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1
Gunadi, N., M. J. Potts, R. Sinung-Basuki, and Greta A. Watson. "On-farm Development of Potato Production from True Seed in Indonesia." Experimental Agriculture 28, no. 1 (January 1992): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700022985.
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SummaryThree seasons of on-farm experimentation to develop potato production from botanical or true potato seed (TPS) under cool fertile conditions in West Java, Indonesia, are described. Twenty-three farmers experimented with two production systems: use of transplants, and use of seedling tubers produced in nursery beds. There was little yield difference between the systems, but an apparent progeny × system × season interaction was observed. All progenies were more resistant to late blight than the present cultivars grown from tubers. Appropriate matching of progeny and system gave seed of comparable quality with, but total yields slightly less than, certified imported seed of cv. Granola. Ware quality was slightly better than that of cv. Granola. Production costs were markedly less than for a tuber crop, making TPS ideal for small, resource-poor farmers.
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Hendra, Amelia, and Eliana Wulandari. "SUMBER PEMBIAYAAN DAN PRODUKSI BENIH KENTANG DI KECAMATAN KERTASARI KABUPATEN BANDUNG." Mimbar Agribisnis: Jurnal Pemikiran Masyarakat Ilmiah Berwawasan Agribisnis 6, no. 1 (January 21, 2020): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.25157/ma.v6i1.2844.
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Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the sought-after horticultural commodities and has a high economic value. Potato production in Indonesia is still relatively low compared to potato production in other countries. One obstacle in producing potato is the use of sufficiently high capital in potato seed production activities. Kertasari Subdistrict is one of the areas of potato seed production in West Java, especially in Bandung District. Capital constraints have caused farmers have to look for sources of financing that can meet their needs in order to continuously produce potato seeds. Some farmers rely on formal and non-formal financing sources while some others are able to meet capital needs with personal costs. The purpose of this research is to identify funding sources and potato seeds produced by farmers in Kertasari Subdistrict, Bandung District. This research uses a quantitative research design using a descriptive approach. Data analysis tools used are descriptive analysis using cross tabulation analysis. The results showed that farmers who produced potato seeds in Kertasari Subdistrict, Bandung District with funding sources from commercial banks, relatives or neighbors, and private funds had higher production yields compared to farmers without funding from these sources. Whereas farmers without funding from farmer groups, buyers, and agricultural kiosks, had higher production yields compared to farmers who had funding from these sources.
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Sumarni, Eni, Noor Farid, Arifin Noor Sugiarto, and Arief Sudarmadji. "G0 Seed Potential of The Aeroponics Potatoes Seed In The Lowlands With A Root Zone Cooling Into G1 In The Highlands." Rona Teknik Pertanian 9, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/rtp.v9i1.4380.
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Abstract. In tropical country likes in Indonesia, potato seeds that originated from temperate zone can only be produced in low temperature of highland. Besides this way has many limitation of productivity, it often causes soil erosion. To minimize environment destroying risk tuber seed production in lowland is a challenge. This research was done to trace that modified root zone cooling method of aerophonic system can be applied to produce high quality of tuber seeds in lowland. The First Generations (G0) of var. Atlantic and var. Granola were used as plant materials, and randomized block design (RBD) with four replications was applied in this research. Data regarding with vegetative as well as tuber production parameters were analyzed using Coefficient of variance (ANOVA) and continued with the least significant difference test (LSD; p = 5%). The results showed that aerophonic generated seeds (G0) had vigorous growth and could produce the normal G1. In term of tuber yield component and number of leaves var. Atlantic showed higher than var. Granola did. The comparison of seed weight between G0 and G1 was about 10 grams and 54 g on average, respectively. Since the size and weight of such G1 could be categorized as Large (L) in term of commercial seed market, It’s implied that the lowland modified aerophonic system could be nominated as a prospective method for producing G0 tuber seed in the future. Potensi Bibit G0 Dari Bibit Kentang Aeroponik Di Dataran Rendah Dengan Akar Zona Pendingin Menjadi G1 Di Dataran Tinggi Abstrak. Di negara tropis seperti di Indonesia, bibit kentang yang berasal dari zona sedang hanya dapat diproduksi pada suhu rendah di dataran tinggi. Selain itu cara ini memiliki banyak keterbatasan produktivitas dan sering menyebabkan erosi tanah. Meminimalkan resiko dampak kerusakan lingkungan akibat produksi benih umbi di dataran rendah adalah sebuah tantangan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji bahwa metode zona akar pendingin sistem aeroponik dapat diterapkan untuk menghasilkan benih umbi kentang kualitas tinggi di dataran rendah. Generasi Pertama (G0) dari var. Atlantik dan var. Granola digunakan sebagai bahan penelitian, dan rancangan acak kelompok dengan empat ulangan digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Data mengenai vegetatif serta parameter produksi umbi dianalisis menggunakan Koefisien varians (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji BNT (LSD; p = 5%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aeroponik biji yang dihasilkan (G0) memiliki pertumbuhan yang kuat dan bisa menghasilkan G1 yang normal. Dari segi produktivitas dan jumlah daun, var. Atlantic menghasilkan produktivitas yang lebih tinggi serta jumlah daun yang lebih banyak dibandingkan var. Granola. Perbandingan berat biji antara G0 dan G1 adalah rata-rata sekitar 10 gram dan 54 g untuk masing-masing generasi. Ukuran dan berat dari G1 tersebut dapat dikategorikan sebagai ukuran besar dan berpotensi komersial untuk dipasarkan. Dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa sistem aeroponik dataran rendah termodifikasi bisa diterapkan sebagai metode prospektif untuk memproduksi benih umbi kentang G0 di masa depan.
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Bandara, Manjula S., Karen K. Tanino, and Doug R. Waterer. "Plant Growth Regulators and Yields of Seed Potatoes." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 853F—853. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.853f.
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Seed potato growers seek to maximize yields of desirable sized tubers. This study examined how foliar applications of plant growth regulators influence yields of drop or single-cut seed tubers under field conditions. In 1993, paclobutrazol (PTZ; 300, 450, and 600 mg·liter–1), kinetin (KIN; 10 and 20 mg·liter–1), and methyl jasmonate (MJ; 10–7, 10–6, 10–5, and 10–4 M) were applied to `Norland' (NOR) and `Russet Burbank' (RB) potatoes. In 1994, PTZ (300 mg·liter–1), KIN (both rates), and MJ (10–7 and 10–6 M) treatments were eliminated, and GA3 at 250 mg·liter–1 or KIN at 20 mg·liter–1 was applied to some of PTZ treatments. In 1994, the cultivar Shepody (SH) also was included. Plants were treated at two growth stages; NOR (1993), RB (1993 and 1994), and SH (1994) were treated when tubers were <10 mm or <20 mm in diameter. NOR (1994) was treated at stolon initiation (no tubers) or early tuber initiation (<8 mm in diameter). PTZ had no effect on seed tuber (25–50 mm in diameter) yield in NOR in either season. PTZ increased seed tuber number (STN) in RB by 29% to 40% and in SH by 57% to 70% over the controls. KIN had no effect on STN in any cultivar. MJ had no effect on STN in NOR (1993) or in RB in either season or in SH in 1994. In 1994, the highest rate of MJ (10–4 M) increased STN in NOR by 40% over the controls. GA3 had no beneficial effect on STN when applied after PTZ. This study suggests that, under field conditions, PTZ can increase seed tuber production in RB and SH while MJ was effective in NOR potatoes.
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Замалиева, Фания, Faniya Zamalieva, Гульгуна Сафиуллина, Gul'guna Safiullina, Татьяна Жарёхина, Tat'yana Zharehina, Людмила Рыжих, and Lyudmila Ryzhikh. "ALGORITHM OF RECEIVING HIGH YIELD OF POTATOES." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 13, no. 1 (August 1, 2018): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5afafeab0714b6.22484609.
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The potato yield, planned on the basis of calculated methods of fertilizer application, in practice can fluctuate over a wide range. Many factors influence the increase in the removal of nutrients and potato yields. One of the most important factors for potatoes, as a vegetatively propagated culture, is the quality of the seed material. The purpose of the research was to substantiate the algorithm for obtaining high potato yields on the basis of determining the influence on the productivity of quality factors of seed material, the background of fertilizers, irrigation, the use of chemical etchant and biologically active preparations. Experiments of Kortni and Nevskiy varieties were conducted in Laishevsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. It was revealed that in gray forest soils under experimental conditions, the optimal background of fertilizers with the main application on the bog was N120P140K140, on irrigation - N100P120K120. Higher doses of fertilizers on irrigation and on the bog caused lower yields. The use of the Maksim chemical preservative on the bog in the arid conditions of the year increased productivity by 6.0 ... 12.0%, on irrigation - reduced by 18.0 ... 24.6%. Biologically active preparations increased productivity in moist soil by 14.0 ... 17.0%. The consistent increase in the yield of a healthy seed of Kortni variety occurred under the influence of factors: the quality of seed material - from 10 to 15.5 tons per hectare - by 55%, the background of fertilizers N100P120K120- from 15.5 to 26.3 tons per hectare - by 70% irrigation - from 26.3 to 54.0 tons per hectare - by 105.3%, treatment with zircon - from 54.0 to 61.5 tons per hectare - by 14%. Against the backdrop nutrition of N100P120K120, calculated to yield of 20 tons per hectare, with additional factors, a yield of 61.5 tons per hectare (+ 208%) was obtained. In the degenerate seed material of Nevskiy variety, the increase in productivity with the progressive use of factors occurred to a much lesser extent: from the quality of the seed material - from 10.0 to 12.0 tons per hectare - by 20%, the fertilizer background N100P120K120 - from 12 to 17.5 tons per hectare - by 46%, irrigation - from 17.5 to 23 tons per hectare by 31.4%. Against the nutrition backdrop of N100P120K120, calculated to yield of 20 tons per hectare, Nevskiy yielded 23 tons per hectare (+ 15%). The importance of seed quality is a key in obtaining high yields of potatoes. In healthy seed potatoes, with additional factors - irrigation, fertilizers, BAP - much higher yields are created, compared to the addition of the degenerate seed material under the same conditions. On the basis of the obtained results, the following algorithm for applying the factors for obtaining high potato productivity is recommended: healthy seeds + irrigation + fertilizers + biologics.
