Academic literature on the topic 'Seedbanks'
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Journal articles on the topic "Seedbanks"
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Légère, Anne, F. Craig Stevenson, and Diane L. Benoit. "The Selective Memory of Weed Seedbanks after 18 Years of Conservation Tillage." Weed Science 59, no. 1 (March 2011): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-10-00092.1.
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A conservation tillage study provided the opportunity to test whether tillage effects on the germinable weed seedbank would be consistent across different crop rotations and to investigate the potential residual effects of herbicide treatments terminated 12 yr earlier. Our objective was to measure the effects of tillage (moldboard plow [MP] vs. chisel plow [CP] vs. no-till [NT]), crop rotation (2-yr barley–red clover followed by 4-yr barley–canola–wheat–soybean rotation, compared to a cereal monoculture), and of a prior weed management factor (three intensity levels of herbicide use) on the density, diversity, and community structure of weed seedbanks. Species richness, evenness (Shannon'sE), and diversity (Shannon'sH′) of spring seedbanks varied little across treatments and over time. Total seedbank density generally increased as tillage was reduced, with some variations due to weed management in 1993 and crop rotation in 2006. Crop rotations generally had smaller seedbanks with fewer species than the monoculture. In 1993, seedbanks with minimum weed management were twice as dense as those with intensive or moderate weed management (approximately 6,000 vs. 3,000 seed m−2). By 2006, seed density averaged 6,838 seed m−2across intensive and moderate weed management regardless of tillage, but was nearly twice as large in NT (12,188 seed m−2) compared to MP (4,770 seed m−2) and CP (7,117 seed m−2) with minimum weed management (LSD0.005= 4488). Species with abundant seedbanks responded differently to treatments. Barnyardgrass and green foxtail had larger seedbanks in the monoculture than in the rotation. Common lambsquarters and pigweed species had large seedbanks in tilled treatments in the rotation, whereas yellow foxtail and field pennycress contributed to the large seedbanks observed in NT treatments. The latter two species were also associated with residual effects of weed management treatments (terminated 12 yr earlier) in NT. The differential seedbank response of weed species, attributed in part to contrasting weed emergence patterns and agronomic practice effects on seed rain, explained some of the weak treatment effects observed for total seedbank density and diversity. The large weed seedbanks observed in NT plots after 18 yr confirms the importance of seed rain and seedbank management for the sustainability of NT systems.
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Cavers, Paul B., Marguerite Kane, and James J. O'Toole. "Importance of SeedBanks for Establishment of Newly Introduced Weeds—a Case Study of Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum)." Weed Science 40, no. 4 (December 1992): 630–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500058239.
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Proso millet has become a major weed in North America during the past 20 yr. Experiments were conducted to assess the role of the soil seedbank in proso millet's success as a weed. Proso millet has at least eight distinct biotypes, all weeds, which exhibit a wide range of seedbank behavior. At one extreme, weed biotypes resembling crop varieties form transient seedbanks where all viable seed germinate or die before newly ripened seed enter the seedbank. In contrast, the black- and dark-red-seeded biotypes form persistent seedbanks that last several years in the soil. These latter seedbanks differ from those previously described in that there is always a fraction of the seedbank that is not capable of immediate germination. The black-seeded biotype of proso millet can establish a persistent seedbank quickly and that makes the weed very difficult to eradicate.
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Koffi, Kouablan Edmond, Saraka Didier Martial Yao, Nafan Diarrassouba, and Laopé Ambroise Casimir Siene. "Etat Des Lieux Et Gestion Des Semences Des Principales Céréales Cultivées Au Nord De La Côte d’Ivoire." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 3 (January 31, 2017): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n3p112.
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The survey aims at assessing current managing status of organizations involves in the conservation of local genetic diversity of rice, maize, sorghum and pearl millet in seedbanks located in northern Côte d’Ivoire. An investigation was conducted with 100 respondents in charge of cereal seedbanks managing from Ferkessedougou and Ouangolodougou areas. The results at regional scale revealed two co-existing informal and formal systems for seedbanks management in these areas. The farmers’ seedbanks system or informal system was the main source of cereal seed supply for farmers and more important than the national or formal seedbank system. Only, farmers’ seedbanks of two crops, rice and maize were found in visited localities. The management of these farmers’ seedbanks was enabled by associations or cooperatives gathering more men (78.27%) than women (21.73%). Ninety percent (90%) of respondents were identified as saving 1 to 3 traditional varieties of cereal in these seedbanks managed by farmers in the studied region. The reveled difficulties in the farmers’ seedbanks management appeared mainly as informally organized seed system that must be a complementary approach to formal system or national seed system for genetic diversity preservation of local cereal varieties and also as a distribution channel of improved cereal varieties.
