Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Segmental method'
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1
Hoelscher, Aaron Kindall. "Test method development for evaluating the freeze-thaw performance of segmental retaining wall blocks." Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4967.
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Segmental retaining walls (SRW), typically constructed along highways, have
grown in popularity over the past decade. Manufacturers of SRW blocks have estimated
the service life of a properly constructed wall to be approximately 75 years. However,
there have been reports of SRW systems failing after only five years in service.
Suspected causes of the SRW failures are freeze-thaw damage while exposed to deicing
salts sprayed by snow plows from highways.
The current standard test method used for evaluating the freeze-thaw durability of
SRW blocks has several drawbacks and does not accurately replicate environmental
exposure field conditions. The objective of this research is to develop and assess a new
standard test method for evaluating the freeze-thaw durability of SRW blocks that obtains
reproducible results and offers sufficient information on the freeze-thaw performance for
SRW block manufacturers and state highway agencies (SHAs).
The research completed a preliminary proof of concept test for the new freezethaw
test method developed using small, commercially available SRW blocks to mitigate
potential problems and establish appropriate test parameters. The testing produced
results of freeze-thaw degradation that followed the same modes of failure that has been
discovered during field evaluations.
After the proof of concept test was completed, a series of freeze-thaw tests were
conducted using sets of SHA approved and non-SHA approved SRW blocks. Three different manufacturersâ SRW blocks were evaluated. There was no significant freezethaw
degradation of any of the blocks after 200 freeze-thaw cycles, so for two blocks,
experiments were extended to 400 cycles using a twelve-hour freeze-thaw cycle. The
modification of the test did not result in more rapid deterioration of the SRW blocks.
The researchers found that the freeze-thaw durability test method developed
herein is beneficial for determining the freeze-thaw performance of the lower quality
specified blocks. The test method gives realistic results, which match typical
deterioration modes that are common in field settings, in a timely manner. However, the
test method for testing SHA quality SRW blocks takes longer times and may not be a
reasonable test for such products.
2
Koneshwaran, Sivalingam. "Blast response and sensitivity analysis of segmental tunnel." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/78619/1/Sivalingam_Koneshwaran_Thesis.pdf.
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This research treated the response of underground transportation tunnels to surface blast loads using advanced computer simulation techniques. The influences of important parameters, such as tunnel material, geometrical configuration of segments and surrounding soil were investigated. The findings of this research offer significant new information on the blast performance of underground tunnels and will contribute towards future civil engineering applications.
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Cimentepe, Ahmet Guray. "Evaluation Of Structural Analysis Methods Used For The Design Of Tbm Segmental Linings." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612795/index.pdf.
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Contrary to the linings of conventionally driven tunnels, the linings of tunnels bored by tunnel boring machines (TBMs) consist of precast concrete segments which are articulated or coupled at the longitudinal and circumferential joints. There are several analytical and numerical structural analysis methods proposed for the design of TBM segmental linings. In this thesis study, different calculation methods including elastic equation method and two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) beam &ndashspring methods are compared and discussed. This study shows that in addition to the characteristics of concrete segments, the mechanical and geometrical properties of longitudinal and circumferential joints have significant effects on the structural behavior of segmental lining.
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Do, Ngoc Anh. "Numerical analyses of segmental tunnel lining under static and dynamic loads." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0042/document.
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Cette thèse vise à étudier le comportement de revêtement articulé du tunnel en développant une nouvelle approche numérique à la Méthode de Réaction Hyperstatique (HRM) et la production des modèles numériques en deux dimensions et trois dimensions à l'aide de la méthode des différences finies (FDM). L'étude a été traitée d'abord sous charges statiques, puis effectuée sous charges dynamiques. Tout d'abord, une étude bibliographique a été effectuée. Une nouvelle approche numérique appliquée à la méthode HRM a ensuite été développée. En même temps, un modèle numérique en deux dimensions est programmé sur les conditions de charge statique dans le but d'évaluer l'influence des joints, en termes de la distribution et des caractéristiques des joints, sur le comportement du revêtement articulé de tunnel. Après cela, des modèles complets en trois dimensions d'un seul tunnel, de deux tunnels horizontaux et de deux tunnels empilés, dans lesquels le système des joints est simulé, ont été développés. Ces modèles en trois dimensions permettent d'étudier le comportement non seulement du revêtement du tunnel, mais encore le déplacement du sol entourant le tunnel lors de l’excavation. Un modèle numérique en trois dimensions simplifié a ensuite été réalisé afin de valider la nouvelle approche numérique appliquée à la méthode HRM.Dans la dernière partie de ce mémoire, la performance du revêtement articulé du tunnel sous chargements dynamiques est prise en compte par l’analyse quasi-statique et dynamique complète en utilisant le modèle numérique en deux dimensions (FDM). Un modèle HRM a également été développé prenant en compte des charges quasi-statiques. Les différences de comportement de tunnel sous chargements statiques et sismiques sont mises en évidence et expliquéesThis PhD thesis has the aim to study the behaviour of segmental tunnel lining by developing a new numerical approach to the Hyperstatic Reaction Method (HRM) and producing two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) numerical models using the finite difference method (FDM). The study first deals with under static loads, and then performs under dynamic loads. Firstly, a literature review has been conducted. A new numerical approach applied to the HRM has then been developed. At the same time, a 2D numerical model is programmed regarding static loading conditions in order to evaluate the influence of the segmental joints, in terms of both joint distribution and joint stiffness characteristics, on the tunnel lining behaviour. After that, full 3D models of a single tunnel, twin horizontal tunnels and twin tunnels stacked over each other, excavated in close proximity in which the joint pattern is simulated, have been developed. These 3D models allow one to investigate the behaviour of not only the tunnel lining but also the displacement of the ground surrounding the tunnel during the tunnel excavation. A simplified 3D numerical model has then been produced in order to validate the new numerical approach applied to the HRM. In the last part of the manuscript, the performance of the segmental tunnel lining exposed to dynamic loading is taken into consideration through quasi-static and full dynamic analyses using 2D numerical models (FDM). A new HRM model has also been developed considering quasi-static loads. The differences of the tunnel behaviour under static and seismic loadings are highlighted
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Lim, Eng G. "Circular polarised microstrip antenna design using segmental methods." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2002. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/1330/.
