Journal articles on the topic 'Seed pellet'
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Zamora, David L., and James P. Olivarez. "The Viability of Seeds in Feed Pellets." Weed Technology 8, no. 1 (March 1994): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x0003935x.
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Seed response to grinding in a hammer mill or extrusion through a pellet die was determined. Less than 1% of spotted knapweed, sulfur cinquefoil, timothy, and alfalfa seeds were intact after grinding to pass through a 1-mm screen. Intact seeds of all tested species except sulfur cinquefoil were able to germinate after grinding. Extruding unground alfalfa seed through a die to make hay pellets decreased viability 60 to 63%. After grinding and extrusion through a grain pellet die, 53% of intact alfalfa seeds in the pellets were viable. These data demonstrate that feed pellets can contain viable weed seeds.
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Selfiana, Selfiana, Kartika Manalu, and Rahmadina Rahmadina. "Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Benih Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio) Dengan Pemberian Pakan Kombinasi Pellet Dan Lemna (Lemna perpusilla) Di Balai Benih Ikan Kabupaten Langkat Kecamatan Bahorok." KLOROFIL: Jurnal Ilmu Biologi dan Terapan 5, no. 2 (September 13, 2021): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.30821/kfl:jibt.v5i2.9818.
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<p>This investigation means to decide the impact on the development of goldfish seeds when taken care of pellets, to decide the impact on the development of goldfish seeds when taken care of with Lemna, and to decide the impact on the development of goldfish seeds when taken care of with a blend of pellets and Lemna. The exploration was directed from March - June 2020, at the Fish Seed Center, Bahorok District, Dusun VI, Timbang Jaya Village. Taking care of treatment A (100% pellets without giving lemna), Treatment B (75% pellets and 25% lemna), Treatment C (25% pellets and 75% lemna), Treatment D (half pellet feed and half lemna), Treatment E (100% lemna without pellets). The outcomes showed that the mix of pellet and lemna feed with a proportion of half pellets and half lemna significantly affected outright development, supreme weight, every day development rate, feed transformation rate, endurance rate, and water nature of goldfish (<em>Cyprinus carpio</em>).</p>
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Taylor, A. G., D. H. Paine, and D. F. Grabe. "340 DETERMINATION OF WATER ACTIVITY AND MOISTURE CONTENT PROM PELLETED SEED." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 479c—479. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.479c.
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The purpose of this study was to develop a procedure to determine seed moisture content from intact pelleted seeds. Samples of `Sentinel' onion and `Salinas' lettuce were pelleted by the following companies; Asgrow, Germains (Seed Systems), Harris Moran, Incotec, Peto and Seed Dynamics. Physical characteristics of the various pellets were quantified including weight, volume and density. Measurements were made on intact pellets and densities ranged from 0.84 to 1.67 g/cc. Seed drying curves were obtained on the different pellets under controlled environmental conditions. Pellets were first equilibrated at 85% RH, and then dried at 25C and 18% RH. In general drying rates were similar among pellet types within crops. With regards to seed moisture content determination, neither the electronic moisture meter, based on measuring capacitance, nor oven methods were able to accurately measure seed moisture from intact pellets. Measurement of the head space RH from pre-equilibrated intact pellets (water activity) resulted in an accurate method to assess seed water status for all samples. The actual seed moisture content could be determined by using the moisture isotherms for each seed lot at a given temperature.
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Hill, H. J. "SEED PELLETING-HISTORY AND MODERN FUNDAMENTALS." HortScience 29, no. 12 (December 1994): 1408d—1408. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.12.1408d.
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The use and improvement of pelleted seed technology has greatly expanded in the last 15 years. Vegetable and flower seeds are pelleted to improve the singulation and planting placement in the field and greenhouse. Improved planting placement increases final-stand establishment, crop uniformity, and decreases seed and production costs. The commercial history of pelleted seed in the U.S. started after WWII with the development of the clay pellet by Filtrol Inc. Seed tablets and seed tape technologies were also developed but faded from the industry with the advent of better pelleted products. Current technology consists of a “splitting” seed pellet that allows for improved oxygenation. Improved technology also allows for pellet weights that can be tailored to meet the planting requirements of different species and planting systems.
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Gelissen, Ingrid C., and Martin A. Eastwood. "Taurocholic acid adsorption during non-starch polysaccharide fermentation: an in vitro study." British Journal of Nutrition 74, no. 2 (August 1995): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19950125.
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The association of radiolabelled taurocholic acid with the solid fraction of a faecal fermentation mixture was measured. A human faecal inoculum was incubated with [24-14C]taurocholic acid and several non-starch polysaccharide sources (pectin, wheat bran, ispaghula (Plantago ovata) husk and seed), glucose or a substrate-free control. Portions of fermentation mixture were taken at 0, 3, 6, 21 and 24 h and centrifuged to acquire a supernatant fraction and a pellet containing the fermentation residue. 14C was measured in supernatant fractions and pellets at all time points. Volatile fatty acids (VFA) were measured at 0 and 24 h to confirm bacterial growth. Radioactivity in the pellet increased over time for all substrates. Glucose resulted in the greatest incorporation of taurocholic acid into the pellet, followed by pectin. At 24 h the proportion of the total radioactivity found in the pellet was 92% for glucose, 79% for pectin, 60% for wheat bran, 59% for ispaghula seed, 53% for ispaghula husk and 26% for the control (mean of duplicates). Glucose and pectin produced the greatest quantity of VFA at 24 h. VFA production was highly correlated with radioactivity in the pellet (r 0·976, P <0·005). These results suggest that the bile acid binding capacity of a faecal culture mixture may be strongly influenced by the fermentability of the available substrate and hence related to bacterial metabolic activity.
