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1
Gouws, Reinette. "Etiology and integrated control of common scab on seed potatoes in South Africa." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08212007-102435.
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Arpiwi, Ni Luh. "The application of novel methods for increasing the yield of small round seed potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties Atlantic and Granola." University of Western Australia. School of Plant Biology, 2004. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2004.0020.
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Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties Atlantic and Granola are widely grown in Indonesia. The optimal method of cultivation in the tropics, due to the susceptibility of cut seed for disease, is by small (20 to 55 g) whole seed potatoes. However, the variety Atlantic produces mostly large tubers, which are not suitable for planting as whole seeds. Although Granola produces a reasonable proportion of small tubers it still produces a few in the larger size grades and there is no fresh market in Western Australia for the larger tubers for this variety. The aim of this study was to develop methods to be used in Western Australia that improve the yield of small seed potatoes for export to Indonesia. The influence of seed-potato storage duration (at 4°C) on subsequent stem growth was assessed after 30 days growth in a glasshouse (22°C/18°C, day⁄night). Seed potato storage for 22-28 (Atlantic) and 24-30 (Granola) weeks resulted in development of higher numbers of stems. A series of field experiment were designed to increase yield of small tubers. Apical sprout removal in Granola, but not Atlantic, increased the number of stems (by 27%), yield of 20-55 g potato (by 32%) and total yield (by 17%). Application of herbicide (paraquat + diquat) at low concentration during early tuber initiation decreased total yield in Atlantic (by 14%) and Granola (by 16%). Treating whole seed potatoes with carvone vapor two weeks before planting had no influence on stem or tuber number in both Atlantic and Granola but in Atlantic only, the total yield was reduced by 12%. Spraying plants with paclobutrazol during early tuber initiation inconsistently influenced tuber number and yield between the two varieties and two experiments. The influence of gibberellic acid (GA3) on stem number, total tuber number, yield of 20-55 g tubers and total yield was investigated by dipping seed pieces in a GA3 solution (20 mg⁄L) two days prior to planting. In Atlantic, GA3 treatment increased stem number (by 147%), total tuber number (by 75%) and yield of 20-55 g tubers (by 330%) without influencing total yield. In Granola, GA3 treatment increased stem number (by 50%), total tuber number (by 15%), yield of 20-55 g tubers (by 21%) and total yield (by 10%) The influence of gibberellic acid application (20 mg⁄L) to seed pieces before planting increased the number of small tubers through increased stem number. The shift toward a greater proportion of small tubers, without reducing total yield, had a greater influence in Atlantic than that in Granola. Treatment of GA3 and paclobutrazol together decreased total yield compared to that of GA3 alone
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Van, Hest Petrus A. A. M. "Production of potatoes through true botanic seed." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295248.
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Davey, Triona. "The importance of potato mop-top virus (PMTV) in Scottish seed potatoes." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2300.
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The key aim of this research was to determine the extent of PMTV infection in Scottish seed potatoes and the critical factors which influence infection. The research incorporated a survey of PMTV infection in susceptible cultivars in Scotland, a glasshouse trial to determine the role of temperature in the transmission of PMTV from the soil to the host plant, and field trials which studied the transmission rate from seed to daughter tubers and the relative contribution of seed and soil inoculum to disease development. The survey of Scottish seed crops showed that PMTV occurs in all regions of Scotland but is not particularly prevalent even on known susceptible cultivars. The incidence of crops infected by PMTV differed greatly amongst the regions, with more crops grown in Central Scotland being infected than elsewhere. Although the occurrence of PMTV is linked to the powdery scab organism, there is no correlation between the occurrence of powdery scab and PMTV infection. Temperature was found to be an important factor in the occurrence of symptoms of PMTV infection. The incidence of PMTV infection in tubers was similar at 12°C and 19°C but spraing was absent at 19°C. Transmission from seed to daughter tubers was found to be inefficient, with less than half the daughter tubers derived from PMTV-infected seed being infected by PMTV. However, high incidences of tuber infection were often present in crops after one growing season indicating that soil inoculum is the main source of PMTV infection. Seed-borne inoculum is also of great importance as planting infected seed tubers in clean land brings a risk of introducing PMTV into the soil.
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Lowe, Robert 1961. "In vitro hardening, improved greenhouse minituber production and field performance of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. Norland." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21598.
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Micropropagated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plantlets are routinely used for producing specific pathogen tested minitubers in the Canadian seed tuber certification industry. In vitro hardening methods for micropropagated 'Norland' were investigated, involving full and half strength Murashige and Skoog (1962) based propagation medium supplemented with NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, polyethyleneglycol, or paclobutrazol. Ten different media treatments were compared for their effect on stomatal function and early transplant performance using porometry, microscopy, and direct ex vitro transplanting. PEG, NaCl and 1/2 MS + 3 mM Ca treatments did lead to decreased leaf water losses. However, these treatments did not improve ex vitro transplant performance compared to controls. Minituber production was investigated using ex vitro plantlets in a rockwool-based hydroponic system. Productivity was evaluated for treatments involving photoperiod pretreatment, planting orientation, planting density, and hilling. No difference in total yield was detected when plantlets were exposed to 12 compared with 16 hour photoperiod pretreatments. However, short photoperiod pretreatment increased the number of minitubers in the most desirable size range. Increased planting density reduced yield per plant. However, small increases in yield per m2 occurred with increased planting density. Hilling, pinching, and planting orientation had no effect upon minituber size, number, or overall fresh weight yield. Significant differences in minituber yield occurred in field experiments. Larger minitubers (10--40 g) had larger yields compared with smaller minitubers (1--5 g). These results will contribute to improved minituber production technology for the Canadian certified potato seed tuber industry.
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Leclerc, Yves. "The production and utilization of potato microtubers." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41512.
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A protocol is presented for the rapid (28 days) induction of microtubers on micropropagated layered potato plantlets of 'Kennebec', 'Russet Burbank' and 'Superior' in medium devoid of growth regulators. With this method the addition of coumarin, 6-(2-chloroethyl)-trimethylammonium chloride and 6-benzylamino-purine to the microtuberization medium either had no effect or significantly reduced microtuber weight per plantlet. Increasing the incubation period from 28 to 56 days significantly increased the weight of microtubers per plantlet and the proportion of microtubers heavier than 1 gram. Increasing the volume of microtuberization medium from 50 to 100 ml significantly increased the number of microtubers per plantlet. Microtuber dormancy periods were cultivar-specific and microtubers $ le$250 mg had longer dormancy periods as compared to microtubers $>$250 mg. A positive correlation was established between endogenous abscisic acid levels and microtuber dormancy periods. Microtubers $ le$250 mg had lower specific gravity, fewer eyes and produce fewer sprouts than microtubers $>$250 mg. Microtuber-derived plants were generally single-stemmed. Severe physiological ageing treatment ($>$2500 degree-days) had no effect on microtuber sprout development, stem number, tuber number and only minimally influenced tuber weight of microtuber-derived plants. Decreasing field in-row planting density from 30 to 10 cm reduced tuber weights and numbers per plant but increased them on a per hectare basis. Economic analysis indicated that optimum planting density varied depending on plantlet cost. The optimum planting density was 10 cm if the cost of the plantlet was $0.10 or less, 20 if plantlet cost were from $0.10 and $0.20 and 30 cm for plantlet cost greater than $0.20. A potato seed tuber certification program adapted to the needs and constraints of Egypt is presented.
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Shakya, J. D. "The production of potatoes from true potato seed by transplanting or field sowing." Thesis, University of Reading, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354099.
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Sarries, Juan Miguel. "Effects of physiological age of potato seed on plant development and yield in dual cropping systems in Uruguay." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=185659.
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In N. Uruguay two potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) crops are grown per year, one in the fall and the other in spring. In each season physiologically young seed tubers are planted, resulting in relatively slow crop emergence and low yields. The aim of the current research was to determine the effects of physiological ageing of seed tubers on the dynamics of canopy growth, radiation interception and radiation use efficiency (RUE) of crops in the short seasons of Uruguay and to identify opportunities for increasing yield. Experiments were conducted on cv Chieftain over three years from 2000 to 2002. Prior to planting seed was stored at different controlled temperatures to generate physiological ages (measured in thermal time) ranging from 0 (the youngest) to 1200 oC days (the oldest). Ageing led to earlier crop emergence (3-9 days depending on the year), but its potential benefits on radiation interception, dry matter production and yield were negated by an earlier canopy senescence and often smaller canopy size. There was no consistent effect of ageing on RUE although the harvest index was increased. Leaf tagging showed that leaf appearance and senescence was advanced by ageing and the lifespan of individual leaves was reduced. Leaf lifespan did not appear to be related to the sink demand by tubers for assimilate, because removal of tubers at the start of bulking had no effect on lifespan. Maintaining canopy structure during senescence led to a small increase in yield. Although physiological ageing did not result in a consistent increase in yield in either season, use of older seed may provide an insurance against the risk of adverse weather conditions late in the season terminating tuber bulking prematurely.
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Tshisola, Steve Ndondji. "Improved potato (Solanum tuberosum) seed production through aeroponics system." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86240.