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McIvor, J. G., I. Saeli, J. J. Hodgkinson, and H. M. Shelton. "Germinable soil seedbanks in native pastures near Crows Nest, south-east Queensland." Rangeland Journal 26, no. 1 (2004): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj04005.
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The soil seedbanks in three patch types (tall grassland, short sward and lawn) were measured in native pastures near Crows Nest, south-east Queensland in two experiments. In the first experiment, seedbanks were measured at four sites, and in the second, the variation in seedbanks during the year was measured at one site. In each experiment the size and composition of the seedbanks were determined by germinating the seeds in soil samples. In the first experiment, total seed numbers ranged from ~6000 to 12,000 per m2. There were no significant differences between sites for total seeds or for seeds of any species group except legumes which comprised only a small portion of the seedbanks. There were significant differences between patch types for total seeds and for the following species groups, medium tussock grasses, short tussock grasses, stoloniferous grasses, legumes and forbs but not large tussock grasses and sedges. Total seed numbers, and those of medium tussock grasses, stoloniferous grasses and forbs were highest in the lawn patches and lowest in the short sward patches. Legumes had higher numbers in the tall grassland patches than in other patch types. In the second experiment, there were large differences between total seed numbers at the different sample dates (January, May, September and November). Numbers were highest in January and then declined throughout the year. This pattern was largely a reflection of the changes in numbers of forb seeds, the species group with the most seeds. There were no significant differences between patch types for total seeds but there were for medium tussock grasses, stoloniferous grasses, sedges and forbs. There was no relationship between the composition of the pasture sward and the composition of the seedbank for any of the three patch types. Twenty-eight species were allocated to persistent and transient seedbank types; all seedbank types occurred in all three patch types. The major species in the seedbanks were sedges (Cyperus gracilis, C. sesquiflorus), forbs (Gamochaeta spp., Paronychia brasiliana, Daucus glochidiatus) and Eragrostis spp.
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Young, James A., James D. Trent, Robert R. Blank, and Debra E. Palmquist. "Nitrogen interactions with medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusaessp.asperum) seedbanks." Weed Science 46, no. 2 (April 1998): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500090408.
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Medusahead is an invasive annual grass that, once established, severely affects range-land productivity and stability. Medusahead builds large seedbanks in the litter and on the soil surface. Effective weed control of medusahead involves either inhibiting germination from the seedbank, eliminating the seedbank, or enhancing germination so that plants are available for control. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of nitrogen enrichment, immobilization, and nitrification inhibition treatments in the field on the size and germination status of medusahead seedbanks. The germination status of medusahead seeds in seedbanks was determined by periodically collecting field samples of surface soil and litter and bioassaying them in greenhouse emergence tests. Control seedbanks had increased seedling emergence with KNO3or GA3enrichment of the bioassay substrate. The combination of these two materials increased emergence. Nitrogen enrichment increased seedling establishment in the field. Carbon enrichment in the field decreased seedling establishment and increased medusahead seeds in seedbanks. Nitrapyrin treatment decreased medusahead in the field similar to carbon enrichment. In comparison to the control or other treatments, GA3enrichment was not as effective in increasing emergence from nitrapyrin-treated bioassay samples. The combination of carbon and nitrapyrin treatments was very effective in eliminating medusahead emergence in the field, but in wetter years, it never completely eliminated medusahead seedling recruitment and subsequent reproduction. These treatments have promise for influencing succession in medusahead infestations if an adapted perennial species, capable of competing under low nitrogen levels, becomes available.
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Cooke, J., J. E. Ash, and R. H. Groves. "Population dynamics of the invasive, annual species, Carrichtera annua, in Australia." Rangeland Journal 34, no. 4 (2012): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj12027.
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Carrichtera annua (L.) DC. (Brassicaceae) is a widespread weed of the southern rangelands of Australia and there is currently no effective control strategy for this weed outside agricultural systems. Field and glasshouse experiments were used to target various stages of the life cycle of C. annua that, from initial field observations and a review of the literature, appeared to be important or were poorly understood in Australia. Seed production was found to be prodigious with up to 30 000 seed m–2 recorded in the field and extensive collection of dry-dispersed seed by ants was documented, similar to that in the native range of C. annua. Two seedbanks, an aerial pod seedbank and a soil seedbank, are key features contributing to the success of this invasive species as the seedbanks are subject to, and protected from, contrasting pressures. The aerial seedbank, usually the larger of the two, protects seed from collection by ants but is susceptible to vertebrate grazing and fire, while the soil seedbank is depleted by ants and seed decay although the adhesive nature of wetted seeds helps stabilise this seedbank. The population can be replenished by either seedbank in one generation, hence both seedbanks need to be targeted to allow successful control. Inhibition of germination by high temperatures in unfavourable conditions and the potential to reach maturation and fruit production very quickly also contribute to the high seed production of this species.