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Fakhdian, Frara Efeseli, Abduh Ulim, and Tjut Chamzurni. "Kombinasi Beberapa Dosis dan Spesies Trichoderma Formulasi Pelet dalam Menekan Perkembangan Jamur Fusarium oxyporum f.sp capsici di Pembibitan Cabai Merah ( Capsicum annum L.)." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 3, no. 2 (April 8, 2020): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v3i2.7448.
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Abstrak:Cabai merah (Capsicum annum L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas hortikultura unggulan terbesar dari golongan sayur-sayuran karena memiliki harga jual yang tinggi. Disamping itu selain harga yang tinggi, di lapangan cabai merah sering mengalami gangguan dari mulai benih disemai sampai tanaman cabai menghasilkan, hal ini disebabkan penyakit tular tanah atau pun terbawa benih. Salah satu penyakit yang memprihatinkan pada tanaman cabai merah adalah penyakit layu yang disebabkan oleh jamur Fusarium oxysporum f.sp capsici,penyakit ini sering merugikan para petani, jika tanaman sudah terserang oleh penyakitini, kerugian bisa mencapai 80 % pada tanaman cabai merah. Salah satu alternatif yang digunakan dalam Pengendalian Hama dan Penyakit terpadu (PHPT) dengan menggunakan agensia Trichoderma formulasi pelet. Penelitian ini bertujuan agar mengetahui keefektifan Trichoderma Formulasi pelet dalam menekan penyakit Layu Fusarium yang disebabkan oleh Jamur Fusarium oxysporum f.sp capsici. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan Program Studi Proteksi Tanaman dan Rumah Kasa Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Unsyiah. Penelitian ini dimulai sejak bulan Agustus sampai Oktober 2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola non faktorial dengan 9 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan setiap perlakuan terdiri dari 5 unit polibag sehingga terdapat 135 unit polibag. Peubah yang diamati meliputi masa inkubasi, tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan persentase serangan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi pelet Trichoderma harzianum 2,5 g/polibagdan Trichoderma virens 2 g/polibag mampu memperlama masa inkubasi (Tidak terdapat gejala). Aplikasi pelet T. virens 1,5 g polibag dapat meningkatkan tinggi tanaman cabai merah sampai 16, 80 cm. Aplikasi pelet T. harzianum 1,5 g/polibag dapat mamacu pertumbuhan jumlah daun sebesar 9,07 helai. Aplikasi pelet T. harzianum 2,5 g/polibag dan T. virens formulasi pelet 2 g/polibag mampu menekan persentase serangan jamur Fusarium oxysporum f.sp capsici sebesar 13,68 % pada 35 hari setelah tanam.Combination of Several Doses and Species of Trichoderma Pellet Formulations In Suppressing Development Fungus of fusarium oxysporum f.sp capsici in Red Chili Breeding (Capsicum annum L.)Abstract : a red chili (Capsicum annum L.) is one of the largest superior horticultural commodity of vegetables, because it has a high selling price. Although it has high price, but in the field red chilli often disturbance from the seed sowing until the pepper plants produce, it is cause by soil contagion or even carried by seed. One of the most common diseases in red chili plants is the wilting disease cause of the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp capsici. It often detrimental of the farmers if the plants have been attacked by Fusarium wilt disease, the loss could reach out about 80% in red chili plants. One of the alternative to Integrated Pest and Disease Control (PHPT) is using the Trichoderma pellet formulation agent. The reasearch purpose to determine of the effectiveness Trichoderma Formulation of pellets in suppressing Fusarium Lung disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp capsici. The research has been conducted in Plant Disease Laboratory of Plant Protection Study Program and home srceen Experimental Garden of Agriculture Faculty Unsyiah. The research was started since August to October 2017. The research uses Completely Randomized Design (RAL) non factorial pattern with 9 treatments and 3 replications each treatment consists of 5 units of polybags so that there are 135 units of polybags. The variable observed included incubation period, plant height, number of leaves and percentage of attacks. Results of the research showed that the application of Trichoderma harzianum pellet 2.5 g / polybag and Trichoderma virens 2 g / polybag was able to prolong the incubation period. Application of T. virens pellet 1.5 g polybags can increase the height of red pepper plants up to 16, 80 cm. Application of pellets T. harzianum 1.5 g / polybags can spure growth of leaves amounted to 9.07 strands. The application of T. harzianum pellet 2.5 g / polybag and T. virens pellet 2 g / polybag formulation was able to suppress the percentage of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp capsici attack by 13.68% at 35 days after planting.
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Nardon, E., A. Matsuyama, D. Hu, and F. Wieschollek. "Post-thermal-quench shattered pellet injection for runaway electron seed depletion in ITER." Nuclear Fusion 62, no. 2 (December 16, 2021): 026003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ac3ac6.
