Dissertations / Theses: 'Seepage'

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Van, Leuven Ryan G. "Assessing the Potential for Seepage Barrier Defects to Propagate into Seepage Erosion Mechanisms." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/858.

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Seepage barriers have been used extensively to mitigate seepage problems in dams and levees. Although the design of many of these dams and levees has been based on intact barriers, seepage barriers have been shown to be susceptible to deformation and cracking when high differential hydraulic pressures act across the barrier. Under certain conditions, these cracks can lead to serious seepage problems, which could potentially lead to the development of a low-resistance seepage pathway. Three scenarios have been identified where there is the potential for erosion to occur adjacent to a crack in a barrier: 1) erosion at the interface between a fine-grained soil and a course-grained soil, 2) erosion of overlying soil due to flow along a joint in bedrock, and 3) erosion of the barrier material. The objective of this study is to investigate the first mode of erosion and identify the conditions at which more serious seepage problems can develop. The research has been performed using a laboratory model to simulate conditions near a seepage barrier crack under the scenarios described above. The results from the laboratory testing were compared to finite element seepage models for each scenario to estimate the flow velocities near the crack. The flow velocities were compared to estimated critical velocities of the soil to asses where erosion is likely to occur. A comparison was made between the observed behavior in the model and the behavior predicted with the computer model. The results of the research will be used to develop a method to assess the potential for erosion to occur and develop into a failure mode based on conditions near seepage barrier cracks.

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Johansson, Sam. "Seepage monitoring in embankment dams." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1997. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-2477.

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Internal erosion, which is one of the major reasons forembankment dam failure, causes an increased seepage flow due toloss of fines. A seepage measuring system is therefore a vitalpart of an embankment dams monitoring system. Manyexisting seepage monitoring systems are not however sensitiveenough to detect small changes in the seepage flow. Temperatureand resistivity measurements represent two methods for seepagemonitoring in embankment dams. They are able to detect effectscaused by time dependent processes such as internal erosion,where the relative accuracy is more important than the absoluteaccuracy. Temperature can normally be easily measured inexisting standpipes. Resistivity measurements are morecomplicated; they require a computer-based monitoring systemand minor technical installations on the dam.

The temperature in an embankment dam depends mainly on thetemperature in the air and the water temperature in theupstream reservoir. These two temperatures vary seasonally andcreate temperature waves propagating through the dam. Theseepage rate, and its change with time, can be evaluated frommeasurements repeated at regular intervals. The sensitivity ofthe method depends mainly on the distance between the dam crestand the measurement point, the size of the dam, the location ofthe standpipes, and the temperature variation in the reservoirat the inflow level. The seepage detection level of the methodis about 1 ml/sm2 for a typical Swedish dam with a height ofabout 30 m. The detection level depends linearly on the damheight. Results from field measurements show that the methodgives reasonable information concerning the condition of thedam. Zones with anomalous seepage rates have been located andseepage flow rates have been quantified. Changes in the seepageflow rate as well as the seepage pathway have also beenobserved.

The resistivity of the ground depends mainly on theporosity, saturation and clay content. When reservoir waterseeps through a dam, the properties of the water in thereservoir will also affect the resistivity in the dam. Theresistivity of the reservoir water is temperature dependent,but it is also a function of the total dissolved solids. Boththese parameters vary seasonally and this causes variations inthe dam. The seepage flow can be evaluated from the resistivitydata using methods similar to those employed for seepageevaluation from temperature data. The sensitivity is similar tothat of the temperature method but the resolution and accuracyis lower. Zones with anomalous leakage can be located. Groundpenetrating radar and borehole radar methods are based on themeasurement of material dependent properties. These are lesssensitive to seepage changes than flow dependent parameters.The relatively high accuracy obtained by borehole radarmeasurements compensates however for their lower sensitivity toporosity changes. Borehole radar based on tomographic analysiscan be a valuable method for mapping areas with increased andanomalous porosity formed as a consequence of increased seepageand internal erosion.

Key words:embankment dams, internal erosion, seepagemonitoring, temperature, resistivity, ground penetratingradar

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Martysevich, Volha. "Seepage rates in closed basins." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002706.

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Staud, Benjamin T. "Seepage through longitudinal drainage trenches." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1405.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2000.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 134 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 75).

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Lam, Ting-hong. "Effects of seepage on soil behavior." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2010. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B4423630X.

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Millette, Denis. "Reclamation of canal seepage affected land." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59411.

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Deep interceptor drains are commonly used to control canal seepage in southern Alberta, Canada. Recently, shallow grid drainage was introduced. A study was initiated in 1987 to assess the effectiveness of grid drainage to intercept canal and natural groundwater seepage and reclaim the resulting saline affected land.
Using a groundwater flow model, MODFLOW, it was found that a single deep interceptor drain would have failed to intercept all canal seepage and maintain the water table downslope of the canal below the 1.0 m design water table depth. Conversely, simulations indicated that with a grid drainage system, all canal and natural groundwater seepage would be intercepted and the water table would remain below the design water table depth, with or without irrigation recharge that would maintain a steady state salt balance.
The benefits of fall irrigation were demonstrated using three test plots near the canal.

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Lam, Ting-hong, and 林廷康. "Effects of seepage on soil behavior." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4423630X.

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8

Sleep, Matthew David. "Analysis of Transient Seepage Through Levees." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40356.

