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1
Selling to a segmented market: The lifestyle approach. Lincolnwood, Ill., USA: NTC Business Books, 1992.
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2
Selling to a segmented market: The lifestyle approach. New York: Quorum Books, 1990.
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3
McDonald, Malcolm. Market segmentation: A step-by-step approach to creating profitable market segments. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1994.
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Malcolm, McDonald. Market segmentation: A step-by-step approach to creating profitable market segments. Houndmills, Basingstoke: Macmillan Business, 1995.
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5
Erkelens, L. J. J. Investigation on MLS approach path interception and transition techniques, Part I: Fast-time computer simulations. Amsterdam: National Aerospace Laboratory, 1985.
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Dhani, Sonja Urmilla. Experimental approaches for the structural characterization of membrane-spanning segments in proteins. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2000.
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Bertuccelli, Fulvio, ed. Soggettività, identità nazionale, memorie. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-668-2.
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Questo volume si propone di indagare le ragioni per cui in Turchia la memoria individuale e la costruzione della soggettività, intese in senso lato, debordino così spesso dai confini dell'individuo per inglobare le problematiche dell'identità nazionale. Le "scritture del sé", che siano confessioni, memorie, romanzi autobiografici e biografici, sono state scelte quali strumenti per giungere a comprendere i meccanismi di costruzione della memoria individuale e collettiva. Le problematiche relative alla costruzione della moderna nazione turca con i suoi eventi storici traumatici, gli approcci al tema della memoria da parte dei segmenti esclusi dal discorso dominante ed egemone, costituiscono i nuclei tematici centrali attorno a cui si sviluppa la riflessione degli autori.
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Afanas'ev, Mihail, Mihail Bendikov, and Stanislav Korunov. Fundamentals of the economy of space activities. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1018193.
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The textbook describes in detail the classification of space goods and services, the segments and sectors of the global space market, the development prospects and the positioning of Russian enterprises in them. The methodological feature of the course consists in new approaches to the segmentation of the market and areas of space activities, identifying their deep relationships with the space industry. The practical side of the course is aimed at studying the methodology and practice of space project management, space pricing, organization of placement and execution of space government orders, and market analytics. The tutorial contains test questions for each chapter, test tasks, and a wide selection of topics for course design. The subject of the course papers is related to the specific activities of the enterprises of the space industry. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for third-year undergraduate and graduate students specializing in the field of training 38.03.01 and 38.04.01 "Economics" in the specialties "Economics of Space activities", "Economics of high-tech industries".
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Zabelina, Ol'ga, Irina Omel'chenko, Anna Mayorova, and Ekaterina Safonova. Human resource Development in the Digital Age: Strategic Challenges, Challenges, and Opportunities. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1243772.
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The monograph, based on the identification of trends and problems of changes in the demand and supply of skills, as well as the study of modern mechanisms of their formation and actualization, substantiates the priority areas of human resources development in the Russian Federation that meet the strategic challenges of the period of digital transformation of the labor sphere.
The authors identify and systematize current and future trends related to changes in the demand for professions and skills in the Russian and global labor markets. The directions of transformation of the demand for skills and professions in the conditions of digitalization of the economy, skills and professions of the future are determined. Quantitative and qualitative imbalances and trends in labor supply and demand in the Russian labor market are identified (based on statistical analysis of data from 2009-2019). The features and problems of supply and demand of professions/skills in the segments of the Russian labor market covered by Internet recruitment are identified (based on data from resume parsing and vacancies of Internet recruitment portals in 2018 and 2020). Methodological approaches to identifying widely-and poorly-demanded skills are proposed and tested during the competence analysis of labor supply and demand using Big Data technologies.the competence profile of the vacancies of the professional core and extra - skills. An innovative author's approach to assessing the potential of skills capitalization — a possible increase in the salary of an applicant due to the expansion of the set of skills that he has-is proposed and tested. The current policy directions of formation and improvement of skills of the population in the Russian Federation are identified and systematized. The strategic challenges of the period of digital transformation of the labor sphere facing the Russian Federation and the priority areas of human resources development that meet these challenges are identified.
The conclusions and recommendations can be used in the work of the Ministry of Labor of Russia, Rostrud, the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, the Ministry of Education of Russia, government authorities, employment services of the Russian regions, as well as organizations of the professional education system.
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Carolyn, Richardson, ed. Therapeutic exercise for spinal segmental stabilization in low back pain: Scientific basis and clinical approach. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1999.
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Carolyn, Richardson, ed. Therapeutic exercise for spinal segmental stabilization in low back pain: Scientific basis and clinical approach. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1999.