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Abstract The possibility of using shattered pellet injection after the thermal quench of an ITER disruption in order to deplete runaway electron (RE) seeds before they can substantially avalanche is studied. Analytical and numerical estimates of the required injection rate for shards to be able to penetrate into the forming RE beam and stop REs are given. How much material could be assimilated before the current quench (CQ) becomes too short is also estimated. It appears that, if hydrogen pellets were used, the required number of pellets to be injected during the CQ would be prohibitive, at least considering the present design of the ITER disruption mitigation system (DMS). For neon or argon, the required number of pellets, although large, might be within reach of the ITER DMS, but the assimilated fraction would have to be very small in order not to shorten the CQ excessively. This study suggests that other injection schemes, based for example on small tungsten pellets coated with a low Z material, may be worth exploring as an option for an upgrade of the ITER DMS.
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Heendeniya, R. G., D. A. Christensen, D. D. Maenz, J. J. McKinnon, and P. Yu. "Utilization of canola seed fractions for ruminants: effect of canola fibre-protein and can-sugar inclusion in dehydrated alfalfa pellets on palatability and lactation performance of dairy cows." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 90, no. 2 (June 1, 2010): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas09085.
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This research evaluated the effect of fibre-protein and can-sugar additions to dehydrated alfalfa pellets on feed acceptance, lactation performance, dry matter intake and apparent dry matter digestibility of dairy cows compared with a standard (pure) alfalfa pellet. The results showed that a two:one ratio of fibre-protein to can-sugar mixture can be added at 150 g kg-1 to a standard alfalfa pellet without affecting the palatability and lactation performance of dairy cows, when the alfalfa pellets are included at 50 g kg-1 (as fed basis) of a total mixed ration (TMR). Key words: Canola fractions, fibre-protein, can-sugar, palatability, lactation performances, dairy cows
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Islama, Dini, and Nurul Najmi. "EVALUASI PERTUMBUHAN BENIH PATIN (Pangasius hypophthalmus) YANG DIBERI PAKAN TAMBAHAN CACING SUTRA (Tubifex sp.)." JURNAL PERIKANAN TROPIS 6, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.35308/jpt.v6i2.2184.
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This study aimed to evaluate of patin seed (Pangasius hypothalamus) that is given Tubifex sp. as additional feed. The experiment design was used completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications. The treatments studied were 100 % pellet without the addition of Tubifex sp. (A), 95 % pellet with the addition of Tubifex sp. 5 % (B), 90 % pellet with the addition of Tubifex sp. 10 % (C) and 85 % pellet with the addition of Tubifex sp. 15 % (D). Patin seed stocking density was 1 individu/l with the length of 3-4 cm and weight of 0,15-0,28 g. The culture period for one cycle of fish farming was 40 days. The ANOVA test showed commercial feeding with the addition of Tubifex sp. as additional feed gave the significant effect on the specific of growth rate, length and feed conversion ratio, but did not give the significant effect on survival rate of patin seed. The best dose to increase the growth of catfish seeds is 85% commercial feeding with the addition of Tubifex sp. 15%.
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Hadinoto, Hadinoto, Eni Suhesti, and Eno Suwarno. "PEMANFAATAN BIJI KARET DAN LIMBAH IKAN PATIN SEBAGAI BAHAN PEMBUATAN PAKAN IKAN, PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR DAN PAKAN UNGGAS." Wahana Forestra: Jurnal Kehutanan 12, no. 1 (January 16, 2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/forestra.v12i1.195.
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Rubber trees planted by people in several districts of Riau province, among them the Kampar regency. Rubber seed that has not valuable feed source can be used for one of them is a main ingredient of fish feed. In addition to rubber seed, Tower Island Village also produces waste Patin fish entrails. The waste generated from the business community to make smoked fish Patin. During this time the waste is dumped in waterways around residences. Problems IbM partners: 1) Partners have the willingness to do busine ss, but do not have the knowledge and skills in the field of production, 2) Partners do not have knowledge in aspects of business management, which is a way of packaging, marketing, and business analysis calculations. Solutions are performed: training and assistance for people with the target communities to utilize the waste around them. Outputs from this IbM activities include: 1) The method of making rubber seed flour; 2) Method of making the feed / fish pellet made from rubber seed flour; 3) The method o f making a liquid organic fertilizer from waste fish entrails catfish; 4) Method of manufacture of poultry feed from catfish waste; 5) rubber seed flour; 6) Feed / fish pellet; 7) liquid organic fertilizer; 8) feed poultry. Mitra has begun to open wawasany a in utilizing waste rubber seed and catfish after receiving an explanation from the team. Partners receive initial skills in the utilization of fish waste and rubber seeds to manufacture pellets of fish, organic liquid fertilizer and poultry feed.
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Jin, Yea-Jung, Han-Jin Jeong, Soo-Young Kim, Seong-Hyun Cho, Jin-Hwan Lee, and Du-Hyun Kim. "Pelleting of Physical Dormancy Small-Seeded Species in Astragalus sikokianus Nakai." Agronomy 13, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13010206.
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Astragalus sikokianus is a rare Japanese perennial of the seashore that was reported to be extinct in the wild. The small seed size and deep dormancy of A. sikokianus make it difficult for direct seeding restoration in aspects of seed handling, transport, planting, and seedling establishment. For the large-scale economic restoration of dormant small-seeded species, seed pelleting combined with the breaking of dormancy was studied. Physiological (prechilling and plant hormones) and physical (hot water, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid) seed dormancy break treatments were evaluated. The dormant broken seeds were used for pelleting. The effects of the substrate, pellet sizes, and their interactions on germination were measured. The scarification of five rubs of seeds placed between sandpapers completely broke the physical dormancy of A. sikokianus. Seed coat impermeability inhibited germination. Pelleted seeds ranging from 2.0 to 4.0 mm in diameter showed more than 90% germination on filter paper. The germination of the pelleted seeds was measured in commercial, field, and sand soil conditions. The highest germination was shown in sand (70–74% GP), regardless of the pellet size, whereas unpelleted scarified seeds germinated only 48%. These results suggest that small-seeded species with physical dormancy can be used for seed-based restoration after seed pelleting.
