Journal articles on the topic 'Seed traits'
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1
Rameeh, Valiollah. "Combining ability and heritability estimates of main agronomic characters in rapeseed breeding lines using line × tester analysis." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 57, no. 3 (2012): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas1203111r.
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To estimate the general and specific combining ability (GCA and SCA) effects of plant height, yield components, seed yield and oil content, three testers and six lines of spring type of rapeseed varieties were crossed using line ? tester fashion. Significant mean squares of parents and crosses for all the traits indicated significant genetic variation among the parents and their F1 crosses. Significant mean squares of parents vs crosses revealed significant average heterosis for all the traits except seeds per pod, 1000-seed weight and oil content. High narrow-sense heritability estimates for all the traits except seeds per pod, indicating the importance of additive genetic effects for these traits. Due to more importance of additive genetic effects for most of the traits, only a few of the crosses exhibited significant SCA effects. A significant positive correlation between seed yield and some of yield components including pods on main axis, pods per plant and 1000-seed weight indicates that these traits can be used as suitable selection criteria for improving of seed yield. The crosses including Opt ? R01, RG06 ? R01, RG06 ? R08 and RGS3 ? R08 with 3241.91, 3213.68, 3334.28 and 3237.45 kg ha-1 of seed yield detected as prior combinations for improving of this trait and all of these combinations had also positive SCA effect for this trait.
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Klein, Melinda A., and Michael A. Grusak. "Identification of nutrient and physical seed trait QTL in the model legume Lotus japonicus." Genome 52, no. 8 (August 2009): 677–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g09-039.
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Legume seeds have the potential to provide a significant portion of essential micronutrients to the human diet. To identify the genetic basis for seed nutrient density, quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was conducted with the Miyakojima MG-20 × Gifu B-129 recombinant inbred population from the model legume Lotus japonicus . This population was grown to seed under greenhouse conditions in 2006 and 2007. Phenotypic data were collected for seed calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), and zinc (Zn) concentrations and content. Data for physical seed traits (average seed mass and seed–pod allocation values) were also collected. Based on these phenotypic data, QTL analyses identified 103 QTL linked to 55 different molecular markers. Transgressive segregation, identified within this recombinant inbred population for both seed nutrient and physical traits, suggests new allelic combinations are available for agronomic trait improvement. QTL co-localization was also seen, suggesting that common transport processes might contribute to seed nutrient loading. Identification of loci involved in seed mineral density can be an important first step in identifying the genetic factors and, consequently, the physiological processes involved in mineral distribution to developing seeds. Longer term research efforts will focus on facilitating agronomic breeding efforts through ortholog identification in related crop legumes.
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Naeem, Muhammad, I. M. Verry, P. D. Kemp, J. P. Millner, and W. M. Williams. "Seed production trait associations and inheritance in interspecific hybrids between Trifolium repens (white clover) and Trifolium uniflorum." Crop and Pasture Science 68, no. 9 (2017): 885. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp17048.
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Trifolium repens L. (white clover) is an important component of temperate pastures, but its root morphology makes it vulnerable to drought and pest attack. T. uniflorum is a wild species, adapted to dry environments, with deep woody roots but poor vegetative growth and only 1–3 florets per inflorescence (head). Interspecific hybridisation to incorporate the drought tolerance and root characteristics of T. uniflorum into white clover led to primary hybrids (F1 and BC1) with poor seed production. Advanced-generation hybrids expressed high variation for almost all seed-production traits, and seed production responded to selection. To inform future breeding programs, trait associations and heritabilities were analysed. Numbers of heads per plant, florets per head and seeds per floret were important factors with moderate–high heritabilities. The derived traits, numbers of seeds per head, florets per plant and seeds per plant, expressed low–moderate heritabilities. No negative associations between seed production and root traits were found in the hybrids, nor were there any negative associations among head production, persistence and foliage production. Selection for improved seed-production traits should be effective without adversely affecting vegetative traits.
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Arif, Mian Abdur Rehman, Evgenii G. Komyshev, Mikhail A. Genaev, Vasily S. Koval, Nikolay A. Shmakov, Andreas Börner, and Dmitry A. Afonnikov. "QTL Analysis for Bread Wheat Seed Size, Shape and Color Characteristics Estimated by Digital Image Processing." Plants 11, no. 16 (August 12, 2022): 2105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11162105.
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The size, shape, and color of wheat seeds are important traits that are associated with yield and flour quality (size, shape), nutritional value, and pre-harvest sprouting (coat color). These traits are under multigenic control, and to dissect their molecular and genetic basis, quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis is used. We evaluated 114 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) in a bi-parental RIL mapping population (the International Triticeae Mapping Initiative, ITMI/MP) grown in 2014 season. We used digital image analysis for seed phenotyping and obtained data for seven traits describing seed size and shape and 48 traits of seed coat color. We identified 212 additive and 34 pairs of epistatic QTLs on all the chromosomes of wheat genome except chromosomes 1A and 5D. Many QTLs were overlapping. We demonstrated that the overlap between QTL regions was low for seed size/shape traits and high for coat color traits. Using the literature and KEGG data, we identified sets of genes in Arabidopsis and rice from the networks controlling seed size and color. Further, we identified 29 and 14 candidate genes for seed size-related loci and for loci associated with seed coat color, respectively.
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Ribeiro, Leandro C., Eduardo R. M. Barbosa, and Fabian Borghetti. "How regional climate and seed traits interact in shaping stress–tolerance of savanna seeds?" Seed Science Research 31, no. 4 (November 2, 2021): 300–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258521000234.
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AbstractFunctional traits related to regeneration responses to the environment are highly determinants of distribution patterns of plant communities. A large body of studies on seed traits suggests that regional climate may act as a strong filter of plant recruitment; however, few studies have evaluated the relative importance of seed traits and environmental filters for seed persistence at the population level. We tested the role of seed mass, water content and desiccation tolerance, as well as the germination time as proxies for seed tolerance to environmental filters (water deficit, heat shock and high temperatures) by comparing the response of tree species co-occurring in savannas located in different regions: Cerrado biome of Central Brazil and the Rio Branco savannas of northern Brazil. Seeds collected in savannas of Rio Branco showed a higher tolerance to environmental filters than those collected in savannas of the Cerrado. While the germination percentages largely varied in response to the treatments, the germination times were virtually unaffected by them, irrespective of seed origin, seed mass and water content. At the population level, the regional environment was a key determinant of seed tolerance to stress, irrespective of seed traits. Germination time was shown to represent a conservative seed trait and more linked to a species-specific germination strategy than to regional characteristics. Our results suggest that recruitment patterns of Cerrado savannas may be more impacted than Rio Branco savannas by the climate scenarios predicted for the future.
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Sellami, Mohamed Houssemeddine, Cataldo Pulvento, and Antonella Lavini. "Selection of Suitable Genotypes of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) under Rainfed Conditions in South Italy Using Multi-Trait Stability Index (MTSI)." Agronomy 11, no. 9 (September 8, 2021): 1807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091807.
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Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is a popular legume crop in the Mediterranean region, widely grown for its nutritious seeds and improving soil fertility. Lentil yield is a critical and challenging trait for crop genetic improvement because it is influenced by various factors that have detrimental effects on seed yields and seed quality traits. This research was carried out in Italy between 2017 and 2019 to identify high-performing stable genotypes presenting multiple desirable traits and to assess the seed quality of 13 lentil accessions in the field. According to the results of the multi-trait stability index (MTSI), (1) only three accessions (Altamura, Easton, and Caltagirone) fared better in various environmental conditions, and (2) the selected accessions had strength toward seed yield (SY), above-ground biomass (AGB), and 1000-seed weight (THS). The genotype × environment interaction (GEI) effects were highly significant for all traits. During the third growing season, most lentil accessions were sensitive to frost. There was no correlation between lentil seed yield and protein concentration. The MTSI is a useful tool for breeders interested in selecting accessions based on their mean performance and stability, as well as desirable traits and minimum multicollinearity issues.
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Gondo, Takahiro, Shusei Sato, Kenji Okumura, Satoshi Tabata, Ryo Akashi, and Sachiko Isobe. "Quantitative trait locus analysis of multiple agronomic traits in the model legume Lotus japonicus." Genome 50, no. 7 (July 2007): 627–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g07-040.
