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1
He, Zhong-sheng, Rong Tang, Meng-jia Li, Meng-ran Jin, Cong Xin, Jin-fu Liu, and Wei Hong. "Response of Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters of Castanopsis kawakamii Seedlings to Forest Gaps." Forests 11, no. 1 (December 22, 2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11010021.
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Light is a major environmental factor limiting the growth and survival of plants. The heterogeneity of the light environment after gap formation in forest influences the leaf chlorophyll contents, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), and chlorophyll fluorescence, thus influencing the growth and regeneration of Castanopsis kawakamii seedlings. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of weak light on the photosynthetic physiology of C. kawakamii seedlings in forest gaps and non-gaps. The results showed that (1) the contents of chlorophyll a (Chl-a), chlorophyll b (Chl-b), and total chlorophyll (Chl-T) in forest gaps were lower than in non-gaps. Seedlings tended to increase chlorophyll content to absorb light energy to adapt to low light intensity in non-gap environments. (2) The Pn values of C. kawakamii seedlings in forest gaps were significantly higher than in non-gaps, and forest gaps could improve the seedlings’ photosynthetic capacity. (3) The C. kawakamii seedlings in forest gaps were more sensitive to weak light and control group treatment, especially the tall seedlings, indicating that seedlings require more light to satisfy their growth needs in the winter. The seedlings in non-gaps demonstrated better adaptability to low light intensity. The light intensity was not adequate in weak light conditions and limited seedling growth. We suggest that partial forest selection cutting could improve light intensity in non-gaps, thus promoting seedling growth and regeneration of C. kawakamii more effectively in this forest.
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Saha, P., MSU Bhuiya, B. Karmakar, M. Salim, B. Ahmed, P. Shil, and SK Roy. "Effect of Age and Storage Duration of Seedling on Growth and Yield of Wet Season Rice." Bangladesh Agronomy Journal 20, no. 1 (December 11, 2017): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/baj.v20i1.34882.
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The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy research field of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh from July to December 2013 to find out the effect of seedling age and storage duration on growth and yield of wet season rice. The experiment comprised of four ages of seedling (25, 30, 35 and 40-d-old) and four storage durations (0, 1, 2 and 3-days) of uprooted seedlings. Rice var. BRRI dhan52 was used as a test variety. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with 3 replications placing seedling age in the main plot and storage duration in the sub- plot. The effect of age and storage -duration of seedling, and their interaction were significant on growth parameters (shoot height, root length, number of tillers hill-1, leaf area index and crop growth rate), grain yield and straw yield. The growth parameters and yield exhibited a trend of decrease with the increase in seedling age and storage duration. All the growth parameters and yield showed highest value in the younger seedlings of 25-d-old with 0-day storage duration of uprooted seedlings while the lowest in the older seedlings of 40-d-old with 3-days of storage duration. The var.BRRI dhan52 produced the highest LAI (8.23), CGR (7.33 mg day-1 hill-1) and biomass (26.87 g) at 60, 45 and 60 days after transplanting. Grain yield reduced by 13, 19 and 37% of 30, 35 and 40-d-old seedlings, respectively compared to 25-d-old seedlings. In case of seedling storage, grain yield reduced by 5, 14 and 31% of 1, 2 and 3-d storage, respectively compared to 0-d storage. For optimum growth and yield of wet season rice, 25-d-old seedlings may be stored up to 1-day after uprooting taking into account the possible delay in transporting seedlings to the flood affected area from the nearby districts.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2017, 20(1): 45-56
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Kurdi, Rozheen H. Shabaan, and Sulaiman M. Kako Al-zebari. "Effect of Growth Regulators on Seedlings Growth of Apricot (prunus Armeniaca L.)." Journal of duhok university 25, no. 2 (October 2, 2022): 170–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26682/ajuod.2022.25.2.15.
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This study was conducted during the growing season of 2021 and 2022 in horticulture station located at Akre city center Duhok Iraqi Kurdistan region, the study was aimed to investigate the effect of growth regulators on seedling growth of apricot and determined the best concentration of Gibberellin, Benzyl adenine and Kinetin to improve vegetative growth of seedling of apricot . so it consisted of three concentration of GA3 (0, 250 and 500 mg.L-1), BA (0,150 and 300 mg.L-1), KIN (0,150 and 300 mg.L-1) on some vegetative growth characteristics of apricot seedlings (Prunus armeniaca L.).The best results include the following. apricot seedlings sprayed with different concentrations of GA3 significantly affected and gave the seedling height, number of leaves, dry weight, single leaf area and total chlorophyll. Also, seedling sprayed with different BA concentration effected significantly and gave the highest seedling diameter, number of leaves, single leaf area, and dry weight. Whereas seedling spray with different KIN concentrations significantly affected on seedling diameter and total chlorophyll. Generally, interaction between GA3 and KIN and interaction between GA3 and BA and the interaction between BA and KIN was effected significantly on most growth parameters. The best result was in the treatment (GA3 500 mg.L-1 + BA 300 mg.L-1 + KIN 150 mg.L-1) which significantly affected on all growth parameters (seedling height, seedling diameter, single leaf area, total chlorophyll, number of leaves and dry weight)
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Repáč, Ivan, Zuzana Parobeková, and Martin Belko. "Ectomycorrhiza-hydrogel additive enhanced growth of Norway spruce seedlings in a nutrient-poor peat substrate." Journal of Forest Science 68, No. 5 (May 26, 2022): 170–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/29/2022-jfs.
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Seedling quality is an important input affecting the outplanted seedling performance. Morphological attributes and association with symbiotic ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi belong to influential traits determining seedling quality. In this study, the effect of pre-sowing applied commercial additives Ectovit (containing hydrogel and ECM fungi), Mycorrhizaroots (ECM fungi and nutrients) and Vetozen (natural mineral fertilizer) on the growth and ectomycorrhiza formation of Norway spruce seedlings grown in nutrient-poor pure peat in an open nursery site was assessed. Two-year-old bareroot seedlings were transplanted into containers. No significant growth differences were detected between treatments for 1 + 0 seedlings but the values of growth parameters (root collar diameter; stem height; shoot, root and total dry weight) of Ectovit-inoculated seedlings were significantly higher than those in the other treatments including the control after the second (2 + 0 seedlings) and the third growing season (2 + 1). Root-to-shoot dry weight ratio and number of root tips were distinctly higher after the third year compared to the previous two years but they were not significantly different between treatments. Mycorrhizaroots and Vetozen did not have any significant effect on seedling development. Although the occurrence of treatment-specific ECM morphotype was detected in Ectovit-inoculated seedlings, the high total ECM colonization of roots in all treatments including the control indicated a crucial impact of naturally occurring fungi on ectomycorrhiza formation.
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Saani, Chinwe I., Joshua Kayode, Benson O. Ademiluyi, and M. Yoserizal Saragih. "Effect of Growth Media on Plumule Emergence and Early Seedling Growth of Monodora myristica." Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal 2, no. 4 (October 9, 2020): 436–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birex.v2i4.1257.
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The study investigated the emergence and early seedling development of Monodora myristica in six different growth media viz: mixture of river sand/top soil, river sand/saw dust, top soil/saw dust, saw dust only, top soil only and river sand only. Results obtained recorded highest percentage germination (63%) in seeds sown in saw dust only. Early seedling growth was observed for four months. The results of this study showed that seedlings sown in mixture of top soil/saw dust recorded highest mean plant height (16.83cm), stem girth ( 2.50mm), and leaf area (46.18cm2) at the end of the experimental time. Seedlings on top soil only had the highest number of leaves (3.89). River sand had the least seedling performance in all the growth parameters examined; plant height (13.27cm), stem collar girth (1.99mm), leaf length (8.61cm), leaf width (4.77cm) and leaf area (30.83cm2). The study established that the % emergence of Monodora myristica seedlings was best in saw dust medium while mixture of top soil/saw dusts is recommended for enhancing early seedling growth of this plant in the nursery.
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DJ, Bagyaraj. "Influence of am fungus funneliformis mosseae and k solubilizing bacterium bacillus mucilaginosus on the growth of tomato seedlings raised in pro trays Running head: influence of am fungi and ksb on the growth of tomato seedlings." Journal of Microbes and Research 1, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.58489/2836-2187/006.
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Raising vegetable seedlings in pro trays is becoming an innovative approach to produce quality seedlings in horticulture. The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect of AMF Funneliformis mosseae and K solubilizing bacterium Bacillus mucilaginosus singly and together in enhancing the growth of tomato seedlings raised in pro trays under polyhouse conditions. Different growth parameters like shoot and root length, total seedling length, stem diameter, dry weight of seedlings, biovolume index, plant strength, vigourindex, macro and micro nutrientuptake, mycorrhizal root colonization and the population of B. mucilaginosus in the root zone soil were monitored. Significantly higher shoot length,root length, stem diameter and biovolume indexwere recorded in the treatments inoculated with F. mosseae alone followed by B. mucilaginosus alone. Most of the plant growth parameters were significantly less in the dual inoculation treatment with F. mosseae + B. mucilaginosus compared to single inoculation with either of them. This brings out the negativeinfluence of the two inoculants on each other leading to a reducedeffect on plant growth.
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Sharma, R., and D. Rana. "Effect of growth media, seed size and depth of sowing on growth and quality of seedlings of physic nut (Jatropha curcas Linn.)." Indian Journal of Forestry 30, no. 4 (December 1, 2007): 467–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2007-9r89qz.