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Levees are a significant part of the United States flood protection infrastructure. It is estimated that over 100,000 miles of levees exist in the United States. Most of these levees were designed many years ago to protect farmland and rural areas. As growth continues in the United States, many of these levees are now protecting homes and other important structures. The American Society of Civil Engineers gave the levees in the United States a grade of D- in 2009. To bring flood protection up to modern standards there requires adequate methods of evaluating levees with respect to seepage, erosion, piping and slope instability. Transient seepage analyses provide an effective method of evaluating seepage through levees and its potentially destabilizing effects. Floods against levees usually last for days or weeks. In response to a flood, pore pressures within the levee will change from negative (suction) to positive as the phreatic surface progresses through the levee. These changes can be calculated by finite element transient seepage analyses. In order for the transient seepage analysis to be valid, appropriate soil properties and initial conditions must be used. The research investigation described here provides simple and practical methods for estimating the initial conditions and soil properties required for transient seepage analyses, and illustrates their use through a number of examples.
Ph. D.

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Field, Jason Paul. "Comparative Effectiveness of Conventional Trenches and Seepage Pits for Treatment of Septic Tank Effluent." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2003. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_etd_hy0006_m_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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Rice, John David. "A Study on the Long-Term Performance of Seepage Barriers in Dams." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30034.

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In a vast majority of cases, seepage barriers increase the reliability of dams. However, it is important to recognize that seepage barriers often drastically increase hydraulic gradients around the boundaries of the barrier, and through any windows or defects in the barrier. The result is increased water pressures and hydraulic gradients behind and around the barrier. These increased pressures and gradients have potential to provide the catalyst for initiation of several modes of internal erosion that were either unlikely or less likely without the seepage barrier. As a consequence, seepage barriers give rise to the potential for additional mechanisms of internal erosion and piping in the dam and the foundation. Mechanisms of erosion and piping that are uniquely related to seepage barriers have been investigated through review of measured performance of existing dams, and through analytical studies. A compendium of 30 case studies of dams that have had seepage barriers in place for over 10 years has been assembled, and observations and insights garnered from these case studies were compiled. Finite element seepage and deformation analyses have been performed to provide better understanding of the performance of seepage barriers and the mechanisms that affect their performance. Based on the findings from the case studies and analyses, potential failure modes specific to dams with seepage barriers were identified, and the sequences of events required for the propagation of these failure modes were developed. The observations and insights acquired in this study were distilled into conclusions regarding the long-term performance of dams with seepage barriers. The information derived from this study will be useful in 1) assessing the potential for internal erosion and piping developing in dams with seepage barriers, 2) designing to minimize that possibility, and 3) assessing the risks associated with these mechanisms of erosion and piping. It is envisioned that the results of this study will provide dam owners and engineers with a better understanding of the issues involved with dams having seepage barriers and that this understanding will lead to improved practices in assessing, designing, and monitoring of dam seepage barriers. In addition, by improving the means by which seepage barriers can be assessed and designed, it is hoped that the confidence level that dam engineers have with regard to properly designed seepage barriers will be increased, and that properly designed seepage barriers can be viewed as safe and viable alternatives for mitigation of seepage problems.
Ph. D.

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11

Kakarla, Kishan. "Numerical analysis of seepage in earth slopes." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4078.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 150 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 72-73).

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Li, Maoxin. "Seepage induced instability in widely graded soils." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/862.

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Internal instability of a widely graded cohesionless soil refers to a phenomenon in which its finer particles migrate within the void network of its coarser particles, as a result of seepage flow. Onset of internal instability of a soil is governed by a combination of geometric and hydromechanical constraints. Much concern exists for embankment dams and levees built using soils with a potential for internal instability. Migration of finer particles to a boundary where they can exit, by washing out, may cause erosion or piping failure and, occasionally, induce collapse of these soil structures. There is a need, in professional practice, to better understand the phenomenon and to develop improved methods to evaluate the susceptibility of a soil. A series of permeameter tests was performed on six widely-graded cohesionless materials. The objectives are to assess the geometric indices proposed for evaluation of susceptibility, and examine hydromechanical factors influence the onset of internal instability. A modified slurry mixing technique, with discrete deposition, was found satisfactory for reconstitution of the homogeneous saturated test specimens. The onset of internal instability was founded to be triggered by a combination of effective stress and hydraulic gradient. The finding yields a hydromechanical envelope, unique for a particular gradation shape, at which internal instability initiated. Three commonly used geometric criteria were comprehensively evaluated with reference to these experimental data and also a database compiled from the literature. The relative conservatism of each criterion was examined and a modified semi-empirical geometric rule then proposed based on the capillary tube model. A theoretical framework for plotting the hydromechanical envelope was established based on an extension of the α concept of Skempton and Brogan, and subsequently verified by test data. Finally, a novel unified approach was proposed to assess the onset of internal instability, based on combining geometric and hydromechanical indices of a soil.

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Ozbek, Selim Emre. "Numerical Modeling of Seepage in Koyunbaba Dam." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1512481079405287.

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Brown, Jacqueline. "Surging Seepage: A Triple Bond Accretion System." VCU Scholars Compass, 2008. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1481.

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My current work revels in a state of flux. I strive for the work to be electrically charged, conveying a feverish sense of immediacy and vitality that implies motion and frenetic energy. The work is an accretion of brightly colored biomorphic forms that extend out from the wall and onto the floor. Viscous parts ooze and drip while others are globular and bulbous. The hyper-organic forms suggest a paradoxical state of both ripening and rotting, becoming and unbecoming. The work is an attempt to traverse between seemingly divergent constructs, some of which include: growth and decay, the artificial and the natural, the body and the landscape, the infinite and the miniscule, and the real and the imagined. I intend for the works to be suggestive of mutation, of systems becoming cross-wired and melting into each other.