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Waterer, Doug. "Influence of irrigation, nitrogen and seed piece spacing on yields and tuber size distribution of seed potatoes." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 77, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p96-087.
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This study examined the influence of irrigation, soil nitrogen (N) levels and seed piece spacing on the yields and tuber size distribution of Norland, Russet Burbank and Shepody potatoes over three seasons at two sites in central Saskatchewan. The crops were grown under standard irrigated conditions or on dryland with in-row spacings of 15, 23 or 30 cm and total N levels of 200 or 300 kg ha−1 as either preplant or split applications. Irrigation greatly enhanced yields of all tuber size categories in the drier years but had less effect if seasonal precipitation reached or exceeded normal levels. Smaller size tubers formed a greater proportion of the total yield in crops exposed to drought stress. Norland was less affected by drought than the later-maturing cultivars. Yield responses to N were limited to situations where soil moisture was abundant or crop demand for nutrients was increased by close in-row spacings. Close in-row spacing increased total yields in some cases, while in others it resulted in a reduction in tuber size with little effect on overall yields. Yields for the cultivar Norland were less affected by seed piece spacing than yields for Russet Burbank or Shepody. Key words: Solanum tuberosum, drop seed, spacing, fertility
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O'Brien, P. J., and E. J. Allen. "Effects of site of seed production on seed yields and regrowth of progeny tubers in potatoes." Journal of Agricultural Science 107, no. 1 (August 1986): 83–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600066831.
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SUMMARYNine experiments are reported in which effects of site of seed production on dormancy, sprout and field growth of progeny tubers were recorded. The experiments used early varieties, Home Guard (four experiments), Red Craigs Royal (three experiments) and Arran Comet (two experiments) and in each, seed crops were grown with similar husbandry at sites differing in altitude and location in western England and Wales. There was no consistent effect of site of seed production on the timing of the end of dormancy, and the maximum effect in any year was 11 ± 1·2 (S.E.) days. The small effects of site on dormancy influenced initial sprout lengths, and this effect usually persisted up to planting in Home Guard and Red Craigs Royal, although the effects were small in magnitude. There was no effect of site of seed production on sprout lengths at planting or on field growth and yields in Arran Comet. In the other two varieties there was no effect of site of seed production on yield at early harvests, but at later harvests seed from cooler upland sites sometimes significantly outyielded lowland seed. There was, therefore, no evidence to support the view that locally produced seed was advantageous for early potato production. The results, together with those of the concurrent series with maincrop varieties reported by Wurr (1979), show that on half the occasions on which yields were measured covering the whole of the harvesting period, site of seed production had no effect on yields. In these experiments with early varieties effects of site occurred only at harvests later than the commercial harvesting of such old seed. It is therefore suggested that site of seed production is a much less important determinant of tuber yield than hitherto suggested, and of little practical significance.
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McKeown, Alan W. "Evaluation of chitting to enhance earliness of potatoes grown in southern Ontario." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 74, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps94-034.
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Potato cultivars Atlantic, Conestoga, Jemseg, Superior and Yukon Gold, grown for early markets and mid-season use in Ontario were evaluated for response to chitting in 1987 to 1989. Seed tubers were chitted at 8 °C commencing in January, for an average of 408, 284 or 172 degree-days (base 4 °C). Controls were stored at 4 °C. Plants emerged quicker from chitted seed and produced higher early yields than the controls. Approximately 260 degree-days of chitting was optimal for early yield of Jemseg and Superior. For maximum emergence, 318 degree-days was required for Jemseg. Commencing chitting before March did not increase yields for the other cultivars. Low degree-day requirements are likely the result of cold storage of seed prior to chitting, resulting in more rapid accumulation of degree-days and/or lower base temperatures for growth. Key words:Solarium tuberosum, cultivars, emergence, yield, physiological age
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Ginandjar, Salamet, Agung Rahmadi, Muhammad Tsani Abdulhakim, and M. Subandi. "Economic Analysis of Potato Seed in West Java, Indonesia." Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development 10, no. 4 (November 5, 2020): 756–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.ajard.2020.104.756.763.
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The purpose of this study was to study the supply of potato seed in West Java, Indonesia. The research respondent is farmers who use seed, with a sample of 377 farmers and a survey of all seed breeders totaling 43 farmers, using proportionate stratified random sampling. This research report is also complemented by a review analysis of potato seedling development in the last five years. There is considerable interest in the potential that can be developed, productive aged farmers, and adoption of new technologies. Factors exerting a strong influence include capital, technology, adequacy of seed, the proportion of certified seed, and farm credit. Factors identified as influencing the level of demand include the proportion of certified seed, seed prices, capital, and credit allocation for potato farming; at the level of supply factors that can exert influence are the availability of seed, the selling price of seed, and the capital of breeding farmers. Policy simulation on the use of certified seed potatoes shows that increase in the number of specific farm credits, the price of seed and fixed farm capital results in increased use of certified seed and reduced self-selection of seed.
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Nowacki, Wojciech. "THE COMPETITIVENESS OF POLISH AND FOREIGN VARIETIES IN POTATOES PRODUCTION IN POLAND." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XIX, no. 4 (October 10, 2017): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.5178.
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The aim of this article is to assess the competitiveness of domestic and foreign potato cultivars grown in the country and to analyze the use of certified seed potatoes by the producers. The agronomic and utility value indicators were adopted as the measure of competitiveness of varieties. It has been shown that table cultivars of polish breeding in relation to foreign cultivars have generally higher agrotechnical value and higher yields but at the same time in many characteristics they have lower utility value (for example the look of tubers). The rate of use of certified seed potatoes depends on the degree of marketability of particular potato production sectors. It ranges from just 6.4% in multidirectional production to 25% in table and starch potato production, up to 40% in the production of early table potatoes and for food processing.
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O'Brien, P. J., and E. J. Allen. "Effects of nitrogen fertilizer applied to seed crops on seed yields and regrowth of progeny tubers in potatoes." Journal of Agricultural Science 107, no. 1 (August 1986): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600066843.
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SUMMARYThree experiments, carried out in 3 years (1972–5), which examined the effects of a wide range of rates of nitrogen fertilizer applied to seed crops of Home Guard on seed and progeny crop growth are reported. There was little effect of increasing rate of N application over the range 0–300 kg/ha on seed yield, and the results suggested that very low rates of nitrogen fertilizer (< 75 kg/ha) were required for maximum seed yield in mid-Wales. Increasing the rate of nitrogen fertilizer above 304 kg/ha delayed growth and decreased yield in seed crops. Although increasing the rate of nitrogen fertilizer in seed crops delayed senescence and increased the nitrogen concentration of tubers, there were few consistent effects on sprouting or growth of progeny crops.Close negatively quadratic relationships were found between the dry-matter content of tubers and their size. The dry-matter content of all sizes of tubers increased during growth, but there were no effects of nitrogen on dry-matter content.
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Vasiliev, A. A., and A. K. Gorbunov. "The effect of time and depth of planting on obtaining the planned potato yields." Rossiiskaia selskokhoziaistvennaia nauka, no. 4 (August 19, 2019): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2500-26272019412-17.
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In 2014-2017 In the northern forest-steppe zone of the Chelyabinsk region The influence of planting dates and the depth of seed placement of potatoes on the size and quality of tubers was studied. During the study period, physical soil maturity in the first decade of May was observed twice in 2014 and 2017. The early planting of potatoes (May 5) was accompanied by an increase in the harmfulness of rhizoctoniosis (in the Rosara variety - by 22.8%, Kuzovok - by 63.7%) and the Colorado potato beetle (by 26 and 43%, respectively) compared with the May 12-15 planting. . The seedlings of the early variety of Rosara potato on May 30 in 2014 were damaged by frost (–1.0 ° C). From meteorological and phytosanitary positions, the optimum term for planting potatoes in this is the beginning of the second decade of May. Planting potatoes on May 12-15 with embedding of seed material to a depth of 5-6 cm ensured the formation of the planned yield of 40 t / ha with a planting scheme of 70x19 cm (Rosara - 41.4 t / ha, Kuzovok - 44.6 t / ha), and in the variety Kuzovok - additionally with the scheme 75x27 cm (38.3 t / ha). The planting of potatoes on May 25-29 provided a predetermined level of productivity (40 t / ha) of the Kuzovok variety in all variants of the experiment, and the Rosara variety in the variant of thickened planting. However, the starch content in Rosara tubers decreased by 1.60%, Kuzovok - by 1.26%, starch collection from 1 ha decreased by 0.60 and 0.37 t / ha, respectively, and the accumulation of nitrates in tubers increased by 25.8 and 52.5% compared with the optimal landing period. The advantage here was a deep embedment of seed tubers: an increase in the yield of the Rosara variety averaged 0.88 t / ha, Kuzovok - 1.23 t / ha. During the late planting period (June 5–12), there was a significant decrease in productivity (Rosara - by 3.49 t / ha, Kuzovok - by 5.18 t / ha) and the quality of potato tubers compared to planting from May 12-15. The starchy content of tubers decreased by 1.87 and 2.11%, the collection of starch from 1 ha to 1.10 and 1.45 t / ha, respectively, and the accumulation of nitrates increased 2.05 and 2.19 times. The planned yield of 40 t / ha was achieved only in the variety Kuzovok in thickened planting variants. At the same time, deep seeding of seed material increased the yield of the Rosara variety on average by 1.39 t / ha, and the Kuzovok variety - by 1.90 t / ha. Early landing (May 5) in 2014 and 2017. did not lead to an increase in potato productivity compared to planting in the second decade of May. At the same time, the yield decrease of the Rosara variety was 5.82 t / ha, Kuzovok - 2.75 t / ha. The planned yield of 40 t / ha was noted only in the variant of the thickened planting of the variety Kuzovok.