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Research into the modelling and analysis of microstrip patch antenna have been reported in many studies. These include Transmission Line Modelling, Cavity Modelling, Coplanar Multiport Modelling and Full wave Modelling. Since the electromagnetic field elements are time harmonic, the phasor-form of the Maxwell field equations is used. In this thesis results are presented of the research that has been carried out into the segmental approach for the analysis of the microwave patch antennas. The segmental approach includes the "Segmentation" and the "Desegmentation" methods. In the segmentation method two distinct structural forms have been identified, cascade and shunt types. In the cascade type all consecutive segment elements share a common boundary, while for the shunt type, all appended segment elements have no common boundary. In the case of the shunt type structure a generalised input impedance matrix formula, for any number of appended segment elements, has been obtained. For the desegmentation method a generalised input impedance for any number of deleted segment elements, has been obtained. The above research studies have been applied in the design of a circular polarised two corner deleted square patch microstrip antenna with a single feed. For this structure the design involves both square and triangular patch geometries. The overall patch geometry for circular polarised is determined using perturbation analysis to determine the size of the deleted triangular segment elements. New computationally efficient impedance coupling expressions for the interconnecting port impedances on a rectangle, and, on a right angled isosceles triangle shaped antenna patch have been derived. In the determination of the input impedance of the overall antenna structure the coupling impedances constitute the elements of the individual segment coupling matrices. The matrices are used in a general multiport matrix circuit analysis to obtain the input impedance formula. It is established that, where applicable, the desegmentation method is computationally more efficient than the segmentation method. The new results obtained have been applied to the design of a corner deleted square patch antenna, and, the design procedure is fully described. The computer program implementation evaluates the perturbation quantity, and, the antenna input impedance. The structural properties of the coupling matrices, which are used for efficient computation, are described in detail. All the results from the above work show close agreement with full-wave software simulation and practical results. Significant research achievements: Both segmentation and desegmentation methods have been studied and it has been shown that the desegmentation approach, when applicable, is in general significantly more computationally efficient. In the segmentation method two structural forms, cascade and shunt have been identified. In the latter case a new generalised input impedance matrix formula has been obtained for any number of appended segment elements. A new generalised input impedance matrix formula has been obtained for any number of deleted segment elements in the desegmentation method. New computationally efficient expressions for the coupling impedances have been derived and used in test applications. New computationally efficient expressions for the offset input impedance of a linear polarised rectangular patch, and, an isosceles right-angled triangular patch have been derived and experimentally verified. A program implementing the design procedure for the corner-deleted truncated square patch circular polarised microstrip antenna has been constructed using MATHCAD programming.
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Lee, Yiu-fai, and 李耀暉. "Analysis for segmental sharing and linkage disequilibrium: a genomewide association study on myopia." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43912217.
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Heide, Dr Bernd. "A Method For Modifying Segmented Human Voxel Models." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2002. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200200823.
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A method for modifying segmented human voxel models is depicted. The method is a practical approach to set up voxel models for dose calculations in medical physics. It could also be applied in other fields requiring human voxel models. The basic strategy of the method is: 1. Generate triangulated surfaces from voxel representations of the objects (organs, bones, or tissues) of a segmented human voxel model. 2. Perform surface deformations and/or rearrangements. 3. Reconstruct voxel representations from the triangulated surfaces and put them back into the segmented human voxel model. The voxel volume of the modified organs can be adjusted up to the volume of half a voxel. The practicability of the method is demonstrated by means of the spleen of a leukaemia patientEs wird eine praktische Methode zum Verändern von segmentierten menschlichen Voxel-Modellen dargelegt. Die Methode kann in der Medizinphysik im Zusammenhang mit Strahlendosisberechnungen angewendet werden. Sie kann jedoch auch in anderen Gebieten benutzt werden, bei denen menschliche Voxel-Modelle zur Anwendung kommen. Die grundlegende Strategie der Methode besteht aus den folgenden Schritten: 1. Erzeugung triangulierter Oberflächen aus Objekten (Organen, Knochen, Geweben) eines segmentierten menschlichen Voxel-Modells. 2. Durchführung interaktiver Oberflächendeformationen und/oder Verschiebungen. 3. Re-Überführung der triangulierten Oberflächen in Voxel-Darstellungen der Organe und Rückschreibung in das segmentierte menschliche Voxel-Modell. Das Voxel-Volumen der modifizierten Organe kann mindestens bis auf ein halbes Voxel genau eingestellt werden. Die Anwendbarkeit der Methode wird anhand der Milz einer Leukämie-Patientin demonstriert
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Mach, Ondřej. "Deformační a napěťová analýza segmentu páteře se zavedeným fixátorem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-400485.
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This Master’s thesis deals with strain-stress analysis of a spine segment with an introduced fixator and a spine in natural physiological state. The work starts with a research study of literature sources that focus on similar issues. Furthermore, basic anatomy terminology and basic procedures for human spine stabilization were described. The formulated issue was resolved by computational modelling with the use of the finite element method. This solution requires a suitable computational model to be produced. This model consists of partial geometry, material, bond, and loading models. The geometric model was produced on the basis of CT scan images of a 60-year-old man which were used for producing five spine vertebrae T11–L3. Moreover, the geometric model consists of four intervertebral discs and eight articular cartilages. The material model includes homogeneous, heterogeneous and degraded properties of bone tissue. The strain-stress analysis was performed for seven loading states, which concern basic movements of human spine – standing, bending forward, bending backwards, bending left, bending right, left rotation and right rotation, with the use of ANSYS software. The assessed and analysed quantities include spine segment displacement, contact pressure of articular cartilages and stress on the fixator.
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Adamský, Aleš. "Segmentace mluvčích s využitím statistických metod klasifikace." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219007.
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The thesis discusses in detail some concepts of speech and prosody that can contribute to build a speech corpus for the speaker segmentation purpose. Moreover, the Elan multimedia annotator used for labeling is described. The theoretical part highlights some frequently used speech features such as MFCC, PLP and LPC and deals with currently most popular speech segmentation methods. Some classification algorithms are also mentioned. The practical part describes implementation of Bayesian information criterium algorithm in system for automatic speaker segmentation. For classification of speaker change point in speech, were used different speech features. The results of tests were evaluated by the graphic method of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and his quantitative indices. As the best speech features for this system were provided MFCC and HFCC.
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Boudová, Markéta. "Segmentace skrytých P vln pomocí metod hlubokého učení." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442578.
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The aim of this thesis is segmentation of P waves in ECG signals. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the physiology of the heart and the basics of deep learning methods. Preprocessing of the signals is performed and neural network U-Net is implemented in the Python software environment in the practical part. Afterwards, optimization of network architecture is performed in order to reduce model complexity. Lastly the success rate of the model is evaluated.
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Munzar, Milan. "Automatická segmentace periodického pohybu srdečního svalstva v ultrazvukovém záznamu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234943.