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Molina, Katerine N. "Seepage Evaluations in Cache Valley Irrigation Canals." DigitalCommons@USU, 2008. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/424.

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Estimation of seepage was done in 39 selected reaches of 11 irrigation canals in the Logan and Blacksmith Fork Irrigation Systems of Cache Valley, Utah. The measurements were performed from June to October, 2008, which includes part of the irrigation season for these canals. The inflow-outflow method was used to measure seepage, in which area and velocities were measured under steady flow conditions. Velocity measurements were done with an acoustic flow meter and the mean velocity was determined using the reduced-point method (velocity measurements at 0.2, 0.6 and or 0.8 of the depth from the water surface). As a result, reaches with the highest seepage losses were identified. Gaining streams, losing streams, and gaining-losing streams were also identified. Spatial variation was observed along each canal in which a descending trend of the mean seepage loss was found in the downstream direction. Additionally, spatial variation was found between canals, the reaches located in the east part of Logan city presented higher seepage losses than reaches on the west side of the city. Temporal variations were identified by a monthly comparison of seepage losses within reaches which indicated higher seepage losses during late July and August of 2008. Additionally, this report presents comments about the performance of the FlowTracker® ADV® in the present project.

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16

Seger, Emily M. "Seepage Lake Chemistry as an Indicator of Climate Change." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/SegerEM2004.pdf.

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Sale, Thomas Clay. "Model for prediction of seepage from small unlined water impoundments." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1985_36_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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18

Mathieu, James T. Jr, and T. C. Jim Yeh. "EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF SEEPAGE THROUGH HETEROGENEOUS POROUS MEDIA." Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614168.

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Five sand tank experiments were conducted to investigate the behavior of unsaturated flow in heterogeneous porous media and to test the recent stochastic theories of Yeh et al. (1985a, b. c) and Mantoglou et al. (1987a, b, c) on flow through unsaturated porous media. The hydraulic properties @(w) and K(0) of the medium and coarse sand used in the experiments were measured with various laboratory columns. Fourteen medium and coarse sands were alternately layered in the 2.38 m long x 1.12 m high x 0.1 m thick sand tank. Water was infiltrated from a point source for three of five experiments and from a channel source for two experiments. An array of 62 tensiometers were used to record the capillary tension head distribution during each experiment. The wetting front profiles for the first experiment show the stratified sand effects both the development and dissipation of preferential flow paths. The experimental results qualitatively support stochastic theory of saturation dependent anisotropy. Three of the five experiments agree with the stochastic result of Yeh et al. (1985a and b) that an increase in the variance of the capillary tension head (soil becomes drier) is proportional to an increase in the mean tension head.

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19

Kiriakidis, Longhi Ricardo Constantino. "Seepage in earth slopes with longitudinal drainage trenches." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2002. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2555.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2002.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 210 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-101).

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20

Agyei, Festus O. "TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF RIVERBED CONDUCTANCE AT THE BOLTON WELLFIELD ALONG THE GREAT MIAMI RIVER, SOUTHWEST OHIO." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1166069378.

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21

Kiriakidis, Longhi Ricardo Constantino. "Experimental and numerical investigation of seepage into longitudinal drains." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4773.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2006.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xx, 320 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 156).

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22

Braithwaite, Nathan E. "Laboratory modeling of erosion potential of seepage barrier material." Thesis, Utah State University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1535674.

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Seepage barriers have been used extensively to mitigate seepage problems in dams and levees. Although the designs of many of these dams and levees have been based on intact seepage barriers, seepage barriers have been shown to be susceptible to deformation and cracking when high differential hydraulic pressures act across the barrier. Cracking and deformation have also been observed due to thermal expansion and contraction during seepage barrier curing. Under certain conditions, a crack can lead to serious seepage problems, which could potentially lead to the development of a low-resistance seepage pathway. Three scenarios have been identified where there is potential for erosion to occur adjacent to a crack in a barrier: 1) erosion at the interface between a fine-grained soil and a course-grained soil, 2) erosion of overlying soil due to flow along a joint in bedrock, and 3) erosion of the barrier material itself. Previous studies have investigated the first mode of erosion and studies are underway to look into the second mode. The objective of this study is to investigate the third mode of erosion and to identify the conditions under which serious seepage problems can develop. The question considered was whether the combination of highly permeable material adjacent to a crack in a seepage barrier and a large differential head across the barrier combine to develop a velocity within the crack that is erosive to the seepage barrier material. Laboratory tests have been performed on a variety of seepage barrier materials to assess the potential for cracks to develop a preferred seepage path leading to a serious seepage problem. The results of this study will be useful in risk assessment studies of dams and levees with existing seepage barriers as well as in the design of new seepage barriers. Having knowledge of the conditions under which problems may occur will aid in the selection of seepage barrier types for new barriers, placement of instrumentation to monitor new and existing barriers, and mitigation of existing barriers where problems have been identified. The data provided will assist engineers in quantitatively assessing the potential for the propagation of critical seepage problems from cracks in seepage barriers.

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Estepho, Mathiew. "Seepage Induced Consolidation Test : characterization of mature fine tailings." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45786.