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Foster, R. E., and W. G. Buhler. "Control of Insects on Potatoes, 1995." Arthropod Management Tests 21, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 139–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/21.1.139.
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Abstract Seed pieces were planted 15 May at the Pinney Purdue Research Farm, Wanatah, Indiana. Plots consisted of single rows, 30 ft long, 5 ft apart, arranged in a RCB with four replications. Insecticides were applied with a CO2powered backpack sprayer using hollow cone nozzle tips and delivering 16.3 gal water/acre at 30 psi. All Admire 2F treatments were applied in the furrow at planting. Foliar sprays were applied 28 Jun, 12 and 31 Jul. CPB were counted on ten plants per plot on 27 Jun, 5, 17 Jul and 7 Aug. PLH adults were monitored with a sweep net. Results are presented as the average number of CPB per 10 plants or average number of PLH adults per 20 sweeps. Yields were measured by harvesting all marketable tubers from each plot on 30 Aug.
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Hughes, B. R., and C. N. F. Keith. "EFFECT OF PACLOBUTRAZOL TREATMENTS ON GROWTH AND TUBER YIELDS IN GREENHOUSE-GROWN SHEPODY SEED POTATOES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 619 (November 2003): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2003.619.30.
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Ramadiyanti, Mita, and Yusep Ikhrawan. "FORMULASI TEPUNG KOMPOSITTERHADAPMIE BASAH MENGGUNAKAN RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY." Paspalum: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian 4, no. 2 (October 7, 2017): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35138/paspalum.v4i2.28.
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Sweet potato and jackfruit seeds are local resources that can grow well in tropical climate of Indonesia that has a high level of productivity. Thus, food diversification program through the use of local resources is expected to address people's reliance on products of flour-based noodles. This study is divided into three main stages, namely formula optimization, analysis, and organoleptic. Optimization stage formula begins by determining the maximum and minimum points substitution of each flour. For jackfruit seed flour, sweet potato flour and wheat flour made wet noodle-making with the level of substitution of 10% to 80%. Analysis of the product consists of a physical analysis ie water absorption in the range of 8.5% to 9.5%. Chemical analysis of water content with the result of 0.83% to 0.97%, Abu 0.0087 to 0.0094 levels, protein content of 8.5% to 9.5%, fat content of 0.0075 to 0.0084, starch 27.74 until 27.78, crude fiber 0.02 to 0.07, and a yield of 1 to 1.7. The solution formula with the most optimal response,ie wet noodle formula with 33.33% jackfruit seed flour, sweet potato flour 33.33%, 33.33% wheat flour
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Boydston, Rick A., Steven F. Vaughn, Charles L. Webber III, and Bernardo Chaves-Cordoba. "Evaluating Mustard Seed Meal for Weed Suppression in Potato (Solanum tuberosum)." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 2 (January 12, 2018): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n2p48.
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Mustard seed meal (MSM) derived from Sinapis alba controls weeds for several weeks following application to soil, but also has potential to injure the planted crop. Producers of certified organic potatoes typically utilize a combination of cover crops, soil hilling, harrowing, and cultivation for weed control. Once the potato canopy nears row closure, most late emerging weeds are suppressed by the dense potato canopy. MSM may have value for early season weed suppression in potato, but has not been previously tested. Our objectives were to determine the weed control efficacy and potato tolerance to MSM. We evaluated response of potatoes and weeds to MSM applied at 1.1, 2.2, and 4.5 MT ha-1 applied in a band on the potato hill just after a shallow harrowing and prior to potato emergence as part of an integrated weed management program in potatoes. MSM applied at 2.2 and 4.5 MT ha-1 reduced early season grass and broadleaf weed density 73 to 99% and 54 to 98%, respectively, in potato and reduced late season broadleaf weed biomass 71 to 94% in all three years tested. Early season grass weed density in potato was reduced by MSM at 2.2 and 4.5 MT ha-1. Late season grass weed biomass was reduced by the highest rate of 4.5 MT ha-1. MSM at 4.5 MT ha-1 caused minor injury to potato (3 to 15%) at 3 weeks after emergence, but did not reduce total tuber yields or percentage of US No.1 tubers. MSM could be a component of an integrated weed control program in potato.
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O'Brien, P. J., J. L. Jones, E. J. Allen, and G. S. M. Raouf. "Effects of physiological age of seed tubers on seed yield and regrowth of progeny tubers in potatoes." Journal of Agricultural Science 107, no. 2 (October 1986): 307–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600087116.
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SummaryFour experiments are reported in which the effects of a range of physiological ages of seed tubers on growth and yield in seed crops and regrowth of the progeny seed were studied. Increasing the age of seed in Home Guard, Arran Comet, Pentland Javelin and Désirée advanced emergence, tuber initiation and early growth but restricted leaf area index and reduced the number of tubers and seed tuber yield. In these varieties increasing the physiological age of seed shortened the dormancy of the progeny seed and slightly increased sprout lengths at replanting but in Home Guard had no effects on field growth and tuber yield.In a further series of experiments at Tenby seed of five varieties (Home Guard, Red Craigs Royal, Désirée, Maris Piper and Stormont Enterprise) was multiplied over 2 years using husbandry methods designed to produce seed of contrasting ages. Once-grown seed from Tenby which had been planted and harvested early in the season was stored at either 4 or 12 °C and grown again at Tenby before being stored again at either 4 or 12 °C. The seed resulting from this multiplication over 2 years was compared with seed imported from seed-growing areas stored at the two temperatures. The seasons for the two multiplications at Tenby (1975 and 1976) were hot and were followed by an especially cold and late spring yet few differences between seed from Tenby and other areas could be detected. Where seed from different areas entered sprouting temperatures at different times and therefore produced different ages of seed at replanting large effects on yield were found. Storage temperature had large effects on regrowth of tubers in Home Guard, Red Craigs Royal and Stormont Enterprise for storage at 12 °C produced ‘little potato disorder’ in the majority of plants in one storage phase while storage at lower temperature produced full plant stands and yields. The results provided no support for the suggestion that repeated multiplication in warm lowland areas may lead to cumulative deterioration in the performance of seed.
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Bykin, A. V., and T. V. Panchuk. "Productivity of seed potatoes with local application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers." PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE 12, no. 2 (2021): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/agr2021.02.037.
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Ukraine is a leader in potato production, among the top three producer countries and ranks second in the world in terms of per capita potato consumption, second only to Belarus. It produces 139 kg per year per capita, with a world average of about 33 kg/person/year. According to UCAB, in recent years the area under potatoes has increased by 2.7% to 1325 thousand hectares. However, the average yield for the last three years was 15.8 t/ha. In some advanced farms of Ukraine the yield reaches 30–40 t/ha due to the introduction of scientific developments in production. However, in general, the potential for economic productivity of potatoes in Ukraine now remains completely untapped. Potato plants are demanding to the presence of nutrients in the soil. Soil nutrients must be available for plants and in sufficient quantity. It causes by the biological characteristics of potatoes. The effectiveness of mineral fertilizers depends on the methods and quality of their application. The traditional method of fertilization involves fertilizers broadcasting on the soil surface with their tillage. As a result of uneven placement of fertilizer granules in the soil layer, the transition of nutrients into unavailable form to plants, which causes the uneven plants development and maturation of tubers. Therefore, one of the ways to improve the potatoes nutrition and reduce nutrient losses and obtain high stable crop yields is the local application of mineral fertilizers in the area of the root system location. Local application of phosphorus determines it better availability throughout the growing season, which provides accelerated growth and development of roots and shoots, as well as the formation of the optimal number of tubers. Local placement of potassium improves its availability and provides enhanced synthesis and transport of carbohydrates in plants, increases the absorption of moisture and nutrients by the roots, strengthens their resistance to disease and improves the quality of tubers. The aim of our researching was to investigate the effectiveness of the phosphorus and potassium application in different methods and phosphorus and potassium rates and to establish it impact in the productivity of seed potatoes. The research was located in the field experiment of the Department of Agrochemistry and Quality of Crop Products named by O.I. Dushechkina NULES of Ukraine on the territory of LLC "Biotech LTD" (Boryspil district, Kyiv region) during 2019–2020. Early-maturing variety Tiras was selected for research. The planting area was 495m2 of the accounting area was 312m2. The experiment was repeated 4 times. The placement of options was systematic. As a result of research it was established that local application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers provided such a level of yield of Tiras potatoes, which was not inferior to the variant with the fertilizers broadcasting. Yield growth in variants with local application ranged from 0.6 t/ha to 2.9 t/ha, depending on the rates. The application of local fertilizer with the rate of P60K135 caused the highest yield of seed potatoes among the options (33.4 t/ha), as well as the highest yield of seed fraction. It was 31.6 t/ha.
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MUTALA’LIAH, MUTALA’LIAH, SIWI INDARTI, and ARIF WIBOWO. "Short Communication: The prevalence and species of root-knot nematode which infect on potato seed in Central Java, Indonesia." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 20, no. 1 (December 4, 2018): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d200102.
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Mutala’liah, Indarti S , Wibowo A. 2019. Short Communication: The prevalence and species of root-knot nematode which infect on potato seed in Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 11-16. Root-knot nematodes are considered as one of the most destructive pathogens of potatoes, especially on tuber seed. Infected potato seed will cause tuber malformation and the most important thing is as the main spreading source of Meloidogyne spp. The objective of this research was to know the prevalence and identify the species of root-knot nematode which attack the potato seed in four sub-districts of potato production centre in Central Java, Indonesia. Molecular and morphological identification was conducted for the nematode species identification. PCR assay using MIG primer to detect three tropical root-knot nematodes followed by sequencing was conducted for molecular detection, while the perennial pattern was conducted for morphological detection. Results showed that root-knot nematodes on potato seed were generally distributed in Central Java with the prevalence percentage between 14.28-88.23% on the three from four sampling area. The molecular and morphological identification show that species of root-knot nematodes identified on potato seeds were Meloidogyne javanica, M. incognita, and M. arenaria.
