Journal articles on the topic 'Seed resources'
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Crist, Thomas O., and James A. MacMahon. "Harvester Ant Foraging and Shrub-Steppe Seeds: Interactions of Seed Resources and Seed Use." Ecology 73, no. 5 (October 1992): 1768–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1940028.
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Tiwari, Ranee. "Utility of herbarium resources for seed collections." Indian Journal of Forestry 29, no. 4 (December 1, 2006): 435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2006-il165w.
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The techniques like Geographic Information System (GIS), satellite mapping and vegetation analysis are predominantly used by botanists to identify the locality and target the seed collections. Herbarium resources contribute indispensable information for identifying seed collecting localities and must be treated as an important tool in biological research leading to the conservation of plant diversity. The present paper briefly outlines the importance of herbarium resource in botanical research. Of the many uses of herbarium resources, the author has discussed using herbarium as a resource for targeting seed collections.
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Strelin, Marina M., and Marcelo A. Aizen. "The interplay between ovule number, pollination and resources as determinants of seed set in a modular plant." PeerJ 6 (July 31, 2018): e5384. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5384.
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BackgroundA classical dichotomous perspective proposes that either pollination or plant resources limit seed production. However, ovule number could also be limiting when pollination results in complete ovule fertilization and there are more plant resources available than needed to develop seeds. Moreover, this dichotomous view assumes that all flowers of a plant have equal access to a shared pool of resources, although these are frequently compartmentalized within plant modules, for example, inflorescences. How ovule number, pollination and resources affect seed production in physiologically-compartmentalized rather than physiologically-integrated plants has yet to be explored. We used raspberry (Rubus idaeus) to address this question.MethodsWe first assessed if ovule number affected the fraction of ovules that develop into seed (i.e., seed set) and whether this effect related to the extent of physiological integration among flowers within plants. This was achieved by statistically testing predictions on the sign and level of plant organization (i.e., among flowers within inflorescences, among inflorescences within ramets, and among ramets) of the relation between ovule number and seed set given different degrees of physiological integration. We then explored whether the relation between ovule number and seed set was affected by plant age (used here as a surrogate of resource availability) and pollination intensity (open-pollination vs. exclusion).ResultsWithin inflorescences, flowers with more ovules set a larger fraction of seeds. On the other hand, seed set at the inflorescence level was negatively related to the average number of ovules per flower. Seed set increased with ovule number and open-pollination, and decreased with ramet age. However, ovule number explained more variation in seed set than ramet age and pollination treatment. Ramet age affected the strength of the relation of seed set to ovule number, which was stronger in old than young ramets. Pollination did not alter the strength of this relation to any significant extent.DiscussionResults reveal the importance of ovule number as an overriding factor affecting seed set. Within inflorescences, resources appear to be differentially allocated to developing fruits from flowers with many ovules. This is consistent with the fact that in the raspberry a large proportion of the carbon invested in fruit development is fixed by the inflorescence subtending leaf. Differential resource allocation to flowers with many ovules is not affected by pollinator exclusion, being stronger in resource-exhausted ramets. This suggests that the effects of pollen limitation and resource allocation are compartmentalized at the inflorescence level. Consequently, modular plants can be viewed as reproductive mosaics where either ovule number, pollination or resources limit the number of seeds set by different flowers, so that improvements in any of them could increase plant seed production.
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Scholl, Randy L., Sean T. May, and Doreen H. Ware. "Seed and Molecular Resources for Arabidopsis." Plant Physiology 124, no. 4 (December 1, 2000): 1477–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.124.4.1477.
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Praciak, Andrew. "Seed storage of plant genetic resources." Seed Science Research 6, no. 2 (June 1996): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258500003056.
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The need to conserve plant genetic resources can no longer be in doubt. The destruction of natural habitats, the replacement of multiple cropping systems with monocultures, the replacement of traditional varieties with uniform high-yielding cultivars all lead to genetic erosion and the loss of crop and plant diversity. Genetic resources are vital for crop breeding programmes as sources of new genes for, for example, disease and pest resistance. They are also vital as sources of pharmaceutical and novel industrial and food products. In their own right they may have potential as new crops.
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Choe, H. S., C. Chu, G. Koch, J. Gorham, and H. A. Mooney. "Seed weight and seed resources in relation to plant growth rate." Oecologia 76, no. 1 (June 1988): 158–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00379615.
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Komlajeva, Ļubova, and Aleksandrs Adamovičs. "Genetic Resources Of Flax In Latvia." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 2 (August 5, 2015): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2011vol2.983.
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Flax is cultivated on small areas in Latvia. Flax gives dual-purpose production – fibre and seeds. Latvian flax has a high fibre and seed quality. The quantity of flax fibre and seed yield depends on many factors. Several qualitative and quantitative traits, such as technical stem length, resistance to lodging, vegetation period, yield of straw and seeds, fibre and oil content and quality were evaluated. For the further development of Latvian economy flax varieties and hybrids of Latvian origin are an important goal. Fibre flax varieties 'Blue di Riga', 'Priekuļu 665', 'Ošupes 30' and breeding lines 'S-64-17-93' and 'L11-11/11-94' are valuable material containing a qualitative and quantitative indicators of variety. 92 Latvian accessions of flax hybrids have been evaluated, and 12 accessions with the best seed and straw yield have been selected for further DNA analysis. This will simplify and accelerate the selection of new valuable hybrids that will provide particular advantages in agriculture. The genetic analysis of DNA determines the kinship and diversity of flax varieties and breeding lines which can be used further in flax breeding.
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Gómez-Campo, César. "Erosion of genetic resources within seed genebanks: the role of seed containers." Seed Science Research 16, no. 4 (December 1, 2006): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssr2006260.
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Mikatadze-Panstulaia, Tsira, Sandro Kolbaia, and Ana Gogoladze. "Safeguarding Wild Plant Genetic Resources of Georgia within the Millennium Seed Bank Partnership." European Journal of Sustainable Development 8, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2019.v8n4p37.
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Working group of the Department of Plant Conservation of the National Botanical Garden of Georgia (NBGG) have been participating in the global Millennium Seed Bank Partnership, led by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew since 2005. During the 2005-2018 period, within the scope of MSB-1 and MSB-2, seeds and herbarium samples of more than 1750 plant species and interspecific taxa, belonging to 107 families and 483 genera (more than 41% of Georgia’s flora) – 348 endemics of Caucasus and 151 endemics of Georgia, have been secured in the National Seed Bank of Georgia (NSB). Seed Bank data are managed in BRAHMS (Department of Plant Sciences of Oxford University). The collection of wild plant species is accompanied by the comprehensive database of geographical, botanical and habitat information. Later phase involves laboratory treatment and germination/viability testing (at least 500 seeds per species) and the long-term deposition and storage (under -20◦C temperature) at the National Seed Bank of Georgia. The duplicates of seed collection and herbarium vouchers are stored at the Millennium Seed Bank of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK. Germination capacity and viability of collections in NSB is determined before cold storage of seeds, while at the MSB already banked seeds are tested.Keywords: Seed bank; Ex-situ conservation; Plant diversity; Botanical garden; Genetic resources
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Price, Mary V., and Jamie W. Joyner. "What Resources are Available to Desert Granivores: Seed Rain or Soil Seed Bank?" Ecology 78, no. 3 (April 1997): 764. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2266056.