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Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The potato can be considered as one of the most important food crops in many African countries. The potential of this crop is reflected in the large increase in area of production where Africa showed the highest rate of growth within the developing world over the past twenty years. The multiplication rate of potatoes is very low compared to other crops. Therefore it is essential to investigate methods of increasing the number of minitubers produced from disease free in-vitro plantlets. There is a number of potato propagation procedures that are currently being used worldwide to multiply seed potatoes. As aeroponics is still a relatively new technique that has not been researched extensively for the production of minitubers, a study relating to the production practises including the nutritional requirements of potato minitubers produced in a aeroponic system were undertaken. Potato plantlets, cv BP1, were grown aeroponically at two different densities (20 and 30 plants/m2) and four harvest intervals (7, 10, 14 and 18 days). The interaction between harvesting intervals and plant densities did not influence plant growth, minituber quality or yield. Best results were realised when harvesting every 7 days with a higher total tuber number over the growing period. Harvest interval also influenced the phosphorus and copper concentration in minitubers. To study the effect of Calcium (Ca) application rate, potato plantlets of cultivars Up-to-date, Mnandi, Buffelspoort and BP1 were grown at four different Ca levels (8.40, 6.75, 5.10 and 3.45 meq/L). The interaction between Ca application levels and cultivars significantly influenced the percentage stolon branching. BP1 had more stolons at the lowest Ca application level and Buffelspoort had more stolons at the full Ca application levels. However, low Ca treatments produced the highest yield. The minituber number and weight harvested were three times more for Mnandi. An aeroponic study on the irrigation frequency (20, 30, 40 and 50 minutes interval) was conducted on four potato cultivars (Up-to-date, Mnandi, Buffelsoort and BP1). Significant differences were noted in the interaction between irrigation frequencies and cultivars for the percentage tuberised plants and stolon and tuber dry mass. When irrigated every 40 minutes, 48% of the Buffelspoort plants produced tubers. Plant height was also significantly affected by the interaction between irrigation frequencies and potato cultivars, with Mnandi producing taller plants when irrigated every 30 minutes. Total tuber number and tuber fresh and dry weight was higher at the irrigation frequency of 20 minutes. The interaction between irrigation frequencies and cultivars on the response to macro and trace elements was not significant for sodium and iron but was for phosphorus, potassium, calcium, zinc and aluminium. A field study was conducted in a greenhouse where potato seed of BP1 obtained from the first trial were graded into different sizes (Small: >20, medium: 20–40 and large: > 40 mm of diameter) and stored at 3 different temperatures (3, 16 and 25oC) for 2 supplementary months before being planted. Sprouting capacity was mostly influenced by temperature regardless of other factors applied to potato seed minitubers such as harvest intervals and sizes. The higher storage temperature of 25oC resulted in tubers with a higher number of sprouts, longer sprouts and with a higher sprouting capacity.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Aartappels is een van die belangrikste voedselgewasse in baie lande in Afrika. Die potensiaal van die gewas word gereflekteer in die groot toename in produksie areas, met Afrika wat die vinnigste van al die ontwikkelende lande gegroei het die laaste 20. In vergelyking met ander gewasse is die tempo van planvermeerdering by aartappels baie stadig. Dit is dus essensieel om metodes te ondersoek wat sal help om die aantal miniknolle wat per in vitro plantjie verkry kan word te verhoog. Daar is heelparty plant vermeerderings prosedures wat tans wêreldwyd gebruik word om saad aartappels te vermeerder. Aangesien aeroponika nog steeds ʼn relatiewe nuwe tegniek is wat nog nie ekstensief ondersoek is vir die verbouing van miniknolle nie, is ‘n studie geloods om te kyk na die produksie praktyke, wat insluit die voedingsbehoeftes van aartappel miniknolle in ʼn aeroponika sisteem. Aartappel plantjies, kultivar, BP1, is aeroponies verbou by twee plant digthede (20 en 30 plante/m2) en vier oesintervalle (7, 10, 14 en 18 dae). Die interaksie tussen oesintervalle en plantdigtheid het geen effek gehad op plant groei, miniknol kwaliteit of opbrengs nie. Die beste resultate is verkry waar die knolle elke 7 dae geoes is met ‘n hoër totale aantal knolle oor die groeiseisoen. Die oesinterval het ook ‘n effek gehad op die fosfaat en koper konsentrasie van die miniknolle. Om die effek van die Kalsium (Ca) toedieningspeil te ondersoek is aartappel plantjies; kultivars Up-to-date, Mnandi, Buffelspoort en BP1 gekweek by vier verskillende Ca peile (8.40, 6.75, 5.10 en 3.45 meq/L). Die interaksie tussen Ca toedienings peile en kultivars het ‘n beduidende effek gehad op die persentasie stolon vertakking. BP1 het meer stolons gehad by die laagste Ca toedieningspeil en Buffelspoort het meer stolons gehad by die volle Ca toedieningspeil. Die hoogste opbrengste is egter waargeneem by die laagste Ca toedieningspeil. Die aantal miniknolle en oes massa was drie keer meer vir Mnandi. ‘n Aeroponiese studie op die besproeiingsfrekwensie (20, 30, 40 en 50 minuut intervalle) is gedoen met vier aartappel kultivars (Up-to-date, Mnandi, Buffelsoort en BP1). Beduidende verskille is opgemerk in die interaksie tussen besproeiings frekwensie en kultivars vir die persentasie plante met knolle en stolon en knol droë massa. Met besproeiings elke 40 minute het 48% van die Buffelspoort plante knolle produseer. Plant hoogte is ook beduidend beïnvloed deur die interaksie tussen besproeiingsfrekwensie en aartappel kultivar met Mnandi plante wat hoër was wanneer dit elke 30 minute besproei is. Die totale aantal knolle en knol vars- en droë massa was hoër wanneer daar elke 20 minute besproei is. Die interaksie tussen besproeiings frekwensie en kultivars op die makro- en mikro element inhoud van die knolle was nie beduidend vir natrium en yster nie, maar wel vir fosfaat, kalium, kalsium, sink en aluminium. ‘n Potproef is gedoen in ‘n kweekhuis waar aartappel saad van BP1 verkry vanaf die eerste proef nadat knolle verdeel is in verskillende grootte klasse (klein: < 20mm, medium: 20-40mm en groot: >40mm) en gestoor is by drie verskillende temperature (3, 16 en 25oC) vir 2 addisionele maande voor plant. Spruit ontwikkelings kapasiteit was meestal beïnvloed deur temperatuur ten spyte van ander behandelings soos oes intervalle en knol grootte. Die hoër bergings temperatuur 25oC het aanleiding gegee tot knolle met ‘n hoër aantal spruite, langer spruite en ‘n hoër spruit ontwikkelings kapasiteit.
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Osborne, Josephine Frances. "Transmission of powdery scab disease of potatoes by seed tubers." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311017.
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White, Marcia Diane 1950. "POTATO SEED PIECE CARBAMATE PROTECTANT EFFECTS ON SPROUTING, GROWTH AND YIELD (BENOMYL, MANEB, MANCOZEB)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276366.
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Thera, Aissata Traore. "Bacterial wilt management a prerequisite for a potato seed certification program in Mali /." Thesis, Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/thera/TheraA1207.pdf.
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Ingram, Jason Timothy. "Spread of Colletotrichum coccodes from infected potato seed tubers and effect of fungicides on stem infection." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2008/j_ingram_112108.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in plant pathology)--Washington State University, December 2008.Title from PDF title page (viewed on Dec. 23, 2008). "Department of Plant Pathology." Includes bibliographical references.
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Haydock, Patrick Peter John. "Potato seed tuber physiological age and tolerance of attack by the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/579232.
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Seed tubers conditioned to 0, 200 or 400 day-degrees above 4t were grown in land infested with Q. pallida. Plants from 400 day-degree seed emerged earlier, had larger canopies and greater dry weights early in the growing season than plants from 0 day-degree seed. However, physiological ageing reduced peak percentage ground cover and advanced crop senescence so that similar quantities of solar radiation were intercepted over the whole growth period. Overall, total and ware yields were not affected much by seed tuber physiological age. The partially resistant cultivars tested were more tolerant than the non resistant cultivars but tolerance was not usually affected by physiological age of seed tubers. The effects of nematicide treatment, initial Q. pallida population density, cultivar maturity class, cultivar resistance status and planting date on nematode multiplication, plant growth and tolerance of attack by Q. pallida are discussed. Using data from a variable temperature water bath experiment, probability and regression analysis estimated mean basal temperatures for the development of Q. pallida and Q. rostochiensis at 2.5 and S.rCi least variance analysis estimates were 3.5 and 4.rC respectively. Approximately 200 day-degrees above 3.5 and 4.rC were required from the inoculation of JJ2 of Q. pallida and G. rostochiensis to the peak numbers of JJ5 found in potato roots. From a range of chemicals tested for their ability to release antigen from Q. pallida cysts, sodium hypochlorite was found to be the most effective. Released antigen was detected using polyclonal antisera and monoclonal antibodies in an ELISA test. The potential for the development of an ELISA based diagnosis test for PCN using species-specific antibodies is discussed.
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Gunadi, Nikardi. "Potatoes grown from true seed under differing environments in West Java." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239168.
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Greiner, Blake William. "Inoculation and Spread of Dickeya in Potatoes." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29461.
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Field experiments were conducted in two different growing environments to evaluate the spread and movement of Dickeya dadantii. A procedure to inoculate seed potatoes with Dickeya dadantii was developed to use during this study. Spread of Dickeya dadantii from inoculated potato seed to healthy potato seed during the handling, cutting and planting procedures was not detected at either location. Spread of Dickeya dadantii from inoculated seed to surrounding progeny tubers in the field was documented in both locations. In Florida, 33% of progeny tubers tested positive for Dickeya using PCR, and in North Dakota, 13% of the progeny tubers tested positive. Stunting was observed in plants grown from Dickeya dadantii inoculated seed tubers in North Dakota, but not in Florida. These results indicate that Dickeya dadantii may spread during the seed handling and cutting processes and can spread in the field from infected seed tubers to progeny tubers.
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Dhital, Bishnu Kumar. "Diffused light storage of seed potatoes in the hills of Nepal in relation to seed tuber physiology, production, environment and socio-economics." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310169.
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Harkett, Peter John. "Studies on the use of cut seed tubers for the production of potatoes for French fry processing." Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309520.
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Fourie, Michelle Louise. "The potential of wheat, maize, lucerne, and soybean as plant borders to reduce aphid-transmitted virus incidence in seed potatoes." Pretoria : [s. n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09042009-172734/.
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Schroder, Michelle L. "Host plant preference of Rhopalosiphum padi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and its role in selecting crop border plants to reduce Potato virus Y (PVY) in seed potatoes." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/79775.
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Winged Rhopalosiphum padi in search of good quality host plants transmit the non-persistent
Potato virus Y (PVY) to seed potatoes. Planting a non-virus host plant as a border around the
main crop can reduce PVY incidence, because aphids tend to land in high numbers at the
edge of a field and the crop border acts as a virus sink. Using a trap crop could increase the
number of aphids landing in the border. During host-plant searching behaviour, alate
(winged) aphids respond to short (UV) and long (green - yellow) wavelength stimuli and
plant volatiles. The present study evaluated R. padi preference for maize and wheat cultivars
in comparison to potato cultivars to identify a potential crop border plant that is attractive to
aphids for landing but does not support a high aphid population density. The study further
served to develop selection criteria for potential crop border plants. To this end the landing and settling preference and reproductive rate of R. padi on three cultivars each of maize,
potato and wheat were compared in choice and no-choice laboratory trials. The attractiveness
of different shades of green, relative to differences in spectral reflectance of the crop
cultivars, to R. padi was determined as well as olfactory responses of this species, to the plant cultivars tested. Landing and reproduction of R. padi suggested maize cultivars ‘6Q-121’ and
’78-15B’ are potential crop border plants. In choice and no-choice experiments, R. padi
produced the highest number of offspring on wheat than on maize. In contrast, wheat
cultivars had the greatest potential to be used as crop border plants based on percentage
wavelength reflection in the green-yellow wavelength region. Rhopalosiphum padi preferred
to land on yellow and lime colour targets with a maximum wavelength reflectance of 46%
and 26%, respectively. The peak light reflectance of the crop plants ranged between 12% and
20%, with wheat reflecting the highest percentage of light. However, olfactory responses of
R. padi indicated that maize ‘6Q-121’ may prove to be a suitable crop border plant. The
volatiles emitted by maize ‘6Q-121’ did not contain compounds such as -farnasene, (E)-2- hexenal, indole and TMTT which are known to repel R. padi. On the other hand, R. padi did
not distinguish between maize and wheat cultivars prior to landing, which indicates that both
visual and olfactory cues are important in host plant selection behaviour and thus for
selecting crop border plants. The results of the present study suggest that maize ‘6Q-121’
could be used as a crop border plant in seed potato production regions where R. padi is
abundant, due to high aphid landing and low reproduction rates. In conclusion, a suitable crop
border plant should be a preferred host plant and cultivar of the dominant aphid vector
species in a seed potato production region. Potential plant cultivars should reflect a higher
percentage of light in the green-yellow wavelength region than the main crop and the volatile
profiles should preferably not contain compounds that are known to repel the aphid vector.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
Potatoes South Africa (PSA), and the Technology and Human Resources (THRIPP)
Zoology and Entomology
PhD
Unrestricted
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Larson, William Kalvin. "The Effect of Variable Seed-Borne Inoculum Load of Dickeya dianthicola on Performance and Infection of Field Grown Potatoes." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/32039.