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The first quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of multiple agronomic traits in the model legume Lotus japonicus was performed with a population of recombinant inbred lines derived from Miyakojima MG-20 × Gifu B-129. Thirteen agronomic traits were evaluated in 2004 and 2005: traits of vegetative parts (plant height, stem thickness, leaf length, leaf width, plant regrowth, plant shape, and stem color), flowering traits (flowering time and degree), and pod and seed traits (pod length, pod width, seeds per pod, and seed mass). A total of 40 QTLs were detected that explained 5%–69% of total variation. The QTL that explained the most variation was that for stem color, which was detected in the same region of chromosome 2 in both years. Some QTLs were colocated, especially those for pod and seed traits. Seed mass QTLs were located at 5 locations that mapped to the corresponding genomic positions of equivalent QTLs in soybean, pea, chickpea, and mung bean. This study provides fundamental information for breeding of agronomically important legume crops.
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Moore, Candace R., David S. Gronwall, Nathan D. Miller, and Edgar P. Spalding. "Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci Affecting Arabidopsis thaliana Seed Morphology Features Extracted Computationally From Images." G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.112.003806.
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Abstract Seeds are studied to understand dispersal and establishment of the next generation, as units of agricultural yield, and for other important reasons. Thus, elucidating the genetic architecture of seed size and shape traits will benefit basic and applied plant biology research. This study sought quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling the size and shape of Arabidopsis thaliana seeds by computational analysis of seed phenotypes in recombinant inbred lines derived from the small-seeded Landsberg erecta × large-seeded Cape Verde Islands accessions. On the order of 103 seeds from each recombinant inbred line were automatically measured with flatbed photo scanners and custom image analysis software. The eight significant QTL affecting seed area explained 63% of the variation, and overlapped with five of the six major-axis (length) QTL and three of the five minor-axis (width) QTL, which accounted for 57% and 38% of the variation in those traits, respectively. Because the Arabidopsis seed is exalbuminous, lacking an endosperm at maturity, the results are relatable to embryo length and width. The Cvi allele generally had a positive effect of 2.6–4.0%. Analysis of variance showed heritability of the three traits ranged between 60% and 73%. Repeating the experiment with 2.2 million seeds from a separate harvest of the RIL population and approximately 0.5 million seeds from 92 near-isogenic lines confirmed the aforementioned results. Structured for download are files containing phenotype measurements, all sets of seed images, and the seed trait measuring tool.
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Meru, Geoffrey, and Cecilia McGregor. "Genetic Mapping of Seed Traits Correlated with Seed Oil Percentage in Watermelon." HortScience 48, no. 8 (August 2013): 955–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.48.8.955.
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Egusi watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai subsp. mucosospermus var. egusi (C. Jeffrey) Mansf.] is known for its distinctive fleshy-pericarp seed phenotype and high seed oil percentage (SOP). The seed is part of the daily diet in West Africa where it is used in soups and stews or processed for cooking oil. Genetic mapping studies have revealed that most of the variation in SOP between egusi and normal, non-egusi seed is explained by the egusi (eg) locus, which is also associated with the unique seed phenotype. However, variation in SOP is also observed within egusi and normal seed types although the basis of this variation remains to be elucidated. A high correlation between kernel percentage (KP) and SOP has been observed in watermelon and other crops, and recent data also suggest an association between seed size and SOP in watermelon. The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship among SOP, KP, and seed size traits in watermelon and to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with the latter traits to facilitate marker-assisted selection (MAS) for traits correlated with SOP. KP showed a significant (α = 0.05) positive correlation with SOP in both egusi and normal seed types, whereas seed size traits showed significant negative correlations with SOP. QTL associated with KP and seed size traits in normal seed were colocalized with a previously mapped locus for SOP on linkage group (LG) 2, but in egusi seed, a QTL explaining 33% of phenotypic variation in KP was localized on LG 7. The results of this study show that SOP in watermelon is correlated with KP and seed size, but KP is associated with different loci in normal and egusi seed phenotypes.
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Prothro, Jason, Katherine Sandlin, Hussein Abdel-Haleem, Eleni Bachlava, Victoria White, Steven Knapp, and Cecilia McGregor. "Main and Epistatic Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Seed Size in Watermelon." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 137, no. 6 (November 2012): 452–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.137.6.452.
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Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is an important crop grown for both its edible flesh and seeds. Seed size is an important trait in watermelon breeding, with large seeds preferred for planting and edible seeds but small seeds preferred in fruit sold for consumption. Large, medium, and small seed sizes are thought to be controlled by two genes with epistatic interaction. A ‘Klondike Black Seeded’ × ‘New Hampshire Midget’ (KBS × NHM) recombinant inbred line population and a ZWRM 50 × PI 244019 (ZWRM × Citroides) F2 population were used to identify main effect quantitative trait loci (M-QTL) and epistatic QTL (E-QTL) associated with 100 seed weight (100SWT), seed length (SL), and seed width (SWD). Thirteen M-QTL were identified on four linkage groups (LGs) for the three traits in the two populations. Major M-QTL (R2 = 26.9% to 73.6%) were identified at the same location on LG 2 in both populations for all three traits. M-QTL for all three traits also colocalized on LG 9 in the ZWRM × Citroides population and on LG 4 for 100SWT and SL in the KBS × NHM population. Significant epistatic effects were found between the M-QTL on LG 2 and LG 4 in the KBS × NHM population and between LG 2 and LG 9 in the ZWRM × Citroides population. The phenotypic variance explained by the E-QTL was generally small. The stable, major M-QTL on LG 2 is a candidate for marker-assisted selection for seed size in watermelon.
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Cowling, Wallace A., and Allen Tarr. "Effect of genotype and environment on seed quality in sweet narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.)." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 55, no. 7 (2004): 745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar03223.
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Seed quality of 6 sweet narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) cultivars was measured in 126 field trials in Western Australia over 11 years at 55 locations to determine the effect of locations (l), years (y), genotypes (g), and genotype × environment interactions on total seed alkaloids, seed oil, seed protein, seed size, and hectolitre weight. The variance component for g exceeded the sum of those for g × l, g × y, and g × l × y for all traits. The ranking of cultivars for each seed quality trait was fairly constant across years and locations. The largest variance component was l × y, which indicated that the ranking of locations for seed quality traits was unpredictable from year to year. There was a strong negative correlation between seed oil and seed protein across the 6 cultivars (r = –0.96, P < 0.01) and 126 experiments (r = –0.522, P < 0.001). Large seeds, produced at some experimental sites, were associated with high seed alkaloids and high seed oil. Seed quality traits were not associated with soil pH, latitude, or longitude of the experiments, but low pre-season rainfall was associated with higher hectolitre weight. This study indicates that it should be possible to identify genotypes with superior quality from relatively few field trials. Progress in breeding for protein and oil combined will be slowed by the strong negative genotypic correlation between the two traits.
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Rameeh, Valiollah. "Heterosis and heterobeltiosis of yield associated traits in rapeseed cultivars under limited nitrogen application." Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo) 58, no. 3 (November 8, 2012): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10207-012-0009-4.
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Half F2 diallel crosses of six spring cultivars of rapeseed (Brassicanapus L.) were used to estimate heterosis effects of yield components, seed yield, oil percentage, and oil yield under limited nitrogen condition. Significant mean squares of general and specific combining abilities (GCA and SCA) were detected for pods per main axis, pods per plant, length of pod, seeds per pods, 1000-seed weight, seed yield, and oil content and oil yield indicated respectively the importance of additive and non-additive genetic effects for these traits. High narrowsense heritability estimates for 1000-seed weight, oil percentage, and oil yield indicating the prime importance of additive genetic effects for these traits. Most of the cross combinations with significant positive heterobeltiosis for seed yield had also significant heterobeltiosis effects for pods per plant and pods on main axis; therefore these traits can be used as indirect selection criteria for improving seed yield. Significant positive correlation of mean performances with heterosis and heterobeltiosis effects for most of the traits except 1000-seed weight indicated that selection of the superior crosses based on heterosis and heterobeltiosis effects will be effective for their mean performances improving these traits except 1000- seed weight. Significant positive correlation was determined between pods per plant and seed yield, indicating that this trait can be used as good selection criterion for seed yield improvement. The crosses including RAS-3/99 × RW-008911 and RAS- 3/99 × RGS-003 with high significant positive heterobeltiosis effects of seed yield were superior combinations for seed yield increasing.