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Charles, D. "GENETIC RESOURCES: Seed Treaty Signed; U.S., Japan Abstain." Science 294, no. 5545 (November 9, 2001): 1263b—1264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.294.5545.1263b.
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Klingeman, William E., and M. Shea Carrington. "Plant Source and Seed Parasitism Influence Seed Viability in Redbud (Cercis spp.)." Journal of Entomological Science 40, no. 4 (October 1, 2005): 420–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-40.4.420.
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Eastern redbud, Cercis canadensis L., trees are difficult to vegetatively propagate. Named cultivars of Eastern redbud do not grow “true” from seeds forcing growers to invest resources to graft buds or scions onto seed-grown liners. Whereas the unnamed North American native Eastern redbud trees produce large numbers of easily-collected seedpods that contain abundant numbers of seeds, these seeds are frequently infested with seed-parasitic beetles and associated wasp parasitoids. Of the redbuds investigated, we found that unnamed Eastern redbuds were preferred hosts for redbud seed beetles, Gibbobruchus mimus (Say). However, named and unnamed redbud types as well as C. chinensis ‘Avondale’ were suitable hosts for G. mimus. In addition, several new wasp parasitoids were recovered from seeds although it was not apparent whether these were attacking seed endosperm, G. mimus, or both. A float test successfully discriminated dead or infested seeds from seeds that were mostly viable. The majority of seeds that floated were empty, dead or infested. Growers can optimize seed collection efficiency by screening native Eastern redbud seeds for size and subjecting seeds to a float test thereby minimizing time, labor and land resources that would otherwise be expended for preparation and maintenance of fields planted with potentially nonviable seeds.
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Morris, J. B. "Characterization of medicinal Senna genetic resources." Plant Genetic Resources 7, no. 03 (April 15, 2009): 257–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262109344111.
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At 50% maturity, regeneratingSennaspecies were characterized for morphological traits, seed reproduction, and evaluated for regeneration. Quality plants regenerated from all accessions produced 1018 to more than 21,215 total seeds. Principal component analysis revealed which traits contributed the greatest to variability among coffee senna accessions.Sennaspecies have potential to produce pharmaceutical products and can be grown as medicinal plants. The flavonoids quercetin and kaempferol found inSennaspecies have been clinically shown to have anti-pancreatic cancer properties.
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McGinley, Mark A. "Within and among plant variation in seed mass and pappus size in Tragopogon dubious." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 5 (May 1, 1989): 1298–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-172.
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Individual seed mass of two seed morphs of Tragopogon dubious (L.) varied among plants and within and among flowering heads within individual plants growing near Salt Lake City, UT. Seeds of the light morph from the center of a receptacle were smaller than outer seeds, suggesting that variation in seed mass within heads was due to position effects. The total seed mass per head, seed number per head, and mean seed mass per head of both morphs declined in most plants over the season. Heads with larger total seed mass contained larger seeds both within and between plants so seasonal patterns in seed mass may be influenced by seasonal variation in the amount of resources available for investment in seeds. Seeds of the light colored morph had a greater dispersal potential than seeds from the dark colored morph because their disk loading was lower. Pappus size (both pappus radius and stalk length) increased with the number of seeds per head which may increase the efficiency of packaging fruits on the receptacle. Heads with a larger total seed mass allocated a smaller proportion of their resources to the dark seed morph which may serve to decrease the level of sibling competition experienced by the less dispersing seed morph. Thus, variation in investment in offspring may arise as a combination of developmental constraints and selection for variable investment.
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Zarco, A., V. R. Cueto, M. C. Sagario, and L. Marone. "Effects of livestock grazing on flocks of seed-eating birds in the central Monte desert, Argentina." Canadian Journal of Zoology 97, no. 7 (July 2019): 606–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2018-0223.
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Animal populations often decline due to habitat disturbance, but the initial response of organisms to human-induced environmental change is usually behavioral. Intra- and inter-specific interactions can restrict or facilitate access to resources, resulting in changes to individual fitness, and resource depletion may affect the frequency and strength of interactions. In birds, it is often assumed that feeding in groups increases foraging efficiency. We assessed how the reduction of seed resources provoked by cattle grazing affected different properties of seed-eating bird flocks in woodlands having the same structural characteristics but differing in seed abundance. Under lower availability of grass seeds (i.e., under grazing), flocks were smaller and less rich and birds showed a lower flocking propensity. This pattern could be explained by three non-exclusive hypotheses. Food reduction caused by grazing (i) decreases the number of seed-eating birds and concomitantly generates smaller flocks; (ii) reduces the density of nuclear species, decreasing the group cohesion in large flocks; (iii) makes large flocks less attractive by increasing individual competence for food. Our results provide evidence that cattle grazing affect the interactions of seed-eating birds and suggest the importance of understanding flocking behavior to bring about management actions.
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Gremillion, Kristen J. "Seed Processing and the Origins of Food Production in Eastern North America." American Antiquity 69, no. 2 (April 2004): 215–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4128417.
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Despite the fact that small seeds are often inefficient to exploit, they are consumed and sometimes cultivated in many parts of the world, including eastern North America. Foraging models predict that seeds are likely to be utilized only if preferred resources become scarce, or if their own profitability is increased through processes such as domestication or technological innovation. Ethnographic, experimental, and nutritional studies of the small grains used prehistorically in eastern North America suggest that they offered low rates of return (measured as energy per unit time spent) compared to many alternative resources. These estimates rely on the assumption that some degree of post-harvest processing was required to make seed foods palatable and nutritious. That this assumption is reasonable is supported by archaeological and archaeobotanical evidence from rockshelters in eastern Kentucky. Resource stress and technological innovation are unlikely explanations for the adoption of such low-ranking resources in this region around 3500 B.P. However, estimation of return rates does not take account of the lowered significance of time costs in the winter season, when seed processing could take place with little competition from other productive tasks. The timing of the adoption of small seeds also reflects historical factors such as spatial distribution of plant populations and habitats.
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Sakai, Satoki, Akiko Sakai, and Kohta Fujioka. "Seed production in Cardiocrium cordatum: effects of nitrogen and dry mass availability of a plant." Canadian Journal of Botany 84, no. 5 (May 2006): 805–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b06-033.