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12
Thorne, Sara, and Paul Clift, eds. Morphology and classification. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199228188.003.0001.
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Introduction 4Physiological classification 4Sequential segmental analysis 6Atrial arrangement 8The classification and description of complex congenital heart disease is important to the understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the conditions.1,2 It can appear intimidating; an overview to a rational approach is described here....
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Downing, Laura J., and Al Mtenje. Segmental Phonology: Vowels. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198724742.003.0004.
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This chapter begins with a discussion of the Chichewa vowel phoneme inventory and its relation to the Proto-Bantu vowel inventory. The distribution of vowels in different morphological and phonological positions in the word is taken up next. The remainder of the chapter is devoted to a discussion of Bantu vowel height harmony (VHH), a process that conditions the possible vowel combinations in stems in Chichewa as in many Bantu languages. Data from a range of morphological and phonological contexts is provided to show that vowel harmony patterns in Chichewa fit Hyman’s (1999b) characterization of “canonical” Bantu VHH. Accounting for vowel harmony—and in particular Bantu VHH—has played an important role in the development of phonological theories of the representation and assimilation of vocalic properties from the 1980s to the present (Hyman 2003d). For this reason, the chapter takes up three different theoretical approaches to Bantu VHH in some detail.
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Nazri, Fadzli Mohamed, Mohd Azrulfitri Mohd Yusof, and Moustafa Kassem. Precast Segmental Box Girders: Experimental and Analytical Approaches. Springer, 2019.
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Radebaugh, Lee H. Internationalaspects of segment disclosures: A conceptual approach. Dpt. of Accounting and Finance, Glasgow Business School, University of Glasgow, 1987.
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Firth, Helen V., Jane A. Hurst, and Judith G. Hall. Clinical approach. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780192628961.003.0034.
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Ambiguous genitalia (including sex reversal) 38Anal anomalies (atresia, stenosis) 42Anterior segment eye malformations 46Arthrogryposis (arthrogryposis multiplex congenita) 48Ataxic adult 50Ataxic child 52Brachydactyly 56Broad thumbs 58Cardiomyopathy in children under 10 years 60Cataract 64Cerebellar anomalies 66Cerebral palsy ...
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Preliminary design approach for large high precision segmented reflectors. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1990.
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Staff. Preliminary Design Approach for Large High Precision Segmented Reflectors. Independently Published, 2018.
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Firth, Helen V., and Jane A. Hurst. Clinical approach. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199557509.003.0002.
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This chapter introduces a list of clinical presentations seen in a genetics clinic or on the ward such as ambiguous genitalia including sex reversal, anterior segment eye malformations, ataxic adult, broad thumbs, cataract, cerebral palsy, cleft lip and palate, coloboma, congenital heart disease, developmental regression, dysmorphic child, dystonia, ear anomalies, floppy infant, fractures, holoprosencephaly, hydrocephalus, hypermobile joints, large fontanelle, limb reduction defect, lumps and bumps, microcephaly, nasal anomalies, nystagmus, overgrowth, post-axial polydactyly, retinal dysplasia, scalp defects, and more. The chapter outlines a practical clinical approach with relevant investigations to help to achieve an accurate genetic diagnosis, together with genetic advice, and a list of support groups.
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A, Davison James, Maxwell W. Andrew 1942-, and Nordan Lee T, eds. The Surgical rehabilitation of vision: An integrated approach to anterior segment surgery. London: Gower Medical Pub., 1992.
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Davison, James A., and Lee T. Nordan. The Surgical Rehabilitation of Vision: An Integrated Approach to Anterior Segment Surgery. Gower Medical Pub, 1991.
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Market Segmentation: A Step-By-Step Approach to Creating Profitable Market Segments (Macmillan Business). Trans-Atlantic Publications, 1995.
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23
Benvegnú, Carlotta, Bettina Haidinger, and Devi Sacchetto. Restructuring Labour Relations and Employment in the European Logistics Sector. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791843.003.0004.
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This chapter compares union responses and the emergence of workers’ struggles in two segments of the European logistics sector: warehousing in Italy and parcel delivery in Austria. The two case studies show striking similarities both in the management of the supply chain, resulting in highly segmented labour markets, and in the two sub-industries’ exposure to workers’ positional power. Unions’ success and failure to organize workers in logistics supply chains and in the effective adoption of strategies to contest casualization and fragmentation are related to differences in the dominant or competing union structures to incorporate precarious workforce groups, and in building upon inclusive worker solidarity and direct action. In Italy, rank-and-file unions approach workers directly, providing labour law knowledge and militant experiences. In Austria, unions stick to their old recipes of corporatist inclusion, act defensively, and leave precarious workers to their own devices in their struggles.