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A field experiment was carried out during summer season of 2004 to assess the effect of growth media, size and weight of seed and depth of seed sowing on the growth and quality of seedlings of Physic nut (Jatropha curcas Linn.). The analysis of data revealed that germination percentage (80.5%), final seedling stand before transplanting (75.6%), seedling height (90.50 cm), number of branches per seedling (1.93), collar diameter (2.61 cm), root total length per seedling (608 cm), leaf area per seedling (10597 cm2), total dry weight per seedling (164.2 g), total chlorophyll content (2.92 mg/g of tissue) and quality index (Dickson’s quality index and sturdiness quotient) of seedlings were significantly higher under raised seedbed of soil + FYM mixture (3:1 ratio) closely followed by raised seedbed of soil alone. Seedlings grown on polythene bags filled with soil + FYM mixture (3:1 ratio) recorded least values of all these parameters. Cost of nursery raising based on 5000 seedlings (Rs. 7660) was highest under polythene bags filled with soil + FYM mixture (3:1 ratio) while net returns (Rs. 6120) and benefit: cost ratio (1:21) was highest under raised seedbed of soil alone followed by raised seedbed of soil + FYM mixture (3:1 ratio). Negative net returns (Rs 1315) and benefit: cost ratio (-0.17) were recorded under polythene bags filled with soil + FYM mixture (3:1 ratio). Bold seeds sown at 3 to 4 cm depth produced significantly superior seedlings in terms of growth and quality parameters over the normal seeds sown at 5 to 6 cm depth. Bold seeds sown at 3 to 4 cm depth also improved economics of nursery raising over normal seeds sown at 5-6 cm depth.
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Jia, Kai, Cunyao Yan, Huizhuan Yan, and Jie Gao. "Physiological Responses of Turnip (Brassica rapa L. subsp. rapa) Seedlings to Salt Stress." HortScience 55, no. 10 (October 2020): 1567–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci15187-20.
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Turnip (Brassica rapa L. subsp. rapa) is a type of root vegetable belonging to the Brassica subspecies of Cruciferae. Salt stress is one of the main abiotic stresses that causes water deficit, ion toxicity, and metabolic imbalance in plants, seriously limiting plant growth and crop yield. Two commercial turnip cultivars, Wenzhoupancai and Qiamagu, were used to evaluate the seed germination and physiological responses of turnip seedlings to salt stress. NaCl was used to simulate salt stress. Parameters of seed germination, seedling growth, osmoregulation substances content, chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and other physiological parameters of turnip seedlings were measured after 7 days of salt stress. The results showed that salt stress reduced the seed germination rate, and that the seeds of ‘Wenzhoupancai’ were more sensitive to salt stress. Salt stress inhibited the growth of turnip seedlings. With the increased NaCl concentration, the seedling dry weight, seedling fresh weight, and seedling length of turnip decreased gradually. Under the salt stress treatment, the osmotic regulatory substances and antioxidant enzyme activity in the seedlings of turnip increased significantly. The chlorophyll content increased at a lower NaCl level, but it decreased when the level of NaCl was higher. Growth parameters of turnip seedlings had significant negative correlations with the reactive oxygen content, osmoregulation substances, and antioxidant enzyme activities, but they had positive correlations with chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content. These results indicated that salt stress-induced oxidative stress in turnip is mainly counteracted by enzymatic defense systems.
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Tumpa, Katarina, Antonio Vidaković, Damir Drvodelić, Mario Šango, Marilena Idžojtić, Ivan Perković, and Igor Poljak. "The Effect of Seed Size on Germination and Seedling Growth in Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.)." Forests 12, no. 7 (June 29, 2021): 858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12070858.
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The quantity and quality of seedlings in the nursery has an impact on the success of re-establishment and later growth. High germination rates enable a sufficient number of seedlings, and their quality is assessed using a number of parameters, including seedling height and root collar diameter. These parameters are influenced in some species by seed size, but the correlation between them is species-specific. The model species in this research was sweet chestnut (Castaneasativa Mill.), and seeds from 12 populations from two distinct biogeographical regions of Croatia were collected. We examined the influence of seed size on four parameters: germination rate, seedling height, root collar diameter and sturdiness quotient. Seed size has been shown to have a positive influence on both seedling height and root collar diameter, whereas no such correlation was noted for germination rate and sturdiness quotient. Significant differences in nut size and seedling growth parameters were found between the Mediterranean and continental populations, with higher values observed in the coastal Mediterranean populations. We concluded that seed origin and seed size have a significant impact on seedling growth and are important factors to consider when choosing seed material. Further nursery operations should consider seed origin and local environmental conditions when choosing seedlings for reforestation efforts and general forest operations.
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Nuryawan, A., S. Fatimah, K. S. Hartini, and N. Masruchin. "Experimental study on the utilization of residue from particleboard’s recycling activity." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 912, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/912/1/012069.
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Abstract Both solid and liquid residues derived from activity of particleboard (PB)’srecycling were investigated. The solid was attempted to make recycle particleboard (rPB) while the liquid was tried to use as fertilizer to seedling of Acacia crassicarpa. Objective of this study was to compare quality between PB and rPB and to evaluate seedling growth of A.crassicarpa exposed to liquid disposal from PB’s recycling activity. Methods of this study were consisted of testing of physical and mechanicalproperties of industrial PB, manufacturing rPB, and comparing the properties between PB and rPB. Prior to manufacture rPB, liquid disposal from PB’s recycling activity was released through water immersion of industrial waste’s PB comprised of predominant trimming residues. The liquid disposal was measured its nitrogen (N) content and then it was kept in a gallon for further use as fertilizer. Observation on growth parameters (height, diameter, leaves number and seedling’s strength) of both treated and untreated seedlings was conducted weekly for 2 months. Results of this study showed: 1)rPB was feasible to be produced but their quality was slightly decreased. 2) Liquid disposal during cyclist test and water immersion of PB’s residues contained 0.69% N. 3) Growth parameters of A.crassicarpa seedling showed response positively and significant statistically between treated and untreated seedlings. These findings suggested that both residues originated from PB’s recycling can be utilized further; the solid can be used as raw material of rPB while the liquid can be utilized as fertilizer to seedlings.
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Roden, Michael J., and Phillip E. Reynolds. "Site preparation with sulfonylurea herbicides improves black spruce seedling growth." Forestry Chronicle 72, no. 1 (February 1, 1996): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc72080-1.
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Metsulfuron (ALLY or ESCORT), 36 and 72 g ai ha−1, and sulfometuron (OUST), 150 to 450 g ai ha−1, were applied to a northern New Brunswick clearcut (silty clay loams and silty clays) to reduce raspberry [Rubus idaeus L. var. strigosus (Michx.) Maxim.] competition. Treatment, using skidder-mounted herbicide application equipment, occurred in May and August 1986, with planting of 2+2, bareroot, black spruce seedlings [Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.] in June 1986 and in June 1987. Seedling survival and growth were measured yearly for five growing seasons after planting. By August 1991, raspberry height was less in many treatments than in controls. Survival of seedlings planted one month after spring treatment was less than controls, and no significant height or stem diameter increases were observed. Growth and survival of seedlings planted approximately one year after spring treatment were greater than that of control seedlings. Fifth-year stem diameter of these seedlings, planted after site preparation with sulfometuron, was negatively correlated (r2 = 0.715) with raspberry height, decreasing as raspberry height increased. Survival of seedlings planted after some summer treatments was also less than controls, and no significant growth increases were noted for seedlings planted after site preparation with sulfometuron. Summer treatment with metsulfuron was more efficacious and resulted in greater seedling growth than spring treatment; however, greater seedling survival occurred after spring treatment. We conclude that spring treatment with sulfometuron (300 g ai ha−1), with planting delayed by one year, provided the optimal treatment to achieve maximal seedling survival and growth during plantation establishment. Black spruce seedlings appear to benefit (i.e. enhanced survival or growth) from site preparation with these herbicides only when planting is delayed by several months following their use. Key words: metsulfuron, sulfometuron, site preparation, black spruce, growth parameters, seedling survival, raspberry competitition
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Li, He, Yilin Mao, Yu Wang, Kai Fan, Hongtao Shi, Litao Sun, Jiazhi Shen, Yaozong Shen, Yang Xu, and Zhaotang Ding. "Environmental Simulation Model for Rapid Prediction of Tea Seedling Growth." Agronomy 12, no. 12 (December 14, 2022): 3165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12123165.
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Accurate and effective monitoring of environmental parameters in tea seedling greenhouses is an important basis for regulating the seedling environment, which is crucial for improving the seedling growth quality. This study proposes a tea seedling growth simulation (TSGS) model based on deep learning. The Internet of Things system was used to measure environmental change during the whole seedling process. The correlation between the environmental parameters and the biomass growth of tea seedlings in various varieties was analyzed. A CNN-LSTM network was proposed to build the TSGS model of light, temperature, water, gas, mineral nutrition, and growth biomass. The results showed that: (1) the average correlation coefficients of air temperature, soil temperature, and soil moisture with the biomass growth of tea seedlings were 0.78, 0.84, and −0.63, respectively, which were three important parameters for establishing the TSGS model. (2) For evaluating the TSGS model of a single variety, the accuracy of ZM’s TSGS based on the CNN-LSTM network was the highest (Rp2 = 0.98, RMSEP = 0.14). (3) For evaluating the TSGS model of multiple varieties, the accuracy of TSGS based on the CNN-LSTM network was the highest (Rp2 = 0.96, RMSEP = 0.17). This study provided effective technical parameters for intelligent control of tea-cutting growth and a new method for rapid breeding.