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Field experiments were conducted at Live Oak, Florida, and Rhodesdale, Maryland, to evaluate the effect of variable seed-borne inoculum load of Dickeya dianthicola on potato plant emergence, plant growth throughout the growing season, disease prevalence in the field throughout the growing season, yield and grade, and transmission of D. dianthicola to progeny tubers. No statistically significant differences in emergence, plant height, or disease incidence were observed at either location. Statistically significant differences were observed in yield at the Florida location; all inoculated treatments had significantly lower yield than the non-inoculated control. No significant differences in yield were observed among treatments at the Maryland location. No significant differences in grade were observed at the Florida location. Significant differences in one tuber profile category were observed at the Maryland location. No significant differences in transmission of D. dianthicola to progeny tubers were observed at the Florida and Maryland locations.
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Leclerc, Yves. "Acclimatization, field performance and microtuberization of tissue cultured potato (Solanum tubererosum L.) cv. Russet Burbank." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61861.
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Percival, Glynn C. "Factors influencing accumulation of potato glycoalkaloids and their potential manipulation in tuber pathogen control." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363760.
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Mortimer-Jones, Sheila Mary. "Development of Diagnostic Tools for the Seed Potato Industry." Thesis, Mortimer-Jones, Sheila Mary (2010) Development of Diagnostic Tools for the Seed Potato Industry. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2010. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/3001/.
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The Australian potato industry is threatened by inadequate measures to control the virus health of seed potatoes. Potatoes are vegetatively propagated; therefore infection can result in disease spreading through generations. This has the potential to cause significant economic losses. Virus testing on tuber sprouts is currently conducted by ELISA, however a significant time delay of several weeks can occur while tubers sprout. There is a considerable need for a rapid, quantitative and cost effective virus test directly on bulked samples of dormant tubers to identify infected lots during seed multiplication.
The potato viruses of economic importance in Western Australia are Potato virus S, (PVS), Potato virus X, (PVX), Potato leafroll virus, (PLRV) and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). The main aim of this project was to develop reliable PCR-based methods for multiplex real-time quantitative detection of these viruses in bulked potato tuber samples for seed certification for domestic and export markets.
Knowledge of the distribution of the viruses within tuber tissue was needed to develop more effective methods of RNA extraction. The distribution of the viruses in histological sections of potato tubers was investigated using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. All four viruses were found to be distributed at the stolon end of freshly harvested infected potato tubers. Extraction of RNA from tuber tissue is problematic because it contains starches and phenolics which inhibit RT-PCR. Extracting RNA from the tuber peelings would overcome this problem; however one of the viruses, PLRV, is restricted to the phloem in potato tubers. The distribution of the phloem in the superficial tissue of potato tubers was therefore investigated using histological staining and transmission electron microscopy. The vascular tissue was found to be within 2 mm below the epidermis of the tuber. With this knowledge, total RNA was extracted rapidly and efficiently from bulked potato peelings equivalent to 300 dormant tubers to detect single infections of PLRV, PVX, PVS and TSWV.
For the quantitative detection of these viruses in potato leaves and tuber tissue, specific primers and fluorescent-labeled TaqMan® probes were designed. A realtime multiplex, single tube RT-PCR assay was developed. The main tasks involved primer design, optimization of reagents, standardization of RNA samples from which standard curves for analysis were generated, and identification of a baseline on which to interpret results.
Limits of detection sensitivity were established using a range of virus transcript copy numbers (8 x 101 to 8 x 109 copies of PVX and PVS, 1 x 102 to 1 x 1010 copies of PLRV and 1 x 103 to 1 x 1010 copies of TSWV). The multiplexed assay was validated in blind studies. This high-throughput test is accurate and sensitive, and as a result this test is in the process of being commercialized and used by the seed potato industry of Western Australia as a cost-effective diagnostic tool to detect viruses reliably in bulked samples of dormant potato tubers.
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Lamont, Jeffrey. "Export marketing strategies for the Northern Ireland seed potato industry." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1989. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/12481.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is concerned primarily with the export marketing
performance of the Northern Ireland seed potato industry. The Industry
has shown a dramatic decline in exports over the past twenty years, and
this thesis proposes strategies aimed at regaining, and maintaining, a
competitive advantage for the industry in world markets.
A comparative analysis is conducted of the strategic and organisational
export capabilities of the Northern Ireland industry and its main
competitors. In addition, an analysis of the requirements of major
world seed potato markets is undertaken.
Academically, the thesis aims to apply the principles of export
marketing to a traditionally managed sector of agriculture. As such, it
is hoped that the thesis makes a useful contribution to the literature
on agricultural marketing and export marketing.
Major academic themes explored in the thesis include
- Globalisation versus 'customisation'
- New product development strategy and export success
- Product-life-cycle analysis and product-enhancement strategies
- Export promotional strategies
- The utility of horizontal and
marketing performances
- 'Market spreading' versus 'key market concentration'
vertical integration in enhancing
- Centrality or peripherality of the export function
The central hypothesis explored in the thesis is that in an
agricultural industry, such as a seed potato one, where production is
fragmented over a. large number of small production units, then a
necessary prerequisite to successful strategic exporting is the
existence of an appropriate organisational structure to carry out the
strategic tasks. This hypothesis is confirmed by the findings of the
research. As the product and service requirements of world seed potato
markets have changed over the years, and are becoming more
sophisticated, the Northern Ireland industry has been unable to adopt
an appropriate customisation strategy in response. This is due to the
inhibiting effect of an inappropriate organisational structure within
the industry. By way of contrast, industries which have developed
considerably by responding to changing market requirements (such as the
Netherlands, France and Scotland) are characterised by a strongly
integrated organisational structure (both horizontal and vertical). In
all these countries this has largely been achieved by the development
of marketing co-operatives.
In seeking to propose export marketing strategies for the Northern
Ireland industry therfore, a necessary prerequisite is to establish an
appropriately integrated organisational system within the industry. As
the seed potato marketing co-operative Expotato Limited has already
begun to introduce a horizontally and vertically intergrated discipline
into the Northern Ireland industry, it is suggested that this
co-operative should be further developed as a catalyst for positive
organisational and strategic development of the industry ...[cont.].
26
Rojas, Jose Santos. "Production and post-harvest technology for hybrid true potato seed (TPS)." Thesis, University of Reading, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363810.
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Dang, Thi Hue. "Supply of affordable high quality potato seed for potato production in the Red River Delta of Vietnam." Thesis, Curtin University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2415.
Full textAbstract:
Poor quality seed is the major constraint limiting both the productivity of potato crops and the expansion of the potato industry in Vietnam. Despite numerous attempts to establish a certified seed system, the most practical solution is to import clean foundation seed of the desired variety and physiological age. With imports from Europe and North America proving to be immature and too expensive, Western Australia (WA) has emerged as a potential source of high quality seed. While seed imports from WA are unique in that the varieties imported have been selected by researchers in Vietnam as being suited to the agro-ecological environment in the Red River Delta (RRD), no assessment of the economic benefits to smallholder potato farmers from the use of WA potato seed has been undertaken. In 2006/08, the yield and profitability of three potato varieties Eben, KT3 and Atlantic in two locations were compared where the crops had been derived from new seed imported from WA (VN0), seed derived from crops cultivated in the RRD after one generation (VN1) and two generations (VN2). There was a significant difference in the yield produced between the three different seed sources but not between the locations. For all varieties, and in both years, the yield decreased with the number of multiplications in Vietnam. Furthermore, the marketable yield declined significantly from the first crop (VN0) to the third crop (VN2). The decline in yield and tuber quality with each successive generation was associated with an increase in PVY and PVX infection. Not unexpectedly, differences in yield and marketable yield between the seed generations had a significant impact on the gross income for each variety.VN0 seed of all varieties produced the highest gross income (VND 2.4 to 4.1 M/sao) compared to VN1 (VND 1.9 to 3.1 M/sao) which was significantly higher than VN2 (VND 1.4 to 2.4 M/sao). However, while high quality seed is more productive, it is also more expensive. As a result, significant differences were observed between the seed costs. VN0 seed was almost two times more expensive (VND 10,500 – 11,000 per kg) than VN1 and VN2 seed (VND 6,000 – 6,500 per kg). Despite the higher costs, VN0 seed provided the highest net incomes compared to VN1 which was significantly higher than VN2. Farmers who retained seed received a higher net income (VND 0.13 – 0.6 M/sao) than those who did not retain seed. Ways to improve the accessibility of affordable, high quality potato seed to farmers in the RRD are discussed.
28
Dang, Thi Hue. "Supply of affordable high quality potato seed for potato production in the Red River Delta of Vietnam." Curtin University of Technology, Muresk Institute, 2008. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=118348.
Full textAbstract:
Poor quality seed is the major constraint limiting both the productivity of potato crops and the expansion of the potato industry in Vietnam. Despite numerous attempts to establish a certified seed system, the most practical solution is to import clean foundation seed of the desired variety and physiological age. With imports from Europe and North America proving to be immature and too expensive, Western Australia (WA) has emerged as a potential source of high quality seed. While seed imports from WA are unique in that the varieties imported have been selected by researchers in Vietnam as being suited to the agro-ecological environment in the Red River Delta (RRD), no assessment of the economic benefits to smallholder potato farmers from the use of WA potato seed has been undertaken. In 2006/08, the yield and profitability of three potato varieties Eben, KT3 and Atlantic in two locations were compared where the crops had been derived from new seed imported from WA (VN0), seed derived from crops cultivated in the RRD after one generation (VN1) and two generations (VN2). There was a significant difference in the yield produced between the three different seed sources but not between the locations. For all varieties, and in both years, the yield decreased with the number of multiplications in Vietnam. Furthermore, the marketable yield declined significantly from the first crop (VN0) to the third crop (VN2). The decline in yield and tuber quality with each successive generation was associated with an increase in PVY and PVX infection. Not unexpectedly, differences in yield and marketable yield between the seed generations had a significant impact on the gross income for each variety.VN0 seed of all varieties produced the highest gross income (VND 2.4 to 4.1 M/sao) compared to VN1 (VND 1.9 to 3.1 M/sao) which was significantly higher than VN2 (VND 1.4 to 2.4 M/sao). However, while high quality seed is more productive, it is also more expensive. As a result, significant differences were observed between the seed costs. VN0 seed was almost two times more expensive (VND 10,500 – 11,000 per kg) than VN1 and VN2 seed (VND 6,000 – 6,500 per kg). Despite the higher costs, VN0 seed provided the highest net incomes compared to VN1 which was significantly higher than VN2. Farmers who retained seed received a higher net income (VND 0.13 – 0.6 M/sao) than those who did not retain seed. Ways to improve the accessibility of affordable, high quality potato seed to farmers in the RRD are discussed.