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Sekhon, H. S., and M. Singh. "Effect of growth regulators and nitrogen on the growth, number and size of seed tubers and yield of potatoes." Journal of Agricultural Science 104, no. 1 (February 1985): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600043033.
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SummaryField investigations conducted at Ludhiana (India) showed that the foliar application of 2-chloroethyltrimethyl-ammonium chloride (CCC) (50% a.i.) at 300,600 and 900 ml/ha about 5 weeks after planting did not depress plant height. The dose of 600 ml CCC/ha was most effective and increased seed yield by 1·31 and 0·74 t/ha over the control (water spray) in 1978–9 and 1979–80, respectively. The corresponding increases in total yield were 1·37 and 0·86 t/ha. However, in 1980–1 when CCC was applied 3 weeks after planting even the lower dose of 300 ml/ha depressed the plant height. Then the treatment of CCC increased significantly the number of tubers of seed size and seed yield by decreasing the ‘ware’ yield but did not influence the total yield. The yields of potatoes were not affected signifioantly by the application of N-dimethyl amino succinamic acid (B 9) and succinic acid (SA).In an experiment where the interaction of nitrogen and CCC was studied both factors not only increased the seed yield but also increased the total yield. However, there was no interaction between nitrogen and CCC.
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Haynes, Kathleen G., Lincoln Zotarelli, Christian T. Christensen, and Stephanie Walker. "Early Generation Selection within a Diploid Hybrid Solanum tuberosum Groups Phureja and Stenotomum Population for the Intense Yellow-flesh Creamer Potato Market." HortScience 54, no. 12 (December 2019): 2118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13576-18.
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Consumer demand for specialty market potatoes has been growing. Cultivated South American diploid potatoes possess great variation for skin and flesh colors, shape, and taste. A long-day adapted population of Solanum tuberosum groups Phureja and Stenotomum (phu-stn) was evaluated for characteristics associated with the type known as papa criolla or papa amarilla in South America. Tubers have intense yellow flesh and may be fried or roasted and eaten whole. A U.S. northern location (Maine), representative of a seed growing region, and two southern locations (Florida and New Mexico), representative of potato growing regions near large Hispanic populations, evaluated yellow-fleshed clones selected within a phu-stn population. Agreement between selectors at two locations was greater than 50%. Tuber skin color and shape were highly correlated between locations; flesh color and tuber dormancy moderately so; eye depth had low correlation between locations; and appearance and skin texture had low or no correlation between locations. Tuber dormancy was generally short, but a few longer dormant clones were identified. There were significant differences among clones for yields, with the highest yields occurring in Maine. More intense evaluations are planned for a subset of these clones before possible release as new varieties. Future breeding efforts will be undertaken to lengthen tuber dormancy in this population.
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Hervieux, V., R. Chabot, J. Arul, and R. J. Tweddell. "Evaluation of different fungicides applied as seed tuber treatments for the control of potato silver scurf." Phytoprotection 82, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/706214ar.
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Silver scurf of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), caused by the fungus Helminthosporium solani, is an important surface-blemishing disease of potato tubers. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of different fungicides applied to potato seed tubers for control of silver scurf. Field trials were conducted in Québec province in 1998 and 1999. Potato seed tubers infected with H. solani were treated with either talc, fludioxonil, mancozeb, iprodione, thiabendazole, imazalil or azoxystrobin, and planted at three locations in 1998 and two locations in 1999. The results showed that, under our experimental conditions, the fungicides tested, applied as seed treatments, did not significantly influence total and marketable yields as well as silver scurf severity on daughter tubers at harvest and after different storage periods. In addition, this study showed the influence of the experimental locations on silver scurf development and suggests that soil inoculum plays a role in the epidemiology of the disease.
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Swisher Grimm, Kylie D., Tariq Mustafa, W. Rodney Cooper, and Joseph E. Munyaneza. "Growth and Yield Performance of Solanum tuberosum Grown from Seed Potatoes Infected with ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ Haplotypes A and B." Plant Disease 104, no. 3 (March 2020): 688–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-19-1125-re.
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Zebra chip (ZC) disease of potato (Solanum tuberosum) is associated with infection by ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (Lso). Two haplotypes of Lso—A and B—occur in the United States. Lso haplotype B is more virulent than haplotype A, causing greater disease incidence in tubers, more severe symptoms, and greater loss in tuber yield. This study assessed whether tubers from infected plants generate new infected plants the following year. The effects of both Lso haplotypes A and B on tuber resprout were examined on five potato cultivars. When compared with noninfected tubers, overall plant emergence rate from Lso A- or B-infected tubers was lower, plants emerged slower, and plants generated lower daughter tuber yields in weight and quantity. Plants generally emerged poorly from Lso B-infected tubers and produced lower daughter tuber yields than Lso A-infected tubers. Regardless of Lso treatment, all daughter tubers were asymptomatic, and only 0.3% tested positive for Lso in experiments conducted over 2 years. This suggests that plants generated from Lso A- and Lso B-infected seed potatoes with severe ZC symptoms are likely not a significant source of Lso in potato fields.
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Munawaroh, Dini, Subagiya Subagiya, and Susilo Hambeg Poromarto. "Efektivitas Tumpangsari Kunyit terhadap Penekanan Nematoda Sista Kuning pada Kentang." Agrosains: Jurnal Penelitian Agronomi 21, no. 1 (March 26, 2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/agsjpa.v21i1.27174.
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Golden cyst nematode is one of the important pests that causes potatoes loss yield. <em>Globodera rostochiensis</em> is the pest that difficult to control because it can withstand in adverse environmental conditions. In Indonesia, golden cyst nematode was first discovered in 2003 in East Java. One of the methods that used in this research is intercropping system. The main objectives in this study was to examine how the effect of turmeric plants on intercropping system to cysts population and amount of eggs on golden cyst nematode and the use of turmeric plants is expected to reduce the application of nematicides. This research was conducted on November 2017-February 2018, in Dieng Banjarnegara. The results show the effect of turmeric on intercropping system had not been able to control the cysts population through the eggs, beside that the eggs are not decrease due to genetic factors of each nematode and environment that effect on eggs formation. But the balancing of use turmeric plants on intercropping system could reduce the cysts population. It can be seen on K1P1 (1 Potato : 1 Turmeric) treatment that showed of decreases of cysts population compared to control treatment. The difference on cysts population is caused by turmeric root exudates.
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Sembiring, Asma, and K. Kusmana. "West Java Potato Farmers’ Preference on The Quality Characteristics of Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute Potato Varieties." Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Industri 19, no. 1 (June 23, 2020): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/jiti.v19i1.10209.
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The availability of a high-quality potato seed will affect the increasing of Indonesia potato production. Indonesia Vegetables Research Institute (IVegRI) attempts to produce various high-quality potato varieties. The potatoes are needed to be disseminated to users. Therefore, they could create benefits in terms of increasing farmers' production and revenue. The objective of the study was to identify West Java potato farmers' preference for the seven potato varieties that have been released by IVegRI. The survey was carried out in Garut district, West Java province, Indonesia. Total, 32 potato farmers, participated in the survey from January to September 2019. The Perceived Quality (PQ) was used to analyze data. The result indicates three potato varieties preferred by potato farmers were Dayang sumbi, Sangkuriang, and Medians, respectively. The result would be useful for the IVegRI to create better potato varieties in the future.
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Johansen, Tor J., Leidulf Lund, and Jarle Nilsen. "Influence of daylength and temperature during formation of seed potatoes on subsequent growth and yields under long day conditions." Potato Research 45, no. 2-4 (December 2002): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02736109.
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Damayanti, T. A., O. J. Alabi, S. H. Hidayat, J. M. Crosslin, and R. A. Naidu. "First Report of Potato virus Y in Potato in West Java, Indonesia." Plant Disease 98, no. 2 (February 2014): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-13-0745-pdn.
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Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is an important vegetable crop in Indonesia. A small survey was conducted for virus diseases in November 2011 in Lembang, West Java, as part of assessing the sanitary status of potatoes produced in farmers' fields. Among the six potato fields surveyed, one field had nearly 20% of plants displaying stunted growth with leaves showing mild chlorotic spots and reduced size of lamina. Tubers harvested from symptomatic plants showed no necrosis symptoms. Symptomatic leaves from three representative potato plants were positive for Potato virus Y (PVY) when tested with PVY-specific immunostrips (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN). Leaf samples from virus-positive plants were imprinted on FTA Classic Cards (Whatman International Ltd., Maidstone, UK), air dried, and shipped to Washington State University for confirmatory diagnostic tests. Total nucleic acids were eluted from FTA cards (1) and subjected to reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using primers (PVY/Y4A and PVY/Y3S) specific to the coat protein (CP) of PVY (3). Nucleic acid extracts from samples infected with PVY ordinary strain (PVYO), tuber necrosis strain (PVYNTN), tobacco veinal necrosis strains (PVYEU-N and PVYNA-N), and a recombinant strain (PVYN:O) were included as standards to validate RT-PCR assays. The approximately 480-bp DNA fragment, representing a portion of the CP, amplified in RT-PCR was cloned into pCR2.1 (Invitrogen Corp., Carlsbad, CA). DNA isolated from four independent recombinant clones was sequenced from both orientations. Pairwise comparison of these sequences (GenBank Accession Nos. KF261310 to 13) showed 100% identity among themselves and 93 to 100% identity with corresponding sequences of reference strains of PVY available in GenBank (JQ743609 to 21). To our knowledge, this study represents the first confirmed report of PVY in potato in West Java, Indonesia. Studies are in progress to assess the prevalence of PVY in other potato-growing regions of Indonesia and document the presence of different strains of the virus (2). Since the majority of farmers in Indonesia plant seed selected from their previous potato crop, there is an increased risk of primary and secondary spread of PVY through the informal seed supply system, leading to its increased significance to potato production in Indonesia. Therefore, strengthening foundation seed potato and supply chain programs will promote the production of virus-free potatoes in Indonesia. References: (1) O. J. Alabi et al. Plant Dis. 96:107, 2012. (2) A. Karasev and S. M. Gray. Am. J. Potato Res. 90:7, 2013. (3) R. P. Singh et al. J. Virol. Methods 59:189, 1996.