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Cruz Da Silva, A. V., E. S. Seixas, S. Vanzolini, D. P. Vitoria, and T. J. D. Rodriguez. "LETTUCE PELLET SEED GERMINATION ON SALINE STRESS CONDITIONS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 607 (May 2003): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2003.607.3.
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Mohamed, N., A. Mariod, S. Yagoub, and Y. Dagash. "Effect of irrigation intervals and fertilizers on chemical composition, minerals and fatty acids of safflower (Carthamus Tinctorius L.) seed." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 61, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.61.2013.3.6.
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The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different irrigation intervals (every 7 and every 14 days) and fertilizers (farmyard manure, pellet granules and urea) on the composition of safflower seed and its oil stability. Fertilizers have a significant effect on the carbohydrate, fat, ash and protein contents of safflower seed oil. Pellet granules slightly increased the carbohydrate content, while farmyard manure increased the fat and oil contents of safflower seed oil. On the other hand, urea and farmyard manure increased the fibre content compared with pellets, which slightly decreased it. Irrigation every 7 days increased the protein content. Farmyard manure significantly (P < 0.05) increased the mineral content (iron, potassium and calcium). The use of FTIR spectroscopy revealed that the period of storage significantly (P < 0.05) affects oil stability. The peak intensities (absorbencies) recorded for oil stored at zero time changed after storage for 1, 2 and 3 days, indicating a clear effect of storage time on the oil, and the bands 3008, 2923, 2854, 1747, 1654, 1463, 1377, 1238, 1163, 1099 and 723 exhibited a clear decrease in the intensity of the individual group vibrations, indicating a decrease in oil stability.
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Satchell, Felicia B., Verneal R. Bruce, Geraldine Allen, Wallace H. Andrews, and Harriet R. Gerber. "Microbiological Survey of Selected Imported Spices and Associated Fecal Pellet Specimens." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 72, no. 4 (July 1, 1989): 632–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/72.4.632.
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Abstract A microbiological survey was performed on 4 selected imported spices: black peppercorns, white peppercorns, coriander, and fennel seed. Aerobic plate count values ranged from 104 to 107 colonyforming units (CFU)/g for black and white peppercorns and from 103 to 105 CFU/g for coriander and fennel seed. Combined results of the 3-tube most probable number procedure and the API 20E kit indicated the presence of Escherichia coli in 4 test samples of black peppercorns, 1 test sample of white peppercorns, and 1 test sample of coriander. Two test samples of black peppercorns were positive for Salmonella contamination. Among the various Enterobacteriaceae isolated from the spices, Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella pneumoniae were found most frequently in all spice types. Of 18 mammalian and avian fecal pellets removed from the spices and analyzed microbiologically, E. coli was found in only 2 pellet specimens. There was no apparent relationship between the enteric microflora found in spices and those found in the fecal pellets.
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Islama, Dini, Farah Diana, Sry Yunanda, Fazril Saputra, Citra Dina Febrina, and Zulfadhli Zulfadhli. "UJI EFEKTIVITAS PEMBERIAN MINYAK KEMIRI (Aleurites moluccanus) PADA PAKAN KOMERSIAL TERHADAP TINGKAT KONVERSI PAKAN DAN EFISIENSI PAKAN IKAN BILEH (Rasbora sp.)." Jurnal Akuakultura Universitas Teuku Umar 4, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35308/ja.v4i2.3458.
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The objective of the present study was to evaluate the giving candlenut oil (aleurites moluccanus) in commercial feed on feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency of bileh fish (Rasbora sp.). Thecompletely randomized design method was used in this study with four treatments and three replications. The treatments studied were pellet without the giving candlenut oil (P0), pellet with the giving candlenut oil 5%/kg of feed (P1), pellet with the giving candlenut oil 10%/kg of feed (P2) and pellet with the giving candlenut oil 15%/kg of feed (P3). Bileh fish seed stocking density was 1 individu/l with the length of 3,5-4 cm and weight of 0,61-0,86 g. The culture period of fish farming was 40 days. The ANOVA test showed that the commercial feed with the giving candlenut oil gave significant effect on feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency, specific growth rate of bileh fish (Rasbora sp.), but did not give significant effect on survival rate of bileh fish seed. The best dose to increase feed efficiency and low feed conversion ratio of bileh fish seed is pellet with the giving candlenut oil 15%/kg of feed (P3).
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Bakrie, Restu, and Bambang Sulistiyarto. "Utilization of Durian Durio Zibethinus seed flour and Kelakai Stenochlaena palustris leaf flour formulation as feed for Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus." International journal of chemical & material sciences 5, no. 1 (December 5, 2022): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/ijcms.v5n1.2034.