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To clarify how seed production depends on the relative N and dry mass availability, we examined the number and size of seeds, and the loss of dry mass in Cardiocrium cordatum (Thunb.) Makaino plants that differed naturally in overall size and stem N content. After adjusting for plant size (basal stem diameter was used as a criterion of plant size), the amount of dry mass lost because of respiration in a plant decreased with an increase in the stem N content of the plant, whereas the total dry mass of seeds of a plant increased with an increase in the stem N content. Plants with a high stem N content relative to dry mass status used dry mass resources more efficiently in seed production by reducing the loss of dry mass. Plants with a higher stem N content produced a greater number of seeds, and the amount of dry mass lost decreased with an increase in the number of seeds of the plant, possibly because the resources allocated to seed production are consumed rapidly, if numerous seeds simultaneously absorb those resources. However, the stem N content of a plant had no influence on the mean seed dry mass, seed N content, and the seed N concentration, and the latter three parameters did not affect respiration loss of dry mass. We concluded that plants undergoing seed production reduce dry mass loss if their relative N to dry mass availability is high, through an increase in the numbers of seeds they produce.
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Velázquez-Vázquez, Guadalupe, Arturo González-Zamora, Víctor Arroyo-Rodríguez, and Joseph Taylor. "Seed dispersal by spider monkeys in logged and unlogged sites in the Calakmul tropical humid forest, Mexico / Dispersión de semillas por monos araña en sitios talados y no talados en el bosque húmedo tropical de Calakmul, México." Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research 5, no. 1 (January 21, 2022): 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv5n1-022.
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Seed dispersal by animals can be negatively affected by selective logging, but effects such changes in critical food resource, quality of food resources and food availability on seed dispersal and seedling recruitment, remains poorly understood. We investigated how selective logging, impacts the quantity of seed dispersal, focusing on highly frugivorous primate Ateles geoffroyi yucatanensis in Calakmul, Mexico. We assessed whether seed dispersal by the spider monkey differs between a logged and an unlogged site in the Calakmul tropical humid forest, Mexico. We recorded seeds in monkey faeces, including those deposited in latrines under sleeping trees (aggregated seed dispersal) and those dispersed across the forest (scattered seed dispersal) during a 5-mo period. The use of sleeping tree was similar in both forest conditions, averaging (± SD) 4.5 ± 4.3 weeks. They deposited 15,853 seeds (1–35 mm in length) from 20 tree species under sleeping trees, but seed abundance was 2.2 times higher in unlogged forests. Scattered seed dispersal (997 seeds from nine species) followed the opposite pattern, with 2.3 times more seeds in logged forests. The number of seeds and species per faecal sample did not differ between forest types, averaging 9.4 ± 20.2 seeds from 1.0 ± 0.8 seed species. Most (95%) scatter-dispersed seeds were undamaged in both forest types. These findings suggest that primate quantity seed dispersal is not limited in logged forests, potentially contributing to the recovery of these managed forests.
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Gurusamy, C. "The pattern of seed formation in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) with special reference to seed abortion." Canadian Journal of Botany 77, no. 8 (November 21, 1999): 1189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b99-117.
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In cauliflower Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis cv. Kibo Giant, patterns of seed abortion and development within developing siliques are nonrandom. All ovules were fertilized from 14 days after anthesis. However, only 70% of the ovules produced mature seeds. Cryptic seed abortion started early in silique ontogeny and reached a maximum at 28 days after anthesis. Ovules located in the middle zone of a silique produced more mature seeds than ovules in stylar and basal zones in that order. Ovules in the first three positions in the stylar zone (positions 1, 2, and 3) and ovules in the last four positions in basal zone (positions 19, 20, 21, and 22) showed higher rates of seed abortion. The nonrandom pattern of seed abortion within a silique is mainly due to partiality in the allocation of maternal resources to the developing ovules at different positions, which enhances maternal fecundity through resource conservation. It may also be due to temporal differences in fertilization, spatial advantage of seeds within the ovary, and superiority of the parental lineage.Key words: Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis, seed development, seed abortion, maternal regulation, seed to ovule ratio.
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Diederichsen, A., and J. P. Raney. "Seed colour, seed weight and seed oil content in Linum usitatissimum accessions held by Plant Gene Resources of Canada." Plant Breeding 125, no. 4 (August 2006): 372–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.2006.01231.x.
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Jansen-González, Sergio, Simone Pádua Teixeira, and Rodrigo Augusto Santinelo Pereira. "LARVAL STRATEGY OF TWO SPECIES OF SEED-FEEDING CHALCIDOIDEA PARALLELS THAT OF PARASITOID KOINOBIONTS." Oecologia Australis 24, no. 04 (December 14, 2020): 903–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2020.2404.13.
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The association between ontogenetic processes in plants and phytophagous insects is not traditionally considered in studies of insect-plant interactions. Angiosperm seeds impose important constraints on seed predators; the structural complexity of seeds and the progressive accumulation of resources throughout their development limit the time windows when resources can be retrieved by the predator. Some holometabolous insects deposit their eggs inside immature seeds, with the immature stages of both insect and plant cohabiting in a space with limited but potential resources. We studied the larval development of Megastigmus transvaalensis (Hussey, 1956) (Chalcidoidea: Megastigmidae) and Bephratelloides pomorum (F., 1804) (Chalcidoidea: Eurytomidae) and the seed development of their respective hosts, Schinus terebinthifolia (Raddi, 1820) (Anacardiaceae) and Annona crassiflora (Mart., 1841) (Annonaceae). Our results show that both M. transvaalensis and B. pomorum oviposit in immature fruits, whose protective tissues surrounding the seeds are softer. The first larval instar interferes little with the development of the seed, allowing both seed and plant embryo to continue growing. When the infested seed reaches the size of a mature, non-infested seed, the larva grows rapidly and consumes most of it. M. transvaalensis induces minor modifications in the endosperm cells, while B. pomorum does not induce any visual modifications. The strategy of allowing seed/plant embryo to continue growing shows similarities to the endoparasitic koinobiont strategy followed by some chalcid parasitoids, which keep their host alive while feeding upon it. Future studies should be expanded to other chalcid seed predators in order to understand the evolution of convergent patterns among seed-feeding insects and its evolution in relation to parasitoid strategies inside the group
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Broadhurst, Linda M., Thomas A. Jones, Forrest S. Smith, Tom North, and Lydia Guja. "Maximizing Seed Resources for Restoration in an Uncertain Future." BioScience 66, no. 1 (December 9, 2015): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biv155.
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Liu, Qianwen, Shuai Guo, Xiasheng Zheng, Xiaofeng Shen, Tianyi Zhang, Baosheng Liao, Wenrui He, Haoyu Hu, Ruiyang Cheng, and Jiang Xu. "Licorice Germplasm Resources Identification Using DNA Barcodes Inner-Variants." Plants 10, no. 10 (September 28, 2021): 2036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10102036.