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Managing oil sand slurry tailings waste is a significant issue in the oil sands industry and thus accurate characterization of the tailings is required. Conventional soil characterization tests usually involve one or more limiting assumptions such as small strains and constant coefficients of consolidation and hydraulic conductivity. These limitations are significant when testing low density slurries such as dredged soils and mining waste. One unconventional test in particular, the Seepage Induced Consolidation Test (SICT) has been shown to accurately determine compressibility and permeability relations for low density slurries. The SICT was first constructed at the Colorado University (CU) in Boulder, Colorado and has been used for the past two decades to characterize phosphate slurry tailings. Over the last two years a SICT was constructed at the University of British Columbia to provide accurate consolidation characterization of oil sand waste, in particular, mature fine tailings (MFT). Benchmark testing was initially performed on kaolinite clay at the UBC laboratory and results showed the test was repeatable and comparable to results obtained at CU. Test results on MFT at UBC also proved to be in agreement with published data from CU. The use of the SICT helps in the understanding of MFT and the characterization results can be directly used in into large strain consolidation modeling such as CONDES0 1D and SoilVision’s SVOffice 1D, 2D, and 3D software programs. These and other similar models, which are dependent on the compressibility and permeability relations from the SICT, can be used in the design of waste disposal strategies at every stage of a mining project.

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Gobin, Roger Siad 1966. "Analysis of seepage erosion and stability problems in geomechanics." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282201.

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In this study, a two dimensional finite element model is developed to analyze the effects of seepage and traction on slope stability. The finite element model was used to determine the failure mechanisms associated with tractive and seepage induced failures. Limit equilibrium models were then developed to model both seepage and tractive erosion based on the failure mechanisms indicated by the finite element model. A conceptual model to qualitatively predict the effects of changes in flow regime on the stability of sandbars within recirculating zones was also developed. The finite element model uses Biot's coupled stress-pore water pressure theory to simulate the effects of transient loading conditions on the stresses, phreatic surface variations and displacements within a soil mass. The finite element model's simulations of various events recorded on Grand Canyon sandbars compared favorably with field data. A limit equilibrium model to simulate seepage effects on homogeneous slopes was developed. It is shown that at the seepage surface, the magnitude and direction of the seepage vector are uniquely related and are not independent variables as was previously assumed in the literature. Seepage parallel to the slope is shown to result in the minimum stable seepage slope. Static liquefaction is shown to be possible for a range of seepage directions, depending on the unit weight of the soil. The conceptual model relates the qualitative effects of changes in the flow regime to the geometry of sandbars within recirculating zones. The effects of changes in discharge on the characteristics of the recirculating zones are related to sandbar stability. The predictions of the conceptual model compared favorably with the observed behavior of Grand Canyon sandbars.

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Murrie, W. Trevor. "Infiltration and surface ponding on a sand-based sportsfield." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26502.

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The thesis addresses the problem of ponding as it pertains to sand-based sportsfields. The Lower Premier Sportsfield, in the District of North Vancouver, was specifically studied. It is located in a high rainfall location. The hypothesis is that a 'surface layer' at the top of the soil profile was directly responsible for the reduced surface infiltration necessary for the ponding observed. The accumulation and compaction of detrital organic matter within the pore space of this layer was assumed to be the source of the ponding problem. Pond depth hydrographs were derived from field measurements to illustrate the behaviour of the pond in response to various rainfall conditions. Furthermore, a semi-empirical model was devised to determine the water balance of the pond for an incident rainfall event. Results from the model show that overland flow from the area concentrically adjacent to the pond contributed approximately four times as much water to the pond as was contributed directly by rainfall. From the analysis, it was determined that a low 'surface layer' saturated hydraulic conductivity, of the order of 10⁻⁸ m.s⁻¹ was necessary for this to occur. Recommendations emphasize preventative management that limits the accumulation of detrital plant matter and the employment of groundskeeping techniques to control the formation of the hydrologically restrictive 'surface layer'. Furthermore, to avoid the concentration of surface runoff, it is essential that surface.
Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate

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Barrett, Gary Edward. "Infiltration in water repellent soil." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28618.

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Observations made at Goat Meadows - a small sub-alpine basin located near Pemberton, British Columbia -demonstrated that a layer which is either water repellent or has only a limited affinity for water is present at most vegetated sites. The layer is typically a few centimetres in thickness, and is usually located at or near the top of the profile: it was present only in the zone of accumulation of organic matter. The spatial distribution of the layer did not appear to be related to the distribution of any particular species of plant. Sampling of sub-alpine sites in the Cascade, Selkirk, and Purcell Mountains indicated that such layers are common in the alpine - sub-alpine ecotone of southern British Columbia. The relationship between ponding depth and infiltration rate was explored through experiments conducted on samples collected near Ash Lake, in Goat Meadows. These samples were chosen for analysis because the repellent layer was in excess of thirty centimetres thick at this site. Infiltration rates remained below 2x10⁻⁹ m/s for all samples, even given ponding depths of up to forty centimetres. Breakthrough of liquid water was not observed, even after one month, which implies that most of the infiltration occurred as vapour transfer. In order to observe the movement of liquid water through water repellent media, a plexiglas cell was constructed. A synthetic water repellent sand with uniform surface properties was used as the medium. It was found that up to some critical depth, there was no entry of water into the medium. As the ponding depth was increased in steps, the front would advance in steps: it remained stationary between these step-increases in ponding depth. As the front advanced, protuberances or "fingers" began to develop. At some critical ponding depth, a finger would grow without bound. These observations pose a challenge to existing models of infiltration, since it appears that heterogeneity at the scale of individual pores must be invoked to explain them, but it is usually assumed that the properties of a porous medium are continuous at this scale. The thermodynamics of filling and emptying of pores is considered with emphasis on the effects of pore shape and of variations in the physicochemical properties at the scale of the pore. This thermodynamic analysis provides the conceptual basis for development of a model of infiltration in which pore-scale heterogeneity is preserved. Although it was not developed as such, the model follows the approach of cellular automata, in which local relations between pores or "cells" govern the behaviour of the system. The model replicated the observations of infiltration into synthetic water repellent porous media well: both the halting advance of the front as the ponding depth was increased and the development of fingers were simulated. The fact that such complex behaviour was predicted using only a simple set of physically based rules confirms the power of the approach.
Arts, Faculty of
Geography, Department of
Graduate

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Li, C. O. "Finite element analyses of seepage and stability problems in geomechanics." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233378.