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Small-scale fish farmers have financial limitations to buy expensive commercial pellets to meet fish feed needs. Therefore, it is necessary to find alternative feeds that are cheap and able to support fish growth. Durian seeds (Durio Zibethinus) and Kelakai leaves (Stenochlaena palustris) are potential plant materials for additional fish feed which are abundant in Central Kalimantan Province. This study aims to determine whether additional feed formulations made from durian seed meal andelakai leaf meal can provide significant growth in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) rearing. The study used an experimental approach with a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 3 replications. The feed formulation is a mixture of pellets with 95% durian seed meal and 5% melakai leaf meal. Additional feeding is based on the following treatment: Treatment A, given commercial feed made by the factory brand MS prima Feed 1000 as much as 5% of the total weight of the fish kept, Treatment B: given formulated feed (90% pellets + 10% durian seed flour and kelakai leaf flour) as much as 5% of the total weight per day, Treatment C: given formulated feed (95% pellets + 5% mixture of durian seed flour and kelakai leaf flour) as much as 5% of the total fish weight per day. The results showed that the feeding of pellet formulations with durian seed flour and kelakai leaf flour as much as 10 % of body weight per day resulted in the highest growth in length and weight of fish. Thus durian seed flour and Kelakai leaf flour can be used as additional feed for Nile tilapia to help increase fish growth and reduce fish feed costs.
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Papp, Viktória, Sándor Beszédes, and Dóra Szalay. "Mechanical and energy examination of different agripellets." Analecta Technica Szegedinensia 13, no. 1 (June 25, 2019): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2019.1.40-47.
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As an indirect consequence of climate change, the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, the energy utilization of agricultural by-products will be increasingly emphasized in the future. Hungary has a large potential of agricultural residues of which is a big part could be used for energy purposes. Common feature of this by-products is that thay are originally difficult to handle and they have a small bulk density. Pellet production is one possible way to utilization, however the high ash content and low ash melting point cause problems in pellet burner equipments. Mixtures of different plant residues (wheat straw, rape seed stem, sunflower husk) and agripellets have different energetic and mechanical properties. Besides high ash content and low ash softening temperature, mechanical properties can also significantly affect the quality of pellets as well as the efficiency of firing. There were also significant differences in diameter, length, bulk density and mechanical durability of pellets.
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Lee, Sang Heon. "Microstructure Characteristics of YBa2Cu3O7-y Nanocomposite by Shortening the Manufacturing Process." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 6703–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.18777.
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In this study, YBCO bulk was produced using two seeds by placing an additional seed on the upper pellet of the sample fabricated with the ISMG process. It was confirmed that the upper and lower pellets consisting of a–b sector showed a higher number of Y211 particles than those consisting of a–c sector, and that the same tendency appeared at a spot where different interfaces existed. This can be most clearly compared at the center. Finally, it was found that although minimizing the growth of a–c sector is an important goal for fabricating superconducting bulk magnets with high material properties, it is necessary to minimize the size of areas where different interfaces appear. It can be seen that the number of Y211 particles is the smallest inside the boundary surface, and that although they occupied a relatively smaller surface area, large particles agglomerated together.
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Cui, Xuyang, Junhong Yang, Xinyu Shi, Wanning Lei, Tao Huang, and Chao Bai. "Pelletization of Sunflower Seed Husks: Evaluating and Optimizing Energy Consumption and Physical Properties by Response Surface Methodology (RSM)." Processes 7, no. 9 (September 3, 2019): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7090591.
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Pelletization is a significant approach for the efficient utilization of biomass energy. Sunflower seed husk is a common solid waste in the process of oil production. The novelty of this study was to determine the parameters during production of a novel pellet made from sunflower seed husk. The energy consumption (W) and physical properties (bulk density (BD) and mechanical durability (DU)) of the novel pellet were evaluated and optimized at the laboratory by using a pelletizer and response surface methodology (RSM) under a controlled moisture content (4%–14%), compression pressure (100–200 MPa), and die temperature (70–170 °C). The results show that the variables of temperature, pressure, and moisture content of raw material are positively correlated with BD and DU. Increasing the temperature and moisture content of raw materials can effectively reduce W, while increasing the pressure has an adverse effect on W. The optimum conditions of temperature (150 °C), pressure (180 MPa), and moisture content (12%) led to a BD of 1117.44 kg/m3, DU of 98.8%, and W of 25.3 kJ/kg in the lab. Overall, although the nitrogen content was slightly high, the novel manufactured pellets had excellent performance based on ISO 17225 (International Organization for Standardization of 17225, Geneva, Switzerland, 2016). Thus, sunflower seed husk could be considered as a potential feedstock for biomass pelletization.
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Jun Sheng Teh, Yew Heng Teoh, Mohamad Yusof Idroas, and Heoy Geok How. "Estimation of Higher heating Value of Biomass from Proximate and Ultimate Analysis: A Novel Approach." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 94, no. 2 (May 24, 2022): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.94.2.99109.
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Biomass is the organic matter formed by photosynthesis that occurs on the earth’s surface. They contain all forms of waste compost, including urban solid waste, municipal bio solids, animal wastes, forestry and agricultural wastes, and some industrial wastes. Efficient use of biomass oil would aid in the resolution of issues caused by fossil fuels. However, the biggest issue about using this energy is due to the gas composition of biomass material. As a result, properties of biomass are the critical parameter for assessing the fuel content of a special biomass substance in energetic applications. Gasification is the most mature thermo-chemical conversion technique available among the various methods of transforming biomass materials to bio resources. In this context, proximate and ultimate analysis has been used to classify two groups of biomass material that carry out in this experiment. The proximate analysis results have been obtained by the TGA technique while the ultimate analysis results will obtain by the GC mechanism. Then, based on the proximate analysis data various empirical equations containing linear and nonlinear terms were evaluated in order to predict the higher heating values (HHV) of the entire sample range. Since, the biomasses used in this analysis have different properties and fuel characteristics, the estimated HHV for the wood pellet sample are between 15.33 and 19.71 MJ/kg, while the rubber seed sample is between 15.18 and 18.64 MJ/kg. According to the experimental findings, the HHV of wood pellet is at around 2.95 MJ/Nm3 while the HHV of rubber seed of about 4.99MJ/Nm3. The comparison on the theoretical analysis have been show 0.19% compared to the results on wood pellet while the rubber seed have at around 2.07% difference compare each other. The experimental results on wood pellets, the findings reveal a 15.35% difference, while rubber seed indicates a 13.81% difference. Nonetheless, the finding and analysis on the properties, the results can be considered within reasonable limits.