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Marinus, J. "Multiplication of seed potatoes by tuber formation in leaf axils of stems derived from single-bud stem cuttings." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 35, no. 1 (February 1, 1987): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v35i1.16755.
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Single-node cuttings of 3 cultivars were planted in such a way that the buds were some centimetres above the soil surface. Some of the plants were grown under long-day conditions, the others under short days during stem growth, this being favourable to tuber formation in normal plants. Stems growing from the buds showed abundant tuber formation in the leaf axils of Jaerla (early) and Bintje (mid early), especially under short-day conditions, but fewer tubers were formed in Alpha (late). This cultivar formed many thickened branches instead of tubers under short-day conditions. Under long days Jaerla and Bintje formed many above-ground tubers, whereas half of the cuttings of Alpha did not form tubers. When planted, above-ground tubers produced good yields. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
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Linduska, James J., Marylee Ross, Karen Mulford, and John Nottingham. "Colorado Potato Beetle Control on Potatoes with In-Furrow Treatments, 1994." Arthropod Management Tests 20, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/20.1.115.
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Abstract ‘Kennebec’ potatoes were planted in 20 foot rows on 25 Apr, ‘94. Plots consisted of a single treatment row. The distance between rows was 64 inches and the distance between plants within the row was 10 inches. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk "A" loamy sand. Initial furrow treatments were applied to the seed at the rate of 20 gal per acre with a small watering can. Admire foliar treatments were applied at a rate of 50 gal per acre on 8, 23 and 29 Jun with a custom built compressed air row crop sprayer with each row being covered by 6 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/acre at 30 psi. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of the number of Colorado potato beetle adults, larvae and egg masses/10 plants and the % defoliation were recorded. Defoliation categories were assigned using a pretransformed defoliation rating scale, based on dividing 90° into 13 steps corresponding to arcsin transformation values (Little & Hills 1978). Yields were taken on 20 Jul from 20-ft of row.
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Hegney, M. A., and I. R. McPharlin. "Broadcasting phosphate fertilisers produces higher yields of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) than band-placement on coastal sands." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 39, no. 4 (1999): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98106.
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The relative effectiveness of broadcasting compared with band-placement of phosphorus (P) fertilisers (0–480 kg P/ha) was compared using potatoes grown on P-deficient sandy soils over 2 seasons in Western Australia (Karrakatta sand in 1993, experiment 1; and Spearwood sand in 1996, experiment 2). The maximum yield of potatoes when P fertiliser was broadcast and incorporated to 20–25 cm before planting (broadcast) was 17 t/ha higher than when P was placed in 2 bands 5 cm to the side of and below seed piece level (banded) in experiment 1, and 13 t/ha higher in experiment 2. However, higher rates of applied P were required to reach 99% of maximum yield on the broadcast compared with the banded plots in both years (i.e. 174 v. 134 kg/ha in experiment 1, and 279 v. 125 kg/ha in experiment 2). Despite the lower levels of applied P required to achieve maximum yield in the banding treatment, banding P fertiliser for potatoes grown on Karrakatta and Spearwood sands would result in significant economic loss. The higher yield in the broadcast treatment corresponded with significantly (P<0.001) higher P concentrations (about 2-fold) in petioles of youngest fully expanded leaves from 56 to 131 days after sowing. When tubers were 10 mm long, the petiole P concentrations corresponding with 95 and 99% of maximum yield were 1.13 and 1.28%, respectively, for the broadcast P treatments in experiment 1, and 0.95 and 1.11% in experiment 2. The reduced yield in the banded treatments was assumed to be due to P fertiliser toxicity in the soil and not P toxicity in the plant tissue. Phosphorus uptake by tubers was significantly (P<0.001) higher (about 2-fold) when P was broadcast rather than banded, especially at high levels of applied P. Phosphorus recovery efficiency by tubers (P uptake by tubers/P applied, both in kg/ha) was higher when P was broadcast rather than banded, particularly at high levels of applied P (e.g. at 480 kg applied P/ha, recovery efficiency was 0.07 in the broadcast treatment compared with 0.03 in the banded treatment). These results show that, for growers to avoid significant economic loss, broadcast applications of P fertilisers should continue to be recommended for potatoes grown on the low P-fixing, sandy soils of the Swan Coastal Plain.
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Love, Stephen L., and Asunta Thompson-Johns. "Seed-piece Spacing Influences Yield, Size Distribution, Net Returns, and Stem and Tuber Density of Three Processing Potato Cultivars." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 536a—536. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.536a.
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Seed-piece spacing is an important economic consideration in the production of potatoes and optimum varies by cultivar and intended market. A study was designed to determine the influence of seed-piece spacing on yield, tuber size distribution, net returns and stem and tuber density of three processing potato cultivars. Seed tubers of cvs. Russet Burbank, Frontier Russet and Ranger Russet were planted 8, 15, 23, 31, 46, 61, 76, or 91 cm apart at two locations in 1988 and 1989. Total, marketable (U.S. No. 1), and mid-size (226–452 g tubers) yield, yield of five incremental size categories, net profits from a typical processing contract, and stem and tuber density (number per m of row) were determined. All three cultivars achieved highest total yields at the narrowest (8 cm) spacing. Marketable and mid-size yield were optimized between 15 and 31 cm depending on the cultivar. The size distribution of tubers shifted from a predominance of small tubers at the narrow spacing treatments to a predominance of large tubers at the wide spacing treatments. The rate of shift across spacing treatments was cultivar dependent. Russet Burbank showed a bimodal response to spacing for net returns with optimums at the 23- and 46-cm spacing treatments. Frontier Russet and Ranger Russet showed optimums at 23 cm. All three cultivars gave maximum mid-size yields at a stem density of 10.5–12.1 per m of row and a tuber density of 23.9–24.9 per m of row.
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Karimuna, La, Nini Mila Rahni, and Dirvamena Boer. "The Use of Bokashi to Enhance Agricultural Productivity of Marginal Soils in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia." Journal of Tropical Crop Science 3, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.3.1.1-6.
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The yield of agriculture crops tends to be decreasing in many parts of world including in Indonesian farmers’ land. One of the causes of the decreased yields is the reduction of organic matter in the soil. Peanut is one of the important crops in southeast Sulawesi and is usually intercropped with maize. However, the yield of peanut and maize crops were low as they were grown in marginal lands that have low nutrient contents, low CEC, high acidity, and low organic matter. The objectives of this paper were to summarize the results of our studies on the use of bio fertilizer bokashi plus fertilizer to improve peanut yields grown in marginal soil in southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. The study also examined the agronomical performance of several local peanut varieties which had high adaptability to the local conditions and marginal lands. The results of this study demonstrated that application of mulch and bokashi increased maize and peanut production, seed dry weight and 100-seed weight. This practice has potentials to be applied in other agricultural lands of southeast Sulawesi region with similar soil and climatic condition to increase peanut yield, and promote the sustainable agriculture production of the region.
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Thomas, P. E. "Nicotiana megalosiphon, a Highly Susceptible, New, and Useful Host for Potato Virus A." Plant Disease 88, no. 10 (October 2004): 1160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2004.88.10.1160b.
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Potato virus A (PVA; genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) occurs wherever potatoes are grown and may reduce tuber yields as much as 40%. Its host range consists of six experimental hosts (Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium (Jusl.) P. Mill., Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertn., Nicotiana tabacum L., Solanum demissum Lindl., S. demissum × S. tuberosum [2], and Nicotiana debneyi Domin.) and two natural hosts (S. tuberosum L. and S. betaceae (Cav.) Sendt.) (2). Aphids transmit PVA in a stylet-born manner. Its difficult mechanical transmission, caused by a low virus concentration in potato and other hosts (1), has constrained pathological research on the virus. In routine studies to identify virus isolates from the field, we discovered that N. megalosiphon Van Heurck & Mull. Agr. is a superior host of PVA that markedly facilitated diagnosis, selection for resistance to PVA, and other research applications. The efficiency of mechanical transmission of PVA to potato (5 duplicated assays and 10 plants per assay) ranged from 0 to 10% with PVA-infected potato as the virus source, 0 to 30% with Nicandra physalodes, 10 to 30% with N. tabacum cv. Samsun, and 20 to 80% with N. megalosiphon as the source of virus. The efficiency of mechanical transmission to four systemic hosts of PVA with potato (cv. Russet Burbank) as the source of virus (5 duplicated assays and 10 plants per assay) ranged from 0 to 20% to potato, 0 to 30% to Nicandra physalodes, 10 to 40% to N. tabacum cv. Samsun, and 80 to 100% to N. megalosiphon. The superiority of N. megalosiphon as a host and source of PVA was associated with a high virus concentration in tissues. Infected potato leaves yielded 0.32 to 0.54 mg of virus per kg of infected leaves, Nicandra physalodes yielded 0.37 to 0.66 mg per kg, N. tabacum cv. Samsun yielded 0.78 to 1.22 mg per kg, and N. megalosiphon yielded 5.16 to 9.39 mg per kg of infected leaves in five different purification experiments. These yields are based on the amount of virus isolated in sucrose gradients subjected to rate-zonal centrifugation as the last step in purification (3). The virus antigen concentrations of the original PVA-infected tissues measured using quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ranked virus concentrations in the same relative order as purification but were nearly 2 times higher than were the purification yields. Similarly, local lesion assays on S. demissum A leaves (4) ranked infectious virus concentrations in the same order as did purification. Efficiency of aphid transmission from the four hosts was not assayed. Infected N. megalosiphon plants survived and served as sources of PVA for at least 1 year in a greenhouse. N. megalosiphon is an important new host of PVA because it facilitates the routine transmission of the virus and other manipulations essential for efficient research on control of the virus disease. References: (1) R. Bartels. No. 54 in: Descriptions of Plant Viruses. CMI, Kew, Surrey, UK, 1971. (2) A. Brunt. Page 77 in: Virus and Virus-Like Diseases of Potatoes and Production of Seed Potatoes. G Loebenstein et al., eds. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 2001. (3) P. E. Thomas and W. K. Kaniewski. Page 285 in: Virus and Virus-Like Diseases of Potatoes and Production of Seed Potatoes, G. Loebenstein et al., eds. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 2001. (4) R. E. Webb and R. W. Buck. Am Potato J. 32:248, 1955.