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Based on the gradual transformation from wild growth to artificial cultivation, the accurate authentication of licorice seeds contributes to the first committed step of its quality control and is pivotal to ensure the clinical efficacy of licorice. However, it is still challenging to obtain genetically stable licorice germplasm resources due to the multi-source, multi-heterozygous, polyploid, and hybrid characteristics of licorice seeds. Here, a new method for determining the heterozygosity of licorice seed mixture, based on the various sites, and finding the composition characteristics of licorice seed is preliminarily designed and proposed. Namely, high-throughput full-length multiple DNA barcodes(HFMD), based on ITS multi-copy variation exist, the full-length amplicons of ITS2, psbA-trnH and ITS are directly sequenced by rDNA through the next-generation sequence(NGS) and single-molecule real-time (SMRT) technologies. By comparing the three sequencing methods, our results proved that SMRT sequencing successfully identified the complete gradients of complex mixed samples with the best performance. Meanwhile, HFMD is a brilliant and feasible method for evaluating the heterozygosity of licorice seeds. It shows a perfect interpretation of DNA barcoding and can be applied in multi-base multi-heterozygous and polyploid species.
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Grauda, Dace, Lita Lapiņa, Biruta Jansone, Aldis Jansons, and Isaak Rashal. "Recovering Genetic Resources of Some Legume Species of Latvian Origin by Plant Tissue Culture." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences 67, no. 3 (October 1, 2013): 224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2013-0039.
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Accessions with no germinating seeds are a common problem in plant gene banks and research institutions. Our goal was to elaborate and apply an in vitro method of germination and multiplication of old aged seeds of red and alsike clover and alfalfa. Eighteen clover and five alfalfa accessions were used for germination in vitro. Most of the accessions had produced seeds more than 20 years ago and the seeds did not germinate in soil. Seed pre-treatment with different concentrations of potassium permanganate, as well as addition of phytohormones, AgNO3 and activated carbon to germinating media were tested. Plantlets for all germinated accessions were obtained, even in the case when seeds were 44-year-old (alfalfa). Germination rate in vitro not always correlated with seed age and ranged from 2 to 72%. Pre-treatment with potassium permanganate was effective both for seeds sterilisation and germination stimulation. Most germinated seeds formed phenotypically normal seedlings with all organs. In vitro multiplication of obtained clover plants was performed. Best results were achieved by micropropagation of stem segments approximately 2 mm in length. Number of finally obtained plants depended not only on seed germination ability, but also on micropropagation ability in relation to genotype, and on acclimatization success in soil after in vitro cultivation
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Zakharchuk, Oleksandr, Svitlana Tkachyk, and Oleksandr Zavalniuk. "Formation of varietal plant resources and their role for the seed production development." Ekonomika APK 309, no. 7 (July 28, 2020): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202007039.
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The purpose of the article is to develop scientifically grounded proposals for improving the varietal and seed supply of the crop industry of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine. Research methods. In the process of research, the following methods were used: dialectical knowledge of processes and phenomena; monographic (analysis of the current state of plant varieties and prospects for the development of seed production) empirical (relatively comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of the use of plant varieties, seeds and planting material in Ukraine and the world) comparative analysis (identified the main problems of the formation of varietal plant resources and the seed production development in Ukraine); abstract-logical (generalization and formulation of conclusions). Research results. The development of varietal plant resources at the present stage is analyzed taking into account the peculiarities of the resource potential of domestic and foreign selection, the current state of the process of creating seeds and planting material, the role of the crop industry in ensuring the food security of the state, deepening integration into the World Trade Organization and the European Union. Promising ways to accelerate the development of the organization of the market of seeds and planting material in Ukraine are outlined. Scientific novelty. The theoretical and methodological provisions for the formation of varietal plant resources in Ukraine have been further developed, which will provide an opportunity to establish international cooperation for the development of new high-performance and high-quality varieties of domestic and foreign selection, which will contribute to the introduction of progressive technologies in crop production and increase labor productivity. Practical significance. The solution to these problems will allow Ukraine to establish international cooperation in the production of seeds and planting material and help attract additional investment funds for the development of the breeding industry. Tabl.: 8. Figs.: 2. Refs.: 18.
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Nkengla-Asi, Lilian, Aman Bonaventure Omondi, Vincent Che Simo, Elizabeth Assam, Sergine Ngatat, and Brenda Boonabaana. "Gender dynamics in banana seed systems and impact on banana bunchy top disease recovery in Cameroon." Outlook on Agriculture 49, no. 3 (May 1, 2020): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030727020918333.
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Enhancing opportunities for women and men in banana production is vital for promoting gender equity in sub-Saharan Africa. This study investigated the gendered differences in access to and decision-making over banana production resources and services in banana bunchy top disease affected areas in Cameroon. A mixed methods approach was used, comprising an intra-household survey ( n = 109 households). Six sex disaggregated focus group discussions and key informant interviews were organized to collect primary data in three communities in Ambam District in Southern Cameroon. These data were used to compare men and women in resource access and production within households and villages. Men had greater say in decision-making over productive resources and information services even when women were more involved in actual seed and site selection. Planting materials were mainly sourced from old fields although men were more likely to buy banana seeds than women farmers. In practical terms, access to and decision-making over production resources and services by women in the banana seed systems is vital for equitable outcomes. Disease pressure on banana production experienced in southern Cameroon may influence gendered access to resources upsetting resource access equity. In theoretical terms, the study reveals dimensions of gender linked differences in resource control even where participation was evident. Thus, it indicates the need for in-depth understanding of power and social relations within households and the communities. This study reveals the nexus of disease challenge and resource access in banana systems. The study will be of interest to development practitioners, researchers and extension agents.
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Renton, Katherine. "Lilac-Crowned Parrot Diet and Food Resource Availability: Resource Tracking by a Parrot Seed Predator." Condor 103, no. 1 (February 1, 2001): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/103.1.62.
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Abstract The pattern of food resource availability and use by Lilac-crowned Parrots (Amazona finschi) was evaluated in tropical dry forest of the Reserva de la Biosfera Chamela-Cuixmala, western Mexico. Monthly fruiting phenology transects were conducted throughout the year in deciduous and semi-deciduous forest to determine temporal and spatial variability in resource abundance. Resource use by parrots was evaluated through observations of diet and habitat use. There was significant temporal and spatial variability in food resource abundance, with semi-deciduous forest providing greater food resources for parrots during the dry season, whereas food resource abundance increased in deciduous forest during the rainy season. The critical period of food resource scarcity occurred during May–June at the end of the long dry season. Lilac-crowned Parrots were pre-dispersal seed predators, and exhibited high flexibility in diet, incorporating dietary switching, as well as niche-breadth contraction and expansion, which corresponded with temporal variations in food resource availability. There was low overlap in parrot diets between seasons, with parrots exhibiting a narrow food niche-breadth during the late dry season when resource availability declined. Parrots also demonstrated spatial variation in habitat use, corresponding to fluctuations in the availability of food resources in different habitats. This flexibility in foraging enables parrots to closely track and exploit seed resources which exhibit high temporal and spatial variability in abundance.