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Hazelton, Eric L. G., Rebekah Downard, Karin M. Kettenring, Melissa K. McCormick, and Dennis F. Whigham. "Spatial and Temporal Variation in Brackish Wetland Seedbanks: Implications for Wetland Restoration Following Phragmites Control." Estuaries and Coasts 41, S1 (September 25, 2017): 68–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-017-0289-z.
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Abstract Chesapeake Bay tidal wetlands are experiencing a broad-scale, aggressive invasion by the non-native, clonal grass Phragmites australis. The grass is often managed with herbicides in efforts to restore native plant communities and wildlife habitat. Management efforts, however, can act as a disturbance, resulting in increased light availability, potentially fostering reinvasion from soil seedbanks. If native vegetation establishes quickly from seedbanks, the site should have greater resiliency against invasion, while disturbed sites where native plants do not rapidly establish may be rapidly colonized by P. australis. We surveyed the soil seedbank of three vegetation cover types in five Chesapeake Bay subestuaries: areas where P. australis had been removed, where P. australis was left intact, and with native, reference vegetation. We determined the total germination, the proportion of the seedbank that was attributable to invasive species, the richness, the functional diversity, and the overall composition of the seedbanks in each of the cover types (i.e., plots). After 2 years of herbicide treatment in the P. australis removal plots, vegetation cover type impacted the total germination or the proportion of invasive species in the seedbank. In contrast, we also found that seedbank functional composition in tidal brackish wetlands was not influenced by vegetation cover type in most cases. Instead, plots within a subestuary had similar seedbank functional composition across the years and were composed of diverse functional groups. Based on these findings, we conclude that plant community recovery following P. australis removal is not seed-limited, and any lack of native vegetation recruitment is likely the result of yet-to-be-determined abiotic factors. These diverse seedbanks could lead to resilient wetland communities that could resist invasions. However, due to the prevalence of undesirable species in the seedbank, passive revegetation following invasive plant removal may speed up their re-establishment. The need for active revegetation will need to be assessed on a case-by-case basis to ensure restoration goals are achieved.
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Benoit, Diane L., Douglas A. Derksen, and Bernard Panneton. "Innovative Approaches to Seedbank Studies." Weed Science 40, no. 4 (December 1992): 660–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500058276.
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Seedbank studies often suffer from major methodological inadequacies such as absence of appropriate statistical data analysis and low sampling intensity. Multivariate analysis and computer mapping are innovative ways to treat seedbank data. Computer contour mapping was used to visualize spatial patterns of a population of common lambsquarters at three intervals during a growing season. At one site, high spring seed density of 600 000 seed m-2 was decreased to 18.3% of its original size by July, while at another site, low spring seedbank of common lambsquarters of 25 000 seed m-2 increased to 40 000 seed m-2 by autumn. Seedbank studies usually report results on total seed density or on densities of the most abundant species because of difficulties in analyzing large species matrices using parametric statistics. Multivariate analysis and specifically canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) are well suited for seedbank populations. The seedbanks of six agricultural habitats were demonstrated to be floristically different based on the analysis of the relative abundance of weed species in each site using CDA. Organic soils either under grassland or cultivated had significantly larger total seedbanks than mineral soils. If seedbanks are to be used in predictive population models, quantitative data that are reliable, rapidly obtained with limited resources, and logistically feasible for large sampling protocols are needed. Image analysis may be a potential rapid technique for weed seed recognition of washed soil samples.
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Schweizer, Edward E., Philip Westra, and Donald W. Lybecker. "Seedbank and Emerged Annual Weed Populations in Cornfields (Zea mays) in Colorado." Weed Technology 12, no. 2 (June 1998): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x0004375x.
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Fifty irrigated cornfields in five eastern Colorado counties were sampled for their seedbanks and annual weed seedlings and mature populations between 1988 and 1992. Fourteen annual broadleaf species and seven annual grass species were identified in the 50 seedbanks sampled after the fields were tilled in the fall. Redroot pigweed and a mixture of green and yellow foxtail were the weed species encountered most, occurring in 90 and 54% of the fields, respectively. The single-plant populations of broadleaf and grass species in June and September were similar to those observed in the seedbanks. The number of weed species as seeds in the seedbank, June seedlings, and September plants per field ranged from zero to five grass species and zero to eight broadleaf species.
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Lodge, G. M. "Studies of soil seedbanks in native and sown pastures in northern New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 23, no. 2 (2001): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj01007.