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Roden, Michael J., and Phillip E. Reynolds. "Hexazinone site preparation improves black spruce seedling survival and growth." Forestry Chronicle 71, no. 4 (August 1, 1995): 426–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc71426-4.
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Granular (PRONONE 10G and 5G) and liquid (VELPAR L) hexazinone (1 to 4 kg ai ha−1) were applied to a northern New Brunswick clearcut (loams, silt loams, and clay loams) to reduce raspberry [Rubus idaeus L. var. strigosus (Michx.) Maxim] competition. Treatment, using skidder-mounted herbicide application equipment, was completed in May and September 1986, with planting of 2+2, bareroot, black spruce seedlings [Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.] in June 1986 and in June 1987. Seedling survival and growth were measured yearly for five growing seasons after planting. By August 1991, raspberry cover for three treatments remained less than that for controls. Survival of seedlings planted approximately one month after spring treatment was less than controls, but seedling height and stem diameter were greater than that of control seedlings for most treatments. Survival and growth of seedlings planted approximately one year after spring treatment or nine months after fall treatment were greater than that of control seedlings for most treatments. Fifth-year height and stem diameter of seedlings planted nine months after fall treatment were negatively correlated with raspberry height (r2 = 0.729, height and 0.745, diameter), decreasing as raspberry height increased. Over the five-year observation period, hexazinone formulation did not affect raspberry control, but did affect seedling survival and growth. Spring treatment with PRONONE 10G (2 kg ai ha−1), with planting delayed by one year, provided the best treatment to achieve both optimal seedling survival and growth during plantation establishment. Key words: liquid hexazinone, granular hexazinone, site preparation, black spruce, growth parameters, seedling survival, raspberry competition
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Chavan, R., B. Tembhurne, R. Lokesha, and J. Diwan. "Effect of different Substratas on Growth Performance of Simarouba Gluaca: Bio-Diesel Species." Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 19, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2012-wne62u.
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Comparative performance of Simarouba glauca seedlings grown in poly pot, nursery beds and root trainer was investigated with an aim to select suitable substrata for seed germination and container for quality seedlings production. Seed germination percentage, imbibition period and energy period found higher in raised nursery bed followed by root trainer and flat bed. Among substrates, raised bed method has significant higher scope in ensuring seed germination and seedling availability for commercial nursery. Morphological parameters of seedlings viz., shoot length, root length, collar diameter, fresh weight, dry matter production and number of leaves were recorded maximum in T1 and T3 treatments. Vigor index and quality index were also significantly higher in T1 and T3 treatments. T3 treatment revealed best performance in respect to germination and other growth parameters. However, T1 treatment was found suitable in the nursery for quality seedling production of Simarouba glauca.
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Jankauskienė, Julė, Kristina Laužikė, and Danguolė Kavaliauskaitė. "Effects of Vermicompost on Quality and Physiological Parameters of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Seedlings and Plant Productivity." Horticulturae 8, no. 11 (October 31, 2022): 1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8111009.
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Cucumbers productivity and fruit quality depend on seedlings’ quality. The success of seedling cultivation largely depends on the choice of a suitable substrate. Therefore the aim of this research is to determine the effect of peat-vermicompost substrates on cucumber seedling quality and crop yield. The research was carried out in a greenhouse covered with double polymeric film in the Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry. Cucumber seedlings were grown in different substrates: peat, peat+10% vermicompost, peat+20% vermicompost, and peat+30% vermicompost. The growth of cucumber seedlings in peat and vermicompost substrates was induced. They were 1.9–18.6% taller, and the leaf area of this seedlings was 1.2–1.4 time larger. Furthermore, the fresh leaves mass of these seedlings was 22.7–33.1%, and the fresh root mass was 1.1–1.5 time bigger. The addition of vermicompost to peat substrate has a positive effect on the physiological parameters in the leaves of cucumber seedlings. The total yield of cucumbers grown in peat-vermicompost substrates was 7.4–11.1% higher than that of plants whose seedlings grew in peat substrate.
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Popović, Vladan, Aleksandar Lučić, and Ljubinko Rakonjac. "Effect of container type on growth and development of Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) seedlings in the nursery." Sustainable Forestry: Collection, no. 69-70 (2014): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/sustfor1469033p.
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In this paper are presented the research results of effect of the container type on growth and morphological parameters of Pedunculate oak seedlings. In the experiment were used three types of containers Bosnaplast 18, Bosnaplast 12 and HIKO V265. Seed collection was performed in the Pedunculate oak seed stand registration number RS-2-2-qro-12-197 which is managing by FE Kragujevac in autumn 2012 and seed sowing in containers was done in spring 2013 in the seedling nursery of Institute of Forestry in Belgrade. The analysis of one-year-old seedlings was performed in autumn 2013. The parameters that were measured are height and root collar diameter. Seedlings produced in containers Bosnaplast 18 with cell volume of 220 cm3 and HIKO V265 with cell volume of 265 cm3 have larger dimensions and they are more quality than seedlings produced in containers type Bosnaplast 12 that have cell volume of 120 cm3 . Researches have shown that container volume has positive effect on morphological characteristics of Pedunculate oak seedlings in conditions of seedling nursery.
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Jain, M., S. Tiwary, and R. Gadre. "Sorbitol-induced changes in various growth and biochemici parameters in maize." Plant, Soil and Environment 56, No. 6 (June 3, 2010): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/233/2009-pse.
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Treatment of maize seedlings with different concentrations of sorbitol decreased the rate of germination substantially. Root and shoot length was also reduced by sorbitol treatment, however, decrease in root length was lower than shoot length. Incubation of leaf segments from maize seedlings grown in continuous light with sorbitol decreased the fresh weight and increased the dry weight in a concentration-dependent manner. Sorbitol treatment also reduced the total chlorophylls, chlorophyll a as well as chlorophyll b; the decrease in chlorophyll 'b' being more prominent than chlorophyll 'a', however, carotenoid content was declined marginally. Supply of sorbitol decreased the protein and RNA content; however, proline content and in vivo nitrate reductase activity (NRA) were increased. The results demonstrate an inhibitory effect of sorbitol-induced stress on overall growth in maize. Amongst the biochemical parameters analysed, chlorophyll, protein and RNA contents were declined, while proline content and nitrate reductase activity were enhanced with sorbitol treatment.
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Kerkez Janković, Ivona, Mirjana Šijačić-Nikolić, Marina Nonić, and Jovana Devetaković. "The growth of one-year-old narrow-leaved ash seedlings is strongly related to the leaf area parameters." Reforesta, no. 10 (December 30, 2020): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21750/refor.10.04.87.
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The leaf area of plant leave scan be considered as an indicator of the plant growth conditions, and its variability is usually associated with adaptation and response to the changing environment. The aim of this study is to investigate the relation of the leaf area parameters on growth of the narrow-leaved ash 1+0 seedlings from the nursery trial and determining variability between the 18 half-sib lines. The seedlings were obtained from seeds collected from 18 maternal trees found in the area of the special nature reserve Upper Danube Region. Ten randomly selected 1+0 seedlings per half-sib line were selected for further study, and all leaves per seedling were collected, herbarized and scanned. The leaf area of each leaf (LACL) was measured using an open-source image processing program – ImageJ, and the total leaf area per seedling (TLA) was calculated. Also, the number of leaves per plant (NCL) as well as the number of leaflets within each imparipinnate compound leaf (NLCL) were counted. The results showed that differences between studied attributes were statistically significant among 18 selected half-sib lines (p < 0.05). The most variable parameter was the total leaf area per seedling (TLA; CV=68.98%), which is strongly correlated to the leaf area per each leaf (LACL; r=0.95) and the number of leaflets (NLCL; r=0.94). In this study, we confirmed that leaf parameters were highly correlated to the growth of one-year-old Fraxinus angustifolia seedlings.
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Creus, Cecilia M., Rolando J. Sueldo, and Carlos A. Barassi. "Water relations in Azospirillum-inoculated wheat seedlings under osmotic stress." Canadian Journal of Botany 76, no. 2 (February 1, 1998): 238–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b97-178.
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Azospirillum has been shown to improve coleoptile growth in seedlings growing in darkness under osmotic stress. However, the changes in water relations that may occur in this experimental system have not yet been studied. Two-centimetre long Triticum aestivum cv. Buck Pucará and Triticum durum cv. Balcarceño-INTA seedlings were inoculated with viable or autoclaved (control) Azospirillum brasilense Sp. 245 bacteria, at approximately 108 cells per seedling. Three days after inoculation, seedlings were exposed to osmotic stress by immersing their roots in 20% polyethylene glycol 6000 for up to 72 h. Germination and seedling growth were at 20°C in darkness. Shoots were excised after 72 h of stress, and water-status parameters were determined through pressure-volume analyses. While osmotic potential at full turgor remained constant, Azospirillum-stimulated growth in Buck Pucará seedlings was accompanied by significant decreases in osmotic potential and relative water content at zero turgor, in volumetric cell wall modulus of elasticity, and in absolute symplastic water volume and by a significant rise in apoplastic water fraction parameters. Except for a constant volumetric cell wall modulus of elasticity, similar results were obtained with Balcarceño-INTA seedlings. However, bacterial growth promotion was evident only in the less tolerant cv. Buck Pucará. Turgor at low water potential was higher in inoculated seedlings in both wheat cultivars under osmotic stress. These results are consistent with a better water status in Azospirillum-inoculated wheat seedlings under water stress, where both effects on cell wall elasticity and (or) apoplastic water are evident.Key words: Azospirillum, drought, seedlings, water status, wheat.