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Komen, Simeon K., Julius O. Ochuodho, and Elmada O. Auma. "Effect of Site and Variety on Yield of Seed Potato in the North Rift Region of Kenya." Open Agriculture 3, no. 1 (August 1, 2018): 296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2018-0032.
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Abstract Potato is Kenya’s second staple food crop, grown by small scale farmers who recycle seed due to unavailability of certified one, resulting in diseases build-up that reduces yields. The subdivision of once seed farms and change of use in the 1980’s effectively limit availability of suitable land for seed production against high demand of quality seed. Hence search for alternative sites in the North Rift for seed production are being explored. However, current varieties in commercial production were not evaluated for their performance in this region. The objectives of the study were to identify suitable potato varieties for seed production and for which elevation in the region.Well sprouted seed tubers of six local varieties were planted at Kitale (1901 m), Kapcherop (2386 m) and Kibigos (2887 m) above sea level following recommended management practices. Plant emergence was slowest at Kibigos while fastest at Kitale. Stem density varied with varieties and attained maximum numbers at 56 days after planting. Most of the varieties had 80% of tubers in seed grade 70 days after planting at Kitale. Introduction of potato varieties should be preceded by evaluation for their performance as some varieties seem more suitable while others do well across the sites for seed production. In cooler areas like Kapcherop and Kibigos potato tubers remain younger, emerge slowly compared to warmer areas, but attain maximum emergence 30 days after planting. Some varieties like Dutch Ronjin, have high number of tubers in seed size category while some have more ware size potatoes grown in same elevation for the same growth period.
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Hide, G. A., S. J. Welham, P. J. Read, and A. E. Ainsley. "Influence of planting seed tubers with gangrene(Phoma foveata) and of neighbouring healthy, diseased and missing plants on the yield and size of potatoes." Journal of Agricultural Science 125, no. 1 (August 1995): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600074499.
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SUMMARYPotato seed tubers infected or not infected with gangrene (Phoma foveata) were planted at Rothatnsted in 1987 to measure the effect of the disease and of neighbouring plants on yield. The experimental design was constructed so that the effect on growth of six adjacent plants (two nearest neighbours in each direction within rows and one nearest neighbour in each direction across rows) could be estimated for each plant. Total yield, ware (> 150 g) yield and tuber number from individual plants were affected most by the disease but also, in decreasing importance, by the two plants on either side within the same row (first neighbours), the two plants adjacent to the first neighbours (second neighbours) and the two adjacent plants in the rows on either side. Yield and tuber numbers increased as the different combinations of neighbouring plants contained increasing proportions of plants from diseased seed and missing plants; plants compensated for decreasing competition. Tuber size distributions showed that numbers of ware tubers decreased with increasing competition whereas numbers of small tubers were less affected. The fitted model was used to predict yields from crops planted with different proportions of diseased or missing seed tubers.
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Stirling, GR, and MF Wachtel. "Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne hapla) on potato in south-eastern South Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 2 (1985): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850455.
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In south-eastern South Australia root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne hapla) caused losses to potato crops in fields that were sown once every 5- 15 years and were used for grazing in the intervening years. Although seed used by some growers was infested with M. hapla, the nematode also survived between potato crops on subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum), the dominant pasture species, and capeweed (Cryptostemma calendula). Subterranean clover was the most abundant alternate host. Nematodes invaded clover seedlings that established following rain in April and produced eggs about 12 weeks later. A second generation was produced in late winter and spring, so that a relatively high root-knot nematode population was present when potatoes were planted. The population increased rapidly on potatoes and numbers capable of causing severe root damage were observed 10- 15 weeks after planting. The growing of non-host crops, or the use of herbicides or cultivation to eliminate subterranean clover in the winter prior to the potato crop, should be investigated. In a nematicide trial, ethylene dibromide at 70 and 110 kg/ha increased yields of potato cv. Pontiac by about 90%.
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KIMPINSKI, J., and J. B. SANDERSON. "EFFECT OF ALDICARB, ALDOXYCARB AND OXAMYL ON POTATO TUBER YIELDS AND ROOT LESION NEMATODES." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 69, no. 2 (April 1, 1989): 611–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps89-075.
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In a 3-yr field study at Upton, Prince Edward Island, aldicarb at 1.12 and 2.24 kg a.i. ha−1 and oxamyl at 2.24 kg a.i. ha−1 were applied in the furrow with seed potatoes. Nematicide treatments increased tuber yields of Superior by 15.5% (4.6 t ha−1) and yields of Russet Burbank by 9.3% (3.4 t ha−1). Shepody did not respond to nematicide treatments. The effect of aldicarb on average yields of all three cultivars did not differ from that of oxamyl, nor did yields at the higher rate of aldicarb differ from those at the lower rate. In a two-year field study at Harrington, Prince Edward Island, aldicarb and aldoxycarb applied at a rate of 2.24 kg a.i. ha−1 increased yields of Superior by similar amounts of about 40% (9.4 t ha−1). Oxamyl applied at the same rate in the second year had the same impact on yields as aldicarb or aldoxycarb. Nematicide treatments reduced the numbers of root lesion nematodes (primarily Pratylenchus penetrans) in roots and soil at Upton. Both rates of aldicarb had a similar impact, but oxamyl was less effective than the aldicarb treatments in reducing nematode numbers in roots. At Harrington, aldicarb controlled nematode populations more efficiently than aldoxycarb in soil in the first year and in roots in the second year. Aldoxycarb and oxamyl reduced nematode populations to a similar degree.Key words: Aldicarb, aldoxycarb, oxamyl, Pratylenchus penetrans, Solanum tuberosum
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Peloquin, S. J., Georgia L. Yerk, Joanna E. Werner, and Elizabeth Darmo. "Potato breeding with haploids and 2n gametes." Genome 31, no. 2 (January 15, 1989): 1000–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g89-174.
Full textAbstract:
Potato breeding methods that utilize haploids of Solanum tuberosum group Tuberosum or group Andigena and 2n gametes exploit the genetic diversity, including both valuable traits and allelic diversity, available in exotic germ plasm. Three essential components are involved: (i) the wild and cultivated 2x relatives of the cultivated 4x potato are a valuable source of genetic diversity; (ii) haploids (2n = 2x = 24) of cultivars (2n = 4x = 48) are effective in capturing diversity (germ plasm enhancement); (iii) 2n gametes, resulting from first division restitution, are an efficient method of transmitting this genetic diversity to cultivated 4x potatoes. Heterosis for total and marketable tuber yield and specific gravity occurs in 4x families from crosses between 4x cultivars and 2x haploid Tuberosum × 'Phureja' hybrids. Selected 4x clones from relatively small 4x × 2x families have been released as cultivars based on their earliness and heat tolerance in the tropics. Other 4x clones from 4x × 2x crosses, where the 2x parents were haploid – wild species hybrids, have good yield, excellent tuber type, high specific gravity, low reducing sugars, storage quality, and stress tolerance. The seedling vigor, uniformity, and large tuber yields of progeny from 4x × 2x crosses also makes this an effective breeding method for producing potatoes from true potato seed. This breeding method is also being successfully exploited in alfalfa, red clover, sweet potatoes, yams and several species of grasses, fruits, and ornamentals.Key words: potato, haploids, 2n gametes, germ plasm, allelic diversity.
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Sumarni, Eni, Noor Farid, Loekas Soesanto, and Jajang Juansah. "PENGARUH WAKTU PEMBERIAN NUTRISI PADA PRODUKSI BENIH KENTANG SECARA AEROPONIK DENGAN APLIKASI ROOT ZONE COOLING DI DATARAN RENDAH TROPIS." Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) 7, no. 3 (December 31, 2018): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jtep-l.v7i3.142-150.
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Planting potatoes in the tropical lowlands as an effort to reduce the adverse effects of planting in the highlands such as erosion, pests and plant diseases has been carried out and the tubers have been successfully obtained. Planting of potato seeds was carried out with an aeroponic system and climate modification in the root zone cooling environment. Climate modification is carried out at an altitude of 250 m asl and <125 m asl. The stability of the temperature in the aeroponic chamber can be maintained by regulating the time of spraying cold nutrients through the nozzles to the root area. However, the importance of the time to provide nutrition in order to maintain the optimal temperature of the root area in aeroponic systems in the lowlands has not been widely reported scientifically. The purpose of this study was to obtain the appropriate time for nutrition in order to maintain optimal chamber temperature and to have an effect on the growth and yield of potato seeds. The research was conducted in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Central Java, Indonesia. Height of place <125 m above sea level. The study was conducted from July to September 2017. The factors that were tried in the study were as follows: 1. Length of time for nutrition (T): T1: 2.5 minutes OFF and 15 minutes ON; T2: 5 minutes OFF, 15 minutes ON, T3: 10 minutes OFF, 15 minutes ON, T4: 15 minutes OFF, 15 minutes ON, 2. Varieties (V): V1 (Atlantic), V2 (Granola). Growth parameters observed: plant height, number of leaves, number of tubers, tuber weight. Experiment using a randomized block design with 3 replications. The data were analyzed by F test and continued with Duncan’s Multiple Range Testof 5% level.The results showed that the duration of nutrient administration by setting a timer gave different results on the growth and development of aeroponic plants of potato seeds in the lowlands 125 m above sea level. The duration of nutrition administration 2.5 minutes OFF gave the highest number of tubers and tuber weight compared to the duration of nutrition 5 minutes, 10 minutes and 15 minutes OFF. The number of tubers obtained is 7.3 tubers / plant with boto an average of 2 mg. The duration of nutrition is 5 minutes, 10 minutes and 15 minutes OFF does not produce tubers.