Full textAbstract:
Total and germinable soil seedbanks (litter and soil) were studied for a native pasture and three sown pastures (dominated by Phalaris aquatica L. cv. Sirosa) in northern New South Wales from 1993 to 1996. Soil core samples were taken from continuously grazed plots for both pasture types and two oversown treatments in the native pasture and from a spring-autumn rest treatment at the sown pasture sites. At each site above ground herbage mass was also estimated regularly as part of the Temperate Pasture Sustainability Key Program. For all sites and treatments, the proportion of germinable seeds as a percentage of the total (dormant and germinable) seedbank ranged from 1–26% for the native pasture and 1–39% for the sown pastures. Germinable seed numbers ranged from 280 to 26,110 seeds per m2, while total seedbank numbers were from 6700 to 178,360 seeds per m2. Native pasture herbage mass was dominated by native perennial grasses, but seeds of these species were less than 20% of the total seed bank in all treatments in 1994 and 1995. At the sown pasture sites, most of the germinable (51–92%) and total (65–97%) seedbanks were either barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv, annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin), subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) or wireweed (Polygonum aviculare L.). Since seeds of annuals and other forbs generally dominated both the total and germinable seedbanks of these perennial grass-based pastures, these species were likely to increase over time. Seeds of the sown perennial grass Phalaris aquatica L, cv. Sirosa were less than 1% of the total seedbanks in pastures sown in 1990 and less than 3% of those sown in 1979. With above average summer rainfall at the native pasture site in 1996 and prolific growth of redgrass, seeds of this species were 38–63% of the total and 11–29% of the germinable seedbank in May 1996. Except at this site and time, the species composition of the total and germinable seedbanks did not generally reflect the dominance of the above ground herbage mass of these pastures by perennial grasses.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Seedbanks"
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Donath, Tobias W. "Restoration of flood meadows the importance of seedbanks, dispersal, recruitment and agricultural management /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=976065495.
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Wood, Christopher. "Oxidative stress and seed survival." Thesis, Abertay University, 1998. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/79d28b74-9210-4ebd-a3b8-66a610bd8c87.
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Free radical and aldehydic breakdown product content were determined, by EPR and UV / visible spectroscopy, primarily in intermediate (desiccation tolerant) seeds of Carica papaya L. (Papaya) and recalcitrant (desiccation intolerant) seeds of Aesculus hippocastanum L. (Horse chestnut), but also in other species covering a range of desiccation tolerances, with a view to determining the role of oxidative stress as a diagnostic marker for desiccation tolerance. Axes of non-senescent highly viable recalcitrant seeds of horse chestnut were metabolically active, contained products of lipid peroxidation, displayed low levels of enzymatic protection against activated oxygen and peroxides, and a two-peak free radical EPR signal. During fully hydrated storage at 16 °C for up to 18 months, seeds exhibited, sequentially, an increase in germination rate, a transient increase in intensities of both the low field and high field EPR peaks, a significant increase in membrane leakage and decrease in seed viability, germination rate, and SOD and peroxidase activities. Drying 'unstored' seeds below and embryonic axis moisture content of 40 to 50 % initiated viability loss. At < 25 % moisture content all axes were inviable and displayed a 2- to 4-fold increase in solute leakage, lipid peroxidation products and the low field EPR signal. Seed desiccation sensitivity increased with hydrated storage. The accumulation of lipid peroxidation products and free radicals on drying generally occurred to a greater extent, or at a higher moisture content, than observed with unstored seeds. The results indicate a mediating role for oxidative stress in recalcitrant seed viability loss which is differentially expressed during hydrated, 'natural' ageing and desiccation. Similar trends were seen in other recalcitrant species with the increase in lipid peroxidation products occurring around the point of viability loss. However the study of a more orthodox species (papaya) revealed no such trends.
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Thomas, Paul B., University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and School of Environment and Agriculture. "Effects of factors associated with the season of a fire on germination of species forming soil seedbanks in the fire-prone Hawkesbury sandstone region of Sydney, Australia." THESIS_CSTE_EAG_Thomas_P.xml, 2004. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/697.