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Jiang, Guo-Liang, Laban K. Rutto, and Shuxin Ren. "Evaluation of Soybean Lines for Edamame Yield Traits and Trait Genetic Correlation." HortScience 53, no. 12 (December 2018): 1732–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13448-18.
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Edamame is a vegetable or specialty soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) with high nutrition and market value. The market demand for edamame has significantly increased in the United States since its health and nutritional benefits became recognized. However, there are a limited number of domestically developed or improved edamame cultivars in the United States, and the knowledge of edamame is very limited. In this study, 86 breeding lines and cultivars of maturity group (MG) V and VI developed in the United States were evaluated in replicated field trials for edamame yield and agronomic traits in Virginia in 2015 and 2016. The results indicated that there were significant differences among the genotypes and between years in all the traits investigated (plant height, fresh biomass, pod yield, pod ratio, fresh seed yield, seed ratio, and 100-seed weights), but the yearly differences for dried 100-seed weight and dried-to-fresh ratio of seeds were insignificant. Genotype-by-year interaction effects were not significant in most cases. Estimates of the broad sense heritability varied with traits, from 23% to 88%. Coefficients of phenotypic and genotypic correlation were mostly low, but fresh pod and seed yields were highly correlated. Fresh biomass exhibited a positive phenotypic correlation with pod and seed yields, but the genotypic correlation coefficients were not significant. Twelve breeding lines were preliminarily identified to have greater edamame yield and desired traits. The information generated in this study will be helpful for edamame breeding and commercial production.
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Sultan, Sheikh Mohammad. "Study on genetic variability in some agro-morphological traits of Brassica rapa L. (Brown sarson) germplasm characterized under rainfed conditions of Kashmir, India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 2344–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i4.1535.
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36 Brassica rapa L. (Brown sarson) genotypes were characterized during two successive seasons of 2013/14 and 2014/15 along with two national checks (Puas Kalyani and GSL-2) and one local check variety (Shalimar-1) to assess the extent of variability and amount of variation in agro-morphological traits of plant height, number of primary branches/plant, days to 50% flowering, number of seeds/siliqua, seed yield/plant and 1000-seed weight. Important traits of plant height varied from 58.35 cm - 95.36 cm, seed yield/plant from 3.840 g - 18.470 g and 1000-seed weight from 2.746 g - 4.377 g. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences at 0.05 level of probability among different genotypes for these characters during a particular year while differences were non-significant in all the traits excepting days to 50% flowering when data of the two years was compared. Highest variability, phenotypic coefficient of variation (33.89%) and genotypic coefficient of variation (30.99%) were recorded for the trait seed yield/plant. High heritability coupled with high to moderate per cent genetic advance was recorded for seed yield/plant and 1000-seed weight indicating that these traits can be improved through simple selection. Moderate heritability with low genetic advance was observed in all other traits suggesting greater influence of environment. Promising donor genotypes for all these traits have been identified for possible utilization in breeding programmes in the region.
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Zhou, Rong, Komivi Dossa, Donghua Li, Jingyin Yu, Jun You, Xin Wei, and Xiurong Zhang. "Genome-Wide Association Studies of 39 Seed Yield-Related Traits in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 9 (September 17, 2018): 2794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092794.
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Sesame is poised to become a major oilseed crop owing to its high oil quality and adaptation to various ecological areas. However, the seed yield of sesame is very low and the underlying genetic basis is still elusive. Here, we performed genome-wide association studies of 39 seed yield-related traits categorized into five major trait groups, in three different environments, using 705 diverse lines. Extensive variation was observed for the traits with capsule size, capsule number and seed size-related traits, found to be highly correlated with seed yield indexes. In total, 646 loci were significantly associated with the 39 traits (p < 10−7) and resolved to 547 quantitative trait loci QTLs. We identified six multi-environment QTLs and 76 pleiotropic QTLs associated with two to five different traits. By analyzing the candidate genes for the assayed traits, we retrieved 48 potential genes containing significant functional loci. Several homologs of these candidate genes in Arabidopsis are described to be involved in seed or biomass formation. However, we also identified novel candidate genes, such as SiLPT3 and SiACS8, which may control capsule length and capsule number traits. Altogether, we provided the highly-anticipated basis for research on genetics and functional genomics towards seed yield improvement in sesame.
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Sankhyan, Hari, Vinod Kairon, and N. B. Singh. "Morphometric Variability in Soapnut (Sapindus Mukorossi) in Himachal Pradesh." Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 21, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2014-8yh2v0.
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In order to select better seed sources for improved genetic gain and quality production of Sapindus mukorossi, (Ritha) twenty four seed sources and two D.B.H. classes from Himachal Pradesh were evaluated for fruits and seeds morphometric traits. The study revealed significant variation among different seed sources for all traits. Over all Banjar seed source was found to be superior followed by Garsa seed source for all morphometric traits. All traits found genetically controlled as revealed by high heritabilities.
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Matthew, Sartie, and M. J. Faville. "A quantitative trait locus analysis of seed production traits in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 12 (January 1, 2006): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.12.2006.3039.
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A full-sib mapping population (n=188) from a cross between cultivars 'Grasslands Impact' and 'Grasslands Samson' was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling seed yield and component traits in perennial ryegrass. Thirteen traits, including seed yield per plant (SYP) and five seed yield components (number of spikes (SP), spikelets per spike (SS), florets per spikelet (FSP), seed weight (SW) and floret site utilisation (FSU)), seed yield per spike (SYH) and seven other seed yield-associated traits, were phenotypically assessed in a replicated spaced plant field experiment. Interval mapping identified 35 QTL for all traits but one, spanning all linkage groups (LG). Multiple QTL were detected for most traits. QTL for SYP and component traits, as well as some seed yield-associated traits, co-located to the same genomic regions on LG 1, 2 and 6. Markers associated with these regions, in particular, will form the basis for the on-going development of MAS tools for improvement of seed yield and quality in breeding programmes. Further development will require refinement of QTL positions and effects using multiple QTL mapping (MQM), and validation of QTL and associated markers in other genetic backgrounds and environments
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Jassiml, A. H., and J. M. Aziz. "Estimation of The Combining Ability and The Gene Action for Several of Genotypes for Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 904, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/904/1/012025.
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Abstract In this study, eight Flax genotypes ( Linum usitatissimum L.) and their half diallel crosses were used to estimate the combining ability and its general and specific effects for parents. The parents planted their twenty-eight hybrids at the research station of the Field Crops Department of the College of Agriculture - Tikrit University in the 2019-2020 season. In mid-November, the complete random sector design was used with three replications. to study the traits the duration to 50% flowering, plant height, number of vegetative branches, number of plant capsules, number of seeds per capsule, seeds yield by plant and weight 1000 seeds, average leaf weight, biological yield, leaf percentage, seed yield, and harvest index. The results showed by analyzing the second method of Griffing (b1956), the static model, That the percentage between the components of the combining ability general to the specific was greater than the correct one in the traits, duration to 50% flowering, plant height, duration to maturity, number of seeds per capsule, number of capsules per plant, weight of 1000 seeds and average weight of leaves, while the percentage was less than the correct one in the traits of the number of vegetative branches. Plant seed yield, leaf percentage, biological yield, seed yield, harvest index and that the best parents were significantly desirable due to the effect of their general combining ability to mix the parent (Sakha 2) and the traits of the number of vegetative branches, the number of capsules per plant, the seed yield per plant, the average leaf weight, the total seed yield, and the parent (Giza 8) for plant height, number of capsules per plant, average leaf weight, biological yield, and total seed yield and that the highest hybrids were significantly desirable for the effects of the special combining ability in the hybrid (Sakha 2 × Syrian), the trait of the number of capsules per plant, the number of seeds per capsule, the weight of 1000 seeds, the yield of seeds per plant, the total seed yield and the harvest index, The values of the dominant genetic variance were higher than the additional genetic variance in all traits except for plant height, duration to maturity, and number of seeds per plant, indicating the importance of the dominant gene action in controlling these traits. The values of the broad sense heritability were high in traits, duration to 50% flowering, number of capsules by plants, yield of seeds by plants, weight of 1000 seeds, seed yield and harvest index, The average for the traits was plant height, duration to maturity, average leaf weight and biological yield, and a narrow sense heritability was the average for the traits of the duration to 50% flowering, plant height, duration to maturity, number of capsules per plant, weight of 1000 seeds, average leaf weight. Regarding the average of the degree of dominance, it is noted that the duration to 50% flowering, the number of capsules by the plant, the yield of the seeds by the plant, the weight of 1000 seeds, the average leaf weight, the biological yield, the percentage of the leaves, the seed yield and the harvest index, were greater than the correct one, which indicates the existence of suppression segregates with the importance of the Dominant gene action. When estimating the genetic improvement as a percentage of the general average for each traits, it becomes clear that it was low for to most the studied traits except for the number of capsules in the plant. It was average.