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Cosyns, Bernard, Thor Edvardsen, Krasimira Hristova, and Hyung-Kwan Kim. Left ventricle: systolic function. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198726012.003.0020.
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The assessment of left ventricular (LV) systolic function is one of the most important parts of correct diagnosis, selection of treatment strategy or medications, and prediction of prognosis. Although cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is generally accepted as the gold standard in vivo imaging modality for assessing LV systolic function, its practical use is limited due to its limited availability, high cost, and the presence of conditions precluding its performance such as a pacemaker, claustrophobia, and severe arrhythmia. Thus, transthoracic echocardiography is a first-line imaging modality employed in daily practice and has been widely used. Since the first attempts with M-mode approach, remarkable improvements have been made with the advent of two-dimensional echocardiography, and more recently three-dimensional echocardiography, with high accuracy and reproducibility. More sophisticated methodologies such as strain imaging, based on Doppler or speckle tracking techniques, provide a more sensitive and quantitative measurement of myocardial contractility, and are gaining a place in common daily practice. This chapter describes different modalities that have been used for assessment of LV systolic function based on echocardiography, and is grossly composed of two parts: LV global systolic function and LV regional or segmental systolic function. For better application of these conventional and novel methods of assessing LV systolic function, strengths and pitfalls of these techniques should be acknowledged.
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Gandhi, Ripal T., Jonathan J. Iglesias, Constantino S. Peña, and James F. Benenati. The Endoconduit for Small Iliac Access. Edited by S. Lowell Kahn, Bulent Arslan, and Abdulrahman Masrani. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199986071.003.0013.
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Endoconduits are increasingly being utilized in patients with small iliac access who require introduction of large devices for endovascular aneurysm repair, thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair, and transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Many techniques exist to circumvent the challenges imposed by suboptimal iliac anatomy, the most common of which is placement of an open surgical conduit through a retroperitoneal exposure of the common iliac artery or distal aorta. Endoconduit placement avoids more aggressive surgical approaches and involves the placement of a covered stent across the diseased iliac segment from a femoral approach. Following deployment, the endoconduit is aggressively balloon-angioplastied. This creates a proximal and distal seal while rupturing the diseased iliac segment and allows passage of large-profile sheaths and devices. A stepwise approach to placement of an endoconduit is reviewed, and tips and tricks are presented.
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Martins, Pedro. Messiânicos & bandoleiros: Identidade, memória e apropriação da terra em um grupo remanescente do Contestado. Brazil Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-031-1.
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This book presents different approaches of research and participant observation in a rural ethnic group which remained after the "Contestado Movement" (Contestado War). The group is currently settled in the Itajai Valley region (in the state of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil). The text discusses the process of systematic observation which took place over more than 30 years of contact with the group. The focus in on how this group was formed before the Contestado War, in order to provide a plausible narrative about its path and history over the span of roughly 150 years. As a connecting thread, the narrative follows the already published theory that one could distinguish two segments with different characteristics within the Contestado's rebel population. In the first segment were the devouts of Saint Joao Maria, here referred to as "messianics" (messianicos). The second segment consisted of many human types willing to fight for survival and for different religious beliefs in a state of war. This second group is referred to in the literature as "bandits" (bandoleiros). Besides that, after the war, rebel caboclos (messianicos and bandoleiros) and cablocos who supported the Brazilian government's repression (vaqueanos) continued coexisting in different ways. These characteristics still currently impact the group and intrigue the observers.
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Bockenhauer, Detlef, and Robert Kleta. Approach to the patient with renal Fanconi syndrome, glycosuria, or aminoaciduria. Edited by Robert Unwin. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0041_update_001.
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Up to 80% of filtered salt and water is returned back into the circulation in the proximal tubule. Several solutes, such as phosphate, glucose, low-molecular weight proteins, and amino acids are exclusively reabsorbed in this segment, so their appearance in urine is a sign of proximal tubular dysfunction. An entire orchestra of specialized apical and basolateral transporters, as well as paracellular molecules, mediate this reabsorption. Defects in proximal tubular function can be isolated (e.g. isolated renal glycosuria, aminoacidurias, or hypophosphataemic rickets) or generalized. In the latter case it is called the Fanconi–Debre–de Toni syndrome, based on the initial clinical descriptions. However, in clinical practice it is usually referred to as just the ‘renal Fanconi syndrome’. Severity of proximal tubular dysfunction can vary, and may coexist with some degree of loss of glomerular filtration capacity. Causes include a wide range of insults to proximal tubular cells, including a number of genetic conditions, drugs and poisons.