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Fire is a recurrent disturbance that removes above ground vegetation in many locations throughout the world, including the Sydney region. Many species in fire-prone locations, and most species in the Sydney region, form soil seedbanks and regenerate through post-fire germination. However, a germination response is determined by the fire regime acting as a selective pressure over a sufficient period of time, rather than a single fire. The components of the fire-regime are intensity, season, type and frequency. The natural fire regime is dominated by warm-season fire, but management burning is conducted in cooler seasons. Cool season burning produces lower levels of germination than warm season fires in a number of locations with Mediterranean-type climate, but the effects of cool season burning on species composition in the relatively aseasonal Sydney region is unknown. An experimental approach was adopted to address this lack of knowledge. Fire can be simulated using heat shock and smoke (fire cues), and the seasonal factors of temperature and water availability can be reproduced in the laboratory. I have investigated the effect of various combinations of heat shock and smoke, of various pre-and post-fire cue temperatures, of prefire cue hydration status, of various post-fire cue water availabilities, and of accelerated aging before application of fire cues on germination of a number of species forming soil seedbanks in the Sydney region. A degree of primary dormancy was overcome in most species by the combination of heat shock and smoke in the current investigation. Fire intensity is expected to influence germination, as germination of most species was increased by the combination of heat shock and smoke within a narrow heat shock range.The interaction between ambient temperature and the level of heat shock may affect germination. Soil water content, and thus seed moisture content at the time of a fire may interact with the level of heat shock to affect both germination and survival of a seed. The age of a seed may also affect its germination response to fire. The above factors are predicted to affect the germination of species differently, and thus season of fire is expected to alter species composition. Such predictions can be readily field-testedDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Sosnoskie, Lynn Marie. "Investigations in weed biology studies at the plant, population, and community levels /." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1102976937.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xx, 147 p.; also includes graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 137-147).
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Harbuck, Kristin Suzanne Bates. "Weed seedbank dynamics and composition of Northern Great Plains cropping sytems." Thesis, Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/harbuck/HarbuckK0807.pdf.
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With a growing concern about sustainability of agricultural production systems, interest in integrated weed management systems has increased. Increasing the understanding of weed seedbank dynamics will improve efficiency of management. The objectives of this study were to 1) quantify weed seedbank dynamics in response to seed density and burial depth, 2) determine weed seedbank decay at varying seed densities and burial depths, 3) quantify weed seed predation in wheat and tilled fallow fields, and 4) characterize and compare weed seedbanks in organic and conventional no-tillage production fields. Objective 1 was carried out at Montana State University's Arthur H. Post Agronomy Farm. Seedbanks were established at four densities and two burial depths. Weekly seedling counts were taken for two consecutive growing seasons. Data indicated higher density seedbanks had lower proportions of emergence. Individual species responded differently to depth treatments. We concluded that management affecting seed density and depth will affect seedling emergence. Objective 2 was carried out in the same plots as objective 1. Seedbank samples were used to separate seeds. We found that all studied species declined to low levels over two years with little difference due to depth and density. Wild oat seeds were more germinable in buried treatments. We concluded that seedbanks of these species will decline quickly with lack of seed inputs. Objective 3 was carried out in four spring wheat and four tilled fallow fields at Montana State University's Arthur Post Agronomy Farm. Surface seed predation was measured at six times during the growing season for four weed species. We observed that predation levels did not differ between wheat and fallow fields for three of four species. We conclude that seed predation can represent an important loss in Montana. Objective 4 was carried out in spring wheat production fields near Big Sandy, Montana. Weed seedbanks were sampled along a range of aboveground weed diversity points over two years. Weed seedbank composition and characteristics did not differ between cropping systems, but did between years. We conclude that weed seedbank diversity and richness may vary based more upon yearly environmental factors than the management system.
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Setter, Cassandra Marie. "Weed Control Effects on Native Species, Soil Seedbank Change, and Biofuel Production." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29318.
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Aphthona spp. flea beetles were released in the Little Missouri National Grasslands
(LMNG) in western North Dakota in 1999 to control leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.). The
changes in soil seed bank composition and leafy spurge density were evaluated on two
ecological sites five (2004) and ten years (2009) after Aphthona spp. release to monitor
the effectiveness of the insects on weed control and associated change in plant
communities. In 2009, leafy spurge stem density averaged 2 and 9 stems m-2 in the loamy
overflow and loamy sites, respectively, compared to 110 and 78 stems m-2, respectively, in
1999 and 7 and 10 stems m-2, respectively, in 2004. Leafy spurge constituted nearly 67%
of the loamy overflow seed bank in 1999 compared to 17% in 2004 and 2% in 2009. In the
loamy seedbank, the weed represented nearly 70% in 1999 compared to approximately
11% in 2004 and 15% in 2009. As leafy spurge was reduced, native species diversity and
seed count increased ten years following Aphthona spp. release. High-seral species
represented 17% of the loamy overflow seedbank in 2009, an increase from 5% in 1999.