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Mavroulidou, Maria. "Numerical modelling of seepage in the presence of phreatic surfaces." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301110.

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THA, PEDRO DE CARVALHO. "STUDY OF SEEPAGE CONDITIONS THROUGH ITAIPU LEFT BANK EARTHFILL DAM." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=11080@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
A barragem de Itaipu consiste em uma série de estruturas cujo comprimento total é de 7744 m. Uma dessas estruturas é a Barragem de Terra da Margem Esquerda (BTME), cuja extensão é de 1989 m. A BTME está fundada diretamente sobre o solo do local, que consiste em um perfil de intemperismo de basalto, indo desde argila, na superfície, à rocha sã. Seu comportamento é monitorado por 9 piezômetros elétricos, 26 piezômetros standpipe, 12 medidores de nível d`água e seis medidores de vazão. Os medidores de vazão foram inicialmente projetados para medir a água de percolação pelo corpo da barragem. Para tanto, a barragem dispõe de um sistema de canaletas para coletar a água que sai dos filtros internos e conduzi-la aos medidores. Contudo, só ocorre saída de água pelos filtros em pequenos trechos da barragem e não se tinha conhecimento da origem das águas medidas, pois ao longo da operação da usina, alterações foram feitas para drenar áreas alagadas e a água de drenagem foi conduzida ao sistema de canaletas. O objetivo desta dissertação é identificar a origem das águas medidas pelos medidores de vazão e entender como se dá o fluxo pela fundação e corpo da barragem de terra da margem esquerda. Para tanto, utilizou-se um modelo em elementos finitos, com o programa SEEP/W, para oito seções instrumentadas da barragem e procedeu-se correlações estatísticas entre todos os instrumentos da BTME. A principal conclusão obtida foi de que os medidores de vazão medem primordialmente água do reservatório que infiltra pelas fundações e que apenas uma parcela da água infiltrada é medida.
The Itaipu dam consists of a series of different structures with a total length of 7744m. One of these structures is the Left Bank Earthfill Dam (LBED), whose length is 1989m. The LBED is founded directly in the local soil, which consists of a residual soil of basalt. The behaviour of the earthdam is monitored by 9 electric piezometers, 26 standpipe piezometers, 12 water level indicators and 6 flow meters. The flow meters were initially designed to measure the seepage through the dam body. For this purpose, the dam has a system of ditches to collect the water from the internal filters and to lead the water until a flow meter. However, there is water leaving the internal filters just in a little portion of the dam. In addition, there was no knowledge of the origin of the water that is measured in the flow meters, because many alterations were made in the operation of the dam to drain flooded areas. The drained water was conducted to the system of ditches. This work aims to identify the origin of the water measured in the flow meters and understand the seepage through the dam and its foundation. For this purpose a Finite Element Method analysis for eight instrumented sections was performed using the SEEP/W program. In addition, statistical correlations between data from all instrumentation of the LBED and rainfall were made. The main conclusion is that most of the water measured in the flow meters comes from the reservoir through the foundation. And only a little amount of the total seepage through the foundation is measured.

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30

Abrishami, J. "An investigation into the flow of water in partially saturated sands and its representation using finite element." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376617.

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31

Salem, Hicham. "A Practical Approach to the Erodibility of Cohesive Soils." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39673.

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A set of solutions to the cohesive soil erosion problem were developed through this study. A first device, the Erosionometer, was developed to perform a quick and reliable test to determine the critical shear stress of soils. The Erosionometer is based on physical shearing of the soil surface and has been calibrated through comparison with piston flume measurements of critical shear stress for entrainment of various fluvial bed sediments. This device is portable, easy to deploy in the field and in the laboratory and allows engineers and researchers to cover a sizeable terrain by performing many tests in a short timeframe, with immediate results. A modification to the Erosionometer was made to allow for subjecting the soil sample to a pressure differential while testing for critical shear stress. The added functionality is intended for investigating the effect of pressure gradient on the erodibility of cohesive soils by allowing for the erosion test to be conducted under a high pressure head while the other face of the sample (away from the flow) is maintained at zero head. Testing demonstrated that a positive pressure gradient on the eroding side (high pressure on flow side) can significantly increase the critical shear stress of cohesive soils, which is in line with other research available in the literature. The results show a simple linear relation between pressure differential and critical shear stress. Practical implications of these results are discussed. A second device, the Erosion Rate Meter, or ERM, was developed to test cohesive soil samples to determine the rate of erosion under various levels of bed shear stress. This device, while being portable and fast to setup and run, is a very realistic simulation of the flow-bed interaction and allows for a direct measurement of bed shear stress on the soil sample and a precise measurement of the erosion rate. An obvious outcome of using the ERM is the easy development of erosion rate vs. bed shear stress relationships or models to characterize the different soils for design projects or further research. Of the 16 tested cohesive soils, all but two demonstrated a linear relation between erosion rate and bed shear stress. The testing systems and methods developed in this research provide a comprehensive solution to the erodibility of cohesive soils from investigation to design. Significant improvements are achieved over existing systems in the speed, reliability, accuracy, and cost of estimating the erodibility of cohesive soils.