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Rameeh, Valiollah. "Heterobeltiosis and interrelationship of some of important quantitative traits in oilseed rape genotypes." Open Agriculture 4, no. 1 (October 21, 2019): 591–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2019-0059.
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AbstractHalf diallel crosses of eight spring genotypes of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) were considered to evaluate heterobeltiosis effects of plant height, yield component characters, seed yield and harvest index. Significant mean squares of general and specific combining abilities (GCA and SCA) were determined for all the traits except 1000-seed weight demonstrating prominence of additive and non additive genetic effects for the mentioned traits. Narrow-sense heritability estimates were high for siliquae on main raceme and 1000-seed weight representing the major importance of additive genetic effects for the characters. Most of the crosses with significant positive high parent heterosis for seed yield had also significant heterotic effects for siliquae per plant; therefore, this trait can be considered as indirect selection criterion for enhancing seed yield. Seed yield was significantly correlated with the traits including plant height, siliquae on main raceme and siliquae per plant based on mean performances of the traits and this result was confirmed with correlations based on heterobeltiosis. The crosses including L41×LF2 and L31×L401 with highly significant heterobeltiosis estimates of grain yield were superior combinations for breeding this trait. which proved good specific combiners for most of the traits.
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Donaldson, Edwin. "Crop traits for water stress tolerance." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 11, no. 2-3 (September 1996): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300006846.
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AbstractCultivars vary considerably in how they respond to moisture stress throughout crop development. In areas of the Pacific Northwest with less than 250 mm of annual rainfall, win ter wheat is under moisture stress most of the time from planting to harvest. Cultivars must be ab le to absorb moisture, germinate, and emerge under high temperature, poor seed zone moisture, and deep seed cover. Moisture stress slows emergence and seedling development and reduces most yield components, including number of tillers, seeds per spike, seeds per unit area, seed size, and seed weight per unit volume. Additionally, leaf senescence and maturity are earfy under moisture stress conditions. A cultivar cannot obtain its potential yield with less than adequate moisture; therefore, under moisture stress fewer tillers and seeds are produced. Which plant structures are reduced is determined by the growth stage of the plant during stress, while the extent of this reduction is determined by the severity of moisture stress and the genotype of the cultivar.
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Hantsch, Lydia, Helge Bruelheide, and Alexandra Erfmeier. "High phenotypic variation of seed traits, germination characteristics and genetic diversity of an invasive annual weed." Seed Science Research 23, no. 1 (January 10, 2013): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096025851200030x.
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AbstractBoth phenotypic and genetic variation can affect the establishment success of exotic species. Using the weed Senecio vernalis Waldst. & Kit. with a continuous westward expansion of the native geographic range, we asked to what degree seed traits and germination patterns differ among different habitat disturbance types in the introduced region. We hypothesized that seed traits and germination pattern differ between different disturbance types, with lighter seeds and enhanced germination speed in highly disturbed habitats. Since S. vernalis colonizes successfully various disturbed habitats, we expected to find a high phenotypic genetic variation. Individuals from 19 populations were sampled from one region in Eastern Germany to study seed trait variation and germination success by means of a germination experiment and to assess genetic patterns using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Contrary to our expectation, habitat disturbance types did not differ in seed traits, germination characteristics or genetic variation. Instead, we found highest phenotypic and genetic variation within populations. Maximum percentage of germination was positively affected by seed mass. In addition, there was a weak but significant association between AFLP band patterns and population size and seed width, indicating that some variation in seed traits has a genetic component. In conclusion, the absence of a population differentiation at this geographic scale makes it unlikely that adaptation to different disturbance regimes is involved. Instead, a high variation in seed traits, overall high germination and genetic variation within populations under a wide range of habitat disturbance conditions seems to enable the offspring to colonize various habitat disturbance types.
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Rameeh, Valiollah. "Combining ability of phenological traits and seed yield in spring rapeseed genotypes." Plant Breeding and Seed Science 71, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/plass-2015-0021.
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Abstract Six parents and their 15 F2 diallel progenies, totally 21 genotypes, were evaluated for genetic parameters of quantitative characteristics. The traits of interest were growing degree days (GDDs) from sowing to the flowering (DDF), to end of flowering (DDE), flowering period (DFP), to maturity (DDM) and seed yield (SY). Significant mean squares of general combining ability (GCA) was exhibited for DDF, DDE, DFP, DDM and seed yield indicating significant differences of GCA effects of parents for these traits. Significant mean squares of specific combining ability (SCA) for all the traits exhibited the importance of non additive genetic effects for the traits. Significant ratio of MS(GCA)/MS(SCA) and high narrow sense heritability estimates for DDF, DDE, DDM indicating the prime importance of additive genetic effects for controlling these traits. DFP was also less heritable than the other phonological traits, so the efficiency of selection for this trait will be low. All of the combinations with significant negative SCA effects for DDM had at least one parent with significant negative GCA effect for this trait. PF7045/91 with significant positive GCA effect of SY, was best combiner for improving SY. Significant positive correlation between DDM and each of two traits including DDF and DDE, indicating these traits can be used as indirect selection criteria for improving DDM.
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King, Kevin, Huang Li, Jinling Kang, and Chaofu Lu. "Mapping quantitative trait loci for seed traits in Camelina sativa." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 132, no. 9 (June 8, 2019): 2567–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-019-03371-8.
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Naeem, Muhammad, Muhammad Awais Ghani, Rana Muhammad Atif, Muhammad Amjad, Tanveer Ahmad, Asmat Batool, Muhammad Muzammil Jahangir, Basharat Ali, Muhammad Mehran Abbas, and Muhammad Nadeem Akram. "Estimation of correlation and path coefficient for morphological and quality related traits in pea (Pisum sativum L.)." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 49, no. 3 (September 20, 2020): 549–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v49i3.49639.
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Statistical analysis of variance, correlation and path coefficient for morphological and quality related traits such as number of nodes, pod width, seeds per pod and mature seed length showed significant positive correlation. Furthermore, mature seed weight and 100-seed weight at 13 - 15% moisture content had significant relation with the quality related traits i.e. starch contents, protein contents and zinc contents. Plant height and number of nodes had positive indirect effect on pod length, pod weight, pod thickness, number of seeds per plant, 100-seed weight and other yield related traits. While, mature seed weight, seed length and seed thickness had positive indirect effect on the quality parameters.
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Duan, Yu, Tengyun Ye, Daiquan Ye, and Jian Zhou. "Seed Distribution and Phenotypic Variation in Different Layers of a Cunninghamia Lanceolata Seed Orchard." Forests 14, no. 2 (January 28, 2023): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14020240.
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The phenotypic characteristics of forest seeds are the basis of germplasm innovation, genetic improvement, and biological research, and they also are the reference for the development of seed orchards. In this study, we analyzed seed quantity characteristics, phenotypic differentiation, and variation patterns in three seed-bearing clones from different crown layers of the Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook) orchard located in Fujian Province, China. We divided the clones into six layers according to crown height and the sunny and shady sides, 14 phenotypic characteristics, and five quality indexes, and we measured the germination rate of seeds. The rate of seeds filled with tannin-like substance in the upper sunny layer was low, but it was high in the lower shady layer. The germination rate was highest in the upper sunny layer and lower in the middle and lower shady sides. Values of most of the 14 phenotypic traits tested differed significantly among clones and layers. The average value of the phenotypic differentiation coefficient was 81.16%, indicating that variation among clones explained most of the total phenotypic variation. The repeatability of the 14 phenotypic traits was high (R > 0.80), indicating that these traits are highly heritable. The phenotypic characteristics of cones and seeds varied from 6.86% to 129.51%. The 14 phenotypic traits exhibited different degrees of correlation, and seed weight, seed circumference, seed width, and seed area can be used to predict other seed traits. However, the correlations between cone traits were not strong. Our results show that when establishing a dwarfing Chinese fir seed orchard, the distribution and variation of seeds in different crown layers of clones should be considered, and clones with more cones in the lower crown layer should be selected as parents.