However, Kentucky bluegrass, a non-target weedy species, increased over 250% in the
loamy overflow seedbank from 2004 to 2009. The reestablishment of native plant species
has often been slow in areas where leafy spurge was controlled using Aphthona spp. A
bioassay was completed to evaluate native grass establishment when grown in soil from
Aphthona spp. release and non-release sites throughout North Dakota. Native grass
production was not affected when grown in soil collected from established Aphthona spp. sites (1.5 g per pot) compared to soil without insects (1.6 g per pot). The cause of reduced
native grass production in sites with Aphthono spp. previously observed is unknown but
may have been due to a chemical inhibition caused by the insects within the soil that no
longer exists. The native warm-season switchgrass (Ponicum virgotum L.) may be an
alternative to corn for efficient biofuel production; however, control of cool-season grassy
weeds has been a problem in switchgrass production. Various herbicides were evaluated
for smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and quackgrass [Elymus repens (L.) Gould]
control in an established switchgrass stand near Streeter, ND and a weed-infested field in
Fargo, ND. Switchgrass yield was higher than the control 14 mo after treatment (MAT)
when aminocyclopyrachlor or sulfometuron were applied early in the growing season, but
no treatment provided satisfactory long-term grassy weed control. Herbicides were
reevaluated at increased rates for smooth bromegrass or quackgrass control in Fargo.
Sulfometuron provided 99% smooth bromegrass control when applied at 280 g ha-1 in the
fall but injured other grass and forb species as well. Sulfometuron would likely be
injurious to switchgrass and could not be used for biofuel production.
Aminocyclopyrachlor did not injure other grass species but only reduced smooth
bromegrass control by 76% when applied at 280 g ha-1 in the fall. No treatment provided
satisfactory long-term quackgrass control.
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Lewis, Timothy D. "Linking soil erosion processes with arable weed seedbank dynamics to inform sustainable cropping." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2014. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/48280cfd-6ec8-480a-bba5-3a98bea5b605.
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Accelerated soil erosion affects sustainable food production through the degradation of arable soils resulting in lower crop yields and compromising biodiversity. Over the past 50 years, the weed seedbank has been declining due to farming intensification, increased herbicide use and weed suppression through competitive autumn crop planting. However, there is less recognition of the potential of soil erosion affecting the weed seedbank. This thesis contributes to an improved understanding of the effect of geomorphological processes (soil erosion) on biological systems (weed seedbank) in arable ecosystems. The first investigation assessed whether the management of farm machinery field tramlines would decrease soil erosion rates and effect the movement of weed seeds. Over three winter seasons, eroded material was collected by a network of Gerlach Troughs. The results showed that tramline management with a spiked harrow decreased soil and seed loss by 93.9% and 86.56% respectively, compared to regular tyre tramlines. Analysis of seed data to runoff and sediment load found seeds were transported along with sediment (r2=0.62) rather than runoff (r2=0.2) over the long term. In addition, tramline management significantly affected the number of seed species transported (p<0.001), which was found to relate to seed morphologies. Overall, tramlines cause 0.01% - 0.32% seed fluxes annually depending on management. These findings have implications for farmers to protect tramlines from erosion and displace seeds through management thereby, preventing the loss of biodiversity within the field. The second investigation looked at the movement of weed seeds at the field scale by erosion through the use of a radionuclide (137Cs) tracer. A single field was sampled for seedbank and soil cores taken for 137Cs analysis in two sub field grids. The results indicated weak relationships between seedbank densities and erosion. The weak relationships in the grids (r2 =0.13, p =0.029 in 2011 and r2 =0.12, p = 0.036) were due to land management contributing to spatial variability within seedbank abundance and composition. Individual species showed mixed responses to erosion rates. The findings indicate farmers need to consider management strategies at field scale to effectively manage erosion and seedbanks because seedbank losses of between 2 – 2.5 % annually within the field which is linked to field scale sediment budgets. The third investigation looked at specific environmental controls that would affect soil erosion and seedbanks. This was achieved by using a portable rainfall simulator on plots containing either seeds from the natural seedbank or spiked with seeds. The key control was the presence of crop/vegetation cover in affecting erosion rates (p<0.001) and seed movement (p = 0.001). The presence of crop cover resulted in low erosion rates but a greater loss of seeds compared to plots with no crop cover. This was linked to vegetation cover providing a protective environment for weeds to grow and produce additional seeds via seed rain. Ground cover prevents erosion but also highlighted seed movement was higher than on bare soil due to a greater availability. This means that surface wash is more important than rainfall in causing seed transport. For spiked plots, more seeds were displaced in short (3 minute) events compared with long (6 minute) events (p = 0.04). This shows protecting the soil and seedbank from rainfall detachment is crucial to preventing transport of sediment and seeds that could enter other transport pathways (e.g. tramlines, rills, gullies). The fourth investigation looked into the processes and impacts of soil erosion on seedbanks at the catchment scale. This was done by establishing a monitoring station at the outlet of an arable catchment for one year to monitor discharge, suspended solids and seed flux. The results of monitoring in 2012 found seeds numbers were positively related to discharge (observed r2 = 0.62, p<0.001; observed plus modelled r2=0.50, p <0.001) and sediment load (observed r2 = 0.64, p<0.001; observed plus modelled r2= 0.89, p<0.001). Seed species had poor negative relationships with discharge (observed r2 = 0.03, p=0.357; observed plus modelled r2=0.11, p = 0.017) and sediment load (observed r2 <0.001, p=0.352; observed plus modelled r2=0.14, p=0.004). An initial estimate of losses from the catchment was around 0.008 – 0.027% of the weed seedbank. Interestingly, there appeared to be a trend in the abundance of seed collected relating to patterns of farming activity within the catchment. This finding has management implications as there is evidence, for the first time, of arable weed seeds being exported from the catchments, which could affect other agricultural land and ecosystems downstream. The findings of these four investigations showed that the effect of soil erosion on the seedbank is connected at different spatial scales. Scope for future work is to improve the understanding of the role of seed morphologies, land management and field scale processes affecting the transportability of seeds by erosion processes.