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Sastro, Pramudji, and I. Wayan Eka Dharmawan. "Analisis Pertumbuhan Bibit Bakau Rhizophora stylosa Griff. di Kawasan Rehabilitasi Mangrove Tanjung Pasir, Tangerang." Oseanologi dan Limnologi di Indonesia 1, no. 3 (December 31, 2016): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/oldi.2016.v1i3.77.
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<strong>Growth Analysis of Rhizophora stylosa Griff. Seedlings in Mangrove Rehabilitation Area of Tanjung Pasir, Tangerang.</strong> Mangrove rehabilitation is urgently needed as an effort to preserve coastal plant ecosystems which are decreasing in Indonesia. It requires the preparation of good seedlings to support the rehabilitation efforts. The seedling of Rhizophora stylosa is suitable for being able to well adapt to the wide range of salinity and illumination. Research on the growth of R. stylosa seedlings was conducted in degraded mangrove areas in the coastal region of Tanjung Pasir, Tangerang, from August to November 2005. This research analyzes the growth patterns R. stylosa seedlings in two habitat types, i.e. the pond dikes and the green belts. A total of 100 seedlings were planted in each habitat with a spacing of 0.5 m. Seedling growth parameters such as the percentage of survival, height and diameter of the stem, and number of leaves were measured monthly. Twoway ANOVA analysis was conducted to determine the overall differences in the parameters between locations and time of observation, as well as its interaction. The results showed the percentage of survival of seedlings planted in the green belts was higher than in the pond dikes (p <0.05), while the growth of the height and diameter of the seedlings planted in the pond dikes was higher than those planted in the green belts. The number of leaves of seedlings planted in both habitats was not significantly different. The regression equation between seedling height (X) and stem diameter (Y) showed a high correlation (p <0.01) in the green belts, which is Y = 0,018X + 0.746 (R = 0.606). A strong correlation was found between stem height (X) and the number of leaves (Y) for the seedlings planted in the pond dikes by the regression equation Y = 0,156X - 2.968 (R = 0.501).<br /><br />
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Rahman, KS, SK Paul, MAR Sarkar, and MS Islam. "Growth Parameters of Transplant Aman Rice (cv. BRRI dhan 52) as Influenced by Age of Tiller Seedlings, Number of Tiller Seedlings Hill-1 and Level of USG." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 6, no. 2 (February 11, 2015): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v6i2.22104.
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The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh to investigate the effect of age of tiller seedlings, number of tiller seedlings hill-1 and application of urea super granules (USG) on the growth parameters of transplant aman rice cv. BRRI dhan52. The experiment comprised two ages of tiller seedlings viz. 25 and 35 days old, three levels of tiller seedling hill-1 viz.1, 3 and 5 seedlings hill-1 and three USG levels viz. 0, 1.8 and 2.7g USG. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The highest and lowest plant height was found by transplanting 25-day and 35-day old tiller seedlings at all dates of observations. By transplanting 35-day old tiller seedlings total dry matter hill-1 was found highest at 15DAT and 45 DAT. Total dry matter hill-1 was the highest in 5 tiller seedlings hill-1 and it was in lowest in 1 tiller seedling hill-1. Plant height was the highest in 5 tiller seedlings hill-1 which was as good as that of 3 tiller seedlings hill-1 and the lowest one was found in 1 tiller seedling hill-1 at 15 DAT. The tallest plant and highest total dry matter hill-1 were observed in 1.8g USG and the lowest one was observed in control treatment. Transplant Aman rice can be grown by transplanting 25-day old tiller seedling, 5 tiller seedlings hill-1 and by applying 1.8g USG for the highest plant height, more tiller and total dry matter production hill-1.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v6i2.22104 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 6(2): 101-108 2013
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Çavuşoğlu, Kürşat, and Hatice Güneş Ergin. "Effects of humic acid pretreatment on some physiological and anatomical parameters of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) exposed to salt stress." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 44, no. 4 (October 21, 2018): 591–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v44i4.38595.
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The effects of humic acid (HA) pretreatment on the seed germination, seedling growth and leaf anatomy of barley under both normal and saline conditions were studied. HA application partly reduced the final germination percentage, coleoptile percentage, radicle lenght, radicle number and fresh weight of barley germinated under normal conditions while it showed statistically the same effect as the control on the coleoptile length. In parallel with concentration rise, salt inhibited the seed germination and seedling growth of barley. The inhibitive effect of salt on the seed germination and seedling growth was alleviated in varying degrees by HA pretreatment. Moreover, salinity of the medium caused changes in the leaf anatomy of seedlings. HA affected in different degrees the various parameters of leaf anatomy of barley seedlings grown in both normal and saline conditions, and this difference was statistically important.
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Hastuti, Endah Dwi, and Rini Budihastuti. "Analysis on the Absolute Growth Rate of Rhizophora mucronata Seedling in Silvicultural Pond Canals by the Influence of Initial Condition and Changes of Environment Quality." Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education 8, no. 1 (April 3, 2016): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v8i1.5358.
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<p>Mangrove seedling growth in silvofishery pond is limited to water quality dynamics while the water quality dynamically changes. This research aimed to study the changes of environmental factor condition in silvofishery pond and to analyze its impacts on the growth of mangrove seedling. Research experiment involved18 treatment plots with mangrove Rhizophora mucronata seedling. Observed parameters included temperature, turbidity, salinity, pH, DO, TSS, BO, N and P. Calculation was conducted for the deviation of each parameters. Mangrove growth parameters were including height and diameter growth while its data processing was absolute daily growth. Data analysis was conducted through regression. The result showed there were changes on environment parameters. Growth rate of R. mucronata showed variations on absolute daily height growth rate range of 0.215-3.333 mm/day (average 1.296 ±0.036 mm/day), while absolute daily diameter growth rate range was 2.15x10-3-0.196 mm/day (average 4.25x10-2 ± 3.59x10-2 mm/day). The analysis of regression showed several parameters effectedthe growth of mangrove seedlings including temperature, temperature change, turbidty, salinity change, pH, pH change, and DO on the growth of R. mucronata seedlings. This research concluded that environment parameters and its changes had significant effects on the growth of mangrove seedling. </p><p><strong>How to Cite</strong></p><p>Hastuti, E., & Budihastuti, R. (2016). Analysis on the Absolute Growth Rate of Rhizophora mucronata Seedling in Silvicultural Pond Canals by the Influence of Initial Condition and Changes of Environment Quality. <em>Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education</em>, 8(1), 56-63.</p>
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Murugesan, S., S. Avudainayagam, and Poomaruthai Masilamani. "Effect of bagasse flyash incorporated nursery media on seedling growth of Pungam (Pongamia pinnata Roxb.)." Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 21, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2014-0gf605.
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A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of bagasse flyash with different combinations of organic manures on soil properties and seedling growth of Pongamia pinnata. One week old seedlings were transplanted following nursery media viz., Red earth + Sand + Farmyard manure (FYM) (2:1:1 ratio) (T1), Red earth sand and flyash (2:1:1 ) (T2) , Red earth, vermicompost and Flyash (2:1:1 ) (T3), Red earth +Flyash + FYM (2:1:1 ratio) (T4), Red earth +Flyash + vermicompost (1:2:1 ratio) (T5) and Red earth +Flyash + vermicompost (2:2:1 ratio) (T6). Poly bags were filled with the respective media and placed under sunlight. Seedlings growth parameters viz., shoot length, root length, collar diameter, and total dry matter production were recorded at 60 days and 75 days after planting. Physico-chemical and biological soil parameters like organic carbon content, available macro-nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), DTPA extractable micro-nutrients (iron, manganese, copper and zinc) of each treatment were analyzed before planting and after harvesting the seedlings. Nutrient uptake (N,P,K and micronutrient /trace metals) by the seedlings at 75 days after planting was also analyzed. Results revealed that all the parameters at the end of experiment, the highest shoot length (31.23cm), root length (17.80 cm), collar diameter (7.60 mm) and total dry matter production (1.96 g) were observed for bagasse flyash (230 g) with vermicompost (230 g) amended with 460g soil. The same treatment resulted in maximum uptake N,P,K and micro-nutrients (iron, manganese, copper and zinc) at all growth stages. From this experiment, it could be concluded that among the different media evaluated for seedling growth of Pungam seedling, 460g soil + 230g bagasse flyash + 230g vermicompost were found to the best in terms of seedling growth and maximum uptake N, P, K and micro-nutrients.
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Awlachew, Zewdu Teshome, and Gebeyehu Yibeltie Mengistie. "Growth Promotion of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Seedlings Using Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Isolated from Northwest Ethiopia." Advances in Agriculture 2022 (October 26, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1710737.