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Boyes, Rutledge S., and Michael R. Perrin. "Aerial surveillance by a generalist seed predator: food resource tracking by Meyer's parrotPoicephalus meyeriin the Okavango Delta, Botswana." Journal of Tropical Ecology 26, no. 4 (May 28, 2010): 381–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467410000210.
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Abstract:As a proven food resource generalist, Meyer's parrot (Poicephalus meyeri) was expected to track the availability of all significant food resources in its diet over time. Here we recorded all feeding activity during 366 standardized road transects for correlation with an index of relative food resource abundance over 18 mo. As expected, Meyer's parrot made food resource decisions according to relative abundance at landscape level. Feeding activity on food resources available throughout the year (e.g. ripeKigelia africanafruit) or not visible from the air (e.g. unripeDiospyros lycoidesfruit), however, did not correlate significantly with fluctuations in their relative resource abundance. In addition, over 70% of all feeding bouts were in the high canopy and over 70% of all food items consumed formed bi-coloured displays. The influence of estimated protein and energy acquisition rates from different food resources was insignificant. Therefore, important selection criteria for utilization by Meyer's parrot include relative abundance and visibility from the air (i.e. food resources with the highest probability of encounter when dispersing from a central roost). Sensitivity to fluctuations in resource abundance at landscape level demonstrates the relative importance of maximizing net gain per unit foraging time by minimizing foraging flight distance.
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Wolf, Margaret. "(306) Growing Native Plants from Seed in Public Workshops." HortScience 41, no. 4 (July 2006): 1060C—1060. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1060c.
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Five Utah Native Plant Propagation workshops during Mar. 2005 supplied 100 participants with specialized containers and potting mix, native plant seed, resource booklet, lecture, and instructor supervision during the hands-on workshop portion. Forty-three participants responded to a Sept. 2005 follow-up survey. Seedling survival averaged 6.4 seedlings per tray of 72 cells, or 8.8%. Only 36% of the participants used the resource booklet after the workshop. Most survey respondents did not cite particular reasons for seedling failure. Seed propagation workshops are challenging due to: 1) wide variance in participants' horticultural experience; 2) limited materials and resources; and 3) inherent inconsistencies in native plant seed viability. Before attending future seed propagation workshops, registrants will receive seedling cultivation information to improve success rates.
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Connolly, Brian M. "Collection Age and Seed Mass Influence Germination and Seedling Growth in Midwestern White Spruce Accessions." Forest Science 67, no. 6 (November 15, 2021): 637–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxab038.
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Abstract Stored tree seed collections are essential resources for seedling production and conserving unique germplasm. As stored seeds age, however, seed viability and seedling vigor can decline. This study tests how age and seed mass correspond to germination dynamics and seedling vigor in four white spruce collections from the upper midwestern United States. Using two seedling growth experiments, this study demonstrates that white spruce seeds stored for >30 years have low seed viability and slower seedling growth rates compared with seeds from more recent (≤10 years) white spruce collections. Seed mass also predicted seedling growth rate regardless of collection age, suggesting larger seeds from older collections generate faster growing seedlings.
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Mandoli, D. F., J. Banks, C. dePamphilis, J. Carlson, J. Tomkins, D. Kudrna, M. Luo, K. Rao, R. Wing, and R. G. Olmstead. "112Making BAC Libraries from Algae, Non-Seed and Seed Plants: Fundamental Public Resources for Plant Science." Journal of Phycology 39, s1 (June 2003): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.2003.t01-6-03906001.x.
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Zhou, Wenxu, William Branch, Lissa Gilliam, and Julie Marshall. "Phytosterol Composition of Arachis hypogaea Seeds from Different Maturity Classes." Molecules 24, no. 1 (December 29, 2018): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24010106.
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The seeds of cultivated peanut, Arachis hypogaea, are an agronomically important crop produced for human nutrition, oilseed and feed stock. Peanut seed is the single most expensive variable input cost and thus producers require seed with excellent performance in terms of germination efficiency. During the maturation process, triglycerides are stored in oil bodies as an energy resource during germination and seedling development. The stability of oil body membranes is essential for nutrient mobilization during germination. This study focused on evaluating the phytosterol composition in seed components including the kernel, embryo (heart), and seed coat or skin. Samples of different maturity classes were analyzed for macronutrient and phytosterol content. The three biosynthetic end products in the phytosterol pathway, β-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol, comprised 82.29%, 86.39% and 94.25% of seed hearts, kernels and seed coats, respectively. Stigmasterol concentration was highest in the seed kernel, providing an excellent source of this sterol known to have beneficial effects on human health. Peanut hearts contained the highest concentration of sterols by mass, potentially providing protection and resources for the developing seedling. The amount of α-tocopherol increases in peanut hearts during the maturation process, providing protection from temperature stress, as well as stability required for seedling vigor. These results suggest that phytosterols may play a significant role in the performance of seeds, and provide a possible explanation for the poor germination efficiency of immature seeds.
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Allen, P. S., S. E. Meyer, and J. Beckstead. "Predictive model for soil seedbank outcomes in the Pyrenophora semeniperda–Bromus tectorum pathosystem." Plant Protection Science 49, Special Issue (November 19, 2013): S21—S23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/36/2013-pps.
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Pyrenophora semeniperda is abundant in soil seed banks of Bromus tectorum, where it kills a fraction of seeds throughout the year. The pathogen engages in a race with host seeds for endosperm resources; the pathogen success is negatively correlated with seed germination speed. We developed a deterministic model to predict pathosystem outcomes (seed death versus seed escape), using seed bank data from 80 sites collected over a 13-year period. The response variable (killed seeds in the spring seed bank) was regressed on multiple predictor variables (pathogen and host densities at seed dispersal, amount and timing of precipitation). Increased mortality was associated with high seed rain, high pathogen density, and low autumn precipitation. On xeric sites, a positive feedback loop between pathogen and host is created by a large carryover seed bank containing secondarily dormant seeds vulnerable to fungal attack and results in higher inoculum loads at seed dispersal the following year.
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Wall, Stephen B. Vander. "Foraging of Clark's Nutcrackers on Rapidly Changing Pine Seed Resources." Condor 90, no. 3 (August 1988): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1368351.