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Tola, Meseret, Bulti Tesso, and Berhanu Amsalu. "Genetic Variability and Association of Yield and Yield-Related Traits under Moisture Stress in Common Bean Genotypes (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at Melkassa and Miesso, Ethiopia." Advances in Agriculture 2023 (January 27, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/8697497.
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Twenty-five common bean genotypes were evaluated to assess the genetic variability, trait association, and determine the direct and indirect effects of traits on seed yield. The genotypes were grown in a lattice design at the research farm of the Melkassa Agricultural Research Center, Melkassa and Miesso, in the 2018 cropping season. Analysis of variance revealed that significant differences were observed among the genotypes at individual locations. The phenotypic coefficient of variation values were moderate for number of nodes, seeds per pod, plant height, and hundred seed weight at Melkassa. Moderate genotypic coefficient of variation values were obtained for pods per plant and seeds per pod. At Miesso, moderate phenotypic coefficients of variation values were recorded for number of nodes, hundred seed weight, and plant height. High heritability estimates were obtained for seed yield and hundred seed weight at Melkassa and for seed yield at Miesso, indicating that selection could be fairly easy and improvement is possible using these traits in a common bean breeding program. High genetic advances were obtained for seed yield and pods per plant at Melkassa, while moderate genetic advances as a percent of the mean were attained for plant height, hundred seed weight, and seeds per pod. Similarly, at Miesso, high and moderate genetic advances as percent of mean values were obtained for seed yield and hundred seed weight, respectively. Seed yield showed positive and significant phenotypic association with days to flowering, internode length, and pods per plant at Melkassa and had positive and significant phenotypic association with seeds per pod and hundred seed weight at Miesso. Hence, selection of those genotypes based on the traits with high genotypic coefficient of variability, heritability, genetic advance, and positive correlation coefficient and direct effect on seed yield can be recommended for further yield improvement at the respective location and at the national level in general.
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Fenollosa, Erola, Laia Jené, and Sergi Munné-Bosch. "Geographic patterns of seed trait variation in an invasive species: how much can close populations differ?" Oecologia 196, no. 3 (July 2021): 747–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-021-04971-2.
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AbstractSeeds play a major role in plant species persistence and expansion, and therefore they are essential when modeling species dynamics. However, homogeneity in seed traits is generally assumed, underestimating intraspecific trait variability across the geographic space, which might bias species success models. The aim of this study was to evaluate the existence and consequences of interpopulation variability in seed traits of the invasive species Carpobrotus edulis at different geographical scales. We measured seed production, morphology, vigour and longevity of nine populations of C. edulis along the Catalan coast (NE Spain) from three differentiated zones with a human presence gradient. Geographic distances between populations were contrasted against individual and multivariate trait distances to explore trait variation along the territory, evaluating the role of bioclimatic variables and human density of the different zones. The analysis revealed high interpopulation variability that was not explained by geographic distance, as regardless of the little distance between some populations (< 0.5 km), significant differences were found in several seed traits. Seed production, germination, and persistence traits showed the strongest spatial variability up to 6000% of percent trait variability between populations, leading to differentiated C. edulis soil seed bank dynamics at small distances, which may demand differentiated strategies for a cost-effective species management. Seed trait variability was influenced by human density but also bioclimatic conditions, suggesting a potential impact of increased anthropogenic pressure and climate shifts. Geographic interpopulation trait variation should be included in ecological models and will be important for assessing species responses to environmental heterogeneity and change.
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Pourmohammad, A., F. Shekari, and V. Soltaniband. "Cycocel Priming and Foliar Application Affect Yield Components of Rapeseed (Brassica Napus L.)." Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 47, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cerce-2014-0007.
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ABSTRACT A factorial based on RCBD experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of priming and foliar spray of cycocel on rapeseed yield components. Treatments were included; seed priming (0, 600, 900, 1200, 1500 μM) and foliar spray (0, 600, 1200 μM) with cycocel at development stage of flower buds. The results revealed that seed priming with cycocel significantly increased emerged plant number per plot, silique dry weight in the main stems and branches, plant dry weight, branches number, silique number in the main stems and branches, seed number in branches, 1000 seeds weight, and seed yield in non-stress conditions. Foliar application with cycocel also increased plant dry weight, 1000 seeds weight in branches, harvest index and seed yield. Moreover, interaction effect of priming and foliar application of cycocel increased plant dry weight and 1000 seeds weight with branches. CCC foliar application during the early stages of reproductive stage went to elevated plant dry weight and 1000 seeds weight in auxiliary branches and, also increased harvest index and grain yield. Mean comparison and interaction effects of traits also revealed that, appropriate levels of CCC had the meaningful effects on any agronomic and physiological trait. However, the most meaningful impact in most traits was traced in case with primed seed with 900 and 1500 μM CCC. Overall, owing to the present data, CCC priming under both normal and harsh conditions may raise the germination related traits, seedling establishment, plant growth and ultimately may goes to increased yield.
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Kim, Jinhee, Suhyoung Park, Junho Lee, Koeun Han, Yoonah Jang, and Wonbyoung Chae. "A Preliminary Study for Identifying Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Seed Production in Radish Using Genotyping-by-Sequencing." Horticulturae 8, no. 3 (March 20, 2022): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8030268.
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The high yield of seeds can reduce the cost of seed production for parental lines, as well as F1 cultivars in radish. The number of seeds per silique and silique length are two important traits among traits determining seed yield, but no study has been conducted on their quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in radish. A high-density linkage map was constructed, based on genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) of the F2 population, derived from two parental lines, significantly differed by the two traits, which were grown in a controlled environment to minimize the environmental effects. Using the map with 848 SNPs, three significant QTLs were identified, two and one of which were associated with the number of seeds per silique and silique length, respectively. Ortholog analysis was conducted with Arabidopsis thaliana genes, related to the number of seeds per silique, and revealed five radish putative candidate genes. These putative candidate genes appear to be related to ovule, embryo sac, embryo, pollen and seed development, as well as a double fertilization process. The method to pollinate the F2 population, as well as preliminary QTLs and SNPs therein, can be helpful for future QTL studies to improve seed production in radish breeding programs.
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Janusauskaite, Daiva, and Kristyna Razbadauskiene. "Comparison of Productivity and Physiological Traits of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Varieties under Conditions of Boreal Climatic Zone." Agronomy 11, no. 4 (April 7, 2021): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11040707.
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This study aimed to evaluate and compare the physiological traits, productivity, and seed quality of nine faba bean varieties grown in a field trial under the Boreal climate conditions. A two-factor field experiment was laid out in a split-plot design: The seeds in the main plots were sown and treated with seed fungicide (SF) and untreated (without SF) (factor A). The sub-plots were assigned to nine varieties (factor B). The physiological traits of faba bean significantly varied among the varieties, and the behavior of faba bean varieties differed between the two growing seasons. The values of physiological traits for varieties Julia and Boxer significantly surpassed the trial mean under wet conditions, while the trait values for Fuego and Bioro were surpassed under conditions of a lack of moisture. Fungicidal seed treatment had a negligible effect on the physiological traits, while it had a significant negative influence on the leaf area index at the beginning of the flowering stage. SF had a noticeable effect on seed yield only for the varieties Nida DS and Fuego. The findings of the study revealed that Fuego and Isabell were the most suitable faba bean varieties for cultivation in the Boreal climate zone as they were distinguished from the other tested ones by the highest seed yields.
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Olomitutu, Oluwaseyi E., Rajneesh Paliwal, Ayodeji Abe, Olubusayo O. Oluwole, Olaniyi A. Oyatomi, and Michael T. Abberton. "Genome-Wide Association Study Revealed SNP Alleles Associated with Seed Size Traits in African Yam Bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa (Hochst ex. A. Rich.) Harms)." Genes 13, no. 12 (December 13, 2022): 2350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13122350.