29
Batt, Peter. "Building close and long-lasting relationships with focal customers: an empirical study of seed potato purchasing by Filipino potato farmers." Thesis, Curtin University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/171.
Full textAbstract:
In the highlands of the Northern Philippines, a model of long-term relationships between potato farmers and their preferred seed suppliers is proposed. In the absence of any certified seed system that might provide some guarantee of seed quality, farmers prefer to transact with those seed suppliers with whom they have had some favourable prior experience. Such suppliers provide both the best quality seed and, since most farmers must borrow the capital to purchase the seed, the most favourable terms of repayment. As there is much uncertainty in the exchange, the farmer's relationship with their preferred seed supplier is based on trust. However, since the farmer's satisfaction with the exchange cannot be ascertained until after purchase, trust is antecedent to satisfaction. As satisfaction is derived from the economic benefits the farmer obtains, satisfaction will lead to the farmer's desire to maintain the relationship. Satisfaction is enhanced both by the seed supplier's willingness to extend credit and to provide information. As there is much variation between alternative seed supplier's offer quality, satisfaction will result in the farmer becoming more dependent upon that seed supplier who makes the best offer. Furthermore, having provided the farmer with financial assistance, seed suppliers will find that they have constrained their opportunities to use coercive influence strategies, for in the absence of any formal contract, farmer's may readily default on the loan. The use of coercive influence strategies will reduce both the farmer's trust in their preferred seed supplier and the farmer's desire to maintain the relationship.While trust is more important in the transitional economies, critical problems emerge with the use of standardised item measures and scales developed in the industrial countries. Cultural specific adjustments are necessary to ensure social constructs such a trust are functionally equivalent. However, in the context of long-term relationships where satisfaction is also cumulative, introducing measures of both economic and social satisfaction have the potential to overlap with the generally accepted measures of trust.
30
Crook, Amanda. "Simulated Glyphosate Drift Effects on 'Red Norland' Commercial and Seed Potato Industries." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28241.
Full textAbstract:
Field, greenhouse, and laboratory experiments were conducted in 2014 and 2015 to evaluate effects of glyphosate drift on ?Red Norland? potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) grown for commercial and seed industries. Glyphosate drift was simulated by applying sub-lethal doses during the growth stages of tuber initiation (TI), early tuber bulking (EB), and late tuber bulking (LB). Sub-lethal glyphosate doses applied to mother plants had the greatest effect on daughter tubers during TI, resulting in high tuber sets and increased unmarketable tubers. Glyphosate applied to mother plants resulted in residue in the daughter tubers. When these tubers were used as seed, glyphosate doses at EB and LB resulted in decreased progeny emergence and vigor. The presence of glyphosate residue in tubers used for seed was confirmed through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Precautions should be taken to avoid glyphosate contamination of ?Red Norland? mother plants to prevent unmarketable tubers and poor quality seed.
31
Samarasinghe, P. W. S. Mallika. "The production of seed potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers from stem cuttings in Sri Lanka." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309402.
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Renia, Hans. "Agricultural and economic impact of true potato seed technology on the EU potato industry : an ex-ante assessment." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27259.
Full textAbstract:
Adequate supply of healthy planting material, at reasonable prices, is of critical importance to the functioning of the potato industry. True Potato Seed (TPS) technology offers an alternative way to produce potato planting material, based on the use of botanical potato seeds. This study investigates the hypothesis that the use of TPS technology, in a similar way as practised in the USA, will be beneficial to the European Union. It is assumed that the TPS varieties that have been bred in the USA are also capable of meeting the demands of the EU markets. The current status of the EU potato industry and the working of TPS technology are reviewed. As part of this study botanical potato seeds from nine TPS varieties that are commercially available in the USA, have been imported into and used to initiate the first ever field trials within the European Union. A large mathematical model has been purposely built to simulate the uptake of TPS technology by the EU potato industry, and to assess the agronomic and economic effects. The modelling results of various scenarios all indicate that the use of TPS technology would bring economic and agricultural benefits to the EU. The annual savings could be as high as 130 million ECU per year, whilst reducing the potato growing area with up to 72,000 ha. Implications of these finding, and current limitations for the uptake of TPS technology inside the EU are discussed.
33
Batt, Peter J. "Building close and long-lasting relationships with focal customers : an empirical study of seed potato purchasing by Filipino potato farmers /." Curtin University of Technology, Muresk Institute, 2003. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=14229.
Full textAbstract:
In the highlands of the Northern Philippines, a model of long-term relationships between potato farmers and their preferred seed suppliers is proposed. In the absence of any certified seed system that might provide some guarantee of seed quality, farmers prefer to transact with those seed suppliers with whom they have had some favourable prior experience. Such suppliers provide both the best quality seed and, since most farmers must borrow the capital to purchase the seed, the most favourable terms of repayment. As there is much uncertainty in the exchange, the farmer's relationship with their preferred seed supplier is based on trust. However, since the farmer's satisfaction with the exchange cannot be ascertained until after purchase, trust is antecedent to satisfaction. As satisfaction is derived from the economic benefits the farmer obtains, satisfaction will lead to the farmer's desire to maintain the relationship. Satisfaction is enhanced both by the seed supplier's willingness to extend credit and to provide information. As there is much variation between alternative seed supplier's offer quality, satisfaction will result in the farmer becoming more dependent upon that seed supplier who makes the best offer. Furthermore, having provided the farmer with financial assistance, seed suppliers will find that they have constrained their opportunities to use coercive influence strategies, for in the absence of any formal contract, farmer's may readily default on the loan. The use of coercive influence strategies will reduce both the farmer's trust in their preferred seed supplier and the farmer's desire to maintain the relationship.While trust is more important in the transitional economies, critical problems emerge with the use of standardised item measures and scales developed in the industrial countries. Cultural specific adjustments are necessary to ensure social constructs such a trust are functionally equivalent. However, in the context of long-term relationships where satisfaction is also cumulative, introducing measures of both economic and social satisfaction have the potential to overlap with the generally accepted measures of trust.
34
Junqueira, Ana Maria Resende. "Irrigation management and economies of seed potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production in central Brazil." Thesis, Bangor University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387129.
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Chilver, Alwyn Stewart. "Innovation paths in developing country agriculture : true potato seed in India, Egypt and Indonesia." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389359.
Full textAbstract:
The role of farmers in technology generation and diffusion has long been identified as a key dimension in publicly funded international agricultural research. This thesis uses a case study approach to document actual research and diffusion practices andlheir outcomes, and from these it draws conclusions for research policy. The thesis compares the effects of new technology, the research processes that generated it, and the diffusion processes that promoted and disseminated it, in three countries. Particular attention is given to farmer participation and related issues deemed critical to effective research and diffusion. The technology in question is True Potato Seed, a radical alternative means for potato propagation to tuber seed, researched and promoted by the International Potato Centre in collaboration with national research institutes since 1978. The case study countries are India, Egypt, and Indonesia. Extensive quantitative and qualitative farmer surveys provide the first detailed assessment of TPS benefits, their distribntion, and likely TPS adoption. Secondary data, documentation, and in-depth interviews with key actors permit an analysis of the significant activities, decisions, and players that shaped TPS research and diffusion processes. The farmer survey evidence indicates that TPS outcomes are problematic in each country. It also reveals cases of inadequately justified TPS research and promotion largely due to a poor awareness by scientists and research managers of farmers' conditions. This thesis demonstrates that a powerful countervailing force to the pursuit of unproductive research lies in the early and effective involvement of farmers in the research process. This allows for critical weaknesses to come to light after experimentation by farmers under their own conditions of production. The inevitable geographical and institutional decentralisation that this entails, fosters a greater level of research responsiveness and an environment in which alternatives to formal extension, including farmer dissemination networks, may be stimulated and encouraged where appropriate. However, regardless of the rhetoric regarding farmer participatory approaches at an organisational level, the extent to which these are borne out in practice depends largely upon the philosophies of the key individuals who shape and direct research and promotion processes.
36
Rueda-Sarmiento, Jose Luis. "Seed potato improvement under bacterial wilt (Pseudomonas solanacearum E.F. Smith) pressure : an integrated approach." Thesis, University of Reading, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278131.
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Browning, Luke Wayne. "StCKP and potato tuber dormancy." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/275074.
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Bhatti, Muhammad H. "Somatic embryogenesis in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) in relation to cryopreservation and synthetic seed production." Thesis, University of Bath, 1997. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362256.
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Nyende, Aggrey Bernard. "Production, regeneration and field growth of synthetic seeds of the potato /." Göttingen : Cuvillier, 2003. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=010561922&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Rocha, Artur Batista de Oliveira 1982. "Efeitos da radiação UV-C e da luz fluorescente no controle fitossanotário e na indução de resistência em batata-semente após a colheita." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256741.