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Kirubashankkar, R., K. T. Parthiban, V. Subbulakshmi, M. Paramathma, P. Thiyagarajan, P. S. Devanand, and M. Sujatha. "Physicochemical properties of seed oil of jatropha hybrid genetic resources." Journal of Biofuels 2, no. 1 (2011): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/j.0976-3015.2.1.013.
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Porceddu, Enrico, and Ardeshir B. Damania. "Sampling variation in genetic resources of seed crops: a review." Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 39, no. 1 (1992): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00052652.
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Huang, Baosheng, Lu Gan, Dongjie Chen, Yachun Zhang, Yujie Zhang, Xiangli Liu, Si Chen, et al. "Integration of small RNA, degradome and proteome sequencing in Oryza sativa reveals a delayed senescence network in tetraploid rice seed." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 13, 2020): e0242260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242260.
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Seed of rice is an important strategic resource for ensuring the security of China's staple food. Seed deterioration as a result of senescence is a major problem during seed storage, which can cause major economic losses. Screening among accessions in rice germplasm resources for traits such as slow senescence and increased seed longevity during storage is, therefore, of great significance. However, studies on delayed senescence in rice have been based mostly on diploid rice seed to date. Despite better tolerance have been verified by the artificial aging treatment for polyploid rice seed, the delayed senescence properties and delayed senescence related regulatory mechanisms of polyploid rice seed are rarely reported, due to the lack of polyploid rice materials with high seed set. High-throughput sequencing was applied to systematically investigate variations in small RNAs, the degradome, and the proteome between tetraploid and diploid rice seeds. Degradome sequencing analysis of microRNAs showed that expression of miR-164d, which regulates genes encoding antioxidant enzymes, was changed significantly, resulting in decreased miRNA-mediated cleavage of target genes in tetraploid rice. Comparisons of the expression levels of small RNAs (sRNAs) in the tetraploid and diploid libraries revealed that 12 sRNAs changed significantly, consistent with the findings from degradome sequencing. Furthermore, proteomics also showed that antioxidant enzymes were up-regulated in tetraploid rice seeds, relative to diploids.
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Krueger, Robert R., and Mikeal L. Roose. "Use of Molecular Markers in the Management of Citrus Germplasm Resources." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 128, no. 6 (November 2003): 827–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.128.6.0827.
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New potential citrus germplasm accessions may be received as seed rather than budwood, thereby reducing phytosanitary risks. However, trueness-to-type may be an issue with seed materials because many varieties produce both apomictic (nucellar) and sexual (zygotic) embryos and most citrus is fairly heterozygous. To identify nucellar seedlings of polyembryonic types and to retain these as representing the type, we screened 1340 seedlings from 88 seed sources for markers amplified with two inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers. Sixteen seed sources produced no seedlings classified as being of nucellar origin. Among the remaining seed sources, seedlings classed as nucellar were identified for potential addition to the collection. In 37 accessions, both nucellar and zygotic seedlings were detected, and in some cases both types were retained. Inclusion of established accessions of the same cultivar group in the analysis allowed an initial assessment of similarity to existing accessions. This technique improved the efficiency of acquiring new germplasm of polyembryonic types by seed. The method identifies those seed sources that produce few or no nucellar seedlings, but it is not useful for determining which seedlings of monoembryonic types should be retained in collections.
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Sapkota, M., NP Joshi, RR Kattel, and M. Bajracharya. "Profitability and resource use efficiency of maize seed production in Palpa district of Nepal." SAARC Journal of Agriculture 16, no. 1 (August 16, 2018): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v16i1.37431.
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The study aimed to analyze profitability and resource use efficiency of maize seed production in Palpa district of Nepal. Raosoft Inc. software was used to determine the sample size of 182 maize seed producers from the total 260 maize seed producers in the district. Data was collected using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire survey administered to the randomly selected samples. Results showed that the uses as well as cost of major inputs such as seed, labor, farmyard manure (FYM),and management/other cost including tillage were higher among small scale farmers compared to the large scale farmers. The average cost of production among small scale farmers was NRs. 94,195per hectare compared to NRs. 64,145among large scale farmers. A benefit cost ratio of maize seed production was higher for large scale farmers (1.12), which in case of small scale farmers was less than 1, i.e. 0.9. Hence, maize seed production was found profitable only for large scale farmers. Resource use efficiency analysis showed FYM, tillage and labor were overused. This suggests that the use of FYM, tillage and labor should be decreased by 665, 456 and 68 percent respectively. Similarly, cost on seed, chemical fertilizer and management/other were underused, hence, need to increase by 92, 69 and 97 percent respectively for the optimum allocation of resources. Overall, maize seed production is profitable but resources should be optimally utilized and should be carried on larger scale.SAARC J. Agri., 16(1): 157-168 (2018)
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Balashova, I. T., V. A. Kharchenko, Ju P. Shevchenko, and N. E. Mashcenco. "Results of studying green crops of the Apiaceae family as genetic resources for vertical farming using natural immunomodulators." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 5 (October 14, 2021): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2021-5-44-48.
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Relevance. New technologies Plenty-type in greenhouse vegetable production is wide spread in some countries of Europe, America, South-East Asia and support with main investors of these countries. Project “Vertical farming” was started in FSBSI “Federal Scientific Vegetable Center” at 2010. The goal of our study is the results of the testing plants Apiaceae family at multy circle hydroponic installation using the natural regulators from glycosides class.Materials and methods. Objects of study: plants Apiaceae family – Coriandrum sativum L. (variety Jubilar), Anethum graveolens L. (variety Rusich), Apium graveolens L. (variety Aeliksir); flavonoid glycoside linarozid from plants Linaria vulgaris Mill. L., steroid glycoside moldstim from seeds Capsicum annuum L.. Methods of study: seed treatment with 0,001% water solutions of glycosides, cultivation of plants Apiaceae family at the multi circle hydroponic construction.Results. First experiment by cultivation of plants Apiaceae family at multi circle hydroponic construction was successful and show, that plants Apiaceae family can cultivate at vertical installations Plenty-type. Reaction on the seed treatment with water solutions of glycosides is depended on the species of plants. Seed treatment with glycosides increased height of plants and weight of leaves of Coriandrum sativum L. Anethum graveolens L. increased germination of seeds after seed treatment with water solution of linarozide. Apium graveolens L. increased germination of seeds, height of plants and weight of leaves after seed treatment with water solutions of glycosides. But water solution of moldstim was more effective in 2020, and water solution of linarozide was more effective in 2021.
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Verdú, Miguel, and Patricio García-Fayos. "Ecological causes, function, and evolution of abortion and parthenocarpy in Pistacia lentiscus (Anacardiaceae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 76, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b97-166.