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This thesis describes design and implementation of method, which determines beginning of heart beats in echocardiographic record. Design of this method is built around pyramidal Lucas-Kanade algorithm and fast Fourier transform. This method is implemented in C++ language with OpenCV and FFTW libraries. Analysis of the implementation has shown, that this method is sensitive to anomalies in echocardiographic record. This method is developed as a part of the project for an analysis of echocardiographic records for st. Anna hospital at Brno.
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Caswell, Eric D. "Analysis of a Helix Antenna Using a Moment Method Approach With Curved Basis and Testing Functions." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37001.
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Typically wire antenna structures are modeled by approximating curved structures with straight wire segments. The straight wire approximation yields accurate results, but often requires a large number of segments to adequately approximate the antenna geometry. The large number of straight wire segments or unknowns requires a large amount of memory and time to solve for the currents on the antenna. By using curved segments which exactly describe the contour of the antenna geometry the number of unknowns can be reduced, thus allowing for bigger problems to be solved accurately. This thesis focuses on the analysis of a helix antenna. The Method of Moments is used to solve for the currents on the antenna, and both the triangle basis and pulse testing functions exactly follow the contour of the helix antenna. The thin wire approximation is used throughout the analysis. The helix is assumed to be oriented along the z-axis with an optional perfect electric conductor (PEC) ground plane in the x-y plane. For simplicity, a delta gap source model is used. Straight feed wires may also be added to the helix, and are modeled similarly to the helix by the Method of Moments with triangular basis and pulse testing functions.
The primary validation of the curved wire approach is through a comparison with MININEC and NEC of the convergence properties of the input impedance of the antenna versus the number of unknowns. The convergence tests show that significantly fewer unknowns are needed to accurately predict the input impedance of the helix, particularly for the normal mode helix. This approach is also useful in the analysis of the axial mode helix where the current changes significantly around one turn. Because of the varying current distribution, the improvement of impedance convergence with curved segments is not as significant for the axial mode helix. However, radiation pattern convergence improvement is found. Multiple feed structures for the axial mode helix are also investigated. In general, the many straight wire segments, and thus unknowns, that are needed to accurately approximate the current around one turn can be greatly reduced by the using the curved segment method.Master of Science
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Nesrstová, Markéta. "Segmentace zákazníků obchodní společnosti s využitím metod shlukové analýzy." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264272.
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This thesis discusses the possibilities of using cluster analysis methods for customer segmentation. The theoretical part is focused on description of selected methods of cluster analysis and explanation of other concepts related to this topic, such as CRM, segmentation and targeted communication. In the practical part are applied cluster analysis methods to real data unnamed company with the aim of creating a default substrates useful for planning and implementation of targeted communication. For the main calculations is used program R, for data and output editing is used MS Excel. At the end of the work are evaluated applied methods and summarized lessons learned from the cluster analysis. For a company were created and characterized databases which could be useful for marketing decisions.
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Finch, Peter D. (Peter Donald) 1975. "Sampling benchmarks : methods for extracting intersecting segments of programs." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80065.
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Thesis (S.B. and M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 46-49).
by Peter D. Finch.
S.B.and M.Eng.
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Zhao, Jianyu. "Risk Assessment on Housing Segments in Stockholm." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-190060.
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Manek, Filip. "Mechanická studie interakce páteřního segmentu s poddajným fixátorem." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234219.
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This doctoral thesis is focused on comparative stress strain analysis of a spinal segment with a malleable fixation device and a physiologic spinal segment. In its opening a research study from available sources is carried out. It covers the contemporary state of scientific studies in the given area, anatomy of individual components of the spine, material properties, ways and magnitudes of loadings and also the most common FE model used in similar problems solved. To create a model of geometry of a spinal segment CT scans of a spinal segment of a 38-year-old woman are used. Then they are subsequently used in the modeling software SolidWorks to create the model of geometry of two lumbar vertebras L4 - L5 and a malleable fixation device. Using the computational system ANSYS Workbench, the complete computational model of the spinal motional segment with a malleable fixation device is compiled, covering models of material, loading and bonds. On the basis of the computational solution of FEM models for different ways of loading, a stress-strain analysis is performed. To compare obtained results a detailed comparative analysis with the physiological spinal segment, the segment with the degenerated disc and the segment with applied "rigid" fixation device is carried out. Within the stress strain analysis of the spinal segment with malleable fixation device, an analysis of the magnitude of the strain intensity of spongious bone tissue around the implanted transpedicular screw, depending on the cord pretension of the malleable fixation device, is performed.
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Hesko, Branislav. "Aktivní kontury pro segmentaci ultrazvukových dat." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221388.
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This diploma thesis aims to implement an active contour method for ultrasound image segmentation. Properties of ultrasound images, basic segmentation approaches and a~principle of choosen active contour methods are described within theoretical part. Two different groups of active contour methods exists, methods with use of gradient and without use of gradient as image feature. For comparision, one method of each group is implemented in practical part and subsequently, segmentation efficiency and properties of methods are compared in evaluation part.
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Šolc, Radek. "Segmentace cévního řečiště na snímcích sítnice s využitím statistických metod." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221344.
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This diploma thesis deals with segmentation of blood vessel from images acquired by fundus camera. The characteristic of fundus images and current methods of segmentation are described in theoretical part. The reach of the practical part is method using statistical model. The model using Student´s distribution for automatic segmentation is gradually drafted. Firstly EM- algorithm has been incorporated and model drafted on Markov random fields for improving robustness to noise after that. Contrast of thin blood vessel is improved in image preprocessing part by discrete wave transformation. The output image is used as mask for grayscale intensity decrease of thinnest blood-vessel and intensity increase of background. Whole model was programed in Matlab. The model was tested on whole HRF database. The quantitative evaluation of binary images were compared with golden standard images.
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Chen, Fan. "DISTANCE FIELD TRANSFORM WITH AN ADAPTIVE ITERATION METHOD." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1255727002.
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Jacobs, Ryan (Ryan Lee). "Methods for predicting inventory levels in a segmented retail supply chain." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99028.
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Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2015. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2015. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 69).