Full textAbstract:
Orientadores Sylvio Luis Honório, Claudio Luiz MessiasTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola
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Resumo: O cultivo da batateira (Solanum tuberosum L.) apresenta problemas fitossanitários decorrentes do ataque de pragas e doenças, o que acarreta altos cultos de produção. As principais doenças pós-colheita em batata-semente são: podridão seca (agente causal: Fusarium solani), rhizoctoniose (agente causal: Rhizoctonia solani) e podridão mole (agente causal: Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum). Os principais glicoalcaloides presentes na batata são a ?-chaconina e ?-solanina, os quais possuem propriedades antimicrobianas e podem ser estimulados por diversos fatores, com destaque para a luz. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar a aplicação da radiação ultravioleta UV-C e da luz fluorescente no controle dos patógenos Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani e Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum nas cultivares Ágata, Atlantic e Monalisa de batata-semente após a colheita. A pesquisa foi realizada em duas etapas: (I) avaliou-se in vitro o efeito da radiação UV-C no desenvolvimento das colônias de F. solani e de R. solani e na germinação dos conídios de F. solani. In vivo avaliou-se o efeito da radiação UV-C e da luz fluorescente na severidade e na incidência de podridão seca e de rhizoctoniose na brotação, na perda de massa e no teor de sólidos solúveis em batata-semente 'Agata' e 'Atlantic'; (II): avaliou-se in vitro o efeito da radiação UV-C no desenvolvimento das colônias de P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. In vivo avaliou-se o efeito da radiação UV-C e da luz fluorescente na severidade e na incidência da podridão mole, na concentração de ?-chaconina e de ?-solanina, na brotação, na perda de massa e no teor de sólidos solúveis em batata-semente 'Agata' e 'Monalisa'. A exposição de F. solani e R. solani a uma densidade de energia de 105,6 kJ.m-2 de radiação UV-C diminui o desenvolvimento das colônias desses fungos para estudos in vitro. Para a germinação de conídios de F. solani foi exposta a uma densidade de energia de 52,8 kJ.m-2 de radiação UV-C. Além disso, a luz fluorescente foi mais eficaz do que a radiação UV-C para o controle da podridão seca e da rhizoctoniose, sem afetar a brotação. A exposição de P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum na densidade de energia de 34,5 kJ.m-2 de radiação UV-C inibiu o desenvolvimento das colônias para estudos in vitro. A luz fluorescente foi mais eficaz do que a radiação UV-C para controle da podridão mole em tubérculos de batata, assim como, estimulou a síntese de glicoalcaloides. O controle da podridão mole em tubérculos de batata está relacionado a maior concentração de ?-chaconina e ?-solanina, especialmente na periderme. Os teores de ?-chaconina (11,6 a 26,0 mg.kg-1P.F.) e ?-solanina (11,4 a 25,1 mg.kg-1P.F.) mostraram-se eficazes para o controle da podridão mole. Além disso, a brotação não foi afetada de forma adversa
Abstract: The cultivation of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in the tropics suffers the attack of pests and diseases, burdening the cost of production. The main postharvest diseases in potato seeds are the dry rot (pathogen: Fusarium solani), black scab (pathogen: Rhizoctonia solani) and wet rot (pathogen: Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. The efficiency of UV-C against a wide variety of microorganisms has been reported and there is interest in applying for seed disinfection. Potato plants contain glycoalkaloids being ?-chaconine and ?-solanine the main ones. The accumulation of these glycoalkaloids can be stimulated by several factors, especially light, having them important antimicrobial properties. The aim of this research was to evaluate the the postharvest application of ultraviolet (UV-C) radiation and the fluorescent light to control the pathogens: F. solani, R. solani, and P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum on 'Agata', 'Atlantic', and 'Monalisa' potato seeds. The research was conducted in two stages: (I) the evaluation in vitro of the effect of UV-C radiation on the growth of F. solani and R. solani colonies and F. solani conidias germination and the in vivo effect of UV-C radiation and fluorescent light on dry rot and black scab severity and incidence, mass loss and soluble solids content on 'Agata' and 'Atlantic' and (II) the evaluation in vitro of the effect of UV-C radiation on P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum colonies and was reported in vivo the effect of UV-C radiation and the fluorescent light on the severity and incidence of wet rot, ?-chaconine and ?-solanine, concentration, tuber sprouting, weight loss and soluble solids on 'Agata' and 'Monalisa'. Exposure of R. solani and F. solani at an energy density of 105,6 kJ.m-2 of UV-C radiation decreases the development of fungi colonies in vitro. Energy density of 52,8 kJ.m-2 inhibited the F. solani conidias germination. Moreover the fluorescent light was more effective than UV-C radiation to control dry root and black scab, without affecting the sprouting. The in vivo experiments showed that treated and untreated. UV-C tubers stored under fluorescent light were more effective to control soft rot than the UV-C treated tubers and stored under darkness. Control tubers under fluorescent light, UV-C treated under darkness, and UV-C treated under fluorescent light showed an increased concentration of ?-chaconine (11,6 to 26,0 mg.kg-1F.W.) and ?-solanine (11,4 a 25,1 mg.kg-1F.W.) for both cultivars
Doutorado
Tecnologia Pós-Colheita
Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola
41
Skoneczka, Jeffrey Allen. "Inheritance and expression of Cry3Aa and PVY-O coat protein transgenes in diploid and tetraploid potato." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/10068.
Full textAbstract:
The potential benefits of plant genetic engineering for disease and pest resistance have been widely acknowledged in many studies, and although genetically modified crops are still encountering public wariness, these benefits warrant continued exploration. Because of its intrinsic economic benefits, the development of true potato seed (TPS) cropping systems has been instituted in many regions of the world. The incorporation of transgenic resistance could further the economic gain of farmers who are seeking ways to sustain their livelihood in the most efficient way possible. It is, however, largely unresearched how sexual hybridization of a transgenic crop would affect the behavior of a transgene in the resultant progeny. In the initial part of this study, transgenic lines were developed with a Cry3Aa transgene. These plants were then used in 4x-4x reciprocal crosses and 4x-2x hybridization schemes to determine the stability of the transgene after sexual hybridization. There was no observed parent of origin effect on transgene expression; however, a highly significant, non-mendelian inheritance of the Cry3Aa transgene was seen in the maternally inherited transgene of one set of progeny from a reciprocal cross. Additional transgenic lines of potato were developed with a PVY-O coat protein transgene. These plants were challenged with PVY-O and monitored for symptoms visually and for virus serologically. One transgenic line exhibited complete resistance to PVY-O while two others showed a delay in symptom occurrence. Further examination of the expression levels of the PVY-O coat protein transgene will be necessary to determine the type and usefulness of the observed resistance.Master of Science
42
Souza, Carla de Bem dos Santos. "Produção de minitubérculos de batata-semente básica em vaso e hidroponia, em função de doses de nitrogênio." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2009. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4506.
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Previous issue date: 2009-05-29Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
New propagation techniques have been proposed for production of the basic potato-seed (Solanum tuberosum L.), such as the propagation by sprout, hydroponics and planting in pots containing substratum. Those new techniques represent an important progress in the potato productive process. In the available literature, there are few studies relating the effect of the nitrogen doses in solution and in substratum upon the yield of the basic potato-seed by the using the sprout as propagation material. This dissertation was carried out to determine the optimum nitrogen dose for the yield of minitubercules of the basic potato-seed in two production systems, by using the sprout of the Asterix cv. as propagation material. The planting in vase with the commercial substratum Plantmax® and fibrocement tile were those systems. Each system corresponded to one experiment. The treatments in pot were five nitrogen doses (0; 45; 90; 180 and 360 mg dm-3), whereas in the hydroponic system were four nitrogen doses (45; 90; 180 and 270 mg L-1). In the pot system, 10% from each nitrogen dose were applied daily at pre-planting and the remainder via irrigation water for 30 days. In the hydroponic system, the nitrogen doses were supplied since the transplanting of the seedlings, and the nitrogen sources were the ammonium nitrate (10%) and calcium nitrate. Both experiments were set up in greenhouse. In both experiments, the N doses positively affected both physiological and nitrogenous indexes in either fourth leaf and the old one (length, width, leaf area, leaflet number, both fresh and dry, content and concentration of Norg and N-NO-3 respectively in the dry matter, and the SPAD index). The nitrogen doses also positively affected both number and matter of the tubercles. In the pot system, the highest number (5.44 tubercules/plant) and the maximum matter of tubercules (243.5 g/plant) were obtained, when using the N doses 360 and 332.9 mg dm-3, respectively. Yet in pot, the critical index SPAD found for the fourth leaf was 38.8, as QF being more sensible to the effect of the N dose than the oldest leaf. In the hydroponic system, the productivity values by plant were 14.1 tubercules and 68.4g at the N doses 188.9 and 270 mg L-1, respectively. The SPAD index found for the fourth leaf was 38.4. In both systems, the number and matter of the tubercules by plant were not optimized by the same nitrogen dose.
Novas técnicas de propagação vêm sendo propostas para produção de tubérculo-semente básica de batata (Solanum tuberosum L.) dentre as quais a propagação por broto, hidroponia e plantio em vasos contendo substrato. Estas novas técnicas representam avanço importante no processo produtivo da batata. São raros os estudos relacionando doses de nitrogênio em solução e no substrato sobre a produção de batata-semente utilizando-se broto como material de propagação. O objetivo da dissertação foi determinar a dose ótima de nitrogênio para a produção de minitubérculos de batata-semente básica em dois sistemas de produção utilizando broto do cultivar Asterix como material de propagação. Os dois sistemas foram plantio em vaso com substrato comercial Plantmax® e telha de fibrocimento. Cada sistema foi um experimento. Os tratamentos em vaso foram 5 doses de nitrogênio (0; 45; 90; 180 e 360 mg dm-3) e no sistema hidropônico os tratamentos foram 4 doses de nitrogênio (45; 90; 180 e 270 mg L-1). No sistema em vaso, 10% de cada dose de nitrogênio foi aplicada em pré-plantio e o restante via água de irrigação, diariamente por 30 dias. As doses de nitrogênio no sistema hidropônico foram fornecidas desde o transplantio das mudas, e as fontes de nitrogênio foram o nitrato de amônio (10%) e nitrato de cálcio. Ambos os experimentos foram instalados em casa de vegetação. Em ambos os experimentos, as doses de N influenciaram positivamente os índices fisiológicos e nitrogenados na quarta folha e na folha velha (comprimento, largura, área foliar, número de folíolos, massa fresca e seca, teor e conteúdo de Norg e N-NO3 - na matéria seca e índice SPAD. Da mesma forma doses de N influenciaram positivamente número e massa de tubérculos colhidos. No sistema de vaso, o maior número (5,44 tubérculos/planta) e a máxima massa de tubérculos (243,5 g/planta) foram obtidos com as doses de N de 360 e 332,9 mg dm-3, respectivamente. Ainda em vaso, o índice crítico SPAD encontrado para quarta folha foi 38,8, sendo a QF mais sensível ao efeito da dose de N do que a folha mais velha. No sistema hidropônico, os valores de produtividade por planta foram de 14,1 tubérculos e de 68,4 g com as doses de N de 188,9 e 270 mg L-1, respectivamente. O índice SPAD encontrado para quarta folha foi 38,4. Nos dois sistemas, número e massa de tubérculos por planta não são otimizados pela mesma dose de nitrogênio.
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Freitas, Sergio Tonetto de. "Qualidade de processamento e envelhecimento fisiológico de tubérculos de batata produzidos durante a primavera e o outono na região central do Rio Grande do Sul." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5177.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoPotato tubers can be used as food or seed. Potatoes are mostly sold for tablestock and processing consumptions. Each destination has its own requirements to attend consumers exigencies. The aim of this work was to evaluate the processing quality and physiological aging of potato tubers produced during spring and autumn growing conditions in Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Tubers of 15 potato clones were evaluated for processing quality during spring 2003 and autumn 2004. The best performance of chips color, dry matter, and reduced sugar was obtained with potatoes of the clones SMIJ461-1, SMIJ319-1, SMIJ456-4Y, SMIC148-A, SMIDO40-4RY and SMIH095-1. Among these clones, SMIDO40-4RY and SMIH095-1 were less affected by temperature and sunlight conditions of the RS growing seasons. The clones SMIJ461-1 and SMIJ456-4Y cultivated during spring showed the highest dry matter and the lightest chip color. The physiological aging was studied in potato tubers of the Asterix, SNINIA793101-3 and SMIJ461-1 clones produced during spring and autumn 2004 and stored at 4, 8, 12 and 25°C for 180 days. The physiological aging of the three evaluated clones was affected by the growing conditions. Potato tubers cultivated in autumn and stored at 4 and 8°C remained dormant for 180 days. When tubers were produced during spring, only the clones SMINI793101-3 and SMIJ461-1 stored at 4°C remained dormant for 180 days. The growing conditions and genetic differences influence both processing quality and physiological aging of potato tubers. The storage at low temperature is efficient to delay physiological aging only during the dormant period of the potato tubers.