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Montgomery, Erwin B. Approach to DBS in the Vicinity of the Globus Pallidus Interna. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259600.003.0012.
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The regional anatomy around the DBS lead in the globus pallidus interna (GPi) determines efficacy and adverse effects. Understanding the regional anatomy allows the programmer to adjust the stimulation to provide optimal benefit and the absence of adverse effects. Just ventral to the sensorimotor region of the GPi is the optic tract. Spread of stimulation to the optic tract can produce phosphenes (the experience of seeing light without light actually entering the eye). The internal capsule lies just posterior to the globus pallidus, and stimulation there can cause tonic muscle contractions. Anteriorly lies the non-motor region, and stimulation of this region could cause changes in cognition and personality, although the incidences of these problems is much less that with STN DBS. This chapter discusses the regional anatomy of the GPi segment, adverse effects from malpositioning of DBS leads, approaches to GPi DBS for Parkinson’s, treating dystonia with DBS of the GPi, and treating hyperkinetic disorders.
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Mastroianni, George R. In the Aftermath. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190638238.003.0010.
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Chapter 10 approaches the psychology of the Holocaust by looking at postwar attitudes and changes in German society. The situationist approach of Milgram and Zimbardo would seem to suggest that the attitudes of Germans might undergo rapid change after the situational influences of the Nazi regime were removed with the collapse of the regime. There is a significant body of data on attitudes of the German public before and during the war. Surveys conducted after the war found significant continuity in anti-Semitic attitudes among some segments of the German population, including many young people. Interestingly, Germans in East Germany exhibited less anti-Semitism than those in the Federal Republic, suggesting that education and socialization can have a significant impact on attitude change.
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Rosenthal, Brett D., Marco Mendoza, Barrett S. Boody, and Wellington K. Hsu. Approaches and Relative Benefits of Open Versus Minimally Invasive Surgery for Degenerative Conditions. Edited by Mehul J. Desai. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199350940.003.0022.
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Minimally invasive techniques aim to improve upon traditional open surgeries by limiting the morbidity of the surgical approach. In doing so, soft tissue collateral injury is minimized, the midline is relatively spared, and the amount of osseous resection is reduced. Both open and minimal-access procedures are options for decompressing neural tissue, correcting spinal column malalignment, or stabilizing vertebral motion segments. Minimally invasive techniques reduce the necessary soft tissue retraction and surgical dissection with the goal of reducing postoperative pain and expediting recovery. However, the limited access afforded by these approaches can be challenging for complex and revision procedures, and the surgeon must be familiar with the specialized instrumentation and novel technologies. The decision to use minimally invasive techniques is multifactorial and is largely dependent on patient, surgeon, and hospital factors.
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Hall, Andrew, and Shamima Rahman. Mitochondrial diseases and the kidney. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0340.
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Mitochondrial disease can affect any organ in the body including the kidney. As increasing numbers of patients with mitochondrial disease are either surviving beyond childhood or being diagnosed in adulthood, it is important for all nephrologists to have some understanding of the common renal complications that can occur in these individuals. Mitochondrial proteins are encoded by either mitochondrial or nuclear DNA (mtDNA and nDNA, respectively); therefore, disease causing mutations may be inherited maternally (mtDNA) or autosomally (nDNA), or can arise spontaneously. The commonest renal phenotype in mitochondrial disease is proximal tubulopathy (Fanconi syndrome in the severest cases); however, as all regions of the nephron can be affected, from the glomerulus to the collecting duct, patients may also present with proteinuria, decreased glomerular filtration rate, nephrotic syndrome, water and electrolyte disorders, and renal tubular acidosis. Understanding of the relationship between underlying genotype and clinical phenotype remains incomplete in mitochondrial disease. Proximal tubulopathy typically occurs in children with severe multisystem disease due to mtDNA deletion or mutations in nDNA affecting mitochondrial function. In contrast, glomerular disease (focal segmental glomerulosclerosis) has been reported more commonly in adults, mainly in association with the m.3243A<G point mutation. Co-enzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency has been particularly associated with podocyte dysfunction and nephrotic syndrome in children. Underlying mitochondrial disease should be considered as a potential cause of unexplained renal dysfunction; clinical clues include lack of response to conventional therapy, abnormal mitochondrial morphology on kidney biopsy, involvement of other organs (e.g. diabetes, cardiomyopathy, and deafness) and a maternal family history, although none of these features are specific. The diagnostic approach involves acquiring tissue (typically skeletal muscle) for histological analysis, mtDNA screening and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex function tests. A number of nDNA mutations causing mitochondrial disease have now been identified and can also be screened for if clinically indicated. Management of mitochondrial disease requires a multidisciplinary approach, and treatment is largely supportive as there are currently very few evidence-based interventions. Electrolyte deficiencies should be corrected in patients with urinary wasting due to tubulopathy, and CoQ10 supplementation may be of benefit in individuals with CoQ10 deficiency. Nephrotic syndrome in mitochondrial disease is not typically responsive to steroid therapy. Transplantation has been performed in patients with end-stage kidney disease; however, immunosuppressive agents such as steroids and tacrolimus should be used with care given the high incidence of diabetes in mitochondrial disease.