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Parthenocarpy (the production of seedless fruits) and abortion of reproductive structures at different developmental stages are important processes limiting female fecundity in Pistacia lentiscus (Anacardiaceae), a Mediterranean endozoochorous dioecious shrub. This paper tests (i) the effects of water and pollen as the ecological causes of abortion and parthenocarpy, (ii) the function of abortion and parthenocarpy regarding the uncertainty on resources and predispersal seed predation, and (iii) reviews the evolution of parthenocarpy across the phylogeny of the genusPistacia and the family Anacardiaceae. Using experimental manipulations, we examined the effects of pollen and water availability on female fecundity. The components of female fecundity were the four sequential developmental stages in the reproductive cycle: (i) flower survival after pollination, (ii) latent ovary survival, (iii) final-sized fruit survival, and (iv) seed viability. The survival of reproductive structures along the four developmental stages in response to pollination was highly variable. The survival of pollen-excluded flowers was negligible. Water addition increased the survival of reproductive structures in the first two developmental stages but this effect was lost in the other two stages. However, irrigation had a delayed effect, significantly increasing the number of viable seeds per number of flowers at the following reproductive season. The irrigated females significantly increased the percentage of viable seeds, whereas nonirrigated females did not. These data support the hypothesis that the adjustment of progeny size to the available resources is an individual feature inherent to the life history of each individual and therefore independent on the present resource level. This adjustment may have an adaptive value in relation to uncertainty of water availability. An advantage for parthenocarpy in terms of reducing seed predation was not found and it may be a nonadaptive plesiomorphic character within the genus Pistacia and within the family Anacardiaceae. A significant negative relationship was found between the rate of seed abortion and predispersal seed predation by wasps, suggesting that abortion reduces insect predation. In support of this hypothesis, we found that fruits with aborted seeds abscised in a lower proportion than expected, while fruits with seeds parasitized by wasps fell in a greater proportion than expected. Key words: abortion, parthenocarpy, predispersal seed predation, seed production.
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Cordazzo, Cesar Vieira, and Anthony John Davy. "Seed production and seed quality of the dune building grass Panicum racemosum Spreng." Acta Botanica Brasilica 8, no. 2 (December 1994): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-33061994000200004.
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Seed production, pollination requirement, seed characteristics related to quality and the relationship between number and mass of seeds were examined for Panicum racemosum in three successional populations in southern Brazilian coastal dunes. The seed production was generally low and declined further between the frontal dunes and the backdunes, dropping from 4.05 seeds per panicle in the former to 1.8 seeds in the latter. However fertility (% fertile florets) did not differ among the three habitats. Plants cross-pollinated in a glasshouse showed an increase in seed production to 41.4 seeds compared to no seed production in self-pollinated plants. Caryopses varied in mass from 3.2 to 12.2 mg with a mean of 7.98 mg. A strong negative correlation was found between mean individual seed mass and the total number of seeds per panicle in a natural population. However, this relationship did not persist in seeds produced by cultivated plants in the glasshouse. The causes of low seed production appear to be mainly pollen self-incompatibility and additionally competition for nutrients between sexual reproduction and allocation to clonal growth. Under conditions of nutrient shortage, Panicum racemosum probably allocates resources more to clonal growth and to fewer, but well-endowed seeds. This would permit emergence from deeper burial sand, faster growth and greater survival of seedlings.
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Palta, J. A., and C. Ludwig. "Elevated CO2 during pod filling increased seed yield but not harvest index in indeterminate narrow-leafed lupin." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 51, no. 2 (2000): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar99099.
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Indeterminate narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L. cv. Merrit) was exposed to enriched atmospheric CO2 during pod-filling to enhance the availability of carbon resources for pod-filling in order to determine whether or not seed-filling, yield, and harvest index are limited by the availability of photosynthetic assimilate. Plants were grown in a glasshouse and the flowers painted with an aqueous solution containing either N6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) or no BAP to generate 2 different numbers of pods per plant. From the time when pods began to fill seeds (≥5 mg/seed) until maturity, plants were exposed to either ambient (350–360 L/L) or enriched (700 L/L) CO2 by enclosing them in 2 transparent, box-shaped tunnels with similar temperatures, light, and water conditions. Whether or not BAP was applied to flowers, CO2 enrichment increased the final number of pods and the number of pods that filled large seeds (≥150 mg) by 20–22 pods/plant. Enriched CO2 reduced to zero the number of pods that had small seeds (≥30–80 mg) and reduced the number of pods with unfilled seeds from 16 to 1 pod/plant. This increased seed yield per plant by 44–66%, but did not affect the harvest index. Harvest index was unchanged because enriched CO2, while increasing pod-filling, also increased pod set and dry matter accumulation on the developing branches. This indicates that an increased availability of carbon resources during-pod filling changed the allocation of assimilates by filling small seeds and producing new branches. The 47–56% increase in dry matter per plant was reflected in the increase in seed yield, which occurred largely through an increased number of pods and seeds per plant. These data support the idea that seed-filling and hence seed yield in well-nodulated, indeterminate narrow-leafed lupin is limited by carbon resources at the stage when the plant is most source-limited, which is during podset and pod-filling.
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Alemu, Molla Mekonnen. "Soil Seed Bank and Natural Regeneration of Trees." Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 2 (March 18, 2016): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v9n2p73.
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The current trend of natural resources utilization, such as soils is getting incompatible with the natural, biological, physical and chemical processes of ecosystems. Excessive pressure of increasing agricultural production has exerted a negative impact on soil and its associated resources development. As the agricultural frontiers are getting exhausted in terms of productivity, immediate need has been developed to bring previously considered marginal and peripheral lands under cultivation by clearing forest resources by posing a sever threat to different ecosystems. Forest plantations are generally considered as efficient ways for the sustained development, rehabilitation and protection of land resources. Forest plantations will also provide other ecosystem services like, timber and associated products, control of soil erosion, edible fruits, shelter for wildlife, moderating climate and weather and carbon sequestration. Apart from this, forest plantations will serve a natural medium for the succession of the forest in the understory by moderating the microclimate and by creating the conducive environment for the proper functioning of dispersal agents and the soil seed bank regeneration process. The objective of this article is, therefore, to outline the soil seed bank elements and the natural regeneration process of trees as knowledge about soil seed bank and regeneration process plays a vital role in the proper management of forest development activities and understanding of forest dynamics.
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Martín, Isaura, Laura Gálvez, Luis Guasch, and Daniel Palmero. "Fungal Pathogens and Seed Storage in the Dry State." Plants 11, no. 22 (November 18, 2022): 3167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11223167.