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Yang, Chia-Ming, Chia-Hao Liu, Bo-Xiani Chen, Chin-Wei Chang, and In-Gann Chen. "Pellet-buffered film seed to grow single grain bulk YBCO." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 100, no. 11 (July 10, 2017): 5038–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jace.15050.
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Luo, Xin, Ping Gu, and Xue Wang. "Study on Treatment of Radioactive Wastewater by Pellet Method." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 2875–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.2875.
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A pellet method was used to treat the radioactive wastewater in the paper. Calcium carbonate powders were used to prepare seeds, sodium carbonate was used as the chemical precipitant and the natural isotope of strontium (88Sr) was used instead of 90Sr. The strontium element was removed by forming compacted crystal particles on the seeds. The impact of temperature on seed preparation and the effect of the process were studied. After 30 cycles of operation, the calcium carbonate powders grew to larger particles and the effluent turbidity and hardness maintained stable. Therefore it was enough for 30 cycles to complete the preparation of the seeds. When the seeds were used to treat the strontium wastewater, the effluent turbidity was initially high and then declined quickly. The average effluent turbidity was 0.51NTU. The mean hardness removal efficiency was 55.24%. The strontium removal rate fluctuated and the average removal efficiency was 97.36%. Ferric chloride coagulation and micro-filtration would enhance the effect of strontium removal. The average removal efficiency could be up to 99%. The formation of pellets enhanced the sedimentation performance of the precipitates formed. The mixture was kept quiescent for 24h after the test was over. The chemical sludge concentration factor was more than 5000.
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Peske, Fabrício Becker, and Ana Dionisia L. C. Novembre. "Pearl millet seed pelleting." Revista Brasileira de Sementes 33, no. 2 (2011): 352–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-31222011000200018.
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The pearl millet seed is small and its size varies, making sowing more difficult. The pelleting technique increases and homogenizes seed size, but it is essential to determine the physical and physiological characteristics of pelleted seeds. The physiological analysis consisted of: first germination count, final germination, speed emergence index, and seedling emergence. Physical analysis consisted of determining the 1000-seed weight, 1000-seed volume and fragmentation. The control treatment did not receive any coating, and the other 36 treatments combined four binders: bentonite, polyvinyl acetate (PVA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and methyl cellulose (Methocel®), and nine powder coating products: microcellulose, plaster, vermiculite, magnesium thermophosphate (Yoorin®), phytic acid, dicalcium phosphate, super simple phosphate (SS), monoamonic phosphate (MAP) and reactive phosphate. Among the materials used to form the pearl millet pellet, the most efficient binders were the polyvinyl acetate and the methyl cellulose, and as coaters, the vermiculite and the microcellulose.
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Islama, Dini, Nurhatijah Nurhatijah, Ismi Rahmi, Yusran Ibrahim, Fazril Saputra, and Sufal Diansyah. "APLIKASI KOMBINASI TEPUNG DAUN GAMAL DAN TELUR PADA PAKAN KOMERSIAL TERHADAP KUALITAS PAKAN DAN EFISIENSI PAKAN IKAN NILA NIRWANA (Oreochromis niloticus)." Jurnal Akuakultura Universitas Teuku Umar 4, no. 2 (October 10, 2020): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.35308/ja.v4i2.3526.
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The objective of the present study was to evaluate the application of a combination of gamal leaf flour and eggs in commercial feed on the feed quality and feed efficiency of nirwana tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The completely randomized design method was used in this study with four treatments and four replications. The treatments studied were pellet without application of combination of gamal leaf flour and eggs (P0), pellet with combination gamal leaf flour 10 % / kg of feed and eggs (P1), pellet with combination gamal leaf flour 15 % / kg of feed and eggs (P2) and pellet with combination gamal leaf flour 20 % / kg of feed and eggs (P3). Nirwana tilapia fish seed stocking density was 1 individu/l with the length of 3-4 cm. The culture period of fish farming was 50 days. The ANOVA test showed that the commercial feed with the application of a combination of gamal leaf flour and eggs gave significant effect on the feed efficiency and specific growth rate of nirwana tilapia. The highest feed protein content was obtained in the P1 treatment of 30.17%. The smell of feed produced in all treatments tended to be strong and brown. The durability of feed in water which was almost close to control was treatment P1. The best dose to increase feed quality, feed efficiency and of nirwana tilapia seed is pellet with combination gamal leaf flour 10 % / kg of feed and eggs (P1).
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NAKAZONO, Takahiro, Natsuki HISAOKA, Chinobu OKAMOTO, Yoshio KANEKO, and Kiyotaka KABATA. "Development of Environmental-Friendly Restoration Technology-Effectiveness of Colloidal-seed Pellet-." Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment 31, no. 10 (2008): 621–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2965/jswe.31.621.