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Seed size is an important yield and quality-determining trait in higher plants and is also crucial to their evolutionary fitness. In African yam bean (AYB), seed size varies widely among different accessions. However, the genetic basis of such variation has not been adequately documented. A genome-wide marker-trait association study was conducted to identify genomic regions associated with four seed size traits (seed length, seed width, seed thickness, and 100-seed weight) in a panel of 195 AYB accessions. A total of 5416 SNP markers were generated from the diversity array technology sequence (DArTseq) genotype-by-sequencing (GBS)- approach, in which 2491 SNPs were retained after SNP quality control and used for marker-trait association analysis. Significant phenotypic variation was observed for the traits. Broad-sense heritability ranged from 50.0% (seed width) to 66.4% (seed length). The relationships among the traits were positive and significant. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) using the general linear model (GLM) and the mixed linear model (MLM) approaches identified 12 SNP markers significantly associated with seed size traits across the six test environments. The 12 makers explained 6.5–10.8% of the phenotypic variation. Two markers (29420334|F|0-52:C>G-52:C>G and 29420736|F|0-57:G>T-57:G>T) with pleiotropic effects associated with seed width and seed thickness were found. A candidate gene search identified five significant markers (100026424|F|0-37:C>T-37:C>T, 100041049|F|0-42:G>C-42:G>C, 100034480|F|0-31:C>A-31:C>A, 29420365|F|0-55:C>G-55:C>G, and 29420736|F|0-57:G>T-57:G>T) located close to 43 putative genes whose encoding protein products are known to regulate seed size traits. This study revealed significant makers not previously reported for seed size in AYB and could provide useful information for genomic-assisted breeding in AYB.
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Kumar, Ranjeet, H. Gupta, and K. Chauhan. "Estimation of genetic and environment variability for seedling traits in Pinus roxburghii Sargent." Indian Journal of Forestry 29, no. 2 (June 1, 2006): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2006-h04hf2.
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Seeds were collected from 42 seed sources and a part of the seeds were used to study seed length, seed width, 100-seed weight, germination, germination value, and germination energy index under laboratory condition. Seeds were sown in the nursery in randomized block design with four replications during June 1999. After six months of growth in the nursery, data were recorded on 10 randomly selected seedlings per treatment for field germination, seedling height, collar diameter, needle length, dry shoot weight, total carbohydrates, total sugar, starch, reducing sugar, non reducing sugar, phenols and amino acids. The study revealed that all seed traits, laboratory germination traits, morphological traits and all biochemical traits showed significant variation. Highest heritability estimates in conjunction with high genetic gain of field germination are more reliable in predicting the resultant genetic progress through selection.
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Cook, David E., and Katy Martin Rainey. "Seed Coat Deficiency, Trait Stability, and Other Soybean Seed Quality Traits for Natto Cultivar Development." Crop Science 50, no. 4 (July 2010): 1244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2009.06.0300.
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Zhang, Hongmao, Zhenzhen Wang, Qinghuan Zeng, Gang Chang, Zhenyu Wang, and Zhibin Zhang. "Mutualistic and predatory interactions are driven by rodent body size and seed traits in a rodent–seed system in warm-temperate forest in northern China." Wildlife Research 42, no. 2 (2015): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr14211.
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Context Mutualistic interactions between animals and plants shape the structure of plant–animal systems and, subsequently, affect plant-community structure and regeneration. Aims To assess the effects of plant and rodent functional traits on the formation of mutualistic and predatory interactions regarding seed dispersal and predation in a warm-temperate forest. Methods Seed scatter-hoarding and predation by six sympatric rodent species on seeds belonging to five sympatric tree species were tested under enclosure conditions. Key results Functional traits (i.e. rodent body size and seed traits) are important to mutualism/predation in this seed–rodent system. The rodent–seed network is highly nested: large-sized rodents have mutualistic or predatory interactions with both large- and small-sized seed species, but small-sized rodents interacted with small-sized seed species only. Large seeds or seeds with hard coats enhanced mutualism and reduced predation. Conclusion Body size of rodents and seed traits such as handling time and nutritional value are key factors in the formation of mutualistic and predatory interactions within seed–rodent systems. Implications To promote seedling establishment in degenerated forests, introducing or protecting large-sized scatter hoarders and reducing the density of pure seed eaters are needed.
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Ahmed Tawir, Aisha, Gafar Ali Farah, Omar Abdallah bakheet, and Dagash Yaseen. M.I. "Genetic Variability and Interrelationships of Some Traits in Six Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Genotypes under Rainfed Conditions." Journal of Agricultural Science 4, no. 1 (October 24, 2022): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.52981/fajas.v4i1.2757.
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The objectives of this study was to estimate the genetic variability and association between yield and its components in six sesame genotypes widely grown in North Kordofan under rainfed conditions. The genotypes showed highly significant variation in agronomic performance for all of the studied traits except of plant height. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all studied traits. High PCV and GCV were recorded for biological yield and seed yield. High heritability (in a broad sense) was obtained for 1000 seed weight and the number of seeds per capsule. The highest genetic advanced (GA) was exhibited by biological yield and seed yield. High genetic advance as a percentage of the mean (GAM %) was recorded for a thousand seed weight and number of branches per plant. High heritability coupled with genetic advance as a percentage of the means was registered by thousand seed weight, number of branches per plant and harvest index. Number of capsules per plant showed significant negative genotypic and phenotypic correlations with a thousand seed weight indicating selection of one trait will be accompanied by low performance of the other. Highly significant positive genotypic and phenotypic correlations were revealed by the association of plant populations with a thousand seed weight, number of seed per capsule with harvest index, and thousand seeds weight with biological yield. Therefore, selection based on these traits would be effective in future sesame yield under rain fed conditions.
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Delgado, Jhon Paul Mathews, Francisco Célio Maia Chaves, Ricardo Lopes, Carlos Meneses, Magno Sávio Ferreira Valente, Filipe Almendagna Rodrigues, Moacir Pasqual, Santiago Ferreyra Ramos, Ananda Virginia de de Aguiar, and Maria Teresa Gomes Lopes. "Indirect Selection for Seed Yield in Sacha-Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) in Brazil." Horticulturae 8, no. 11 (October 25, 2022): 988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8110988.
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Breeding programs for improvement of sacha-inchi, Plukenetia volubilis L., generally aim to select individuals with greater seed yield since there is a strong correlation between seed yield and oil production. However, the manual removal of seed husks for evaluating this trait is laborious and costly, thereby discouraging breeding efforts. Accordingly, the objective of the present study was to estimate gains from indirect selection of seed production in sacha-inchi progenies, focusing on maximizing efficiency in improvement programs. Genetic parameters along with direct and indirect selection gains were estimated for seed yield traits in 12 open-pollinated progenies. Strong genetic correlations were observed between total number of fruits (TNF), total weight of fruits (TWF), and total weight of seeds (TWS) per plant (r > 0.96). Notably, all three traits demonstrated high heritability (h2 > 0.81). Therefore, plants with high TNF and TWF (Cuzco, Dos de Mayo, Shanao, Aucaloma, and AM-7) can be used to indirectly select the genetic traits of higher seed yields (GS% = 23%). Genetic gain for dry seed production with a selection index of 42% was estimated at 23%, which corresponds to 118 kg.ha−1. Future sacha-inchi improvement programs can select progenies with high TNF and TWF to facilitate the selection of progenies with high TWS.
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Fu, Mengmeng, Bo Qi, Shuguang Li, Haifeng Xu, Yaqi Wang, Zhixin Zhao, Xiwen Yu, Liyuan Pan, and Jiayin Yang. "Detection of Hub QTLs Underlying the Genetic Basis of Three Modules Covering Nine Agronomic Traits in an F2 Soybean Population." Agronomy 12, no. 12 (December 10, 2022): 3135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12123135.