Inventory is the largest asset on Nike's balance sheet-$3.9 Billion on May 3 1 st, 2014-and a key indicator of supply chain health. With new markets, products, and channels being added to Nike's sales portfolio each year, the environment in which Nike's supply chain must operate is becoming increasingly complex. Nike has responded to this complexity by splintering their supply chain into smaller segments, tailoring each segment to specific market and consumer needs. As a result of these market developments and Nike's organizational response, the task of understanding and predicting inventory movements has become increasingly challenging for Nike's business planning teams. This project creates an analytical method by which Nike can combine historical supply chain performance with sales forecasts to accurately predict future changes to company inventory levels. To achieve this goal and facilitate simple and flexible inventory predictions, a model was developed around the key segmentation dimensions that define Nike's supply chain. Use of this model enables Nike's senior management team to accurately predict movements in inventory due to product mix changes in the baseline sales forecasts. Additionally, the model provides Nike with a mechanism to evaluate sensitivity to forecast errors and the inventory costs associated with key strategic decisions to grow or shrink segments of their business. Preliminary results from the model over the time period FY15 - FY18 show a 2% increase in baseline inventory by the end of FY18 due both to growth in Apparel relative to Footwear and to growth in Direct-to-Consumer relative to Wholesale. This upward pressure on inventory leaves Nike in a precarious spot with Wall Street analysts who associate inventory growth relative to sales with poor marketplace performance. By carefully segmenting inventory, applying segment specific forecasts, and analyzing aggregated results through the use of the model, Nike can more accurately predict and explain movements in inventory to shareholders.
by Ryan Jacobs.
M.B.A.
S.M.
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Al-Darkazali, Mohammed. "Image processing methods to segment speech spectrograms for word level recognition." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/71675/.
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The ultimate goal of automatic speech recognition (ASR) research is to allow a computer to recognize speech in real-time, with full accuracy, independent of vocabulary size, noise, speaker characteristics or accent. Today, systems are trained to learn an individual speaker's voice and larger vocabularies statistically, but accuracy is not ideal. A small gap between actual speech and acoustic speech representation in the statistical mapping causes a failure to produce a match of the acoustic speech signals by Hidden Markov Model (HMM) methods and consequently leads to classification errors. Certainly, these errors in the low level recognition stage of ASR produce unavoidable errors at the higher levels. Therefore, it seems that ASR additional research ideas to be incorporated within current speech recognition systems. This study seeks new perspective on speech recognition. It incorporates a new approach for speech recognition, supporting it with wider previous research, validating it with a lexicon of 533 words and integrating it with a current speech recognition method to overcome the existing limitations. The study focusses on applying image processing to speech spectrogram images (SSI). We, thus develop a new writing system, which we call the Speech-Image Recogniser Code (SIR-CODE). The SIR-CODE refers to the transposition of the speech signal to an artificial domain (the SSI) that allows the classification of the speech signal into segments. The SIR-CODE allows the matching of all speech features (formants, power spectrum, duration, cues of articulation places, etc.) in one process. This was made possible by adding a Realization Layer (RL) on top of the traditional speech recognition layer (based on HMM) to check all sequential phones of a word in single step matching process. The study shows that the method gives better recognition results than HMMs alone, leading to accurate and reliable ASR in noisy environments. Therefore, the addition of the RL for SSI matching is a highly promising solution to compensate for the failure of HMMs in low level recognition. In addition, the same concept of employing SSIs can be used for whole sentences to reduce classification errors in HMM based high level recognition. The SIR-CODE bridges the gap between theory and practice of phoneme recognition by matching the SSI patterns at the word level. Thus, it can be adapted for dynamic time warping on the SIR-CODE segments, which can help to achieve ASR, based on SSI matching alone.
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Moučka, Milan. "Segmentace obrazu jako výškové mapy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-237071.
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This thesis deals with image segmentation of volumetric medical data. It describes a well-known watershed technique that has received much attention in the field of medical image processing. An application for a direct segmentation of 3D data is proposed and further implemented by using ITK and VTK toolkits. Several kinds of pre-processing steps used before the watershed method are presented and evaluated. The obtained results are further compared against manually annotated datasets by means of the F-Measure and discussed.
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Horečný, Peter. "Metody segmentace obrazu s malými trénovacími množinami." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-412996.
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The goal of this thesis was to propose an image segmentation method, which is capable of effective segmentation process with small datasets. Recently published ODE neural network was used for this method, because its features should provide better generalization in case of tasks with only small datasets available. The proposed ODE-UNet network was created by combining UNet architecture with ODE neural network, while using benefits of both networks. ODE-UNet reached following results on ISBI dataset: Rand: 0,950272 and Info: 0,978061. These results are better than the ones received from UNet model, which was also tested in this thesis, but it has been proven that state of the art can not be outperformed using ODE neural networks. However, the advantages of ODE neural network over tested UNet architecture and other methods were confirmed, and there is still a room for improvement by extending this method.
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Irving, Andrew David. "General methods for large biological networks applied to fruit fly models." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/general-methods-for-large-biological-networks-applied-to-fruit-fly-models(5eb3812e-f2dc-488b-bba4-fa0f094d4776).html.
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A key part of a fruit fly's development is the formation of segmentsin its body. These structures are built by the protein forms of so-called segment polarity (SP) genes. It is the asymmetric expression of SP genes which creates the fruit-fly's segmental structure. The SP genes and their products (e.g. proteins) can be said to form a system which is self-regulating, i.e. genes are used to make proteins and, in turn, proteins are used to turn genes on or off. How this system achieves stable asymmetry of this kind is mathematically interesting as it can be thought of in a different way - multiple symmetries in the same system. This is unusual and we attempt to explain how it is possible using a mathematical model constructed by von Dassow et al. When trying to understand a biological system of this kind, there are two main approaches - reductionist and holistic. We try to show that they are not mutually exclusive - we look at the whole system but reduce what is meant by the whole. For example, von Dassow's model is large scale and, using it as a template, we show that a similar (but smaller) model inherits its properties. Smaller models can be made by short-handing the translation process (through which RNA is used to make protein) wherever an SP gene has a unique protein form. Our data indicates that the simultaneous wild-type expression of key SP genes (engrailed and wingless) takes place only when cumulative regulation of the wingless gene by two SP proteins is weak. The absence of this regulation would explain coexistence of multiple mathematical symmetries in one system (representative of genetic asymmetry) as it acts like a division between them. In this way, the system itself can be thought to divide into two independent sub-systems which can be treated separately.
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Lucko, Gunnar. "Means and Methods Analysis of a Cast-In-Place Balanced Cantilever Segmental Bridge: The Wilson Creek Bridge Case Study." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35904.
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Different means and methods exist in the construction industry to erect bridge superstructures. In planning and execution of the complex construction operations the effects of the chosen erection method need to be considered to achieve a safe and economical process. Failures of bridges under construction have underlined the importance of this issue. Hence, constructability issues need to be considered from the very beginning of projects. Structural analysis mathematically models geometry, boundary conditions, and other structural details, material properties, and so-called actions and incorporates factors of safety. Aforementioned actions, i.e. loads or restraints of deformations may act only temporarily during construction, depending on the method and sequence of erection. However, these construction loads can create considerable stresses in the unfinished structure prior to completion when it still lacks additional redundancy against failure. Furthermore, time-dependent material properties such as creep, shrinkage, and relaxation play a major role, especially in segmental construction.