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Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are beneficial soil microorganisms that colonize plant roots and enhance plant growth by a wide variety of mechanisms. In this work, five Bacillus and two Cyanobacteria isolates were successfully isolated and characterized. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of PGPR on the growth of three cultivars of rice seedlings. Pots were laid down in a complete random design and 100 ml of spore and Cyanobacteria suspension were poured on the soil surface surrounding each seedling. After 45 days, the seedlings were uprooted and shoot and root parameters were recorded. All the Bacillus and Cyanobacteria isolates showed positive effects on the growth of rice seedlings as compared to control; however, their effectiveness varies from isolate to isolate and also from cultivar to cultivar. Bacterial isolates B3 and B5 showed the highest mean value and statistically significant difference ( P < 0.05 ) in most of the root and shoot parameters of cultivars Jegna and Getachew, respectively, as compared to other bacterial isolates. Both cyanobacterial isolates showed the highest and statistically significant difference ( P < 0.01 ) in almost all the above ground and underground growth parameters compared to other bacterial isolates in all the three cultivars of rice. Similarly, C2 and C1 recorded the highest growth promotion efficacy of shoot and root length (50.07% and 78.27%) on Edget and Getachew cultivars, respectively. Hence, the present study suggests that the use of PGPR isolates such as B3, B5, C1, and C2 as inoculant biofertilizers might be beneficial for rice cultivation as they enhanced the growth of rice seedlings.
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Burney, Owen, Michael G. Wing, and Robin Rose. "Microsite Influences on Variability in Douglas-Fir Seedling Development." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 22, no. 3 (July 1, 2007): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/22.3.156.
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Abstract We examined the microsite characteristics of 6,048 Douglas-fir seedlings at three regeneration sites in Washington state. Our objective was to determine the microsite characteristics that were most influential on seedling growth change over time. We analyzed microsite influences both individually and in concert with one another through regression-based techniques. Microsite parameters included soil impedance, topographic, and physical parameter measurements that were recorded at each seedling's location. Akaike's information criterion (AIC) was used to determine combinations of microsite parameters that were most strongly correlated with seedling growth. Multiparameter models explained between 15 and 39 percent of the variance in diameter growth. Prevalent terms from the strongest multiparameter models included soil penetration, log presence, stump presence, skid road presence, and topography. Individual microsite parameters for each regeneration site were also assessed for importance in explaining diameter growth using two additional methods. The first approach was to isolate the parameters that appeared in the strongest multiparameter models and to sum and contrast the AIC weights of all models in which they appeared. The second approach was to regress single parameters against seedling diameter growth. Results varied by site for both methods. AIC weight sums revealed that topographical depression and berms, the presences of logs and stumps, and soil penetration (pounds per square inch) as measured by a penetrometer were most influential, with values ranging from 0.31 (berm) to 0.82 (log). Regression analysis revealed that topographical depression, log presence, and soil penetration were significantly related to diameter growth, explaining between 6 and 29 percent of the variance in diameter growth. Combined results from the three regeneration sites suggest that preferred planting locations are near berms, in the transition zone associated with skid roads, and in soil that is neither too loose nor too compacted. Results from the Randle and Orting sites indicate that planting in topographical depressions should be avoided. Results from Orting indicate that seedlings should not be placed near logs, and Randle findings suggest not planting next to stumps.
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Хуршкайнен (Khurshkaynen), Татьяна (Tat'yana) Владимировна (Vladimirovna), Елена (Elena) Михайловна (Mikhaylovna) Андреева (Andreyeva), Светлана (Svetlana) Карленовна (Karlenovna) Стеценко (Stetsenko), Геннадий (Gennadiy) Григорьевич (Grigor'evich) Терехов (Terekhov), and Александр (Aleksandr) Васильевич (Vasil'evich) Кучин (Kuchin). "INFLUENCE OF BIOPREPARATION VERVA AND VERVA-SPRUCE ON THE SCOTS PINE SEEDLINGS GROWTH." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 1 (March 6, 2019): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2019014248.
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The results of studying the influence of natural plant growth regulators Verva and Verva-spruce from coniferous wood greenery on the growth and development of Pinus sylvestris L. pine seedlings under the conditions of a forest nursery are presented. A comparative analysis of morphometric indices and accumulation of phytomass in the first two years of growth of pine seedlings grown from seeds treated with coniferous biopreparations of various concentration (experience) and without processing (control) is lead.
Presowing treatment of seeds with Verva and Verva-spruce preparations at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.25 mL/kg by soaking within 6 hours has led to prolonged effect on growth rates of pine seedlings. Experimental seedlings had higher increments of the aerial part compared to the control: the height of the seedling tree of the first year was 40–84% higher, the second year – 29–47%; the diameter increased by 40–43% in one-year seedlings, and by 2–40% in biennial ones. High values of biometric parameters in two-year seedlings in the experimental versions correspond to the requirements for planting material of coniferous plants. The use of preparations Verva and Verva-spruce for seed presowing treatment will shorten the period of seedling cultivation and the cost of planting material.
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Kormanik, Paul P. "Effects of phosphorus and vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae on growth and leaf retention of black walnut seedlings." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 15, no. 4 (August 1, 1985): 688–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x85-112.
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Black walnut seedlings were grown in fumigated soil without vesicular–arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungi or in soil infested with Gigasporamargarita, Glomusfasciculatum, or Glomusmacrocarpum. For each mycorrhizal treatment, three levels of available phosphorus (P), 25, 50, and 75 ppm, were provided. With 25 and 50 ppm P, the presence of VA mycorrhizae significantly improved leaf retention and root weight of all seedlings. At 75 ppm P, seedling development was not affected by mycorrhizal treatment. Within a given mycorrhizal condition, there were only minor differences in growth parameters across P levels. In the nonmycorrhizal treatments, all growth parameters significantly improved at the 75 ppm P treatment, while little difference could be detected between 25 and 50 ppm P. The number of lateral roots with a diameter of 1.0 mm or larger and root weight of seedlings were not affected by soil P level within a mycorrhizal treaement, but each increment of soil P increased root weight but not the number of lateral roots of seedlings in the nonmycorrhizal treatment. Seedlings that were mycorrhizal with G. margarita had more dense root colonization and were characteristically larger than seedlings that were mycorrhizal with either G. fasciculatum or G. macrocarpum across all P levels.
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Möhler, Henrike, Tim Diekötter, Geeltje Marie Bauer, and Tobias W. Donath. "Conspecific and heterospecific grass litter effects on seedling emergence and growth in ragwort (Jacobaea vulgaris)." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): e0246459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246459.
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Jacobaea vulgaris Gaertn. or common ragwort is a widespread noxious grassland weed that is subject to different regulation measures worldwide. Seedling emergence and growth are the most crucial stages for most plants during their life cycle. Therefore, heterospecific grass or conspecific ragwort litter as well as soil-mediated effects may be of relevance for ragwort control. Our study examines the effects of conspecific and heterospecific litter as well as ragwort conditioned soil on seedling emergence and growth. We conducted pot experiments to estimate the influence of soil conditioning (with, without ragwort), litter type (grass, ragwort, grass-ragwort-mix) and amount (200 g/m², 400 g/m²) on J. vulgaris recruitment. As response parameters, we assessed seedling number, biomass, height and number of seedling leaves. We found that 200 g/m² grass litter led to higher seedling numbers, while litter composed of J. vulgaris reduced seedling emergence. Litter amounts of 400 g/m² had negative effects on the number of seedlings regardless of the litter type. Results for biomass, plant height and leaf number showed opposing patterns to seedling numbers. Seedlings in pots treated with high litter amounts and seedlings in ragwort litter became heavier, grew higher and had more leaves. Significant effects of the soil conditioned by ragwort on seedling emergence and growth were negligible. The study confirms that the amount and composition of litter strongly affect seedling emergence and growth of J. vulgaris. Moreover, while conspecific litter and high litter amounts negatively affected early seedling development in ragwort, those seedlings that survived accumulated more biomass and got taller than seedlings grown in heterospecific or less dense litter. Therefore, ragwort litter has negative effects in ragwort germination, but positive effects in ragwort growth. Thus, leaving ragwort litter on pastures will not reduce ragwort establishment and growth and cannot be used as management tool.
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Fu, Wei, Jinqiu Gao, Chunjiang Zhao, Kai Jiang, Wengang Zheng, and Yanshan Tian. "Detection Method and Experimental Research of Leafy Vegetable Seedlings Transplanting Based on a Machine Vision." Agronomy 12, no. 11 (November 20, 2022): 2899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12112899.
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In view of the need to remove empty cells and unqualified seedlings for automatic transplanting of leafy vegetable seedlings, this paper proposes a method to detect the growth parameters of leafy vegetable seedlings by using machine vision technology. This method uses the image processor PV200 to perform image grayscale, threshold segmentation, corrosion, expansion, area division, etc. to obtain the pixel value of the leaf area of the seedling and compare it with the set standard value, which provides guiding information for eliminating empty cells and unqualified seedlings. Lettuce seedlings at 17 days, 20 days, and 22 days of seedling age were used as the test objects, and the growth status and test results of the seedlings were analyzed to determine the optimum seedling age for transplanting. The test results show that there is basically no leaf cross-border between the lettuce seedlings at the age of 17 days, the average pixel area of the leaves is 3771.74, and the detection accuracy rate is 100%; the seedlings at the age of 22 days grow 5–6 leaves, the detection accuracy of unqualified seedlings and qualified seedlings was 62.50% and 88.16%, respectively, and the comprehensive detection accuracy was 85.71%. The comprehensive detection accuracy rate showed a downward trend with the increase of seedling age, mainly due to the partial occlusion between leaves. The transplanting of leafy vegetable seedlings is a sparse transplanting operation, and the seedling spacing increases after transplanting. Therefore, the detection of seedlings in the process of transplanting can greatly improve the recognition accuracy and solve the problem that the leaves of the seedlings in the seedling tray are obscured by each other and affect the detection accuracy. The research results can provide a theoretical basis and design reference for the development of the visual inspection system and the transplanting actuator of the leafy vegetable seedlings transplanting robot.