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Mikheev, Andrei. Text Segmentation. Edited by Ruslan Mitkov. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199276349.013.0010.
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This article discusses electronic text as essentially just a sequence of characters. Text needs to be segmented at least into linguistic units such as words, punctuation, numbers, alphanumerics, etc. This process is called tokenization. The article mentions that most natural language processing techniques require text to be segmented into sentences as well. It briefly reviews some evaluation metrics and standard resources commonly used for text segmentation tasks. This article presents substantial challenges for computational analysis since tokens are directly attached to each other using pictogram characters or other native writing systems and outlines various computational approaches to tackle them in different languages. It focuses on the low-level tasks such as tokenization and sentence segmentation.
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Wackermann, Jiří. The Oppel–Kundt Illusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0035.
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A line segment, subdivided into smaller parts, appears longer than an undivided line segment of the same length. This phenomenon is known as “Oppel–Kundt illusion,” also named “illusion of interrupted extent” or “filled space illusion,” is a classic example of so-called “geometric-optical illusions.” It was described about 150 years ago but it is still insufficiently explored and not well understood. This chapter provides an overview of the research into the Oppel–Kundt illusion, summarizes the most important empirical findings and explanatory approaches, and points out relations to other illusory phenomena. The chapter also discusses results of recent original research.
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Duffy, Brooke Erin. Rethinking Readership. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037962.003.0005.
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This chapter examines how the transformations associated with digitization are reshaping the ways in which publishers of women's magazines think about readership by focusing on their constructions of audiences. Editors and publishers of women's magazines have long targeted narrowly defined segments of the female populace based upon demographic factors (age, household income, marital status, educational level, and sometimes even race) as well as lifestyle traits and behaviors. They draw upon surveys and other measurement techniques to understand these segments and craft detailed profiles of their “ideal reader.” This chapter considers women's magazines' shape-shifting approaches to audiences, particularly between producers for the print and digital products. It discusses the magazine industry's progress in terms of providing advertisers with more precise and timely audience metrics, as well as magazines' understanding of audience demographics. It also explores recent developments in online tracking and consumer analytics and how they have inspired a new series of approaches to researching media audiences, including search engine optimization, content syndication and aggregation, and web traffic generation.
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Lyketsos, Constantine, Phillip R. Slavney, John R. Lipsey, and Peter V. Rabins, eds. Psychiatric Aspects of Neurologic Diseases. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195309430.001.0001.
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Psychiatric Aspects of Neurologic Diseases: Practical Approaches to Patient Care is targeted at neurologists, psychiatrists, and other physicians who care for patients with the most common neurologic diseases ranging from Alzheimer's to stroke to headaches to multiple sclerosis to epilepsy. The book provides a practical approach to the evaluation and treatment of the psychiatric conditions that affect the vast majority of these patients and are as disabling as the neurologic symptoms. Drawing from the collective wisdom and clinical expertise of the faculty of the Johns Hopkins Division of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatry, one of the largest and most well known faculties in this specialized field, the book provides a wealth of useful clinical information for physicians who care for these patients. The volume is divided into three parts: the first part (2 chapters) provides a detailed approach to the evaluation and differential diagnosis of the neurologic patient with psychiatric symptoms followed by a discussion of the common psychiatric syndromes seen in these patients. The second part discusses in detail the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of psychiatric conditions in 12 neurologic diseases, written by experts in each of these diseases. The third discusses in depth the range of psychiatric treatments, both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic, available to treat the psychiatric aspects of neurologic diseases, specifically tailored to their use with the neurologic patient. The book is intended to serve as a practical reference for clinicians and is written in clear language, with distinct separated text segments, linked to the frequent use of tables. A glossary of terms, used throughout the book, is provided at the end for easy reference.