Os tubérculos de batata podem ser destinados para o consumo ou semente. Para o consumo, estes podem ser utilizados para mesa ou para processamento. Ambas as finalidades exigem tubérculos com qualidades distintas, as quais são essenciais para atender as necessidades do consumidor. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade de processamento e o envelhecimento fisiológico de tubérculos produzidos durante a primavera e o outono na região central do Rio Grande do Sul. A qualidade de processamento foi avaliada em 15 clones produzidos durante a primavera de 2003 e o outono de 2004. O envelhecimento fisiológico foi estudado em tubérculos dos clones Asterix, SNINIA793101-3 e SMIJ461-1 produzidos durante o outono e primavera de 2004 e armazenados a 4, 8, 12 e 25°C por um período de 180 dias. Para qualidade de processamento, os clones SMIJ461-1, SMIJ319-1, SMIJ456-4Y, SMIC148-A, SMIDO40-4RY e SMIH095-1 foram os que apresentaram o melhor desempenho em coloração dos chips e teores de massa seca e açúcares redutores. Dentre esses clones, SMIDO40-4RY e SMIH095-1 foram os menos influenciados pelas épocas de cultivo de outono e primavera na região central do RS. Os clones SMIJ461-1 e SMIJ456-4Y apresentaram maior teor de massa seca e coloração mais clara dos chips no cultivo da primavera. De acordo com a avaliação do envelhecimento fisiológico, os três clones sofreram influência das condições de cultivo. O cultivo de outono combinado com o armazenamento a 4 e 8°C manteve os tubérculos dos diferentes clones em estádio de dormência por 180 dias. Quando os tubérculos foram produzidos na primavera, somente os clones SMINI793101-3 e SMIJ461-1 submetidos a temperatura de 4°C mantiveram a dormência durante os 180 dias de armazenamento. As condições de cultivo e as diferenças genéticas alteram tanto a qualidade de processamento quanto o envelhecimento fisiológico dos tubérculos. O armazenamento dos tubérculos a baixa temperatura é eficaz para retardar o envelhecimento fisiológico somente durante o período de dormência.
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Bailey, William Anthony. "Herbicide-based Weed Management Systems for Potato (Solanum tuberosum) and Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Growth and Reproductive Characteristics of Smooth Pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus)." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28578.
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Integrated weed management involves the utilization of weed biology principles to develop effective and economical control strategies. This research involved investigations of herbicide-based weed management programs in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as well as investigations of the biological characteristics of smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus), a troublesome species in many crops. Sulfentrazone is an herbicide registered for use in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) that may also have potential for use in potato. In field experiments, potato tolerance to preemergence (PRE) applications of sulfentrazone at rates up to 0.21 kg/ha was similar to that from the registered herbicides metribuzin, metolachlor, or metribuzin plus metolachlor PRE. Potato generally did not tolerate sulfentrazone applications to foliage. Sulfentrazone effectively controlled common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) at rates as low as 0.11 kg/ha and also controlled several annual grasses at higher application rates, but was slightly less effective on jimsonweed (Datura stramonium L.) and ineffective on common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.).
Potato tuber yield and grade from sulfentrazone PRE applications was similar to yield of potato treated with registered herbicides. Laboratory research was also conducted to determine the mechanism of sulfentrazone selectivity between potato (a tolerant species), common lambsquarters (a sensitive species), and jimsonweed (an intermediate species). After 48 h root exposure to [14C] sulfentrazone, absorption by common lambsquarters was nearly two-fold that of jimsonweed and three-fold that of potato. Both weed species also exhibited nearly a two-fold increase in sulfentrazone translocation from roots to shoots compared to potato. Since the site of action of sulfentrazone, protoporphyrinogen oxidase, is located in shoot tissue, translocation to shoots is essential for sulfentrazone toxicity. Therefore, the proposed primary mechanisms of selectivity between these species are differential root absorption and differential translocation. Experiments were also conducted to investigate the potential of the experimental herbicide AE F130060 03 for Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) control in winter wheat. In laboratory research, foliar absorption of AE F130060 03 in Italian ryegrass was at least three times that in wheat. Additionally, herbicide metabolism was greater in wheat, particularly in wheat treated with the herbicide safener AE F107892. In field experiments, AE F130060 03 was as effective as diclofop-methyl for control of diclofop-sensitive Italian ryegrass and more effective than diclofop-methyl and all other herbicides tested for control of diclofop-resistant Italian ryegrass. Although wheat injury from AE F130060 03 was greater than from other herbicides, wheat recovered and yields were not affected. Postemergence AE F130060 03 applications controlled Italian ryegrass from emergence until the end of tillering, but applications made to four- to five-tiller Italian ryegrass resulted in the least amount of new Italian ryegrass emergence following application. To further define the utility of AE F130060 03 in winter wheat, ten wheat cultivars adapted to Virginia were evaluated for tolerance to AE F130060 03. Biomass production between cultivars was not influenced by AE F130060 03 application in the greenhouse, although slight yield decreases due to herbicide application were found in FFR 518, Coker 9663, AgriPro Patton, and VA98W593 under weed-free conditions in the field. Greenhouse, growth chamber, and field experiments were also conducted to investigate growth and seed production of one imidazolinone-susceptible (S) and five -resistant (R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5) smooth pigweed biotypes. Although the S biotype produced more total biomass than four of the five R biotypes, R4 displayed a more rapid growth rate at 3 to 5 wk after planting and a faster germination rate than S and all other R biotypes. Seed production in R4 was similar to S and greater than in all other R biotypes. Early rapid growth in R4 did not translate into increased biomass accumulation compared to S at the conclusion of the experiments.Ph. D.
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Virtanen, E. (Elina). "Effects of haulm killing and gibberellic acid on seed potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and techniques for micro- and minituber production in northern latitudes." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2014. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526204178.
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Abstract Seed potato is the starting point in the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production chain. In order to secure potato production in a variety of production conditions, plant diseases must be controlled and the yield characteristics of the used cultivars ensured. In addition, production must be cost-effective. Characteristics particular to northern production conditions include long periods of daylight and a short growing season as well as a several months long seed potato storage period. The focus of the present study is on northern production conditions and methods, including haulm killing and sprout control, which are presumed to affect seed potato quality, as well as the initial stages of the seed potato production chain, i.e. micro- and minituber production, which could influence cost-effectiveness and propagation. Haulm killing is one of the methods used in seed potato production to regulate tuber size. It is often carried out on unsenesced plants. The present results, however, indicate that cultivar properties have a greater effect on the sprouting and crop yield of seed potatoes than production-phase haulm killing or temperature sum accumulation. Nevertheless, haulm killing carried out three weeks after flowering (75 DAP) accelerated emergence. When the effect of haulm killing methods on seed potatoes was compared with natural haulm senescence, haulm killing was shown to increase disease pressure. Black scurf (Rhizoctonia Solani) was present in seed tubers whose haulm had been destroyed by mechanical or mechanical-chemical haulm killing. Naturally senesced haulm had less black scurf, and crop quantity and starch content developed to a level typical of the cultivar. Storage periods lasting several months make controlling seed potato sprouting more challenging. Therefore, use of the plant hormone gibberellic acid (GA) in sprout control was investigated. GA treatments at lower concentration (100 mM) increased the number of tubers in the cultivar Fambo. Thus, the timing of haulm killing and in the case of Fambo, GA treatment influenced the characteristics of seed potatoes. Conventionally, the first tuber generation is produced using microplants to produce minitubers in greenhouses. This production method is, however, labour-intensive, and energy and investment costs are high. With the aim of increasing production efficiency in northern production conditions, the production of minitubers in the laboratory using a novel bioreactor technology and in growth rooms using the hydroponic technique was investigated. The Liquid LabTM Rocker bioreactor system was used in vitro, all the cultivars examined (Asterix, Timo, Van Gogh and Velox) produced microtubers. The quantity of tubers produced per dish varied between 30 (for the cultivar Asterix in eight weeks) and 75 (for the cultivar Velox in 11 weeks). The results showed hydroponic production of minitubers to be successful in indoor conditions: the cultivars Desiree and Van Gogh developed their first tuber three weeks faster than Asterix, and the minituber yield was 4.5 per plant for Desiree, 7.5 for Van Gogh and 4.0 for Asterix. When the results indicate that both the Liquid LabTM Rocker production method and the hydroponic production method are suitable for mass production of seed potatoesTiivistelmä Siemenperuna on lähtökohta perunan (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuotantoketjussa. Jotta perunantuotanto turvataan eri tuotanto-olosuhteissa, on hallittava siemenperunan kasvitaudit, taattava sadontuotto-ominaisuudet ja tuotannon on oltava lisäksi kustannustehokasta. Pohjoisissa tuotanto-olosuhteissa erityispiirteinä ovat valoisuudeltaan pitkät päivät ja kestoltaan lyhyet kasvukaudet. Lisäksi siemenperunoiden varastointijakso kestää useita kuukausia. Tässä tutkimuksessa selvitettiin vaikuttavatko pohjoiset tuotanto-olosuhteet tai tuotannossa käytetyt varsistonhävitys tai itämisen hallinta siemenperunoiden laatuominaisuuksiin. Lisäksi selvitettiin siemenperunoiden ensimmäisen mukulasukupolven (mikro- ja minimukula) tuotantoa eri tekniikoilla. Siemenperunatuotannossa varsistonhävitystä käytetään mukulakoon säätelykeinona. Varsistonhävitys tehdään usein tuleentumattomaan kasvustoon. Saatujen tulosten perusteella lajikeominaisuudet vaikuttivat itämiseen ja sadontuotto-ominaisuuksiin enemmän kuin varsistonhävitys tai mukuloihin kerääntynyt lämpösumma. Varsistonhävitys kolme viikkoa kukinnasta (75 päivää istutuksen jälkeen) nopeutti kuitenkin siemenperunoiden taimettumista. Vertailtaessa varsistonhävitysmenetelmien vaikutusta siemenperunaan verranteena kasvuston luontainen tuleentuminen, varsistonhävitys lisäsi kasvitautipainetta. Mekaanis-kemiallisesti ja mekaanisesti varsistonhävityissä satomukuloissa tuli esiin seittirupea (Rhizoctonia solani). Luontaisesti tuleentuneen kasvuston sadoissa oli seittirupea vähemmän ja myös sadon määrä ja tärkkelyspitoisuus kehittyivät lajikkeelle luontaiselle tasolle. Useiden kuukausien varastointijakso vaikeuttaa siemenperunoiden itämisen hallintaa. Kun tutkittiin gibberelliinihapon (GA) käyttöä itämisen hallintaan, alhaisemman konsentraation (100mM) GA –käsittely lisäsi Fambo –lajikkeen mukulalukumäärää. Tulosten perusteella varsistonhävityksen ajoittamisella ja GA –käsittelyllä (Fambo –lajike) vaikutettiin siemenperunoiden ominaisuuksiin. Siemenperunan ensimmäisen mukulasukupolven eli minimukuloiden tuottaminen tapahtuu perinteisesti kasvihuonekasvatuksena mikrokasveista. Tuotantotapa on työvoima-, energia- ja invetointikustannuksia vaativaa. Tuotannon tehostamiseksi pohjoisissa tuotanto-olosuhteissa tutkittiin mikro- ja minimukuloiden tuotantoa eri teknologioilla. Mikromukuloita tuotettiin bioreaktorimenetelmällä laboratoriossa ja minimukuloita hydroponisella menetelmällä kasvatushuoneissa. Tulokset osoittavat, että kaikki tutkitut lajikkeet (Asterix, Timo, Van Gogh ja Velox) tuottivat bioreaktorissa mikromukuloita. Mikromukuloiden määrä vaihteli 30:sta (Asterix, 8 viikon kasvatus) 75:een (Velox, 11 viikon kasvatus). Myös minimukuloiden hydroponinen tuotanto sisätiloissa on mahdollista; kaikki lajikkeet muodostivat mukuloita, Desiree ja Van Gogh 3 viikkoa nopeammin kuin Asterix. Desiree tuotti minimukuloita 4.5 kpl/kasvi, Van Gogh 7.5 ja Asterix 4.0. Tulokset osoittavat, että molemmat menetelmät (bioreaktori ja hydroponinen) soveltuvat mikro- ja minimukuloiden massatuotantoon
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Barroso, Fernanda de Lima. "Influência do magnésio sobre o desenvolvimento, produtividade e índices nitrogenados da batata semente básica, cultivada em substrato orgânico e em hidroponia." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2013. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4610.