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Reed, Garret W. "Solarization as a means to eliminate invasive plant species and target the seedbank." Scholarly Commons, 2009. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/735.
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The Calaveras River is a unique riparian habitat in San Joaquin County, influenced by both tidal water from the San Francisco Bay and impounded rainwater from the New Hogan Dam. The Calaveras River is one of the few river systems in California that does not benefit from snowpack melt. This dynamic system has changed dramatically in both its species composition and hydrodynamic regime due to years of human influences. What was once a thriving population of native plant species has become an environment dominated almost completely by aggressive exotic invasive species. The goal of this project was to remove the nonnative plant habitat by the most cost effective and least labor intensive means. The study area was along a section of river that bisects the University of Pacific campus in Stockton, California. From years of invasive species presence a deep seedbank has developed within the soil which acts to reduce the effectiveness of native plant reintroductions. A technique known as "solarization" was used to eliminate the seedbank and to facilitate the survival of native plants. Tarps were used to eradicate existing plants followed by disturbance of the soil and watering to induce germination of subsoil weed seeds. As the new plant seedlings emerge, tarps are reapplied to eliminate that generation of seedbank plants. After four time series of tarping and watering, a significant difference was found between control plots and treatments utilizing the solarization technique. Treatment 2, which consisted of tarping without weight, was determined to best target the seedbank after four repetitions and resulted in reducing invasive species in the seed bank.
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Kelton, Jessica Ann Price Andrew J. "Herbicide performance and weed seedbank dynamics as affected by high residue conservation agriculture systems." Auburn, Ala., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1929.
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Hazelton, Eric L. G. "Impacts of Phragmites australis Management on Wetland Plant Community Recovery, Seedbank Composition, and the Physical Environment in the Chesapeake Bay." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7229.
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Biological invasions have adverse economic, cultural, and ecological effects worldwide. Among the most impactful in North America is the invasion of Phragmites australis (Phragmites), a large-scale clonal grass that rapidly colonizes wetlands. Phragmites crowds out native plants and alters habitat for native fauna. In doing so, Phragmites also alters human access to water resources and has adverse economic effects, including decreasing property value, inhibiting recreational use, and limiting populations of game species.
The efforts described in this dissertation are a component of a large, multidisciplinary effort to better understand the anthropogenic stressors to Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, at the land/water interface. Utah State University worked in collaboration with the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center and other academic and public organizations to address this problem from multiple directions. The diverse and extensive studies ranged from aquatic and avian faunal composition and submerged aquatic vegetation to our work on the invasive wetland grass, Phragmites.
Having assessed the existing literature and its shortcomings, we conducted a large-scale, long-term study of the effects of Phragmites removal on the Bay. By removing Phragmites from plots in select sub-estuaries of Chesapeake Bay through herbicide spraying, leaving associated plots intact, and comparing both with native wetland conditions, we sought to better understand herbicidal management of Phragmites and the potential for wetland plant community recovery. Although sprayings decreased the relative cover, stem diameters, and stem densities of Phragmites, we found that herbicide treatment alone was not adequate to restore native plant communities or significantly affect seedbank composition. Our results demonstrate the resilience of Phragmites and call for a diverse range of control measures, including mowing, grazing, burning to expose the seedbank to germination, and—if economics allow—active revegetation to establish the desired plant community composition.
This dissertation provides beneficial data for those who seek to manage Phragmites in wetland plant communities, but there is much work still to be done. The literature review, seedbank study, and community analysis included in this volume are components of a larger research program on Phragmites management. Future studies should, in particular, investigate revegetation and nutrient amelioration as means to recover pre-invasion vegetation.