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Seeds can harbor a wide range of microorganisms, especially fungi, which can cause different sanitary problems. Seed quality and seed longevity may be drastically reduced by fungi that invade seeds before or after harvest. Seed movement can be a pathway for the spread of diseases into new areas. Some seed-associated fungi can also produce mycotoxins that may cause serious negative effects on humans, animals and the seeds themselves. Seed storage is the most efficient and widely used method for conserving plant genetic resources. The seed storage conditions used in gene banks, low temperature and low seed moisture content, increase seed longevity and are usually favorable for the survival of seed-borne mycoflora. Early detection and identification of seed fungi are essential activities to conserve high-quality seeds and to prevent pathogen dissemination. This article provides an overview of the characteristics and detection methods of seed-borne fungi, with a special focus on their potential effects on gene bank seed conservation. The review includes the following aspects: types of seed-borne fungi, paths of infection and transmission, seed health methods, fungi longevity, risk of pathogen dissemination, the effect of fungi on seed longevity and procedures to reduce the harmful effects of fungi in gene banks.
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SHU, Xiao, Xu YANG, and Zhiling YANG. "Variation in Seed and Seedling Traits among Fifteen Chinese Provenances of Magnolia officinalis." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 40, no. 2 (September 24, 2012): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha4027946.
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Magnolia officinalis seeds were collected from 15 different provenances, ranging from 336 to 1387 m in China. The main objective of this study was to identify germplasm resources of M. officinalis by test seed traits, seed germination, seedling traits, and seedling growth rate. There are significant differences among provenances in all studied attributes except relative growth rate and the net assimilation rate. Seed weight exhibited maximum variation among provenances in seed morphometric traits with a significant positive correlation in terms of average annual temperature and average annual rainfall, and negative correlation with latitude of seed origin. Overall average seed germination in nursery was 59.4% varying from 26.6% to 91.2%. Seedling height decreased by geographical latitude gradually from south to north, while stem diameter declines from east to west. That means the geographic variation of the plant at the seedling stage manifests a two-way variation with the latitude and longitude. Seed of Longsheng, Yangxian, Jingning, Wuyishan, Kaixian and Ningqiang provenance have been identified suitable to produce quality seedlings. It can be concluded that the observed patterns of variation will have implications for genetic resources conservation and tree improvement.
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Ceccato, Diana V., H. Daniel Bertero, and Diego Batlla. "Environmental control of dormancy in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) seeds: two potential genetic resources for pre-harvest sprouting tolerance." Seed Science Research 21, no. 2 (February 15, 2011): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096025851100002x.
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AbstractPre-harvest sprouting (PHS) is a serious risk when adapting quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) seed production to different temperate environments. Two quinoa accessions, ‘2-Want’ and ‘Chadmo’ were evaluated under field conditions in the Argentinean pampas over 2 years on five different sowing dates, to explore a range of climate conditions under which seed filling is manageable in this region. Both accessions exhibited dormancy during seed development and maturation under the conditions examined; however, dormancy expression was restricted to low temperatures in 2-Want, while seeds of Chadmo, originating from the humid island of Chiloe, southern Chile, expressed a high level of dormancy at all examined temperatures. Dormancy release was observed as a reduction in the lowest temperature permissible for seed germination, which broadened the optimal germination temperature window. Higher storage temperature increased the rate of dormancy release. The environment during seed development on the mother plant affected the levels and patterns of seed dormancy, with higher temperatures and longer photoperiods promoting dormancy. As dormancy was released before the next production period, the levels of dormancy observed in the accession would allow timely planting and uniform germination, while dormancy during seed maturation ensures the prevention of PHS. Chadmo showed deeper dormancy levels in all situations, compared with 2-Want, therefore greater PHS tolerance under various conditions in the pampas region can be expected for Chadmo, which makes this accession a better candidate to be included in adaptive breeding programmes for quinoa.
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Grauda, Dace, Veneranda Stramkale, Ļubova Komlajeva, Agnese Kolodinska Bratestam, Andra Miķelsone, Lita Lapiņa, Aija Auziņa, and Isaak Rashal. "EVALUATION OF THE LATVIAN FLAX GENETIC RESOURCES AND PERSPECTIVE OF THEIR UTILISATION." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (August 3, 2015): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2009vol1.1095.
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Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is one of the oldest fibre and oil crop in Europe, including Latvia. In the middle of the last century growing areas of this crop was reduced dramatically. Nowadays flax attracted a great interest again as a fibre and oil processor, as well as a crop for diversification of agriculture and, in the same time, as a crop for producing high quality fibre for industry, high quantity oil for biofuel and high quality oil for feeding, food, and pharmacy (source of α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid and vitamins). We evaluated all available flax accessions of the Latvian origin and number of their hybrid lines. Agronomically important qualitative and quantitative traits, such as total plant height, technical plant height, number of seed vessels, logging resistance, vegetation period, yield of straws and seeds, 1000 seeds weight, bast fibre, number of seeds in a seed vessel, oil content and rust resistance gene L alleles L2 and L9 were recorded. Results of the field trials of two last years were summarized. Local accessions are useful as a source for breeding to adaptation of flax varieties to the local Latvian conditions. With use of molecular methods flax rust resistance allele L2 and L9 were found in eleven accessions.
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Sultana, A., and AQMB Rashid. "Effect of Seed Category as Affected by Bipolaris sorokiniana on the Germination of Wheat Seeds." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 5, no. 1 (August 7, 2012): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i1.11563.
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An experiment was conducted under in-vitro condition to determine the effect of wheat seed categories such as healthy looking, blackpointed and shriveled as affected by Bipolaris sorokiniana on the germination of wheat seeds. The work was done in the laboratory of Seed Pathology Center, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during 2010-11. The highest prevalence 65%) of B. sorokiniana was recorded in shriveled seeds, (42%) was recorded in blackpointed seeds, and (30%) was associated with healthy looking seeds. The pathogen was responsible for the highest germination failure (87%) found in the category of shriveled seeds and then (35%) was found in blackpointed seeds while the healthy looking seeds showed (24%) germination failure. The result suggests that, the shriveled and blackpointed seed samples must be rejected, and after proper seed health test in an only the healthy looking seeds may be recommended for sowing through proper seed treatment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i1.11563 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(1): 113 - 116, 2012
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Takeya, Masaru, Fukuhiro Yamasaki, Sachiko Hattori, Chie Oyanagi, Takashi Chibana, and Norihiko Tomooka. "Genebank data-management software incorporating seed-viability test results." Plant Genetic Resources 11, no. 3 (March 20, 2013): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262113000051.
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The National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences' (NIAS) Genebank is the coordinating institute in Japan for the conservation of plant, microorganism and animal genetic resources related to food and agriculture. The NIAS Genebank manages this activity in collaboration with sub-banks located across Japan and acts as the central bank. It is important for genebanks to maintain the viability of genetic resources during conservation. Generally, seeds are stored at low temperature and low humidity. Germination percentage is used to monitor seed viability. We have developed data-management software to manage germination testing data in the NIAS Genebank. The software can monitor the pattern of the loss of seed viability of each accession and also support the selection of accessions that need regeneration of seeds. Web-based plant accessions search software displays the latest data on the availability and germination percentages of accessions.