A case study is provided as an example of how constructability issues are dealt with in engineering practice. The Wilson Creek Bridge is a five-span cast-in-place concrete segmental bridge that was erected with Balanced Cantilever Construction. The bridge superstructure incorporated a camber to account for time-dependent deflections in final alignment.
Form travelers were used in an alternating manner about the bridge piers to construct cantilever arms that were finally connected at midspan. These travelers remained in place until the box girder segments had reached sufficient strength to be post-tensioned to their predecessors. Casting cycle duration on this project was one week.
Master of Science
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Cristofoletti, Maria Cláudia 1975. "Seções áureas e aplicações na rotina das salas de aula." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/306037.
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Orientador: Maria Aparecida Diniz EhrhardtDissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Computação Científica
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Resumo: Apresentamos, neste trabalho, uma pesquisa relacionada à Seção Áurea, que foi estudada pelos gregos antes do tempo de Euclides, mas que recebeu deste uma definição formal chamada de Razão Extrema e Média. Optamos por iniciar mostrando que essa razão, conhecida como Razão Áurea, possui uma história rica que se apresenta em diferentes contextos. Exibimos as propriedades algébricas do número ?, resultante dessa razão, abordamos o Método da Seção Áurea, que permite encontrar pontos extremos de funções de uma variável e mostramos a sua presença geométrica nos ladrilhos de Penrose. Entendemos que tais assuntos podem ser tratados em sala de aula de forma a despertar o interesse do aluno pela Matemática, logo, preparamos sugestões de atividades que explorem esses conceitos e utilizem estratégias diversificadas
Abstract: We present, in this work, a survey related to the Golden Section, which was studied by the greeks before the time of Euclid, but that received from him a formal definition called by Extreme and Mean Ratio. We begin by showing that this ratio, known as Golden Ratio, has a rich history that is presented in different contexts. We exhibited the algebraic properties of the number ?, resulting from this ratio, we approached the Method of Golden Section, which allows to find extreme points of functions of one variable and we show its geometric presence in Penrose tiles. We believe that such matters can be dealt with in the classroom in order to arise the interest of students in Mathematics, so, we prepare suggestions for activities to explore these concepts and use diverse strategies
Mestrado
Matemática em Rede Nacional
Mestra em Matemática em Rede Nacional
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Miyamoto, Kazutoshi Seaman John Weldon. "Bayesian and maximum likelihood methods for some two-segment generalized linear models." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5233.
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Dadák, Michal. "Metodologie segmentace realitního trhu pro oceňovací proces." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318119.
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This master thesis is focused on the analysis of the real estate market and its segmentation. The beginning of the thesis deals with the basics of the real estate economy and consequently with the main segments on the real estate market. Different statistical and mathematical methods are used in the segmentation of the housing market. The thesis is closed by the analysis of the real estate market and the demonstration and description of how to separate the segment from the market. The output of the work is the recommended methodological procedure for the appraisers.
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Descovich, Martina. "Improving the position resolution of highly segmented HPGe detectors using pulse shape analysis methods." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272634.
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Sterner, Jay. "SMARTPHONE-TAPE METHOD FOR CALCULATING BODY SEGMENT INERTIAL PARAMETERS FOR ANALYSIS OF PITCHING ARM KINETICS." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2020. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2133.
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The objectives of this study were to (1) develop a non-invasive method (referred to as Smart Photo-Tape) to calculate participant-specific upper arm, forearm, and hand segment inertial properties (SIPs) (e.g. mass, center of mass, and radii of gyration) and (2) use those Smart Photo-Tape properties in inverse dynamics (ID) analyses to calculate injury-related pitching arm kinetics. Five 20- to 23- year-old baseball pitchers were photographed holding a baseball and analyzed using the Smart Photo-Tape method to obtain 3-D inertial properties for their upper arm, forearm, and hand. The upper arm and forearm segments were modelled as stacked elliptic cylinders and the hand was modelled as an ellipsoid. One participant received a dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan and conducted a motion analysis study, pitching 10 fastballs. Scaled SIPs from cadaver studies and Smart Photo-Tape SIPs were compared using one sample t-tests. Pitching arm kinetic predictions were calculated and compared using scaled inverse dynamics (ID), Smart Hand ID (a combination of scaled SIPs for the upper arm and forearm and Smart Photo-Tape SIPs for the hand), and Smart Photo-Tape ID. The major result was that the Smart Photo-Tape SIPs were significantly different when compared to their respective scaled inertial properties, with the hand segment producing the largest difference between the scaled SIPs and Smart Photo-Tape SIPs. The implication of this study is that researches or coaches can use the Smart Photo-Tape method to calculate participant specific SIPs for pitching arm kinetic analysis.
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Browning, Joseph Stuart. "Developing a Method to Identify Horizontal Curve Segments with High Crash Occurrences Using the HAF Algorithm." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8809.
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Crashes occur every day on Utah’s roadways. Curves can be particularly dangerous as they require driver focus due to potentially unseen hazards. Often, crashes occur on curves due to poor curve geometry, a lack of warning signs, or poor surface conditions. This can create conditions in which vehicles are more prone to leave the roadway, and possibly roll over. These types of crashes are responsible for many severe injuries and a few fatalities each year, which could be prevented if these areas are identified. This highlights a need for identification of curves with high crash occurrences, particularly on a network-wide scale. The Horizontal Alignment Finder (HAF) Algorithm, originally created by a Brigham Young University team in 2014, was improved to achieve 87-100 percent accuracy in finding curved segments of Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) roadways, depending on roadway type. A tool was then developed through Microsoft Excel Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) to sort through curve and crash data to determine the number of severe and total crashes that occurred along each curve. The tool displays a list of curves with high crash occurrences. The user can sort curves by several different parameters, including various crash rates and numbers of crashes. Many curves with high crash rates have already been identified, some of which are shown in this thesis. This tool will help UDOT determine which roadway curves warrant improvement projects.
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Coombs, Matthew T. "Development of a new method to extract biomechanical characteristics of the in vitro multi-segment thoracic spine." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1455209212.
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Sokol, Norbert. "Segmentace biologických vzorků v obrazech z kryo-elektronového mikroskopu s využitím metod strojového učení." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442577.
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Zobrazovanie pomocou kryo-elektrónovej mikroskopie má svoje nezastúpiteľné miesto v analýze viacerých biologických štruktúr. Lokalizácia buniek kultivovaných na mriežke a ich segmentácia voči pozadiu alebo kontaminácii je základom. Spolu s vývojom viacerých metód hlbokého učenia sa podstatne zvýšila úspešnosť úloh sémantickej segmentácie. V tejto práci vyvinieme hlbokú konvolučnú neurónovú sieť pre úlohu sémantickej segmentácie buniek kultivovaných na mriežke. Dátový súbor pre túto prácu bol vytvorený pomocou dual-beam kryo-elektónového mikroskopu vyvinutého spoločnosťou Thermo Fisher Scientific Brno.