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Muñoz, George, and Mikhail Kogan. Men’s Health. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190466268.003.0010.
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The aim of this chapter is to review nutrition, hormones, natural substances, and integrative aspects to men’s health specific to the geriatric population. This segment of the population is growing, and they are more active and want to remain so for as long as possible. Older men therefore are entitled to and demand healthy options and lifestyle education and interventions to meet their future goals. This chapter covers exercise, nutrition, and food recommendation for the healthy aging male. Topics include prostate health, sexuality, erectile dysfunction, and hormone deficiencies, specifically testosterone and DHEA. Recommendations are provided on bone health, sleep, balance, and mind–body intervention. A global approach to healthy aging is suggested when providing care for aging men.
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Pattanaik, Prasanta K., and Yongsheng Xu. On a Concept of Freedom. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812555.003.0003.
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A considerable segment of the recent analytical literature on freedom visualizes an individual’s freedom as his/her ability to choose any one of several alternative (mutually exclusive) outcomes available to him/her. A major application of this formulation of freedom is to be found in the functioning and capability approach where an individual’s capability or opportunity set is taken to be a set of functioning bundles any one of which the individual is able to choose at will. Following the lead provided by an early contribution from K. Basu, this chapter explores the limitations of this conception of freedom, both in the framework of perfectly competitive markets and in cases where an individual’s life is determined through strategic interaction among several individuals.
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Rhodes, R. A. W. From Prime Ministerial Power to Core Executive. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786108.003.0009.
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The core executive is a new concept replacing the conventional debate about the power of the prime minister and the Cabinet. It refers to all those organizations and procedures that coordinate central government policies, and act as final arbiters of conflict between different parts of the government machine. In brief, the ‘core executive’ is the heart of the machine. The chapter reviews the several approaches to studying the British executive: prime ministerial government; prime ministerial cliques; Cabinet government; ministerial government; segmented decision-making; and bureaucratic coordination. It then discusses several ways forward by developing new theory and methods. The Afterword discusses the core executive as interlocking networks, and the fluctuating patterns of executive politics.
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Massard-Guilbaud, Geneviève, and Richard Rodger, eds. Environmental and Social Justice in the City: Historical Perspectives. The White Horse Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/9781912186334.book.
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The world is full of environmental injustices and inequalities, yet few European historians have tackled these subjects head on; nor have they explored their relationships with social inequalities. In this innovative collection of historical essays the contributors consider a range of past environmental injustices, spanning seven northern and western European countries and with several chapters adding a North American perspective. In addition to an introductory chapter that surveys approaches to this area of environmental history, individual chapters address inequalities in the city as regards water supply, air pollution, waste disposal, factory conditions, industrial effluents, fuel poverty and the administrative and legal arrangements that discriminated against segments of society.
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Simon, Morris. 11 Supervision and Other Powers. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199688753.003.0011.
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This chapter examines the topic of Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) and Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) supervision. Supervision is the regulatory function of seeking to ensure that firms are complying with the regulators’ principles, rules, and other policies. Under the FCA and PRA self-regulation and light-touch supervision have been rejected in favour of approaches that ensure the resilience of the financial system. This chapter studies the process by which the regulators review authorised persons’ activities to check for compliance with their standards, together with five further regulatory processes or powers: change in control, powers over parent undertakings, short selling, the regulation of two specific market segments, and insolvency.
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Grant, Stuart A., and David B. Auyong. Lower Limb Ultrasound Guided Regional Anesthesia. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190231804.003.0003.
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This chapter describes the clinical anatomy relevant to the lower extremities and outlines the tools and techniques used to perform lower extremity ultrasound-guided nerve blocks. The nerve blocks described here include the femoral, lateral femoral cutaneous, adductor canal (selective femoral), saphenous, obturator, lumbar plexus, sciatic (proximal, anterior, and popliteal approaches), (iPACK) and ankle blocks. For each nerve block, the indications, risks, and benefits of the varying approaches are described in detail. The chapter includes step-by-step instructions with illustrations, including cadaver dissections, to allow the operator to perform clinically effective and safe ultrasound-guided lower extremity regional anesthesia. At the conclusion of each block description, a “Pearls” segment highlights important tips gleaned from our clinical experience. This chapter provides the practitioner with thorough instruction and knowledge allowing optimal delivery of regional anesthetic for any lower extremity surgery or trauma.
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Godfrey, Barry, Pam Cox, Heather Shore, and Zoe Alker. History, Child Removal, and Youth Justice Policy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788492.003.0009.