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32

Holmqvist, Marcus, and Marcus Gunnteg. "Seepage, Solute transport and Strain-stress Analysis of Ashele Tailings Dams." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-237732.

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This master thesis has been conducted through cooperation between Elforsk, Uppsala University and Tsinghua University in Beijing. Ashele Tailings Dam, located in Haba Town, Xianjing Province, China, is designed and used for high sulphur tailings. Because of a new mineral separation technique, the dam is now also being filled with low sulphur tailings. Since the dam was not originally designed for the new tailings materials, the seepage and stress-strain analyses of the dam need to be re-evaluated and refined. The Ashele Ltd. is also planning on building a new dam to meet its growing need for tailings deposit capacity. This dam will be used for the new low sulphur tailings and a thorough analysis of the dam will have to be performed.The purpose of this thesis is to re-evaluate the analyses of the seepage and stress-strain in the old dam and to perform the same type of analyses on the newdam. Numerical analyses of the seepage, solute transport and strain-stress in the dam are performed, using the physical and mechanical properties of the tailings materials. It is shown, that the construction of the new tailings dam, will have a good effect on the seepage and therefore also solute transport. The results also show that theseepage, solute transport, stress and deformation are depending on the amount ofwater in the tailings pond and that a lower water level has a positive effect on all thestudied variables.

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33

Story, Brian T. "Canal seepage reduction using anionic polyacrylamide field and bench-scale tests /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1317346011&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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34

Crawford-Flett, Kaley A. "An improved hydromechanical understanding of seepage-induced instability phenomena in soil." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46709.

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35

Jeyisanker, Kalyani. "Analysis of Water Seepage Through Earthen Structures Using the Particulate Approach." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002783.

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36

Long, Lauren M. "Evidence of geologic phosphorus from groundwater seepage to Newnans Lake, Florida." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0041275.

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37

詹坤哲. "Debris flows induced by seepage." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97354349805895200038.

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碩士
國立中興大學
水土保持學系
92
A flume experiment with a finite slope of soil body was taken to study seepaged slope failure and the movement of destruct soil mass. The results were obtained as following: 1.The more the soil body was affected by the seepage or the higher the water level was in the soil body, the flatter the gradient of soil body failure area was. 2.According to the experiment, the critical value of limited slope failure was developed on the basis of the seepage theory as follow. tanψ≦tanθd+{(iρw)/[(H/h)2-1]ρd+ρˊ} 3.DiffeH＝ height of the soil body h= water level β= gradient of the slope i= hydraulic gradient θd=the gradient of soil body failure area ψ= angle of soil internal friction ρd= specific gravity of dry soil ρw= specific gravity of water ρˊ= density of waterlogged soil rent compactness of soil body affected slope failure and induced different movements of debris flow.

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38

Zhen-MingWu and 吳哲銘. "Two Dimensional Experiments on Seepage Hammer." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37800008827327819591.

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碩士
國立成功大學
水利及海洋工程學系
104
In Taiwan, the effect of climate change on extreme rainfall and the frequent earthquakes causing highly unstable slope lead to severe landslide disaster especially large-scale landsildes. As we all know that rainfall is the main reason to cause large-scale landslides. Also, many cases and papers indicate that the internal pore water pressure is a reason to decrease strength (of slope?) and exacerbate the landslides. To further explore the occurrence mechanism of large-scale landslides, this study aims to design the two-dimensional flame experiments and compare with simulation by Geo-Studio software and observe the phenomenon of seepage hammer on the slope. The results of experiment in this study discovered the seepage hammer of unsaturated infiltration under different physical conditions (i.e., the different intensity of pore water pressure and the length of time) and revealed soil effective stress changed by the different pore water pressure. Furthermore, by using Geo-Studio software, the changes of pore water pressure on the slope can be simulated suitably. In the future, the constructed slope model can be applied to analyze the movement, deformation and stability in two-dimensions landslides and describes the influence of hydraulic conditions inside the slope, which can be a previous study of large-scale landslides for building early warning system.

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39

Chen, Chung-Fa, and 陳進發. "Seepage Simulation for Nanhua Earth Dam." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2s5tpn.

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碩士
逢甲大學
土木及水利工程所
90
We have got the monitoring datas of Nanhau earth dam. According to these monitoring datas. We got the distributions of the total head pressure and pore pressure. This study we used software package Seep2D model of the GMS to simulate stable type seepage. We compared and explored each other crossly by the results of simulations and monitoring datas. In order to understand the differences by this two datas. The results of the simulations and monitoring datas are almost the same at up and down stream. But the errors reach to 13% at the central parts of the earth dam, the reason is the central part of the earth dam was over compacted.（during the construction of dam） Totally speaking, we proof this model can be used to simulate the dam’s seepage. This is a great assistance for the dam’s safe-assessment by simulation of the whole dam’s distributions of the pore pressure and total head pressure.

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40

Kalin, Margaret, and M. P. Smith. "Biological amelioration of acidic seepage streams." 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/12554.

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Wetland and lake sediments provide conditions where microbial sulphate reduction and biomineralization occur. These processes can assist in the amelioration of acid mine drainage emerging from pyritic mining wastes. The biological neutralization of mine water however, requires specific conditions that allow anaerobic and aerobic decomposition of organic materials to take place, together with alkalinity generation and sulphate reduction. This paper reports on the work leading up to the construction of a test facility in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. A 4-cell test system was installed where flow can be controlled from a minimum of 1.4 - 3 L/min to a maximum of 150 - 200 L/min. The seepage characteristics in the system have been determined in order to define the physical, chemical, and biological requirements for the process.