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Love, Stephen L., and Asunta Thompson-Johns. "Seed Piece Spacing Influences Yield, Tuber Size Distribution, Stem and Tuber Density, and Net Returns of Three Processing Potato Cultivars." HortScience 34, no. 4 (July 1999): 629–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.4.629.
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Seed piece spacing is an important economic consideration in the production of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). The optimum spacing varies with cultivar and intended market. A study was designed to determine the influence of seed piece spacing on yield, tuber size distribution, net returns, and stem and tuber density of three processing potato cultivars. Seed tubers of cultivars Russet Burbank, Frontier Russet, and Ranger Russet were planted 8, 15, 23, 31, 46, 61, 76, or 91 cm apart at two locations in 1988 and 1989. Total, marketable (U.S. No. 1), and midsize (226–452 g tubers) yield, tuber size distribution, net profits from a representative processing contract, and stem and tuber density (number per meters of row) were determined. All three cultivars achieved highest total yields at the narrowest (8 cm) spacing. Maximum marketable and midsize (226–452 g) yield occurred between 15 and 31 cm, depending on the cultivar. Size distribution shifted from a predominance of small tubers at narrow spacings to a predominance of large tubers at wide spacings, and the rate of shift was cultivar-dependent. `Russet Burbank' showed a broad range of optimal spacing for net returns, with a maximum in the range of 23 to 46 cm. Optima for `Frontier Russet' and `Ranger Russet' were between 15 and 46 cm. Of the four tuber measurements, midsize yield appeared to be best for determining optimum spacing. Marketable yield was also a useful measurement. All three cultivars gave maximum midsize yields at a stem density of 10.5 to 12.1 per meter of row and a tuber density of 23.9 to 24.9 per meter of row. Tuber density showed some promise as a predictor of optimum seed piece spacing for new cultivars.
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Chukhlantsev, N. V., and D. S. Fomin. "COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF POTATO SPECIES IN THE PERM REGION CONDITIONS." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 6 (December 10, 2018): 101–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2018-6-101-103.
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Potatoes in all categories of farms in the Permskii Krai occupy 41.3 thousand hectares, in agricultural enterprises – 4.5 thousand hectares, with an average yield for 2014-2016 of 13.9 t / ha. The Permskii Krai there are all the prerequisites for obtaining high yields of potatoes. One of them is potato seed production. Variety, one of the important tasks of seed production, without it, with the ever-increasing need for new universal varieties that combine preservation of the original qualities for as long as possible, i.e. high stable productivity, early yield accumulation, good culinary and technical qualities (starchiness, good keeping quality, etc.) with resistance to the most harmful diseases, pests and adverse environmental conditions cannot be dispensed with. The purpose of research: the identification of promising varieties of potatoes, highly productive, in the Perm region. Investigations were carried out in 2011-2016 at the central experimental field of the Perm Agricultural Research Institute Branch of Perm Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Science. In the collection nursery, 33 varieties of three groups of precocity were tested. A comparative assessment of potato varieties by yield and economic characteristics is presented. Promising potato varieties for cultivation under the conditions of the Perm Territory were identified in the group of early maturing: Albatross, Nandina, Latona, medium-early varieties: Irbit, 428- 05, Bravo, Miner, Amur. The varieties Crisper, Lukoshko, Bafana were the best in selected indicators in the mid-season group. Comparative assessment of potato varieties according to yield and economic characteristics is presented; studies were carried out at the Perm Agricultural Research Institute Branch of Perm Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Science in the soil and climatic conditions of 2011-2016. Promising potato varieties for cultivation under the conditions of the Permskii Krai were identified in the group of early maturing: Albatross, Nandina, Latona, medium-early varieties: Irbit, 428-05, Bravo, Miner, Amur. The varieties Crisper, Lukoshko, Bafana were the best in selected indicators in the mid-season group.
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Viana, Jonathan dos S., Luiz Fabiano Palaretti, Rogério T. de Faria, Yago V. Delgado, Alexandre B. Dalri, and José de A. Barbosa. "Potato production affected by fertilization methods, masses of seed tubers and water regimes." Horticultura Brasileira 38, no. 2 (April 2020): 166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-053620200209.
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ABSTRACT Increasing potato yield while saving natural resources is a challenge for all those involved in the potato production chain. A field experiment was carried out in order to evaluate the effect of different levels of fertilization, mass of seed tubers and the water regime on the production of potato cv. Orchestra. We tested fertilization methods (F1= conventional fertilization; F2= fertigation according to the rate of absorption by the crop; F3= fertigation split into 3 applications), seed tuber mass (ST1= <50 g; ST2= >50 g), and water regimes [WR1= 50%; WR2= 100% replacement of crop evapotranspiration (ETc)]. The study was conducted using a split-plot randomized block design, with fertilizers in the plot and seed tuber mass in the subplot, with six replications. The highest tuber yields (48.18 t ha-1) and greatest potatoes (43.67 t ha-1) were obtained in the treatment F2 and for seed tuber masses >50 g (48.61 and 42.78 t ha-1) under 100% ETc water regime. However, for plants subjected to 50% ETc, the factors fertilization and seed tuber mass caused no difference in tuber yield (P>0.05). The highest water use efficiency (39.82 kg m-3 of water) was found under WR of 50% ETc for seed tuber masses >50 g. The highest cover ratio was obtained with tubers under 100% ETc being 89 days the cycle duration. The fertilization method and seed tuber mass that positively influenced the studied variables were fertigation according to the culture absorption rate and seed tuber masses >50 g for both water conditions (100% and 50% ETc).
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Lindsey, Alexander J., Karen A. Renner, and Wesley J. Everman. "Cured Dairy Compost Influence on Weed Competition and on ‘Snowden' Potato Yield." Weed Technology 27, no. 2 (June 2013): 378–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-12-00124.1.
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Potatoes are an important global food crop typically produced in high-input systems in temperate zones. Growers that have access to compost may use it to improve soil health and increase tuber yields, but compost may also increase weed competition by increasing early-season water availability and weed growth. A field study at the Michigan State University Montcalm Research farm in 2010 and 2011 investigated the impact of compost on weed competition in potato. Potatoes were grown in field plots with 0, 4,000, or 8,000 kg carbon (C) ha−1of compost under weed-free conditions, and in competition with common lambsquarters, giant foxtail, and hairy nightshade. Compost did not increase biomass or seed production of any weed species. Giant foxtail and hairy nightshade at 5.3 plants per meter of row reduced potato yield by 20%; common lambsquarters reduced yield by 45%. The yield reduction by giant foxtail and hairy nightshade was due to a decrease in tuber bulking, whereas yield reductions from common lambsquarters were a result of lower tuber set and bulking. Potato yield increased 5 to 15% in compost compared to non-compost treatments; tuber specific gravity decreased by 0.3% in composted treatments. Across weed densities, elevated soil potassium levels in the 8,000 kg C ha−1composted treatment may have increased potato yield and decreased tuber specific gravity.
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Durnikin, D. A., O. Y. Voronkova, V. A. Kundius, and L. I. Petrova. "The role of organic farming in the formation of the harvest and the nutrition value of potatoes on unused arable lands and fallow lands of Altay Region (Western Siberia)." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 7, no. 4 (December 26, 2017): 388–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2017_132.
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<p>In the article, a comprehensive evaluation of the role of organic farming in the formation of the crop and the nutritional value of perspective varieties cultivated within the climatic zone of Western Siberia is considered. The most favorable conditions for growing potatoes in the Altai Region of the Western Siberia are compared with other regions of Russia and those of foreign countries.<br />In the southern and southeastern regions of the Altai region, where the formation of tubers coincides with the hot period of the first half of summer, the high soil temperature negatively affects the eyes of the tubers. Therefore, the seed material here rapidly degenerates. To avoid this, summer potatoes are planted. Irrigation ensures high and stable potato yields irrespective of weather conditions. Moisture content of soil during the period from planting potatoes to shoots should be maintained at the level of 65-70 per cent, in the budding and flowering phases - of 75-85 per cent and during the period from the beginning of wilting of potato tops – of 60-65 per cent. The number of irrigations, their terms and standards, are determined by taking into account soil-climatic conditions, the phase of plant development and the application area of a crop.<br />The most effective irrigation method is sprinkling. The irrigation norm ranges from 500 to 800 m3 per hectare. On irrigated lands, plowing of potato fields is carried out necessarily with a soil cultivator, preventing the formation of a plow pan. Rows are located across the slope, or angle-wise. After watering space between rows are loosened (on heavy soils also before watering). During irrigation process it is necessary to apply higher quantities of organic and mineral fertilizers and to carry out a set of measures to control weeds, pests and diseases of potatoes.<br /><br /></p>
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Dewi, Azri Kusuma, Hermanu Triwidodo, Muhammad Achmad Chozin, and Hajrial Aswidinnoor. "The effect of mixed cultivars plantings on pest abundance and grain yields in rice." Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia 15, no. 2 (April 8, 2019): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5994/jei.15.2.101.