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Pile, Lauren S., Geofeng Geoff Wang, Robert Polomski, Greg Yarrow, and Claire M. Stuyck. "Potential for Nonnative Endozoochorous Seed Dispersal by White-Tailed Deer in a Southeastern Maritime Forest." Invasive Plant Science and Management 8, no. 1 (March 2015): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-14-00027.1.
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AbstractNonnative invasive plants (NNIP) have far-reaching effects on native ecosystems worldwide. Understanding the role of generalist seed dispersers in spreading NNIP across the landscape is important to the conservation of native ecosystems and to the management of NNIP. We studied white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) as a seed disperser in a mixed maritime pine (Pinus spp.) forests on Parris Island, SC, with particular interest in the dispersal of Chinese tallowtree [Triadica sebifera (L.) Small], a highly invasive tree species in the southeastern United States, which is a management concern on Parris Island, SC. We collected deer scat pellet groups along transects in two forest types: those that had recently been treated with silvicultural timber harvest (thinned) and those that have not been so treated (unthinned). Using two pellet-treatment methods, directly planting or rinsing and sorting, we determined that, out of 25 species grown under greenhouse conditions, 28% (n = 7) were nonnative, small-seeded, herbaceous species. However, T. sebifera was not identified in either of the two treatment methods. Recent forest thinning significantly affected the number of species determined in deer pellet groups (F = 8.37; df = 1; P < 0.01), with more native plant species identified in unthinned (x̄ = 25 ± 11) than in thinned (x̄ = 3 ± 10) forest stands (F = 5.33; df = 1; P = 0.02). Our results indicate that white-tailed deer are actively dispersing nonnative seeds but not those of T. sebifera or other woody NNIP.
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Pranata, Cahya Adi, Agustiansyah Agustiansyah, Paul Benyamin Timotiwu, and Eko Pramono. "Pelleting tidak Menghambat Perkecambahan Benih Padi Sawah (Oriza sativa L.)." JURNAL AGROTROPIKA 21, no. 2 (October 7, 2022): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/ja.v21i2.6177.
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The stages of seeding paddy rice seeds before planting require more time, cost, and labor than seeds that are planted directly without the seeding stage. Pelleting is an alternative technology in planting small-sized rice seeds without going through the seeding stage. This study aims to determine the effect of pelleting on the germination of paddy rice seeds. This experiment is a non-factorial experiment consisting of 9 treatments and repeated 3 times in a Randomized Block Design (RBD). The nine treatments were: (P0) No pellets, (P1) Clay + CMC + Dolomite 4 g, (P2) Clay + CMC + Dolomite 12 g, (P3) Clay + AG + Chalk 4 g, (P4) Clay + AG + Chalk 12 g, (P5) Clay + CMC + Mycorrhizae, (P6) Clay + AG + Mycorrhizae, (P7) Clay + CMC + Trichoderma, (P8) Clay + AG + Trichoderma. The data obtained were analyzed for variance and performed with the Honest Significant Difference (HSD)test using the R-studio statistical program. The results showed that the pelleting technique did not inhibit rice seed germination as indicated by the variables of germination, time of emergence of plumules, speed of germination, vigor index, normal germination root length, normal germination colept length, normal germination wet weight, normal germination dry weight. This means that clay can be used as a filler, Carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC) and Arabic gum (AG) as an adhesive and microorganisms (mycorrhizae and trichoderma) can be added as seed pellet material
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Alfonzetti, Matthew, Sebastien Doleac, Charlotte H. Mills, Rachael V. Gallagher, and Sasha Tetu. "Characterizing Effects of Microbial Biostimulants and Whole-Soil Inoculums for Native Plant Revegetation." Microorganisms 11, no. 1 (December 24, 2022): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010055.
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Soil microbes play important roles in plant health and ecosystem functioning, however, they can often be disturbed or depleted in degraded lands. During seed-based revegetation of such sites there is often very low germination and seedling establishment success, with recruitment of beneficial microbes to the rhizosphere one potential contributor to this problem. Here we investigated whether Australian native plant species may benefit from planting seed encapsulated within extruded seed pellets amended with one of two microbe-rich products: a commercial vermicast extract biostimulant or a whole-soil inoculum from a healthy reference site of native vegetation. Two manipulative glasshouse trials assessing the performance of two Australian native plant species (Acacia parramattensis and Indigofera australis) were carried out in both unmodified field-collected soil (trial 1) and in the same soil reduced in nutrients and microbes (trial 2). Seedling emergence and growth were compared between pelleted and bare-seeded controls and analyzed alongside soil nutrient concentrations and culturable microbial community assessments. The addition of microbial amendments maintained, but did not improve upon, high levels of emergence in both plant species relative to unamended pellets. In trial 1, mean time to emergence of Acacia parramattensis seedlings was slightly shorter in both amended pellet types relative to the standard pellets, and in trial 2, whole-soil inoculum pellets showed significantly improved growth metrics. This work shows that there is potential for microbial amendments to positively affect native plant emergence and growth, however exact effects are dependent on the type of amendment, the plant species, and the characteristics of the planting site soil.
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ANDREEV, SERGEY A. "DETERMINING THE OPERATING PARAMETERS OF THE BELT-TYPE SEED PELLETIZER." Agricultural engineering, no. 3 (2022): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/2687-1149-2022-3-27-32.