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Spoorthi, Vijaykumar B., Praveen Ranadev, Revanna Ashwin, and Joseph D. Bagyaraj. "Response of Capsicum annuum L. Seedlings Raised in Pro Trays to Inoculation with AM Fungus Glomus bagyarajii and K Solubilizing Bacterium Frateuria aurantia." Seeds 1, no. 4 (November 24, 2022): 315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/seeds1040026.
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Raising vegetable seedlings in pro trays is becoming an innovative approach to producing quality seedlings in horticulture. The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Glomus bagyarajii and potassium (K) solubilizing bacterium Frateuria aurantia singly and together in enhancing the growth of capsicum seedlings raised in pro trays under polyhouse conditions. Different growth parameters such as shoot and root length, total seedling length, stem diameter, dry weight of seedlings, biovolume index, plant strength, vigour index, macro and micronutrient uptake, mycorrhizal root colonization, and the population of F. aurantia in the root zone soil were monitored. Significantly higher shoot length, root length, stem diameter, and biovolume index were recorded in the treatments inoculated with G. bagyarajii alone, followed by F. aurantia alone. Most of the plant growth parameters were significantly less in the dual inoculated treatment with G. bagyarajii + F. aurantia compared to single inoculation with either of them. This brings out the negative influence of the two inoculants on each other leading to a reduced effect on plant growth.
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Krstic, Milun, Branko Kanjevac, and Violeta Babic. "Effects of extremely high temperatures on some growth parameters of sessile oak (Quercus petraea/Matt./Liebl.) seedlings in northeastern Serbia." Archives of Biological Sciences 70, no. 3 (2018): 521–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs171215013k.
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This paper presents research results on the effects of the extremely high temperatures during the heat wave of August 2017 on the growth and development of injury symptoms in sessile oak (Quercus petraea /Matt./Liebl.) seedlings of different age in the area of the Majdanpek municipality in northeastern Serbia. The starting hypotheses of this study is that the resistance of sessile oak seedlings to extremely high temperatures changes with age and that the stand canopy has a significant protective role in situations where sessile oak seedlings are endangered by extremely high temperatures. The extreme weather conditions at the beginning of August manifested themselves in extremely high temperatures and prolonged absence of precipitation. The average temperature at the beginning of August 2017 was 5.0 to 5.1o? (depending on the altitude) higher compared to the period of seedling growth (2010-2016). During the heat wave, the recorded precipitation was in the range from 0 to 1 mm. These climate conditions significantly affected the development of young seedlings, causing wilting of smaller or larger parts of the leaf surface and sometimes leading to plant death. Using analysis of variance, differences in the intensity of seedling damage were found to depend on age, height, and the protection provided by the mature stand canopy. The obtained results point to the very important role of mature trees in the protection of seedlings from the dangers of extremely high temperatures.
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Shin, Yu Kyeong, Shiva Ram Bhandari, Jung Su Jo, Jae Woo Song, and Jun Gu Lee. "Effect of Drought Stress on Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters, Phytochemical Contents, and Antioxidant Activities in Lettuce Seedlings." Horticulturae 7, no. 8 (August 10, 2021): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7080238.
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This study monitored changes in chlorophyll fluorescence (CF), growth parameters, soil moisture content, phytochemical content (proline, ascorbic acid, chlorophyll, total phenol content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC)), and antioxidant activities in 12-day-old lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seedlings grown under drought stress (no irrigation) and control (well irrigated) treatments in controlled conditions for eight days. Measurements occurred at two-day intervals. Among ten CF parameters studied, effective quantum yield of photochemical energy conversion in PSII (Y(PSII)), coefficient of photochemical quenching (qP), and coefficient of photochemical quenching of variable fluorescence based on the lake model of PSII (qL) significantly decreased in drought-stressed seedlings from day 6 of treatment compared to control. In contrast, maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm), ratio of fluorescence (Rfd), and quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation in PSII (Y(NO)) were significantly affected only at the end. All growth parameters decreased in drought-stressed seedlings compared to control. Proline started increasing from day 4 and showed ~660-fold elevation on day 8 compared to control. Chlorophyll, ascorbic acid, TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activities decreased in drought-stressed seedlings. Results showed major changes in all parameters in seedlings under prolonged drought stress. These findings clarify effects of drought stress in lettuce seedlings during progressive drought exposure and will be useful in the seedling industry.
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Anitha, K., A. Senthil, M. K. Kalarani, N. Senthil, S. Marimuthu, M. Djanaguiraman, and M. Umapathi. "Exogenous melatonin improves seed germination and seedling growth in greengram under drought stress." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 14, no. 4 (December 19, 2022): 1190–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v14i4.3818.
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Drought stress diminishes seedling germination and vigor by reducing water uptake, inhibiting plant growth and development. Most of the pulse growing areas are under rainfed ecosystems, which significantly reduces crop yield. Melatonin, a growth-regulating compound, is widely used to mitigate the negative effects of abiotic stresses in pulses. With this background, a laboratory experiment was conducted to standardize the optimum melatonin concentration for seed treatment and foliar application in greengram, to minimize the ill effects of drought stress. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications for each treatment. The treatments consisted of soaking seeds with different melatonin concentrations, viz., 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 μM. Seeds were sown in a perti dishes and the drought stress was imposed using poly ethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) @ - 0.4 MPa, and plates were maintained at room temperature (24-30 °C). After the seedlings emerged, various seedling growth parameters like germination percentage, shoot length, root length, vigor index, promptness index, germination stress tolerance index, fresh and dry weight of the seedlings, plant height stress index and root length stress index were recorded. The experimental results showed that drought stress significantly reduced germination percentage and other growth-related parameters in greengram seedlings compared to the melatonin treatments. Among the melatonin treatments, seeds treated with @ 100 μM concentration recorded the highest germination percentage (99.67 %), promptness index (98.80), vigour index (1631.68), shoot and root length (8.9 cm and 7.5 cm), fresh and dry weight of the seedlings (3.249 and 0.147 mg seedling-1) under PEG induced drought stress condition.
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TILKI, Fahrettin, and Tekin MEMISOGLU. "Growth of Scots Pine and Silver Birch Seedlings on Different Nursery Container Media." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 42, no. 2 (December 2, 2014): 565–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha4229551.
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Peat has been the most common growing medium in tree nurseries, either alone or as a component of growing media mixes. However, as a result of increasing costs and decreasing amount of peat, seedling-growers are seeking more local growing medium components. In this study, container seedlings of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) were grown in pure peat and peat mixtures containing perlite and zeolite. Physical parameters (height, shoot diameter, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, total dry weight) were measured along with several morphological parameters (sturdiness quotient, height/diameter, shoot/root ratio). The zeolite additive in peat changed some media properties, and significant relation was established between some morphological attributes of seedlings and some medium properties in both species. On average, the seedlings grew best in pure peat, but zeolite additions to peat did not affect some morphological parameters negatively. The results suggest that zeolite has potential to be used as a component of peat based growing medium mixtures, and addition of zeolite to peat container medium in proportions of 10% by volume in Scots pine and up to 20% in silver birch was shown to be a feasible material for growing Scots pine and silver birch seedlings.
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Sabr, Halmat A. "Growth of (Platanus orientalis L.) Seedlings under Different Drought Stress Condition." Polytechnic Journal 11, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25156/ptj.v11n2y2021.pp31-36.
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A lath house study was performed in order that understand the adjustment responses to three different water conditions of Platanus orientalis L. seedlings trying to make them able to adjust to new under dry conditions. Eight months seedlings were exposed to three water regimes (90, 60 and 30% water holding capacity [WHC]) were used r with a completely randomize design. The following parameters were measured; seedling height, leaf area, total chlorophyll content in the leaves, root length, root to shoot ratio, total dry mass, and leaf area ratio. It is found that water stress significantly reduced height and base diameter of seedlings, total chlorophyll per leaf, biomass allocation. The highest mean of leaf area, chlorophyll content, total dry mass, and moisture content were found under the treatment of 90% and 60% (WHC). However, the highest mean in root length was obtained under 30 % of (WHC). The data show that 30 % of (WHC) reduce seedling growth of P. orientalis L., on the other hand, seedlings showed positive responses to 90% and 60 of (WHC) in this research. Variations in root length can be used as an indicator for planting this species and tree development under drought stress condition.
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Rweyongeza, Deogratias M., Francis C. Yeh, and N. K. Dhir. "Genetic Parameters for Bud Flushing and Growth Characteristics of White Spruce Seedlings." Silvae Genetica 59, no. 1-6 (December 1, 2010): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2010-0018.