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Kaplan, Ali Emre. "Study of Periodic and Quasi-Periodic Structures in Silicon-on-Insulator." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/11038/.
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In this thesis, a numerical design approach has been proposed and developed based on the transmission matrix method in order to characterize periodic and quasi-periodic photonic structures in silicon-on-insulator. The approach and its performance have been extensively tested with specific structures in 2D and its validity has been verified in 3D.
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Milechina, Larissa. "Development of gamma-ray tracking algorithms and pulse shape analysis methods for highly segmented Ge detectors." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Physics, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3828.
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Moltaš, Jaroslav. "Nástroj pro analýzu psaní uživatele na klávesnici." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-236478.
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This master's thesis deals with analysis of user's typing skills in Windows system. Touch method technique for fast keyboard typing is described. The possibilities of Windows keyboard hooking and GUI making are mentioned. The description of segmentation of written text and writing level evaluation techniques are part of this thesis. Another part deals with the system implementation. The result application collects data about user's typing skills and evaluates the quality of typing and number of mistakes.
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Kvaššay, Adrián. "Konstrukce segmentu formy pro lisování pneumatik vyráběného technologií Selective Laser Melting." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-444402.
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This diploma thesis deals with development and design modifications of tire mould segment which will be batch produced by additive technology Selective Laser Melting. Material for its production is maraging steel 1.2709. Lattice structure was used inside the segment construction. The geometry of the lattice cell was chose based on two main factors – eliminating production costs and providing sufficient stiffness. Strength of the segment was calculated by FEM. The functional sample was made and its distortion was analyzed by optical digitalization.
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Märker, Almuth. "Zur Methode der Kurzerfassung mittelalterlicher Handschriften : Ergebnisse und Funde in einem Segment theologischer Handschriften der Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig: Zur Methode der Kurzerfassung mittelalterlicher Handschriften : Ergebnisse und Funde in einem Segment theologischer Handschriften der Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig." Das Buch in Antike, Mittelalter und Neuzeit : Sonderbestände der Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig / hrsg. von Thomas Fuchs ... Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz, 2012. S. 71-90. ISBN 978-3-447-06689-1, 2012. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14638.
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Edwards, Robert Michael. "Optimal synthesis of printed wire spiral antennas using an efficient curved segment moment method with a genetic algorithm." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341890.
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Splittstoesser, Riley Emiel. "A simple method for predicting dynamic lumbar motion segment angles using measures of trunk angle and subject anthropomentry." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1302112152.
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Forrest, Sarah. "The validation of biomechanical methods for ageing and sex : force steadiness and body segment intertial parameters." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/5e18e96a-2f79-4307-be01-538b772067d8.
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Part 1 Study 1: Effect of Sample Frequency and Filter Frequency on the Approximate Entropy Values for Isometric Force Records ApEn has been used to quantify signal complexity in isometric contractions and distinguish between patient groups. Sampling frequencies, ‘r’ values (a parameter needed in the ApEn algorithm which essentially accounts for the noise in the signal Pincus1991 and filters may affect signal characteristics reflected in an alteration in ApEn values and subsequent patterns of results. However there is little standardisation of such procedures for this measure. The purpose of the was to investigate the effect of the choices on ApEn values. While the ‘true’ ApEn value cannot be known the approach taken here was to start with the highest resolution signal and to identify the pattern of ApEn results across different percentages of maximum voluntary contraction and then assess the effect of the post-processing changes on this pattern. The results show the choice of sample rate and ‘r’ is critical in reliably determining changes in ApEn with effort level. It is suggested that ‘r’ used should be, if possible, a measured estimate of noise, sample rates should be as high as possible and filter cut-offs should not be lower than [40]Hz. Study 2: Effect of Bimodal Stimulus on Force Control of Elderly and Young Adults Research shows that older adults often exhibit reduced irregularity in force signal data during isometric contractions (e.g. Sosnoff2006). The purpose of this study was to examine magnitude of variability and structure of isometric force data using appropriate post-processing methods previously established in Study 1. Differences in structure of force output between old and young adults may be as a result of older adults having reduced visuomotor processing capabilities, therefore a second purpose was to assess this by providing three different types of stimuli: 1) audio 2) both audio and visual (bimodal) 3) visual. Young (18-25) and old (65-72) neurologically healthy adults produced isometric force contractions using abduction of the FDI at six force levels (5,10, 25, 40, 50 and 75% MVC) during each of the three conditions. There were no differences found in magnitudes of variability between the age groups nor was there any alteration in force output in the bimodal condition compared to the visual condition for either of the groups. The audio condition altered all indexes of force structure and variability significantly. ApEn values were significantly higher in younger adults at force levels > 25% MVC during all conditions indicating higher irregularity than older adults (mean across all conditions and force: old=0.15, SD 0.11 young=0.19, SD 0.13). These results support the postulation that reduced complexity occurs with ageing. As the force signal is more pattern like it may result in a reduced ability to alter force production when required leading to a lower level of functionality. Study 3:Decreased ApEn values in older adults are associated with increased time to achieve steady muscle force following a change in required force. It was hypothesised that lower ApEn values would be associated with a reduced ability to adapt to a required force change. ApEn of the force signal, functional reaction time, and time to reach a steady state at the new force target was measured. Two different types of stimulus were presented to participants as force targets, bimodal and visual. Young (18-25) and old (65-72) neurologically healthy adults produced isometric force contractions using abduction of the FDI at six force levels that either increased, or decreased at a random interval. Increasing force levels were 5 to 25%, 25 to 50% and 25 to 75% of MVC and decreasing force levels were 25 to 5%, 50 to 25% and 75 to 25% of MVC. Confirming our hypothesis, older adults exhibited longer times to reach steady state, even after removal of reaction time at force levels initiated above 5% MVC. Mean time to reach steady state (minus reaction time) was [2.83]s for young subjects and [3.23]s for old adults [t=2.14, p=0.03]. These results did not differ whether force target moved up or down. These results provide evidence to support the concept that reduced irregularity leads to decreased adaptability to task alterations. This knowledge may be beneficial when modelling ageing movement and force production or used as a pre-clinical tool for identifying those at risk of falls etc. Part 2 Study 4: The determination of Body Segment Inertial Parameters of young female club level athletes Body segment inertial parameters (BSIPs) must be determined to perform biomechanical analyses. Geometric BSIP models are cost effective, yet collecting the anthropometric data necessary is time consuming and time with athletes is often limited. Also, few anthropometric models have been validated for female athletes. The purpose of the study was to validate a geometric model for female club and college athletes. A total of 118 anthropometric measurements were taken from thirty female participants. The upper arms, forearms, hands, thighs, shank and feet were each modelled using four shapes per segment in the full model, and two shapes per segment in the reduced model. The trunk segment was modelled as a series of ten stadium solids in both models. Further refinements of the present model addressed the shoulder area reducing overlap of trunk and upper arm segments. The geometric model predicted segment volume and which was multiplied by cadaver derived density functions Clauser1969 to determine segment mass. The root mean square error between actual whole body volumes (WBV), determined using a hydrostatic weighing tank, and predicted WBV was 2.37%, 3.03% and 2.34% of WBV for the full, reduced and basic models respectively. The model predicted trunk mass with RMSE of just 3.49% of segment mass compared to DXA measured trunk mass. Pearsons correlation showed high correlation between the segment masses predicted by the full model and DXA measured mass [r values ranged from 0.727-0.893, p < 0.001] for the upper arms, forearms, thighs, shanks and feet. The full and reduced model showed high correlation for all segments [mean r=0.9100, p < 0.001] which confirms that reducing the number of anthropometric measurements taken from the limb segments (reducing required measures from 118 measures to 94) causes little difference in the predicted mass for limb segments. These results are of interest to sports biomechanists who are without access to direct imaging techniques, but who wish to compute subject specific BSIPs.