Books on the topic "Seedbanks"
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Ratté, Guy. Seedbank studies on barren and semi-barren sites in the Sudbury region. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, Department of Biology, 1987.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Seedbanks"
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Jha, Prashant, Rakesh K. Godara, and Amit J. Jhala. "Targeting Weed Seedbanks." In Biology, Physiology and Molecular Biology of Weeds, 12–26. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2017. | “A science publishers book.”: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315121031-2.
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Vernooy, Ronnie, Farida Akhter, Sergio Alonzo, Mpolokeng Lydia Mokoena, Andrew Mushita, Gloria Otieno, and Pitambar Shrestha. "Strengthening Smallholder Farmers’ Capacity to Adapt to Climate Change: Roles of Community Seedbanks." In Handbook of Climate Change Management, 1–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22759-3_29-1.
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Batlla, Diego, Cristian Malavert, Rocío Belén Fernández Farnocchia, and Roberto Benech-Arnold. "Modelling Weed Seedbank Dormancy and Germination." In Decision Support Systems for Weed Management, 61–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44402-0_4.
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Blath, Jochen, Bjarki Eldon, Adrián González Casanova, and Noemi Kurt. "Genealogy of a Wright-Fisher Model with Strong SeedBank Component." In XI Symposium on Probability and Stochastic Processes, 81–100. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13984-5_4.
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Welsch, Roger L. "Sowbelly and Seedbanks." In The Living History Anthology, 226–29. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429427282-34.
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Hartigan, John. "Care and Its Publics." In Care of the Species. University of Minnesota Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5749/minnesota/9780816685301.003.0009.
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Chapter Eight shifts gears to consider how publics are engaged by the gardens. This chapter shows how people varyingly interact with and respond to botanical knowledge as they encounter plants along branching garden paths. But it also examines important sites that are not open to the public—seedbanks, crucial sites for discussions of biodiversity but that also challenge our basic understandings of gardens.
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Mesquita, Mário Luiz Ribeiro. "Weed Seedbank in Rice Fields." In Advances in International Rice Research. InTech, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/66676.
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"Investigation 10: Management History and the Weed Seedbank." In Field and Laboratory Investigations in Agroecology, 103–14. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b17884-16.
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"Investigation 10. Management History and the Weed Seedbank." In Field and Laboratory Investigations in Agroecology, 127–42. CRC Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b17275-17.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Seedbanks"
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TODA, YUJI, YUEXIA ZHOU, and EIJIRO KUBO. "SEEDBANK FORMATION AND INITIAL RECRUITMENT OF RIPARIAN VEGETATION ONTO BARE BAR IN SAND BED RIVER." In 38th IAHR World Congress. The International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/38wc092019-1358.
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SUTOMO, SUTOMO. "Perbandingan komposisi dan keanekaragaman jenis yang berasal dari soil seedbank pada kawasan yang terganggu dan tidak terganggu erupsi 2010 di gunung Merapi, Yogyakarta." In Seminar Nasional Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia. Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/psnmbi/m010406.
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Doyle Prestwich, Barbara. "Learning beyond the classroom - Importance of residential fieldcourses in teaching plant biology." In Learning Connections 2019: Spaces, People, Practice. University College Cork||National Forum for the Enhancement of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/lc2019.28.
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The establishment of physic gardens (gardens particularly focused on plants with medicinal properties) dates back to the middle of the 16th century and generally had strong links with university medical schools (Bennett, 2014). Wyse Jackson in 1999 described botanic gardens as ‘institutions holding documented collections of living plants for the purposes of scientific research, conservation, display and education’. In 2014, Bennet described the role of botanic gardens in university education as akin to learning in Paradise. By 2050 it is predicted that almost two thirds of the world’s population will live in an urban environment. This may have a huge impact on our ability to both experience and understand the natural world. Plants have a massive impact on the earth’s environment. This paper focuses on learning beyond the classroom in botanic & physic gardens and in industry settings using the annual Applied Plant Biology fieldcourse in UCC as a case study. The Applied Plant Biology residential fieldcourse has been running for the past five years (started in 2014) and takes place around Easter each year. I am the coordinator. It is a 5 day residential course for 3rd year Plant Science students. The learning outcomes of the fieldtrip state that; students should be able to discuss recent developments in industrial plant science research (facilitated in part by visits to a multinational (Syngenta) and smaller family owned companies (Tozers)); be able to explain worldwide plant conservation approaches and plant biodiversity in the context of different plant ecosystems and anthropogenic environmental impacts through engagement with such centers of excellence as Kew Botanic Gardens in London, Kew’s Millenium Seedbank Wakehurst in Sussex and the Chelsea Physic Garden in central London.