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Previous issue date: 2013-06-24Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of magnesium dose (Mg) on morphological characteristics of the plant and production of potato tubercles in three cropping systems. Furthermore, this study aimed to select potential indices for the indirect diagnosis of the Mg state of the plant and for the prognosis of yield of basic seed potato tubercles. Each cropping system composed an experiment. At first, the treatments consisted of five doses of MgSO4 (0,0; 1,8; 3,6; 5,4 and 7.2 g dm-3) applied in organic substrate, in which were added the other nutrients, except nitrogen. The second experiment was identical to the previous, except that nitrogen was added to the substrate. In the third experiment, five doses of Mg (0,0; 0,625; 1,25; 2,5 and 5,0 mmol L-1) were tested in circulating and closed hydroponic system, in sand. The experiments were installed in a greenhouse, at the Plant Science Department at Federal University of Viçosa, simultaneously, in the period from 04/03/2012 to 06/25/2012. In experiments 1 and 2, it was used a commercial minitubercle of basic category, Ágata cultivar, as a propagating material. The plants were grown in pots of 3 dm3 containing commercial organic substrate. In experiment 3, it was used the sprout of Ágata cultivar as a propagating material. The plants were grown in pots of 8 dm3 containing washed sand, being the nutrients provided through nutrient solution. At 21 days after emergence (DAE), in the three experiments, the following characteristics were evaluated: plant height (PH), number of stems (NS), number of leaves (NL), fresh stems mass (FSM), fresh leaves mass (FLM), fresh root mass (FRM), dry stem mass (DSM), dry leaves mass (DLM), dry root mass (RDM), fourth leaf thickness (LT), fourth leaf length (LL), fourth leaf width (LW), number of leaflets of the fourth leaf (NLL), leaf area of the fourth leaf (LA), mass of fourth fresh leaf (FLM), mass of fourth dry leaf (DLM), numerical index (NI), nitrogen balance index (NBI), chlorophyll index (CHI), flavonols index (FLI), SPAD index (SPAD), N content in the fourth leaf (NC), Mg content in the fourth leaf (MgC). At 35 DAE, in the experiment in hydroponics, the following characteristics were evaluated: plant height (PH), number of leaves (NL), number of stems (NS), SPAD index (SPAD), nitrogen balance index (NBI) chlorophyll index (CHI) and flavonols index(FLI). The data were submitted to analysis of variance, regression and correlation. At 21 DAE, it was not observed visual symptoms of deficiency or excess Mg in plants, in the three experiments. Except the Mg content in the dry matter of the fourth leaf (MgC), any other characteristic evaluated at 21 DAE showed response to Mg dose in the three experiments. The doses that provided the highest production of tubercles, in units per plant, in the experiments 1, 2 and 3 were, respectively, 0,0; 7,2; g dm-3 of MgSO4 and 0.96 mmol L-1 of Mg2+ . With these doses, the Mg contents in the fourth leaf of dry matter were 2,02; 2,44 and 1,10 dag kg-1, respectively. The indices for indirect diagnosis state of Mg of plant depend on the cropping system utilized. It was not possible to determine any index, common to all three experiments, able to predict the production of tubercles in units per plant.
O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de dose de magnésio (Mg) sobre características morfológicas da planta e produção de tubérculos de batata em três sistemas de cultivo. Adicionalmente, objetivou-se selecionar possíveis índices para o diagnóstico indireto do estado de Mg da planta e para o prognóstico da produtividade de tubérculos de batata semente básica. Cada sistema de cultivo constituiu um experimento. No primeiro, os tratamentos foram constituídos de cinco doses de MgSO4 (0,0; 1,8; 3,6; 5,4 e 7,2 g dm-3) aplicadas em substrato orgânico, no qual foram acrescentados os demais nutrientes, exceto o nitrogênio. O segundo experimento foi idêntico ao anterior, exceto que nitrogênio foi acrescentado ao substrato. No terceiro experimento, foram testadas cinco doses de Mg (0,0; 0,625; 1,25; 2,5 e 5,0 mmol L-1), em sistema hidropônico circulante e fechado, em areia. Os experimentos foram instalados em ambiente protegido, no Departamento de Fitotecnia na Universidade Federal de Viçosa, simultaneamente, no período de 03/04/2012 a 25/06/2012. Nos experimentos 1 e 2, utilizou-se minitubérculo comercial de categoria básica, cultivar Ágata, como material de propagação. As plantas foram cultivadas em vasos de 3 dm3 , contendo substrato orgânico comercial. No experimento 3, utilizou-se broto da cultivar Ágata como material propagativo. As plantas foram cultivadas em vasos de 8 dm3 contendo areia lavada, sendo os nutrientes fornecidos via solução nutritiva. Aos 21 dias após a emergência (DAE), foram avaliadas, nos três experimentos, as características: altura de planta (APL), número de hastes (NHA), número de folhas (NFO), massa de hastes frescas (MFH), massa de folhas frescas (MFF), massa de raiz fresca (MFR), massa de haste seca (MSH), massa de folhas secas (MSF), massa de raiz seca (MSR), espessura da quarta folha (EQF), comprimento da quarta folha (CQF), largura da quarta folha (LQF), número de folíolos da quarta folha (NFQF), área foliar da quarta folha (AF), massa da quarta folha fresca (MFQF), massa da quarta folha seca (MSQF), índice numérico (IN), índice de balanço de nitrogênio (IBN), índice de clorofila (ICH), índice de flavonóis (IFL), índice SPAD (SPAD), teor de N na quarta folha (TN), teor de Mg na quarta folha (TMg). Aos 35 DAE, foram avaliadas, no experimento em hidroponia, as características: altura de planta (APL), número de folhas (NFO), número de hastes (NHA), índice SPAD (SPAD), índice de balanço de nitrogênio (IBN), índice de clorofila (ICH), e índice de flavonóis (IFL). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, regressão e correlação. Não foram observados, aos 21 DAE, sintomas visuais de deficiência ou de excesso de Mg nas plantas, nos três experimentos. Exceto o teor de Mg na matéria seca da quarta folha (TMg), nenhuma outra característica avaliada aos 21 DAE apresentou resposta à dose de Mg, nos três experimentos. As doses que proporcionaram a maior produção de tubérculos, em unidade por planta, nos experimentos 1, 2 e 3 foram, respectivamente, 7,2; 0,0; g dm-3 de MgSO4 e 0,96 mmol L-1 de Mg2+. Com essas doses, os teores de Mg na matéria seca da quarta folha foram 2,02; 2,44 e 1,10 dag kg-1, respectivamente. Os índices de diagnostico indireto do estado de Mg da planta dependem do sistema de cultivo utilizado. Não foi possível determinar nenhum índice, comum aos três experimentos, capaz de prognosticar a produção de tubérculos em unidade por planta.
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Favoretto, Patrícia. "Parâmetros de crescimento e marcha de absorção de nutrientes na produção de minitubérculos de batata cv. Atlantic." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-09062005-163114/.
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Por ser a cultura anual de maior importância econômica no Brasil e apresentar custo elevado de produção, novas alternativas vêm sendo adotadas para diminuir os custos e obter batata-semente de boa qualidade. Com o objetivo de determinar os parâmetros de crescimento e a marcha de absorção de nutrientes a partir de plântulas do cv. Atlantic, para a produção de minitubérculos em sistema hidropônico, realizou-se esse trabalho no período de setembro a novembro de 2004 em Vargem Grande do Sul SP, localizada na altitude 21°4728S e na longitude 046°5304W com 938 m de altitude. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com sete tratamentos e quatro repetições. As plantas foram avaliadas e coletadas em intervalos semanais do início do desenvolvimento até a fase da colheita aos 53 dias após transplantio (DAT). As plantas coletadas foram separadas em sistema radicular, parte aérea e minitubérculos, secadas em estufa e pesadas em balança analítica para obtenção de peso do material seco. Após secagem foram moídas em moinho e submetidas à análise para obtenção da extração de nutrientes para os tratamentos. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o acúmulo dos nutrientes é influenciado pelas fases da cultura e peso do material seco total das plantas. A seqüência do acúmulo máximo dos macronutrientes para os tratamentos foi: K > N > Ca > P > Mg > S e para os micronutrientes foi: Fe > Mn > B > Zn > Cu. A seqüência de exportação dos macronuteintes foi: K > N > P > S > Mg > Ca e para os micronutrientes foi: Fe > Zn > Cu > B > Mn. O sistema hidropônico permitiu disponibilizar os nutrientes mais prontamente assimiláveis pelas plantas e conseqüentemente maiores taxas de multiplicação.As potato is the most important economic annual staple crop in Brazil and its production involves high costs, new alternatives are being adopted to decrease costs and obtain high quality potato seed. This study aimed at determining the growth parameters and the uptake rate by seedling from cv. Atlantic to be used for minituber production in a hydroponic system. It was carried out from setember to november 2004 in Vargem Grande do Sul SP, located in latitude 21°4728S and longitude 046°5304W at altitude 938 m. The experimental design was randomized blocks with seven treatments and four replications. The plants were collected and evaluated at weekly intervals from the initial development phase throughout harvesting phase, 53 days after transplanting (DAT). The plants were separated into root system, aerial part and minituber, dried in oven and weighed on an analytical scale in order to obtain the dry mass weight. After drying, the plants were grounded in a mill and submitted to analysis in order to obtain the nutrient extraction for each treatment. The results showed that the nutrient accumulation is influenced by the phase of the crop and the total dry mass weight of plants. The sequence of maximum macronutrient accumulation for the treatments was: K > N > Ca > P > Mg > S, and for the micronutrient it was: Fe > Mn > B > Zn > Cu. The sequence of macronutrient exportation was: K > N > P > S > Mg > Ca, and for the micronutrients it was: Fe > Zn > Cu > B > Mn. The hydroponic system allowed to make the nutrients more readly available to the plants, and, as a consequence, higher rates of multiplcation were observed.