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AbstractWe estimated heritabilities and correlations for bud flushing and growth traits of white spruce seedlings, and the correlations of seedling traits with 10- and 11- year height of the same families in the field. The seedling greenhouse experiment had a randomized complete block design with 30 replications, 58 open-pollinated families and single-tree plots. Individual tree heritability (hi2) was 0.78 and 0.54 for 18 (H18) and 36 (H36)-week total height, respectively. The corresponding heritabilities for family means (hf2) were 0.91 and 0.82. For root collar diameter, hi 2 were respectively, 0.61 and 0.22 at 24 and 54 weeks from germination. The corresponding hf2were 0.87 and 0.55. Heritability for bud flushing ranged from 0.13 to 0.46 (hi2) and 0.44 to 0.83 (hf 2). The genetic correlation (ra) between H18 and H36 was 0.70 and that of D24 and D54 was 0.89, indicating a substantial change in family ranking in one growing season. The type B genetic correlation for H18 with field heights ranged from 0.22 to 0.30. Type B genetic correlations of field height with all other seedling traits were very low and largely negative. It can be concluded that: (1) age-age correlation of seedling height can be expected to decline drastically even in a stable environment of the greenhouse, (2) heritability for growth potential is meaningful when estimated on cumulative growth not on individual annual growth increments that are susceptible to short-term environmental variation, (3) dates of bud flushing did not influence variation in height and root collar diameter, and (4) field growth potential is better predicted by greenhouse growth potential than other morphological and shoot phenological traits.
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Ramasamy, P., Sandip Ghate, Poonam Shinde, and I. Sekar. "Study the effect of Inm on Seedling growth and quality parameters of Bixa Orellana L. Seedlings at different stages." Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 21, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2014-9f28k6.
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An investigation was undertaken with Bixa orellana the test tree species to standardize ideal Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) techniques for improving the growth of B. orellana seedlings, so as to obtain the best quality seedling within a shortest nursery period. A nursery experiment was conducted by raising Bixaorellana Linn., seedlings in polybags filled with standard soil mixture 2:1:1 (Soil: Sand: FYM) with three levels of nitrogen (100, 200 and 300 mg N per seedling) as urea, three levels of phosphorus (200, 300 and 400 mg P2O5 per seedling) as single super phosphate and three levels of potassium (100, 200 and 300 mg of K2O per seedling) as muriate of potash along with Farm Yard Manure (100g) per seedling, Azospirillum (5g) per seedling, Phosphobacteria (5g) per seedling and Vermicompost (5g) per seedling. The results revealed that the shoot and root length, collar diameter and number of leaves were increased by INM treatments. Application of N, P2O5 and K2O (200: 300: 200 mg) along with Vermicompost (5g), Azospirillum (5g) and Phosphobacteria (5g) per seedling (T11) proved to be the ideal dose to improve above said parameters. The same treatment was also the best in enhancing the dry matter production, volume index, quality index and total chlorophyll.
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Moncada, Alessandra, Filippo Vetrano, Alessandro Esposito, and Alessandro Miceli. "Fertigation Management and Growth-Promoting Treatments Affect Tomato Transplant Production and Plant Growth after Transplant." Agronomy 10, no. 10 (October 3, 2020): 1504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101504.
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Plant biostimulants are of interest as they can stimulate plant growth and increase resource utilization. There is still no information on the use of plant growth-promoters under variable nutritional conditions in the nursery and the effects on tomato seedling growth and plant performance after transplant. This study aimed to evaluate the suitability of gibberellic acid (GA3) or bacterial biostimulant treatments to enhance the growth and quality of greenhouse-grown tomato (Solanum lycopersicum ‘Marmande’) seedlings, fertigated with increasing nutrient rates and to assess the efficacy of these treatments on the early growth of tomato plants. During autumn 2019, tomato seedlings were inoculated with 1.5 g L−1 of TNC BactorrS13 (a commercial biostimulant containing 1.3 × 108 CFU g−1 of Bacillus spp.) or sprayed with 10−5 M GA3 and fertigated with a nutrient solution containing 0, 1, 2 and 4 g L−1 of NPK fertilizer (20-20-20) when they reached the 11th BBCH growth stage for tomato. Subsequently, the seedlings were evaluated in greenhouse cultivation for 60 days until at least the 61st BBCH growth stage (January 2020). The growth of the tomato seedlings increased curvilinearly in relation to the fertigation rates. The GA3-treated seedlings showed similar or even higher growth parameters than the control seedlings fed with 4 g L−1 of fertilizer but with half of the nutrients. The inoculation of the substrate with Bacillus spp. had negative effects in the absence of fertigation but determined a greater growth at the highest fertigation rate. The bacterial inoculum of seedlings had longer-term effects than the GA3 treatment during the plant growth, but these effects were noticeable mainly when the bacterial biostimulant was associated with the highest fertigation rate.
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Bao, L., K. Ma, S. Zhang, L. Lin, and L. Qu. "Urban dust load impact on gas-exchange parameters and growth of Sophora japonica L. seedlings." Plant, Soil and Environment 61, No. 7 (June 6, 2016): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/215/2015-pse.
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Wrzesiński, Piotr. "The influence of seedling density in containers on morphological characteristics of European beech." Forest Research Papers 76, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 304–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/frp-2015-0029.
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Abstract This study examines the influence on growth parameters, in particular the morphological features of the root system, of 1-year-old European beech seedlings cultivated in containers with two different densities. The experiment was conducted in the container nursery in Skierdy (Forest District of Jabłonna) in spring 2011. After 10 months of cultivation in Hiko polyethylene containers, above- and below-ground parts of the seedlings were measured. The measurements of the root system were conducted with a scanner and the WinRHIZO software. No influence due to the seedling density on either shoot height or thickness was observed, but instead the research showed that different seedling densities affected the development of root systems. The mean root thickness and dry mass of the European beech seedlings were significantly higher at the lower density. The influence of seedling density on the development of root mass deserves special attention as it is the most important factor affecting future growth of the seedlings during cultivation. This tendency also suggests that the amount of nutrients allocated to shoot development may be higher in order to improve the efficiency of photosynthesis. At both densities, differences in biomass accumulation affected the root-toshoot ratio. In seedlings cultivated at the lower density, the increased dry root matter of the seedlings resulted in a significant increase in the root-to-shoot ratio. This may cause a potential growth advantage of these seedlings after they are planted and may thus result in a more productive cultivation.
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ROUHANI, IRAJ, C. C. BLACK JR., H. MAX VINES, and P. P. KORMANIK. "EFFECT OF NUMBER OF LATERAL ROOTS ON EGGPLANT GROWTH AND YIELD." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 67, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps87-044.
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Root characteristics of eggplant (Solanum melongena L. ’Black Beauty’) were studied with the objectives of determining (1) the population distribution of number of lateral roots per seedling and (2) the relationship between the number of lateral roots per seedling on growth and fruit production. The number of lateral roots ranged from 1 to 34 per seedling with a mean of 12.7 for the total population (600 seedlings). The seedlings were separated into three groups based on the number of lateral roots: A, 20–34; B, 10–19; and C, 1–9. Seedlings of each root group were transplanted outdoors and growth characteristics were measured periodically. No differences were found in plant survival or dieback among groups. Plants in group A produced 54, 41 and 27% more fruit, total plant dry weight and leaf area, respectively, than plants in group C. A positive relationship was found between numbers of lateral roots per plant and various growth parameters. Eggplant vegetative growth, early fruit maturity and total fruit production were dependent upon the number of lateral roots on a seedling at transplanting, the optimal number of which was between 12 and 16.Key words: Solanum melongena L., transplanting, root production, leaf area, fruit maturity, eggplant
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Susanto, Tri, Basir Achmad, and Gusti Syeransyah Rudy. "PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT KEMIRI (Aleurites moluccana L.WILLD) DI LAHAN TERBUKA SETELAH DIBERI PERLAKUAN NAUNGAN DI PERSEMAIAN." Jurnal Sylva Scienteae 4, no. 2 (April 26, 2021): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jss.v4i2.3346.
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The purpose of this study was to analyze the growth of candlenut seeds (Aleurites moluccana L. Willd) in open land after being given shade treatment in the nursery. The method used for observing the growth of candlenut seedlings is a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatment in the nursery was shade levels consisting of 0%, 25%, 50% and 75%. Each treatment consisted of five samples and each treatment was repeated three times so that 4 × 5 × 3 = 60 seedlings were needed. Subsequent research was conducted on open land with 100% sunlight intensity. The parameters measured were height, diameter and number of leaves. Based on observations of candlenut seedlings in open land after being given shade treatment at the nursery for 12 weeks showed that the percentage of seedling life was 80%. The results of the variance analysis showed that the shade treatment significantly affected the growth of candlenut seedling height, but had no effect on the increase in diameter and the number of leaves.Keywords: Candlenut seedling growth; Open land; Shade
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Guragain, Rajesh Prakash, Suman Prakash Pradhan, Hom Bahadur Baniya, Bishnu Prasad Pandey, Niroj Basnet, Binita Sedhai, Santosh Dhungana, Ganesh Kuwar Chhetri, Ujjwal Man Joshi, and Deepak Prasad Subedi. "Impact of Plasma-Activated Water (PAW) on Seed Germination of Soybean." Journal of Chemistry 2021 (December 29, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7517052.