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A field study was carried out to assess the effects of mixed cultivar plantings on grain yields and on the abundance of pests in rice. Increasing plantation species diversity through cultivar mixtures is often claimed to decrease pest problems while stabilizing or even increasing yield, but the effects on pest abundance of planting rice cultivar mixtures in Indonesia have not been extensively studied. We tested for changes in pest abundance in experimental plots planted with five genetically distinct rice cultivars, combined in two different mixture arrangements (seed mix and row mix). These mixes were cultivated in lowland paddy areas, in replicated randomized block designs, during two growing seasons. Pest abundance was measured weekly in all plots, and rice yields were measured at harvest time. The results showed that the average abundance of pests was reduced in plots planted with cultivar mixes, compared to those planted with monocrops comprised of each of the component cultivars. Plots planted with the seed mix showed consistently reduced brown plant-hopper (Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)) abundance compared to monocrops in each growing season, with a relative reduction in pest abundance of 29.83% at the end of season 1 and 6.61% at the end of season 2, respectively. Plots planted with the row mix consistently showed decreased stem borer abundance compared to monocrops in each growing season, with a relative reduction in pest abundance of 100% at the end of season 1 and 1.4% at the end of season 2, respectively. In terms of yield, plant height proved to be a consistent yield component character, correlating positively with plant yield for both seed mix and row mix in both growing seasons. Our results showed higher average yields –and plant heights--for the mixed genotype plots compared to pure genotype stands in 2013. We found a greater relative increase in the yield of seed mix plots than row mix, measuring 7.26% and 4.63%, respectively in 2013. Among the two types of mixtures, seed mix showed higher overall grain yield. Our findings suggest that rice farmers can both increase yield and decrease pest abundance by planting cultivar mixes.
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Mulyani, Prinsip Trisna, and Budi Waluyo. "Correlation Analysis Between Yield Component Traits and Yield of Watermelon Genotypes (Citrullus lanatus)." AGROSAINSTEK: Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pertanian 4, no. 1 (June 2, 2020): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/agrosainstek.v4i1.86.
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Watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunberg) Matsum & Nakai] is a plant that is widely cultivated and contains important nutritional compounds such as citrulline, arginine, and glutathione. In the last few years, the consumption of vegetables and fruits in Indonesia has tended to increase but cannot be fulfilled by domestic production. Yields are influenced by the character of yield components. This research aims to study the relationship between the character of the yield components on the yield in the watermelon. The study was arranged in augmented design and planting material are 75 watermelons genotypes and 3 checks varieties. The results showed that there are some characters of yield components that correlated with yields. The characters of yield components that have positive genetic correlation and positive phenotype correlation with fruit weight are stem length, number of branches, fruit stalk length, fruit length, fruit diameter, thickness of pericarp, number of seeds per plant, and weight of seeds per plant. The yield components characters that have a negative genetic correlation with fruit weight are day to flowering. The characters of yield components that have positive genetic and phenotype correlation with seed weight per plant are fruit weight, stem length, fruit length, fruit diameter, number of seeds per plant, seed length, and seed width. The Characters of yield components that have a negative genetic correlation with seed weight are day to flowering and the first female flower emerges. The characters of yield components that correlate with the yield are used as selection markers for indirect selection.
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Чекмарев, Петр, Petr Chekmarev, Константин Владимиров, Konstantin Vladimirov, Александр Кокров, and Aleksandr Kokrov. "PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF POTATO TUBERS ON IRRIGATED SOILS DEPENDING ON AGROTECHNIC CULTIVATION WAYS IN THE FOREST-STEPPE OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 12, no. 4 (March 15, 2018): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5a844870e59cd7.71464598.
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In modern conditions, one of the priority directions of potato growing is the selection of new highly productive varieties, resistant to the action of abiotic and biotic factors. When potatoes are cultivated, the optimization of mineral nutrition and the depth of planting of seed tubers is an important factor for obtaining sustainable yields. The experiments were laid on gray forest medium loamy granulometric composition of the soil of the forest steppe of the middle Volga region. It was established that the highest yield - 52.50 tons per hectare was formed when fertilizer doses (manure 50 tons per hectare + N135-153P135-145K179-184) were calculated for 50 tons per hectare of tubers, when planting to a depth of 8-10 cm. On tte background fertilization in a dose of manure 50 tons per hectare + N120P120K140 when planting at the same depth yield was 49.50 tons per hectare. On the variant with a planting to a depth of 6-8 cm, the yield of tubers was to 2.89 and 2.92 tons per hectare lower.
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Самаркин, Aleksey Samarkin, Самаркина, Marina Samarkina, Шашкаров, and Leonid Shashkarov. "Plants development, the leaf surface dynamics, the content of chlorophyll, net photosynthetic productivity, the coefficient of use of far, depending on the planting tubers depth." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 8, no. 3 (October 24, 2013): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1368.
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There are the following phenological phases since germination to maturity of the potato plant: sprouting, budding, flowering, start and stop foliage dying, that begins with a number of external morphological changes, associated with the formation of individual organs and parts of plants. The adopted in phenology plant phases development can be considered as objective evidence of these changes. The rate of formation of both vegetative organs, that perform essential functions of nutrition, respiration, water, synthesis and movement of substances in the body, and generative organs of reproduction are totals biological indicators, integrating the influence of the whole complex of environmental factors and hereditary nature of the organism. Of course, it affects the productivity of potato plants. Thus, planting depth significantly affects the growth, development and preservation of potato plants. The scheduled tuber yields were obtained in 2011 with the planting of potato tubers to a depth of 10-12 cm. Planting potatoes seed to a depth of 6-8 cm provides a higher yield of marketable tubers, this planting depth provides the most cost-effective outcome, regardless of the background of the power plants.
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Widdowson, F. V., R. J. Darby, A. M. Dewar, J. P. Jenkyn, B. R. Kerry, D. W. Lawlor, R. T. Plumb, et al. "The effects of sowing date and other factors on growth, yield and nitrogen uptake, and on the incidence of pests and diseases, of winter barley at rothamsted from 1981 to 1983." Journal of Agricultural Science 106, no. 3 (June 1986): 551–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600063437.
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SummaryMultifactorial experiments on winter barley cv. Igri grown after potatoes were made from 1981 to 1983 on silty clay loam soils at Rothamsted. All tested combinations of seven factors, each at two levels: with and without autumn pesticide (aldicarb), two sowing dates (September or October), with and without a fungicidal seed treatment (‘Baytan’), with and without spring and summer fungicides, two amounts of nitrogen, two times of applying nitrogen and with and without a growth regulator (‘Terpal’). Growth, development, yield, nitrogen uptake, pests and diseases were monitored. Sowing in September, fungicide sprays in spring and summer, and the growth regulator had the largest mean benefits on grain yield (+0·80, +0·56 and +0·34 t/ha respectively). Some factors interacted with sowing date; thus aldicarb, the fungicide sprays in spring and summer and the later timing of N all increased yield more on the September-than on the October-sown barley. The larger yields on the September-sown plots were associated with more ears/m2 (978 v. 744) and, in spite of fewer grains per ear (17·8 v. 20·1), more grains per m2 (17·6 v. 14·7 × 103), but lighter grains (39·2 v. 42·3 mg). The largest yields each year (ca. 8.0–8.5 t/ha) were obtained from September-sown barley fully protected from pests and from pathogens in spring and summer and given N in April rather than in March.The aphid vectors of barley yellow dwarf virus were sufficiently common and infective in two of the three autumns to infect the September-sown barley sufficiently that their control by aldicar b enhanced yield. Nematodes, slugs and dipterous stem borers were not numerous enough to be damaging in any year. Mildew in autumn was controlled by the seed treatment, but effects on yield were inconsistent. Mildew in spring and summer was more abundant on the October-than on the September-sown barley; it was controlled by fungicide sprays, which increased yield significantly each year. Leaf blotch was more abundant on the September-sown barley.
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Bietila, Eric, Erin M. Silva, Anne C. Pfeiffer, and Jed B. Colquhoun. "Fall-sown cover crops as mulches for weed suppression in organic small-scale diversified vegetable production." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 32, no. 4 (July 27, 2016): 349–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170516000259.
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AbstractCover crop-based reduced tillage (CCBRT) has achieved positive impacts in organic row crop systems, contributing to the conservation of soil resources and the facilitation of weed management. This technique, which uses cover crop residues as mulches to suppress weeds, has shown more variable success in organic vegetable production systems. This experiment examined CCBRT for small-scale organic vegetable production in the upper Midwestern USA, specifically evaluating weed suppression, labor inputs and crop yields. Cereal rye (Secale cerealeL.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) were fall-sown in 2012 and 2013 in a strip-plot design, including control treatments with no cover crop and spring-applied oat straw mulch. Cover crop plots were strip-tilled in mid-April to establish a planting zone, with cover crops terminated in late May at anthesis with a hand-tractor mounted sickle-bar mower. Bell peppers (Capsicum annuumL. var. ‘Revolution’), snap beans (Phaseolus vulgarisL. var. ‘Tavera’), and potatoes (Solanum tuberosumL. var. ‘Red La Soda’) were hand-planted either as transplants or seed in each treatment immediately following cover crop termination. During each summer growing season, weeds were completely eliminated from each plot by hand approximately every 10–14 days, with time for manual weeding recorded for each treatment. Vegetable crop yields and quality were measured at harvest during 2013 and 2014. Cereal rye and winter wheat produced similar biomass at the time of termination. Greater weed biomass was collected in the wheat treatment as compared with the cereal rye, increasing the in-season labor required for manual weeding. Bean yields were decreased in the all CCBRT treatments compared with control treatments in both years of the study. Pepper yields did not differ in CCBRT treatments as compared with the control in both 2012 and 2013, although the CCBRT treatments did yield lower marketable peppers compared with the straw mulch plots. Potato tuber yields were not different in the CCBRT treatments as compared with the control in 2012, but were lower in 2013. These data indicate that, if CCBRT is to be more widely adopted in small-scale vegetable production, further optimization of the system must be achieved to ensure consistent and adequate weed suppression while maintaining crop yield and quality.