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Deciphering the genetic basis underlying agronomic traits is of importance for soybean improvement. However, covariation, modulated by genetic correlations between complicated traits via hub QTLs, commonly affects the efficiency and accuracy of soybean improvement. The goals of soybean improvement have nearly all focused on agronomic traits, including yield, plant type traits, and seed-related traits especially. To decipher the hub QTLs of yield, plant type, and seed, nine pertinent traits of an F2 population (181 plants) derived from a cross between KeXin No.03 and JiDou 17, which were different in multiple traits such as plant height, seed protein, and 100-seed weight, were investigated with a high-density genetic map covering 2708.63 cM. A highly significant negative phenotypic correlation (−0.95) was found between seed protein (Pro) and seed oil (Oil). A total of 35 final QTLs after combining the ones closely linked physically were identified for eight traits explaining from 0.10% to 24.63% of the phenotypic variance explained (PVE) using composite interval mapping (CIM) and inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM) procedures, and 13 QTLs were novel genes. A genomic region on chromosome 14 (qPro14, qOil14.2, and qSw14) was associated with three seed-related traits based on the relationship within and among the three trait modules. In addition, four genomic regions were detected as hub QTLs which linked to the seed-related module and plant-type model, including the E loci (E1 and E2). From the QTL results, 31 candidate genes were annotated, including the verified genes E1, E2, and QNE1, and they were grouped into three categories of biological processes. These results illustrate the genetic architecture as correlations among various soybean traits, and the hub QTLs should provide insights into the genetic improvement of complex traits in soybean.
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N’Danikou, Sognigbé, Abdul J. Shango, and Jeremiah P. Sigalla. "Variation of Seed Traits and Initial Quality among Selected Cowpea, Mungbean, and Soybean Accessions." Seeds 1, no. 4 (November 4, 2022): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/seeds1040025.
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Seed traits are essential quantitative variables to assess seed quality and are also indicators of crop success. The World Vegetable Center Genebank in Arusha, Tanzania, has an important legume collection; however, there is limited information on seed traits per genotype, i.e., 1000-seed weight, the number of seeds per gram, germination percentage (GP), and mean germination time (MGT). In this study, 8 cowpea, 54 mungbean, and 15 soybean accessions were evaluated for the abovementioned parameters. A significant difference was observed among the genotypes of the selected legumes with respect to all the measured parameters. An intraspecific variation was also observed for the measured seed traits. The 1000-seed weight decreased with an increase in the number of seeds per gram. Unlike cowpea, the GP of mungbean and soybean accessions was significantly and negatively influenced by the number of seeds per 1 g. Hence, the smaller-sized seeds (with many seeds in 1 g) exhibited lower GP. It is concluded that the seed traits and initial quality among the selected legumes are strongly influenced by their genetic makeup. These results are useful to inform seed management, exchange, utilization, and have a high potential in breeding programs, and require further research attention.
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KOUAM, Eric B., and Alex B. TSAGUE-ZANFACK. "Effect of plant density on growth and yield attributes of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 12, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb12210519.
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Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an economically significant seed crop in tropical regions. With the objective of studying the effect of plant density on growth and yield characteristics of common bean, four common bean varieties (‘GLP190S’, ‘NITU’, ‘ECOPALM021’ and ‘NUA99’) collected from IRAD-Cameroon and four plant spacing distances (10 cm x 10 cm, 15 cm x 15 cm, 20 cm x 20 cm and 30 cm x 30 cm) corresponding respectively to four plant density (121, 49, 36 and 16 plants/m2) were evaluated for twelve quantitative traits in a randomly completed block design with three repetitions. ANOVA and correlation analysis were performed. Means values of each trait from the ANOVA analysis was submitted to the Tukey test at 5% probability level. The effect of variety was significant for all the twelve studied traits except the number of seed per plant. Pod length, plant height, number of seeds per pod and 100 seed weights were not affected by plant density while the numbers of seeds per plant, number of pods per plant, biological and seed yield were significantly affected by plant density. Interaction effect of plant variety and plant density on seed yield, biological yield, number of pods per plant and collar diameter was significant. No positive correlation was found between plant density and any of the studied traits. Leaf width, collar diameter, number of functional leaves and number of pods per plant inversely correlated with plant density. At the lowest plant density (16 plant/m2), seed yield and biological yield correlated poorly with related quantitative traits comparing to higher plant densities. From all the studied varieties, only ‘ECOPALM021’ showed the seed yield not affected by plant density. This study also showed that the higher seed yield and important biological yield was at 16 plants/m2 plant density.
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Lei, Boyu, Jifa Cui, Chris Newman, Christina D. Buesching, Zongqiang Xie, David W. Macdonald, and Youbing Zhou. "Seed dispersers shape the pulp nutrients of fleshy-fruited plants." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1953 (June 23, 2021): 20210817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.0817.
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The dispersal-syndrome hypothesis posits that fruit traits are a product of selection by frugivores. Although criticized as adaptationist, recent studies have suggested that traits such as fruit or seed size, colour and odour exhibit signatures that imply selection by animal mutualists. These traits imply nutritional rewards (e.g. lipid, carbohydrate), attracting frugivores; however, this remains incompletely resolved. Here, we investigated whether fruit nutrients (lipid, sugar, protein, vitamin C, water content) moderate the co-adaptation of key disperser-group mutualisms. Multivariate techniques revealed that fruit nutrients assembled non-randomly and grouped according to key dispersal modes. Bird-dispersed fruits were richer in lipids than mammal-dispersed fruits. Mixed-dispersed fruits had significantly higher vitamin C than did mammal- or bird-dispersed fruits separately. Sugar and water content were consistently high irrespective of dispersal modes, suggesting that these traits appeal to both avian and mammalian frugivores to match high-energy requirements. Similarly, protein content was low irrespective of dispersal modes, corroborating that birds and mammals avoid protein-rich fruits, which are often associated with toxic levels of nitrogenous secondary compounds. Our results provide substantial over-arching evidence that seed disperser assemblages co-exert fundamental selection pressures on fruit nutrient trait adaptation, with broad implications for structuring fruit–frugivore mutualism and maintaining fruit trait diversity.
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Bahrani, J., and P. B. E. McVetty. "Relationship of seed quality traits for greenhouse-grown versus field-grown high erucic acid rapesseed: Is seed quality trait selection for greenhouse-grown seed worthwhile?" Canadian Journal of Plant Science 88, no. 3 (May 1, 2008): 419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps07023.
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A study of the relationship of seed quality traits for greenhouse-grown and field-grown seed samples was conducted. Early generation high erucic acid rapeseed (HEAR) cross progeny were grown in the greenhouse, selfed and then the selfed seeds were grown in the field at the University of Manitoba. The oil, protein, erucic acid and glucosinolate concentrations of greenhouse-grown versus field-grown seed samples were compared. There were differences (P ≤ 0.01) between the means of all seed quality traits for greenhouse-grown versus field-grown seed samples. The mean oil, protein and erucic acid concentrations of field-grown seed samples were higher than for greenhouse-grown seed samples. In contrast, the mean glucosinolate concentration of greenhouse-grown seed samples was higher than for field-grown seed samples. Rank correlations between greenhouse-grown seed samples and field-grown seed samples for all seed quality traits were significant but moderate in magnitude. Selection for oil, protein, erucic acid and glucosinolate concentration in greenhouse-grown seed samples dramatically increased the number of high seed quality F4 families in the field and was successful for all seed quality traits. It is concluded that seed quality selection in greenhouse-grown seed samples is worthwhile and that this procedure could lead to greater efficiencies in Brassica plant breeding programs. Key words: Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), oil, protein, erucic acid, glucosinolates
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PAN, Ai-Fang. "Seed Coat Structure Traits ofCycas revolutaThunb." Plant Science Journal 30, no. 5 (2012): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1142.2012.50437.
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Commander, Lucy E., Peter J. Golos, Ben P. Miller, and David J. Merritt. "Seed germination traits of desert perennials." Plant Ecology 218, no. 9 (July 25, 2017): 1077–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11258-017-0753-7.
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Clarke, Peter J., Kirsten J. E. Knox, and Damian Butler. "Fire intensity, serotiny and seed release in 19 woody species: evidence for risk spreading among wind-dispersed and resprouting syndromes." Australian Journal of Botany 58, no. 8 (2010): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt10193.