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Langenberg, Tobias. "Neuromeric organization of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary region in zebrafish." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1103005640328-75382.
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The neuromeric concept of brain formation has become a well-established model to explain how order is created in the developing vertebrate central nervous system. The most important feature of neuromeres is their compartmentalization on the cellular level: Each neuromere comprises a lineage-restricted population of cells that does not intermingle with cells from neighboring compartments. The units of the vertebrate hindbrain, the rhombomeres, serve as the best-studied examples of neuromeres. Here, the lineage restriction mechanism has been found to function on the basis of differentially expressed adhesion molecules. To date, hard evidence for the existence of other lineage restricted regions in more anterior parts of the brain is still scarce. The focus of this study is the midbrain-hindbrain boundary (mhb) region, where the juxtaposition of the mesencephalon and metencephalon gives rise to a signaling center, termed the midbrain-hindbrain or isthmic organizer. Evidence for lineage restriction boundaries in the mhb region is still controversial, with some very recent studies supporting the existence of a lineage boundary between the mesencephalon and metencephalon and others rejecting this. Here, I present data strongly supporting the existence of a compartment boundary between the posterior midbrain and anterior hindbrain territory. I base this proposition on cell-tracing experiments with single cell resolution. By connecting the traces to a molecular midbrain marker, I establish a link between cell fate and behavior. In the second part, I present a novel tissue explant method for the zebrafish that has the potential to serve numerous developmental studies, especially imaging of so far inaccessible regions of the embryo.
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Märker, Almuth. "Zur Methode der Kurzerfassung mittelalterlicher Handschriften : Ergebnisse und Funde in einem Segment theologischer Handschriften der Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-201268.
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Shcheglova, Marina. "An integrated method to assess consumer motivation in difficult market niches : a case of the premium car segment in Russia /." kostenfrei, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/tuberlin/volltexte/2010/2570/.
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Beneš, Radek. "Využití metod zpracování signálů pro zvýšení bezpečnosti automobilové dopravy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218105.
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This diploma thesis deals with the issue of the recognition of road signs in the video sequence. Such systems increase the traffic safety and are implemented by major car factories in the manufactured cars (Opel, BMW). First, the motivation for the utilisation of these systems is presented, followed by the survey of the current state of the art methods. Finally, a specific road-sign detection method is chosen and described in detail. The method uses advanced techniques of signal processing. Segmentation method in color space is used for sign detection and subsequent classification is accomplished by linear classification with optional use of PCA method. In addition, the method contains the prediction of road sign positions based on Kalman filtering. Implemented system yields relatively accurate results and overall analysis and discussion is enclosed.
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Braga, Paulo Farias. "Desenvolvimento de antenas de microfita com aberturas nos patches condutores atrav?s do m?todo da segmenta??o." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2005. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15401.
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Microstrip antennas are widely used in modern telecommunication systems. This is particularly due to the great variety of geometries and because they are easily built and integrated to other high frequency devices and circuits. This work presents a study of the properties of the microstrip antenna with an aperture impressed in the conducting patch. Besides, the analysis is performed for isotropic and anisotropic dielectric substrates. The Multiport Network Model MNM is used in combination with the Segmentation Method and the Greens function technique in the analysis of the considered microstrip antenna geometries. The numerical analysis is performed by using the boundary value problem solution, by considering separately the impedance matrix of the structure segments. The analysis for the complete structure is implemented by choosing properly the number and location of the neighboor element ports. The numerial analysis is performed for the following antenna geometries: resonant cavity, microstrip rectangular patch antenna, and microstrip rectangular patch antenna with aperture. The analysis is firstly developed for microstrip antennas on isotropic substrates, and then extended to the case of microstrip antennas on anisotropic substrates by using a Mapping Method. The experimental work is described and related to the development of several prototypes of rectangular microstrip patch antennas wtih and without rectangular apertures. A good agreement was observed between the simulated and measured results. Thereafter, a good agreement was also observed between the results of this work and those shown in literature for microstrip antennas on isotropic substrates. Furthermore, results are proposed for rectangular microstrip patch antennas wtih rectangular apertures in the conducting patch
As antenas de microfita s?o estruturas muito utilizadas nos sistemas de telecomunica??es atuais. Isto decorre, principalmente, da diversidade de configura??es e da facilidade de constru??o e integra??o dessas antenas com outros dispositivos e circuitos de altas freq??ncias. Neste trabalho, o m?todo de an?lise empregado ? o Modelo de Circuito de M?lti-Porta (Multiport Network Model MNM), que combinado com o M?todo da Segmenta??o e a t?cnica da Fun??o de Green, mostra-se adequado ao estudo da antena de microfita com abertura no patch condutor. A partir do equacionamento do problema do valor de contorno, ? ent?o realizada uma an?lise num?rica que consiste em avaliar a estrutura da antena considerada a partir da integra??o dos elementos em que ela foi dividida. Nessa an?lise, os elementos s?o representados por matrizes de imped?ncia e a integra??o ? implementada atrav?s de portas de circuitos adequadamente escolhidas em n?mero e posicionamento. Na an?lise num?rica, foram consideradas as seguintes estruturas: a cavidade ressonante, a microfita com patch retangular convencional (sem abertura) e a microfita com patch retangular com abertura. A an?lise foi efetuada para substratos isotr?picos e estendida para o caso de antenas com substratos anisotr?picos uniaxiais atrav?s do M?todo do Mapeamento. S?o apresentados resultados para a freq??ncia de resson?ncia e para a imped?ncia de entrada de antenas de microfita. A parte experimental do trabalho consistiu no projeto, constru??o e medi??o de v?rios prot?tipos de antenas de microfita com patches retangulares com e sem abertura. Observou-se que os resultados obtidos, atrav?s da simula??o num?rica, apresentaram uma boa concord?ncia com os das medi??es efetuadas. Os resultados deste trabalho, tamb?m, concordaram com os resultados de outros autores, dispon?veis na literatura
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Sörengård, Mattias. "Accuracy in Swedish unsegmented and segmented rating curves : Accounting for measurement uncertainty and heteroscedasticity." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-293383.