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Chapter 9 starts by summarizing the findings of the current study. Young Criminal Lives is the first study of its kind to use a life course approach to ask whether the early English youth justice system ‘worked’. Within that, it has focused on whether child removal to an institution ‘worked’. The chapter then considers the youth justice system in England and Wales today, which is overseen by the Youth Justice Board. There is then discussion of what can be learned from aspects of the Victorian and Edwardian regimes, and what is no longer possible or acceptable in current conditions. The chapter concludes that Victorian liberalism believed in the public value of ‘the social’ whereas neo-liberalism seeks to segment and monetize it. In the authors’ view, this runs counter to the nurturing of an ethic of care which, as Young Criminal Lives has shown, can never be fully commodified.
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Fye, W. Bruce. Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Stimulates the Growth of Angiography. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199982356.003.0015.
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Coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), reported by Cleveland Clinic surgeon René Favaloro in 1969, represented a new approach to treating angina pectoris that involved operating directly on a diseased coronary artery. The strategy involved inserting a vein segment between the aorta and a coronary artery. This bypass graft carried blood to heart muscle that would normally have been supplied by a blocked coronary artery. CABG caught on quickly because it seemed to improve angina in a significant percentage of patients and produced income for surgeons and hospitals. But controversy surrounded the value of the operation, and Mayo heart specialists joined others in calling for controlled clinical trials to evaluate it. The Cleveland Clinic group initially resisted trials, claiming that their institutional experience proved that the operation was beneficial. In less than a decade, coronary bypass surgery was associated with a total annual cost of about $1 billion in America.
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Saleh, Fabian M., Albert J. Grudzinskas, and H. Martin Malin. Treatment of incarcerated sex offenders. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0059.
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Sex offenders are incarcerated in substantial numbers for a variety of non-violent and violent crimes, with or without diagnoses of paraphilias. The treatment of sex offenders in correctional contexts is arguably one of the most challenging undertakings for psychiatrists. Sex offenders comprise a highly stigmatized population that typically engenders intense negative feelings in both the professional and lay communities. The growing number of sex offenses in recent years has had a profound impact on public perception. In 2012, the latest year for which comprehensive data have been compiled, there were 73,080 incidents of sex ‘crimes against persons’ in the United States involving 79,625 individual victims and individual 76,927 offenders. The potential contributions of psychiatry to sex offender management span a considerable segment of the patient’s life: from post-arrest evaluation and emergent care, through adjudication in the courts, incarceration, possible civil commitment, and supervised release. Nevertheless, psychiatrists, as physicians and healers, bring much needed medical expertise to the discussion. Foremost is the ability of psychiatry to demonstrate that sex offenders are a heterogeneous population. Further, a rational, effective, and humane approach to the social problem of sex offending depends upon accurate assessment, diagnosis, and treatment approaches to the offender. Psychiatrists can also inform the ongoing debate about competency, dangerousness, the appropriateness of civil commitment, life-long sex offender registration, compulsory medication and other medically relevant issues in sex offender management. This chapter reviews the nosology, assessment, diagnosis, best and evidence-based practice issues relevant to the care of convicted sex offenders in correctional settings.
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Reffelmann, Thorsten, and Robert Kloner. Adjunctive Reperfusion Therapy Post-AMI. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199544769.003.0009.
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• Reperfusion of the occluded coronary artery in an ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction is the most effective approach for reducing infarct size, preserving left ventricular ejection fraction, lowering the incidence and severity of congestive heart failure and improving prognosis• Hence, several pharmacologic agents intended to improve target vessel patency as an adjunct to thrombolysis or primary percutaneous coronary intervention have been shown to be beneficial in patients with reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction, namely antiplatelet and anticoagulation agents• Animal investigations have suggested that coronary reperfusion may also result in undesirable cardiac alterations, termed ‘reperfusion injury’, such as reversible contractile dysfunction (‘stunning’), microvascular obstruction (‘no-reflow’), and in several studies the progression of myocardial necrosis (‘lethal reperfusion injury’)• Clinical investigations of various pharmacologic interventions as an adjunctive therapy to reperfusion to reduce final infarct size, the amount of contractile dysfunction and to improve prognosis have been mostly inconsistent; only a few interventions, e.g. adenosine and atrial natriuretic peptide seem to show promise at least in certain subgroups.
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Grant, Stuart A., and David B. Auyong. Trunk and Spine Ultrasound Guided Regional Anesthesia. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190231804.003.0004.