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41

Tsai, Chih-Ying, and 蔡志盈. "Application of Element Free Method on Seepage." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60054200633826314395.

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碩士
國立中央大學
土木工程研究所
90
ABSTRACT A computer code based on the element free method to simulate the seepage behavior is developed in this research. Comparisons, specifically on accuracy and efficiency, are made between the newly developed code and the Lagrange finite element program SEEP. In analyzing unconfined flow problems, remesh is general used in finite element code as is in the SEEP. Besides, construction of the initial element mesh for the input data file is more or less time consuming. Element free method is a meshless numerical technique based on the concept of Moving Least Squares, which interpolates the data of various nodal points within the domain to be analyzed. Shape functions, similar to those in the finite element method, are formed based on a base function and a weight function along with related nodal data for each reference point. Connectivity between nodes and elements is thus freed and saves efforts for the related input. The influence circle is sometimes obstructed by the boundary due to various geometry of analyzing domain and a rule of determining the nodal influence circle is developed. Gauss integration is used and its result is adjusted while the domain is not perfectly matched by the integration cell. An improved result is obtained by adding nodes on the line of seepage during iteration in simulating the seepage behavior of an earth dam.

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42

Chang, C. C., and 張仕祺. "Engineering Properties of Seepage Flows in Seawall." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76518935665444189332.

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43

Wu, Mao-Sung, and 巫茂松. "The seepage estimate of Liyutan Earth Dam." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79134220177179652624.

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碩士
國立中興大學
水土保持學系所
94
This study is the seepage estimate of Liyutan earth dam, seepage volume is the only one direct and sweeping reflects the earth dam condition on all over the dam monitoring. And it is the indication of the dam safety assessment. The actually seepage volume be affected by the reservoir elevation and precipitation, but dam safety is no relation with the seepage be affected by precipitation. The study use the new way to improve the seepage monitoring devices during initial rising of reservoir water elevation（1996/9-2006/4）,let the device avoid the caco3 in water and time/container method become automatic measuring system. To sieve the seepage data that haven’t be affected by precipitation and reservoir water elevation to seepage volume’s r(correlation Coefficient,)>0.85 from dry season, to establish all possible regression Analysis from data have been sieved, and select the best regression curve from them. The regression curve not only can estimate the seepage with reservoir water elevation but can become original condition index curve of dam. To establish the condition index curve regular, it can assess dam condition with different time, according to the result of condition index curve. The method is feasible and been proved by seepage data of before and after 921 earthquake. People can use this method to maintain and sustainable management reservoir. Keywords: liyutan, earth dam, seepage, correlation coefficient, regression analysis, condition index curve

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44

陳奕銓. "Studies on seepage flow along hillslope road." Thesis, 1991. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50224641063391310645.

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45

Lin, Ping-Hsien, and 林秉賢. "Simulation on Seepage Erosion of Soil Slopes." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03819990975007646419.

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碩士
國立中興大學
水土保持學系所
104
Seepage erosion behavior is due to groundwater seepage force. Groundwater seepage force moves slope soil particles, and therefore slope failure occurs potentially. According to previous experimental results, we found soil particles flow out from the slope after groundwater seepage started. Flowing of soil particles caused soil scouring and cavitation occurred at slope toe. The slope soil particles on cavitation location collapsed because of the loss of support. To decrease slope failure problems due to soil seepage erosion, we need to learn more about soil seepage erosion behavior. Simulation of soil seepage erosion behavior is mainly based on sandbox test. Although there are many researches about seepage erosion behavior, the results indicate that sandbox tests are usually affected by the model sizes and experimental situations. We use numerical methods to simulate experimental results and study the mechanism of seepage erosion. In this study, we use PFC2D which is based on the discrete element method to simulate soil seepage erosion behavior. Particle flow is a continuous process, which is an advantage to simulating soil seepage erosion behavior with groundwater seepage force. Our results successfully simulate sandbox tests and show that the process of soil seepage erosion completely. It offers a new method which is easier and cheaper to simulate soil seepage erosion behavior and complete process and results.

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46

Wei-, Jhih Liao, and 廖偉志. "The Analysis of Seepage of Embankment Dam." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63402384414194185951.

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碩士
中國科技大學
土木與防災設計研究所
102
There are many embankment dams in Taiwan. The seepage of water flowing through the dams is regularly monitored to ensure the integrity of the embankment dams. The effects of core size and cutoff wall on the seepage are studied. The finite element method program PLAXIS 2D is used. The mesh configuration of the embankment dams is based on the Zengwun embankment dam and the coefficients of permeability of the dams are based on those of Hushan embankment dam. The seepage is assumed to be steady. The effect of variation of core sizes (category A), and location and length of cutoff wall (category B under the dam axis and category C shifting 100m to upstream side) on the seepage and pressure head are analyzed. Base on these three categories, the study also analyzes the effect of coefficients of permeability (isotropic and anisotropic) and filter condition (noninstalled and installed) on the seepage and pressure head. The results are compared with those obtained from analyzing the original embankment dam (category O) The results show the core sizes, cutoff wall, and coefficients of permeability all affect seepages and pressure head distribution. The seepage volume obtained from model A-1-III (maximum core size), A-2-III(medium core size), and A-3-III(minimum core size) compared to that obtained from model O-III is -32.42%, -13.27%, and -1.53%, respectively. This shows larger core size has a greater effect on seepage volume. The seepage volume obtained from model B-1-IV(50m depth), B-2-IV(100m depth),and B-1-IV(150m depth) compared to that obtained from model O-IV is -21.47%, -26.67%, and -33.65%, respectively. This shows deeper cutoff wall reduces greater amount of seepage volume. The seepage volume obtained from model C-1-IV(50m depth), C-2-IV(100m depth),and C-1-IV(150m depth) compared to that obtained from model O-IV is -21.59%, -28.14%, and -34.54%, respectively. This also shows deeper cutoff wall reduces greater amount of seepage volume. It is noted that the variation of cutoff wall location, with regards to same depth , has little effect on seepage volume.