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Seed storage in woody fruits on plants has been much studied, whereas trait variation in seed release has been given scant attention. In non-Mediterranean climates, some species release seeds immediately after fire, whereas others retain seeds in open fruits/cones for longer. We expected that species with wind-dispersed seeds and those killed by fire would spread their recruitment risks by having stronger cues for fruit opening and slower seed release once fruits were open. We therefore tested whether fire intensity (heat) affected fruit opening and seed release in 19 species. We then contrasted fruit opening and seed release among (1) serotiny levels (weak, moderate, strong), (2) dispersal (wind v. unassisted) and (3) resprouting ability (killed v. resprout) traits. Only three species required heat for fruit opening. Most species, however, retained varying proportions of seeds in open fruits. Strongly and moderately serotinous species retained seeds in open fruits longer than did weakly serotinous species. Both species with wind-dispersed seeds and fire-killed species required stronger heat effects for fruits to open but retained seeds in open fruits longer than did species with alternative traits. By delaying seed release after fruits have opened, species with wind-dispersed seeds, and those that are killed by fire, maximise the ability of seeds to arrive at safe sites after fire.
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Plue, J., J. L. Dupouey, K. Verheyen, and M. Hermy. "Forest seed banks along an intensity gradient of ancient agriculture." Seed Science Research 19, no. 2 (June 2009): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258509306662.
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AbstractRecently, forest seed banks were proven to not only reflect former (decades-old) but also ancient (centuries-old) land use. Yet, as land-use intensity determines the magnitude of seed-bank changes in recent forests, this study aims to identify whether an ancient land-use gradient would also be reflected in the seed bank. On a forested 1600-year-old archaeological site, five different land-use intensities were mapped and sampled. Apart from seed density, species richness and composition, functional seed-bank types, defined by nine seed-bank-related plant traits, were related to the land-use intensity gradient. The land-use gradient from gardens to undisturbed sites was still clearly reflected in the soil seed bank. Six emergent functional seed-bank types, characterized by specific plant traits, changed significantly in abundance, parallel to the land-use gradient. In particular, dispersal agent (and related traits) proved an important explanatory trait of present (functional) seed-bank patterns. Poor dispersers (large and heavy seeds) were not found in the intensively used areas, contrary to animal-dispersed species. Wind-dispersers may have been inhibited in the extension of their distribution by recruitment bottlenecks (low seed production) and/or competitive exclusion. Additionally, the agricultural land-use probably introduced ruderal species into the seed bank of the most intensively used areas, yielding a simultaneous increase in vegetation–seed-bank dissimilarity with land-use intensity, eliminating present vegetation as a driver behind the differences over the seed-bank gradient. We conclude by arguing how coppice-with-standards management possibly maintained the seed-bank gradient.
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Narvel, James M., Walter R. Fehr, and Grace A. Welke. "Agronomic and Seed Traits of Soybean Lines Lacking Seed Lipoxygenases." Crop Science 38, no. 4 (July 1998): 926–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1998.0011183x003800040006x.
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Zhao, Haifei, Wei Yan, Kunjiang Yu, Tianya Wang, Aimal Nawaz Khattak, and Entang Tian. "QTL identification for nine seed-related traits in Brassica juncea using a multiparent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) population." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 57, No. 1 (January 7, 2021): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/73/2020-cjgpb.
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Agronomic traits are usually determined by multiple quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that can have pleiotropic effects. A multiparent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) population is well suited for genetically analysing the effects of multiple QTLs on the traits of interest because it contains more QTL alleles than a biparental population and can overcome the problem of confounding the population structure of the natural germplasm population. We previously developed the B. juncea MAGIC population, derived from eight B. juncea lines with great diversity in agronomic and quality traits. In this study, we show that the B. juncea MAGIC population is also effective for the evaluation of multiple QTLs for complex agronomic traits in B. juncea. A total of twenty-two QTLs for nine seed-related traits were identified, including one QTL for each oil content, seed number per silique and thousand-seed weight; two QTLs for each acid detergent lignin and neutral detergent fibre; three QTLs for each acid detergent fibre and protein content; four QTLs for the seed maturity time; and five QTLs for the white index. Some of these QTLs overlapped. These results should be helpful for further fine mapping, gene cloning, plant breeding and marker-assisted selection (MAS) in B. juncea.
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Adu, B. G., R. Adu Amoah, L. M. Aboagye, M. G. Abdoul Aziz, and R. Boampong. "High-Density DArT Markers and Phenotypic Characterization of Cowpea Accessions (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp)." Advances in Agriculture 2021 (October 25, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6336684.
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Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) is an important component of most traditional cropping systems in the tropics. It provides leafy vegetables and/or grains and forages and acts as a cover crop. We characterized 16 cowpea accession collections in Ghana using agromorphological traits and high-density silicoDArT markers for breeding and efficient conservational purposes. Principal component analysis indicated pod, leaf, and seed characters such as pod length, seeds per pod, terminal leaves shape, number of leaves, hundred seed weight, and seed weight per plant as discriminatory traits in revealing the variation among the accessions. Trait association analysis revealed a significant correlation between the pod number, pod length, seeds per pod, number of leaves, and seed weight per plant that could allow the selection to improve the grain yield. Moderate to high broad-sense heritability and genetic advance observed for most of the traits indicate that the selection would result in foreseeable genetic improvement. The 9,706 silicoDArT markers used in the study were able to reveal genetic variation among the tested cowpea collections. Accessions GH5039 and GH6056 were established as duplicates based on the silicoDArT markers, which could enhance efficient germplasm utilization and conservation. Accessions GH3685, GH3674, and GH4541 were identified for high leaf and pod production and high seed yield per plant, which could be good candidates for dual purpose cowpea production, which is common in the subsistence farming system.
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Georgieva, Natalia Anastasova, and Valentin Ivanov Kosev. "Analysis of Character Association of Quantitative Traits in Lupinus Species." Journal of Agricultural Science 8, no. 7 (June 8, 2016): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v8n7p23.
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<p>An evaluation of the agronomic performance of two lupin species (<em>Lupinus albus</em> and <em>Lupinus luteus</em>) was conducted at the Institute of Forage Crops (Bulgaria) during 2012-2014. The hightest positive correlations among the agronomic traits in white lupin were between number of pods per plant and seed weight per plant (r = 0.956); plant height with pod stem length (r = 0.935) and pod length (r = 0.934); seed weight per plant and number of pods per plant (r = 0.956). In yellow lupin relatively high phenotypic correlations were detected between number of pods per plant and seed weight per plant (r = 0.956); seed weight per plant and number of pods (r = 0.875) and number of seeds per plant (r = 0.927). Collecting data on the mutual relationships among individual yield components and their effect on the yield remains crucial for their optimisation and development of improved lupin genotypes with high quality and stable yields. Based on the trait associations it can be concluded that lupin breeders should pay attention to the traits such as pod length, number of seeds per plant and 1000 seeds mass when selecting high-yielding genotypes.</p>
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Wang, Yunyun, Jalene M. LaMontagne, Fei Lin, Zuoqiang Yuan, Ji Ye, Xugao Wang, and Zhanqing Hao. "Similarity between seed rain and neighbouring mature tree communities in an old-growth temperate forest." Journal of Forestry Research 31, no. 6 (September 24, 2019): 2435–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11676-019-01027-3.
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Abstract Seed distribution and deposition patterns around parent trees are strongly affected by functional traits and therefore influence the development of plant communities. To assess the limitations of seed dispersal and the extent to which diaspore and neighbouring parental traits explain seed rain, we used a 9-year seed data set based on 150 seed traps in a 25-ha area of a temperate forest in the Changbai Mountain. Among 480,598 seeds belonging to 12 families, 17 genera, and 26 species were identified, only 54% of the species with mature trees in the community were represented in seeds collected over the 9 years, indicating a limitation in seed dispersal. Understory species were most limited; overstory species were least limited. Species with wind-dispersed seed had the least limitation, while the lowest similarity in species richness was for animal-dispersed species followed by gravity-dispersed species; fleshy-fruited species had stronger dispersal limitations than dry-fruited species. Generalized linear mixed models showed that relative basal area had a significant positive effect on seed abundance in traps, while the contribution of diaspore traits was low for nearly all groups. These results suggest that tree traits had the strongest contribution to seed dispersal and deposition for all functional groups examined here. These findings strengthen the knowledge that tree traits are key in explaining seed deposition patterns, at least at the primary dispersal stage. This improved knowledge of sources of seeds that are dispersed could facilitate greater understanding of seedling and community dynamics in temperate forests.