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This chapter describes the clinical anatomy and outlines the tools and techniques needed to perform thoracic, abdominal and neuraxial ultrasound-guided procedures. The nerve blocks described here include the transversus abdominis plane (TAP), quadratus lumborum, ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric, rectus sheath, intercostal, PECS, serratus plane, paravertebral, and neuraxial spinal and epidural blocks. For each nerve block, the indications, risks, and benefits of the varying approaches are described in detail. The chapter includes step-by-step instructions with illustrations to allow the operator to perform clinically effective and safe ultrasound-guided thoracic, truncal, and neuraxial procedures. At the conclusion of each block description, a “Pearls” segment highlights important tips gleaned from our clinical experience. This chapter provides the practitioner with thorough instruction and knowledge allowing the optimal delivery of regional anesthesia for any thoracic or abdominal surgery.
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Onoye, Jane M., Deborah Goebert, and Leslie Morland. Cross-Cultural Differences in Adjustment to Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period. Edited by Amy Wenzel. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199778072.013.31.
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Cultural context is important to understanding cross-cultural difference in adjustment to pregnancy and the postpartum period. Culture is complex, with interrelated variables posing challenges for research. Highlighted with examples of research with women from Western, Eastern, Native, and Other cultures, the chapter discusses variables such as acculturation and acculturative stress, social support, religious and spiritual beliefs and practices, and help-seeking and utilization of services in perinatal mental health and adjustment. Although rates of psychiatric symptoms and disorders vary across cultures, postpartum depression is universal and most often reflected in the perinatal mental health literature. Research on interventions and services mainly examine Western approaches as standard models of health care; however, understanding cultural context can help to inform directions for intervention adaptations or tailoring through a “cultural lens.” There are growing segments of cross-cultural perinatal mental health research, but many gaps still remain.
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Abou-Khalil, Bassel, Karl Edward Misulis, Hasan Sonmezturk, and Kevin C. Ess. Atlas of EEG, Seizure Semiology, and Management. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197543023.001.0001.
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Atlas of EEG, Seizure Semiology, and Management presents the essential knowledge and tools needed for understanding, performing, interpreting, and using electroencephalography (EEG) as a tool for patient care. The book begins with a discussion of the scientific basis of EEG activity and EEG recording, followed by details on the performance of various studies used in clinical practice. A large segment focuses on clinical features of seizures and epilepsies, including details of the new classification schemes. More than 500 images are used to discuss normal and abnormal EEG patterns and clinical features of seizures and epilepsies, including localization and physiology. While most of the book concerns patients of all ages, one section focuses on pediatric EEG and epilepsy. Management sections discuss specific treatments of seizures and epilepsies, including the physiology and pharmacology of rational therapy, recommended dosing and monitoring, and surgical and nonmedical therapy. Also included are discussions on the differential diagnosis of seizures, approach to nonepileptic events, and impact of comorbidities. After presentation of core material, many teaching cases presented and discussed by the authors.
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Curtis, Heather D. ‘There are no Secular Events’. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198798071.003.0005.
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This chapter explores how American Evangelicals have employed popular media to maintain and augment their vitality in the United States during a supposedly secular age. By focusing on the story of the Christian Herald, an evangelical newspaper that greatly expanded its circulation and influence during the 1890s, it elucidates the innovative strategies publishers adopted to attract and retain the attention of a significant segment of the American Protestant public. By embracing ground-breaking printing and photographic technologies, novel approaches to popular journalism, and modern advertising techniques, the Christian Herald became the most successful religious newspaper in the world within a decade, a position it held throughout most of the twentieth century. Analysing these enterprising methods alongside the distinctive messages about American exceptionalism that the Christian Herald communicated in its columns also helps to explain why evangelicalism has continued to flourish in the USA in comparison to the UK or Europe.
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Rosen, David H., and Uyen B. Hoang. The Patient-Centered Interview. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190628871.003.0005.
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In this chapter, the focus is on the patient-centered interview as a basic tool that uses inherent principles of the biopsychosocial model to talk to patients. There are four key approaches to patient interviewing: the science of observation, following the affect, the concept of process, and the A.R.T. of interviewing. Observational skills can be refined to yield valuable clinical data. Follow-the-affect helps to guide the interview in relation to what the patient is feeling, and it acknowledges the importance of students’ abilities to keep track of their own feelings. The interview process segment holds there is a process level to all communication between people. The A.R.T. of interviewing attempts to offer a conceptual link between process and content. The mnemonic device refers to three components: assessment, rankings, and transition. Last, there is a section that offers clinical pearls, mnemonics, and tricks of the trade.