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47

Chin-MinChen and 陳近民. "Study on Seepage Failure of Landslide-Dam." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60440932004900727303.

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碩士
國立成功大學
水利及海洋工程學系
102
Study on Seepage Failure of Landslide-Dam Chin-Min Chen Chjeng-Lun Shieh Department of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering, NCKU SUMMARY Landslide dams may fail due to overtopping, progressive or sudden failure of seepage. The peak discharge of flood produced by sudden failure of seepage is higher than other types. For practical application, a rapid and efficient assessment method for failure type of landslide dam is needed. By review of previous study, we conclude the factors be considered for evaluation. First, factors of overtopping and seepage failure include (a)Discharge; (b)Material properties of landslide dam; (c)Geometry of landslide dam. Second, factors of progressive and sudden failure of seepage include The Critical Stable Seepage Slope. To analyze and quantify the relation of each factor of different failure type of landslide dam, we carry out the 46 laboratory experiments. At first, discriminant function of overtopping and seepage failure is analyzed by experiment results. The correcting rate of discriminant function is 95.5%. Then, The Critical Stable Seepage Slope can evaluate seepage failure is progressive or sudden.The result have good agreement of 8 field site case. The study quantify the effect of geometry and hydrology parameters, the stability and failure type can be evaluated by quick evaluation of landslide dam. It could be helpful for emergency action of countermeasure of landslide dam. Key words: Landslide Dam, Failure Type, The Critical Stable Seepage Slope. INTRODUCTION Extreme earthquake and rainfall events may result in landslide dams. Landslide dams will block the river flow and form the lake. Landslide dams usually fail soon after the lake formation (Peng and Zhang, 2012), and cause downstream flooding. Failure type of landslide dam include overtopping, progressive and sudden failure of seepage. Although sudden failure of seepage is not common case, but the peak discharge is higher than other types.(Takahashi and Kuang, 1988; Awal et al., 2007). The main objective of this study is to evaluate failure type of landslide dam quickly by a rapid and efficient assessment method. We conclude the factors be considered for evaluation in this study, then to quantify the effect of geometry and hydrology parameters by 46 laboratory experiment results. Failure type of landslide dam can be evaluated after formation of landslide dam, it could be helpful for emergency action of countermeasure of landslide dam. MATERIALS AND METHODS By review of previous study, we conclude the factors be considered for evaluation. First, factors of overtopping and seepage failure include (a)Discharge; (b)Material properties of landslide dam; (c)Geometry of landslide dam. Second, factors of progressive and sudden failure of seepage include The Critical Stable Seepage Slope. At first, discriminant function of overtopping and seepage failure is analyzed by 46 experiment results. The correcting rate of discriminant function is 95.5%. Then, The Critical Stable Seepage Slope can evaluate seepage failure is progressive or sudden.The result have good agreement of 8 field site case. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In figure 1, X axis and Y axis are dimensionless parameters. Overtopping and seepage failure separated well by ( )( ), the factor was combined with discharge and landslide dam shape. Equation of discriminant function is , the correcting rate is 95.5%. And seepage failure can be evaluated by , when the factor increase gradually, progressive failure of seepage was transformd into sudden failure of seepage. Figure 2 is a rapid assessment method of landslide dam failure type. Collect Geometry and Hydrology parameters of landslide dam, and calculate relevant factors as ( )( ), . Then the result of landslide dam failure type can be provided after formation of landslide dam. CONCLUSION The study quantify the effect of geometry and hydrology parameters in failure type by 46 laboratory experiments. And the discriminant function of overtopping and seepage failure is based on experiment result, the correcting rate is 95.5%. Then seepage failure is progressive or sudden can be evaluated by The Critical Stable Seepage Slope. The failure type of landslide dam can be evaluated immediately by the rapid assesment method, then it could provide a plausible results after formation of landslide dam.

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48

Fu, Szu-Wei, and 傅思維. "Study on the factor of Seepage Erosion." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/login?o=dnclcdr&s=id=%22107NCHU5080026%22.&searchmode=basic.

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碩士
國立中興大學
水土保持學系所
107
The causes of many slope disasters are often related to the seepage behavior in soil. For instance, groundwater seepage may cause internal erosion of the soil. The soil particles are taken away by seepage water to form void or pipe. In addition , the earth pressure leads to the collapse of the overlying soil. In this study, we designed a set of apparatus that can add confining pressure to the outside of the specimen. In order to simulate the situation of sand in slopes. We investigated the critical seepage velocity of sands caused by seepage erosion failure under different confining pressure(20~80kPa), with different particle size distribution, size of outflow(1.13,2,3cm). Then a failure criterion for seepage erosion is developed based on the drag equation in fluid dynamics and confirm with experimental data. The experimental results show that the critical seepage velocity at failure is affected by the particle size distribution, size of outflow and the confining pressure. The theoretical results are compared well to the experimental data.

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49

Dorrance, David William. "Streaming potential and seepage meter studies at Upper Lake Mary near Flagstaff, Arizona." 1989. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1989_157_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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50

Cheng, Tah-Cheng, and 鄭答振. "Boundary Element Analysis for Seepage of Earth Dam." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76631445213660459810.

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