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The present study reports the generation of plasma-activated water (PAW) using dielectric barrier discharge (DBD), its physicochemical properties, and its potential impact on the seed germination and seedling growth of soybean. The results revealed significant changes in physical parameters, such as pH, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, turbidity, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and chemical parameters, such as calcium, chromium, sodium, manganese, nitrate, nitrites, phosphorus, and sulfur and biological parameter such as E. coli in water after plasma treatment. The concentration of dissolved oxygen, conductivity, nitrate, nitrite, and sulfur was increased with an increase in water treatment time, and the amounts of the other analyzed parameters decreased with the increase in water treatment time. The effects of untreated water and plasma-activated water treated for 20 minutes on soybean germination and growth were studied. The germination rate was found to be higher with plasma-treated water. Shoot lengths, seedlings length, vigor index, and germination rates were increased as compared to those germinated by normal water irrigation. The seedlings irrigated with PAW responded to the abundance of nitrogen by producing intensely green leaves because of their increased chlorophyll a as compared to seedlings irrigated with normal water. However, the content of chlorophyll b and carotenoids was found to decrease in the case of seedlings irrigated with PAW. Based on this report, we conclude that PAW could be used to substantially enhance seed germination and seedling growth.
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Hammami, Sofiene B. M., Lorenzo León, Hava F. Rapoport, and Raul De la Rosa. "Early growth habit and vigour parameters in olive seedlings." Scientia Horticulturae 129, no. 4 (July 2011): 761–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2011.05.038.
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Gagnon, J., C. G. Langlois, D. Bouchard, and F. Le Tacon. "Growth and ectomycorrhizal formation of container-grown Douglas-fir seedlings inoculated with Laccariabicolor under four levels of nitrogen fertilization." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25, no. 12 (December 1, 1995): 1953–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x95-210.
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Container-grown Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were inoculated at the time of sowing with a Laccariabicolor (Maire) Orton mycelial suspension produced in a fermentor. They were grown in a peat moss–vermiculite substrate under four levels of N fertilization (7.2, 14.4, 21.6, and 28.7 mg/seedling per season (N1, N2, N3, and N4, respectively)) to determine the N level suitable for both ectomycorrhizal development and seedling growth. After 18 weeks in the greenhouse, seedlings inoculated with L. bicolor had 44%, 32%, 44%, and 5% of their short roots mycorrhizal when fertilized with N1, N2, N3, and N4, respectively. Only when they were fertilized with N4 did the L. bicolor seedlings have significantly greater shoot height than the controls. For the other growth parameters, they were not significantly different from control seedlings for any of the N levels. After 18 weeks, regardless of the level of N, seedlings inoculated with L. bicolor had significantly lower N concentrations (%) and contents (mg/seedling) than the uninoculated ones. Consequently, for the same production of biomass, the mycorrhizal seedlings had taken up less N than the nonmycorrhizal ones. The efficiency of applied N, expressed in terms of produced biomass, decreased when the N fertilization increased; mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal seedlings did not tend to be different. The efficiency of the absorbed N also decreased with the level of applied N, but less rapidly, and tended to be greater for the mycorrhizal seedlings than for the nonmycorrhizal ones. Therefore, the mycorrhizal infection improved the utilization of the absorbed N. N3 was the best of the four N levels used, since it was the only one that maximized both the ectomycorrhizal formation and the growth of the seedlings. In other words, a total seedling N concentration of 1.6% and a substrate fertility of 52 ppm N are appropriate to optimize both the ectomycorrhizal development and the growth of Douglas-fir seedlings.
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Detsis, Vassilis, Georgios Efthimiou, Olga Theodoropoulou, and Stavroula Siorokou. "Determination of the Environmental Factors that Affect the Growth and Survival of Greek Fir Seedlings." Land 9, no. 4 (March 28, 2020): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9040100.
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Forests in the montane-Mediterranean zone have only recently began to be affected by wildfires, therefore the knowledge necessary for restoration projects is missing. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of factors related to seedling attributes, weather conditions and site suitability on seedling performance. The characterisation of sites was based on bedrock and soil clay content as well as pre-fire vegetation. Apical growth and survival of seedlings was monitored for four years in Parnitha National Park. The parameters of a linear mixed model were estimated using annual apical growth of seedlings surviving in the end of the study as the dependent variable and type of site, rainfall, initial seedling height and age as explanatory ones. A quantile regression model using all the data available was estimated for each year of study, taking into account only initial height and site type as well as a logistic regression model of survival. The findings indicate that the growth of Greek fir seedlings depends on May rainfall mediated by soil clay content, which in turn depends on bedrock, which is consistent with the “inverse texture hypothesis”. Sites with low soil clay content were always more beneficial for survival, which was stronger affected by summer–autumn rainfall. In both contexts, drought stress due to soil clay content fades with increasing age. Sites that were not fir dominated prior to fire proved unsuitable also for planting fir seedlings. A minor part of the observed variability could be associated with the initial height of seedlings, especially for seedlings showing high rates of apical growth.
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Maria Hasnah, Tri, Eritrina Windyarini, Budi Leksono, Hamdan Adma Adinugraha, and Lukman Hakim. "PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT MALAPARIDARI PROVENAN UJUNG KULON PADA UMUR 5 BULAN DIPERSEMAIAN." Jurnal Pemuliaan Tanaman Hutan 15, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jpth.2021.15.1.37-49.
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Malapari (Pongamia pinnata) is one of tree species belonging to Family of Leguminosae. Malapari seed oil were known as potential source for biofuel. The previous study showed that Provenance from Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon Banten had highest oil content among provenances in Java. Seed exploration was carried out to determine variations among families on oil content and growth performance. This study was conducted to determine the variation among families on growth performance at nursery level. The seedlings were used as planting stocks for Progeny Test establishment. This study was arranged in randomized completely block design with 50 families, 10 seedlings per plot and repeated in 4 blocks resulting the total number of observation units were 2000 seedlings. Seedling survival rate, growth performance (height, diameter, leave number), and sturdiness ratio was measured monthly up to 5 months after sowing. Analyses of variance was used to find out differences among families. Correlation among characters/parameters was analyzed by Pearson Correlation Analyses. The results showed that variations among families were found on seedling growthperformance. The seedling survival rate at the age of 5 months was 84.60% (26,70-100%) with an average growth of 47.10 cm (31,2-59,7 cm) in height, 5.49 mm (4,7-6,5 mm) in diameter, 8.56 for seedlings sturdiness and 15.4 (10,9-18,8) for leave number
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Matisons, Roberts, Oskars Krišāns, Āris Jansons, Toms Kondratovičs, Didzis Elferts, and Gederts Ievinsh. "Norway Spruce Seedlings from an Eastern Baltic Provenance Show Tolerance to Simulated Drought." Forests 12, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12010082.
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In Northern Europe, an increase in heterogeneity of summer precipitation regime will subject forests to water deficit and drought. This is particularly topical for Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.), which is a drought sensitive, yet economically important species. Nevertheless, local populations still might be highly plastic and tolerant, supporting their commercial application. Accordingly, the tolerance of Norway spruce seedlings from an Eastern Baltic provenance (western part of Latvia) to artificial drought according to soil type was assessed in a shelter experiment. To simulate drought, seedlings were subjected to reduced amounts (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) of naturally occurring precipitation (irrigation intensity). Three soil types (oligotrophic mineral, mesotrophic mineral, and peat) were tested. Seedling height, chlorophyll a concentration, and fluorescence parameters were measured. Both growth and photochemical reactions were affected by the irrigation intensity, the effect of which experienced an interacted with soil type, implying complex controls of drought sensitivity. Seedlings were more sensitive to irrigation intensity on mesotrophic mineral soil, as suggested by growth and photosynthetic activity. However, the responses were nonlinear, as the highest performance (growth and fluorescence parameters) of seedlings occurred in response to intermediate drought. On peat soil, which had the highest water-bearing capacity, an inverse response to irrigation intensity was observed. In general, fluorescence parameters were more sensitive and showed more immediate reaction to soil water deficit than concentration of chlorophyll on mesotrophic mineral and peat soils, while the latter was a better indicator of seedling performance on oligotrophic soil. This indicated considerable plastic acclimation and hence tolerance of seedlings from the local Norway spruce population to drought, though drought sensitivity is age-dependent.
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Nagarajan, M., and K. Sankar Ganesh. "Toxic Effects of Chromium on Growth of some Paddy Varieties." International Letters of Natural Sciences 35 (March 2015): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.35.36.
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Chromium is a serious heavy metal and it is considered as an environmental hazard. Toxicity effects of chromium on growth and development of plants including inhibition of germination process decrease of growth and biomass of plant. The aim of this research is to study the accumulation of Cr and its effect on the Germination and growth of some paddy varieties. Thus, the varieties such as ADT-43, ADT-45, IR-50, TKM-9, CO-33, ASD-16 and CO-43 are grown in petriplates treated with different concentrations of Chromium (0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/L). After one week exposure the seedlings were removed and morphophysiological parameters like germination percentage, seedling length and dry weight of paddy varieties and accumulation of Cr were determined. The results indicated that the concentrations more than 100 mg/L chromium cause the reduction of morphophysiological parameters in the treatments rather than control and Cr addition in the cultures caused enhancement of chromium content in roots and shoots of plant seedlings. It was also noted that accumulation of chromium in the roots was much higher than the shoots of the paddy seedlings under treatment.