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River discharge estimation is the basic hydrological information for most hydrological applications in various socioeconomic planning. Increasing the accuracy of the traditional rating curve in relation to river discharge estimation would be very valuable to hydrological applications. Suggestions have been made that the traditional power function rating curve should be divided into several segments because this is often motivated by the physical characteristics of the river. Each curve is commonly constructed by regression and each requires 3 estimated parameters. However stage-discharge data is often scarce, and this scarcity could lead to overparametrization and deterioration of accuracy. By constructing many unsegmented and segmented rating curves accounting for measurement uncertainty, the models can be validated, it can be determined if segmented rating curves suffers from overparametrization. The results showed that two-segmented rating curves did not yield better fits to data, and nor did it generate larger errors than unsegmented rating curves in extrapolation. Segmentation only reduced errors in low flow interpolation, when there is a clear segmentation. It could also be concluded that unsegmented rating curves were slightly more robust when extrapolating. The biggest impact on rating curve errors was shown not to be determined by segmentation, but rather much more dependent on the amount of discharge measurement uncertainty or choice of regression method. With a mean discharge uncertainty of ±5 %, the errors from in high flow was 60 % in interpolation and 35 % in extrapolation. For low flows, the interpolation errors were around 95 % end extrapolation error estimation was 250 %. Conclusions could also be made that the relative errors from rating curves increased with lower discharges. Other important regression factors, such as heteroscedasticity, sometimes showed to have substantial impact on rating curve regressions, generally reduced from 59 % occurrence in unsegmented rating curves to 14-15 % in segmented rating curves.Uppskattning av vattenflöden i vattendrag är den grundläggande informationen för de flesta hydrologiska applikationer vid olika typer av socioekonomisk planering. Att förbättra noggrannheten i avbördningskurvor då vattenflödet uppskattas vid en mätstation skulle vara värdefullt för de flesta tillämpningar där vattenflöden används. Tidigare studier har föreslagit att avbördningskurvor borde delas upp i flera segment, eftersom vattendrag inte sällan har olika segment med olika fysikaliska karaktärer. Varje segment kräver dock att 2-3 regressionsparametrar bestäms, men flödesmätningar vid olika vattennivåer är ofta få, och knappheten kan göra att en utökad modell blir överparametriserad och än mer osäker. Genom att konstruera många avbördningskurvor, segmenterade och osegmenterade, kan dessa valideras mot valideringsdata och var det möjligt se om segmenterade avbördningskurvor blev överparametriserade. Studien visade att segmenterade avbördningskurvor vid kalibrering, interpolation och extrapolation generellt inte gav bättre prediktion än osegmenterade avbördningskurvor. Vid låga flöden och tydligt motiverade segmenteringar gav segmenterade avbördningskurvor en bättre interpolation, men dock inte vid extrapolation, vilket är en indikation att segmenterade avbördningskurvor var något överparametriserade. Den största inverkan på att minska felen i avbördningskurvor var var att minska mätosäkerheten i flödesmätningarna. Med en genomsnittlig mätosäkerhet i flödesmätningarna på ±5 % kunde osäkerheten kvantifieras till kring 60 % för interpolerade osegmenterade avbördningskurvor vid höga flöden och kring 95 % vid låga flöden. Variansen var dock stor. Osäkerheten från modellvalideringen av extrapolation för osegmenterade avbördningskurvor vid höga flöden kvantifierades till kring 35 % vid höga flöden och kring 250 % vid låga flöden. Resultaten visade att de relativa felen från avbördningskurvor blev större för ju lägre flödet blir. Heteroskedastitet, som kan generera osäkerheter i avbördningskurvor, visade sig vara vanligare (59 %) i osegmenterade avbördningskurvor jämfört med segmenterade (14-15 %). Även antalet flödesmätningar hade en betydelse för felen i avbördningskurvor.
Avbördningskurva, icke-linjär regression, flöde, flödesmätning, osäkerhet, validering, hydrologi, överparametrisering, vattenstånd
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Polášková, Lenka. "Použití metod hlubokého učení v úlohách zpracování obrazu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-242002.
Full textAbstract:
The clue of learning to recognize objects using neural network lies in imitation of animal neural network's behavior. In spite the details of how brain works is not known yet, the teams consisting of scientists from various medical or technical professions are trying to search for them. Thanks to giants like Geoffrey Hinton science made a big progress in this domain. The convolutional networks which are based on animal model of optical system can be advantageously used for image segmentation and therefore they ware chosen for segmentation of tumor and edema from images of magnetic resonance. The models of artificial neural networks used in this work had achieved the 41\% of success in edema segmentation and 79\% in segmentation of tumor from brain issue.
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Štencel, Jakub. "Počítačová analýza obrazu z metody LBIC." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218414.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is concerned with image picture analysis, especially with images obtained by diagnostic LBIC method. The individual defects occuring on solar cells are described in theoretical part, including methods which serve for making referential image. Furthermore, the creation of difference image is analysed, from whom the interferences will be evaluated. The aim of practical part is to focus on generation of algorithms which investigate the defects, and the description of application for program control is described in conclusion.
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Škrobák, Dalibor. "Detekce tváří v obraze." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217297.
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This thesis is focused on face detection in static picture. Theoretical part contains color spaces (RGB, HSI, YCbCr), methods for skin detection (explicit, parametric or non-parametric methods), image metric, edge detection, mathematical morphology, methods for classification faces (appearance-based methods, feature invariant approaches, knowledge-based methods, template matching methods). Practical part of this thesis contains concept and practical realization two algorithms for segmentation skin in static image (simple method based on Cr chroma components and statistical method). Practical part contains concept and practical realization two algorithms for classification face (appearance-based method and template matching method) too.