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Tufik, Camila Borges Antonio. "Efeito de doses de potássio sobre índices de avaliação do estado de nitrogênio e produtividade de batata-semente básica em substrato orgânico e hidroponia." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2013. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4607.
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The purpose of this study was to characterize the effect of potassium doses (K) on diagnosis indices of the nitrogen state (N) of potato plants in two production systems: pots containing organic substrate and hydroponic system of three phases. Furthermore, this study aimed to determine the critical content of K in the dry matter of the reference leaf (fourth leaf) and quantify the optimal dose of K for the production of minitubercles of the basic seed in both production systems. The systems consisted of planting minitubercles from Ágata cultivar, basic category G0 and type VI in pots containing 3 dm3 of organic substrate BioPlant® Silver serie and minitubercle planting in pots with a capacity of 8.5 L containing washed sand over a layer of 5-7 cm of expanded clay, in hydroponic system. Each system was an experiment. The treatments in pot containing organic substrate consisted of 5 doses of KCl (0; 660; 1320; 1980 and 2640 mg dm-3) and in the hydroponic system the treatments were 5 doses of K (0; 2.5; 5.0; 7.5 and 10.0 mmol L-1). In the system where the organic substrate was used, 20% of N and K doses were applied in the pre-planting and the remaining 80% were divided in 15 equal parts and applied daily, by way of irrigation water from the emergency of plants. In the hydroponic system, the nutrient solution containing the treatments and other nutrients were provided daily since the emergence of plants and the sources utilized were KCl and KNO3. Both experiments were installed in a greenhouse. In the experiment in organic substrate, the determinations made in the fourth leaf at 21 days after the emergence (DAE), the dose of K influenced the nitrogen balance index (NBI), number of leaflets (NL), leaf area (LA), masses of fresh matter (FW) and dry matter (DM). In the experiment in hydroponic system, the indices in the fourth leaf influenced by dose of K were: SPAD, chlorophyll (CHL), NBI, NL, length (L), width (W), fresh mass (FW) and dry matter (DM) and N-NO3 content in petiole sap. In both experiments, at the determination performed in the fourth leaf at 21 DAE, the dose of K did not influence the N content in the dry matter. On this date, the optimal K content in the dry matter of the fourth leaf was 6.62 and 6.17 dag kg-1 for systems in pots with organic and hydroponic substrate, respectively. In both experiments, there was a dose effect of K on the number and mass of the matter of fresh tubercles. In the experiment in pot containing organic substrate, the maximum value of tubercles number was 15.95 and the mass of fresh tubercles per plant was 301.9 g, obtained with the dose 0 mg dm-3 KCl. In the hydroponic systems, the maximum yield per plant was 48.41 tubercles obtained with 6.15 mmol L-1 of K and maximum mass of fresh matter was 646.6 g/plant, obtained with 6.13 mmol L-1 of K.
O objetivo do trabalho foi caracterizar o efeito de doses de potássio (K) sobre índices de diagnóstico do estado de nitrogênio (N) de plantas de batata em dois sistemas de produção: vasos contendo substrato orgânico e sistema hidropônico de três fases. Adicionalmente, objetivou-se determinar o teor crítico de K na matéria seca da folha de referência (quarta folha) e quantificar a dose ótima de K para a produção de minitubérculos de batata semente-básica nos dois sistemas de produção. Os sistemas constituíram do plantio de minitubérculos da cultivar Ágata, categoria básica G0 e tipo VI, em vasos contendo 3 dm3 do substrato orgânico BioPlant®, série Prata e do plantio de minitubérculos em vasos com capacidade para 8,5L contendo areia lavada sobre uma camada de 5 - 7 cm de argila expandida, em sistema hidropônico. Cada sistema foi um experimento. Os tratamentos em vaso contendo substrato orgânico foram constituídos por 5 doses de KCl (0; 660; 1320; 1980 e 2640 mg dm-3) e no sistema hidropônico os tratamentos foram 5 doses de K (0; 2,5; 5,0; 7,5 e 10,0 mmol L-1). No sistema onde foi utilizado o substrato orgânico, 20% das doses de N e K foram aplicadas em pré-plantio e os 80% restante foram divididas em 15 partes iguais e aplicadas diariamente, via água de irrigação a partir da emergência das plantas. No sistema hidropônico, a solução nutritiva contendo os tratamentos e os demais nutrientes foi fornecida diariamente desde a emergência das plantas e as fontes utilizadas foram KCl e KNO3. Os dois experimentos foram instalados em casa de vegetação. No experimento em substrato orgânico, nas determinações efetuadas na quarta folha, aos 21 dias após a emergência (DAE), a dose de K influenciou o índice de balanço de nitrogênio (NBI), número de folíolos (NFo), área foliar (AF), massas das matérias fresca (MF) e seca (MS). No experimento em sistema hidropônico, os índices na quarta folha influenciados por dose de K foram: SPAD, clorofila (CHL), NBI, NFo, comprimento (C), largura (L), massa da matéria fresca (MF) e seca (MS) e o teor de N-NO3 na seiva do pecíolo. Em ambos os experimentos, na determinação efetuada na quarta folha, aos 21 DAE, a dose de K não influenciou o teor de N na matéria seca. Nesta data, o teor ótimo de K na matéria seca da quarta folha foi 6,62 e 6,17 dag kg-1 para os sistemas em vasos com substrato orgânico e hidropônico, respectivamente. Em ambos os experimentos, houve efeito de dose de K sobre o número e massa da matéria de tubérculos frescos. No experimento em vaso contendo substrato orgânico, o valor máximo do número de tubérculos foi 15,95 e da massa de tubérculos frescos por planta foi 301,9 g, obtidos com a dose 0 mg dm-3 de KCl. No sistema hidropônico, a máxima produtividade por planta foi 48,41 tubérculos obtida com 6,15 mmol L-1 de K e a máxima massa da matéria fresca de tubérculos foi 646,6 g/planta, obtida com 6,13 mmol L-1 de K.
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Ridwan, Saleh I. "Investigating planting environment and seed physiological age interaction on potato crop growth." Thesis, 2009. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/21388/1/whole_RidwanSalehIfayanti2009_thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Seed tuber physiological age is known to influence a range of important growth
processes in potato including early vigour of the plant, stem number per plant, hence
tuber size distribution, time to emergence and the rate and duration of canopy cover rate
of the plant. There is also an indication in published evidence to suggest that the
expression of the seed tuber physiological age effects is modified by planting
environment and varies with genotype. Furthermore, current process-based potato
models do not capture the effect of the seed tuber physiological age and the interaction
with planting environment. This reflects the lack of understanding and quantification of
the effect of physiological age on potato growth. This thesis reports on physiology
studies to investigate the effect of seed tuber physiological age and planting environment
on stem number and component processes of pre-emergent growth and canopy
development for important commercial cultivars of potato. The resultant findings are
incorporated into a process-based potato model.
Investigation of a production dataset collected from commercial potato paddocks in
northern Tasmania showed that tuber size distribution was correlated with stem number
per plant. The investigation also showed that planting environment (i.e. location, sowing
date and soil type) varied with stem number. A follow-up controlled-environment trial
provided further confirmation of the interaction between seed tuber physiological age
and planting environment and that the response varies with genotype.
Currently, the lack of any reliable measure of physiological seed age makes it difficult to
develop response functions that can be incorporated into process-based models. With
this in mind, a study was conducted to explore the possibility of using mitotic index as
an indicator for tuber sprouting pattern as affected by seed tuber physiological age.
Physiologically older tubers were found to have a higher mitotic index than younger
tubers. However, mitotic index of the eye bud cannot be used to explain the sprouting
pattern of the seed tuber having different physiological ages. Sprouting pattern was
controlled by a correlative inhibition and availability of soil water.
Pre-emergent growth of sprouts after planting was characterised by an initial period of
slow growth (lag phase) followed by rapid linear growth. The duration of the lag phase
was strongly influenced by temperature. Linear growth of the longest sprout was
significantly affected by the interaction between temperature and water potential and
varied significantly between cultivars.
Physiological age of the seed tubers was found to have a significant influence on the
canopy development of potato. Plants grown from physiologically older tubers were
characterized by more branching on the main stem nodes and smaller individual leaf size.
Leaf appearance rate was affected significantly by seed physiological age with the
response varying with cultivar. In Russet Burbank, leaves generated from
physiologically older seed appeared at a faster rate (39.5 °Cd per leaf or 0.025 leaves per
day degree) than leaves from physiologically younger seed tubers (51.2 °Cd per leaf or
0.02 leaves per day degree). No significant difference was found between treatments for
Atlantic although the first leaf in plants from older seed reached full size earlier ( 46.9
°Cd) than plants from younger seed tuber (75.9 °Cd). Seed tuber physiological age did
not significantly affect the leaf senescence rate. However, senescence commenced
earlier in plants derived from older seed tubers.
The results from the physiology studies were incorporated into a new process-based
growth and development model for potato for use within the APSIM modeling
framework. A conceptual model was developed for the relationship between seed
physiological age, soil moisture and temperature conditions at sowing and stem number.
The complete potato model (APSIM Potato) was calibrated for leaf and stem biomass,
tuber yield and phenology against a dataset collected from commercial paddocks in
northern Tasmania and then validated against a larger independent dataset (48 paddocks)
covering a wide range of growing environments. The model was found to adequately
predict tuber yield (R2 = 80% for 48 observed vs predicted plot).
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Concilio, Luigi. "Evaluation of yield and other agronomic characteristics of TPS families and advanced clones from different breeding schemes." 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/12273234.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1985.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 43-48).