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Conventional methods of seed pelleting involve using pelletizers with a drum-type working unit. In these devices, pelleting is carried out in a cyclic mode, which makes operational restrictions and complicates the use of pelletizers in the technological line of complex pre-sowing seed treatment. The authors evaluate the effectiveness of belt-type pelleting machines ensuring the continuity of pelleting and significantly increasing the performance. The paper provides some basic requirements to continuous seed pelletizing. The conditions are determined to describe the pellets rolling down the inclined surface of the moving conveyor belt. Consequently, the analytical relationship is established between the inclination angle of the pelletizer belt and the friction coefficient, the pellet diameter and speed of their forward movement along the conveyor belt. The main operating parameters of the belt pelletizer are determined – length, speed, and the inclination angle of the conveyor belt. The obtained mathematical expressions are universal, since they allow analyzing the working parameters of the pelletizers when processing crop seeds with different initial size, weight, and tribotechnical properties. When studying the movement of the coated seeds along the moving belt of the inclined conveyor, the friction force acting on them, the reaction force of the support, the authors took into account the rolling force and the gravity force. Based on the analogy of the translational movement of seeds along an inclined plane to their movement along the inner surface of the drum of an infinitely large radius, the authors established the numerical values of the parameters of continuous pelleting. The paper finishes with a conclusion about possible reducing the dimensions of the belt-type pelletizer. The estimated length of the working area of the conveyor belt is suggested to be the sum of the lengths of several belts inclined to the ground in different planes.
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Batista, Vanessa Aparecida Pereira, Henrique Duarte Vieira, José Inácio Coelho Pires, and Laísa Zanelato Correia. "Physical-physiological quality and early performance of sorghum plants under different boron doses via seed." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 42, no. 6 (August 12, 2021): 3185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n6p3185.
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Boron (B) deficiency is commonly found in tropical crops, among which sorghum stands out for its limited yield under B shortage. However, as a micronutrient, the range between its adequate and toxic levels is narrow, thus fertilization should be cautiously applied. Our goal was to evaluate the physiological and physical quality, as well as early performance, of grain sorghum seedlings under different B doses applied via seeds. Treatments consisted of six doses of boric acid (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, and 12.5 g Kg-1 seeds) plus a control (uncoated seeds). Boron doses were applied to seeds by coating, in which dolomitic limestone and glue were used for pellet formation. Coated seeds were assessed for physical, physiological, and nutritional characteristics in the laboratory, and early seedling performance was evaluated in a greenhouse. Seed tests were carried out in a fully randomized design, while seedling evaluations were carried out in a randomized block design. Boron application to seeds had no significant effect on seed physical characteristics, despite increases in coated seed sizes. Boron doses had a negative effect on the length and dry mass accumulation of both plant shoot and root. Seed-applied B accumulated mainly in roots and significantly interfered with Ca and Mg accumulations in sorghum seeds, shoots, and roots.
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H., Pardeshi M., Deshmukh A. A., and Gajare K. A. "RUELLIA TUBEROSA LINN. ACTS AS ANTI-FERTILITY AGENT THAT REDUCES SPERM COUNT, MOTILITY AND VIABILITY IN MALE SWISS ALBINO MICE (MUS-MUSCULUS)." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research 9, no. 1 (December 31, 2016): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2017v9i1.16627.
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Objective: Fertility control is an issue of global public health. Many of the contraceptives available today have one or the other side effects. Many plants and plant products are suggested as contraceptives in folk and traditional systems of medicine. However, that are least exploited in this regard. In the present investigation, root powder of Ruellia tuberosa was studied for its effect on male reproduction in mice.Methods: The Swiss albino mice, Mus musculus of age three months were grouped into four, i)control group, fed on standard pellet, ii)experimental groups I and II received root powder of Ruellia tuberosa 50 mg/mouse/days for 15 d and 30 d respectively in the pellets, iii)positive control groups I and II received cotton seed oil 25 µl/mouse/day for 15 and 30 d and iv)recovery group received Ruellia tuberosa (50 mg/mouse/days) containing pellets for 15 d and later standard pellet for 15 d. Cauda epididymis sperm suspension was analyzed for sperm count, motility and viability.Results: There was a highly significant decrease in sperm count, motility and viability (p<0.001) in experimental groups I and II and positive control groups I and II. The sperm count was reduced to 19.24±1.74 million/ml and 15.97±5.61 million/ml as compared to sperm count in control group (55.12±4.63 million/ml) in experimental groups. Partial reversal of the effect was noticed in a recovery group.Conclusion: The results suggest that Ruellia tuberosa can be a potent member of reversible oral male contraceptives.
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Webb, D. R., A. G. Taylor, M. L. Hessney, and C. J. Eckenrode. "Onion Maggot Control with Trigard Seed Treatments, 1992." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 18, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.137.
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Abstract Two experiments were planted 4 May in muck soil near Prattsburg, New York, on Franjo Farms. Treatments were single rows, 30 ft long, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Germination and damage data were recorded from the center 20 ft of each row. All treated seeds were sown and seed-furrow treatments of insecticides were applied using a hand-pushed cone seeder that planted 9 seeds/ft and delivered 75 gal of water/acre through a gravity-fed system based on a 15 inch row width. Trigard 75 WP was applied to the seed either by pelleting or film coating. Pelleted treatments were applied by mixing Trigard 75 WP with 140 mesh sand and coating it using a copper pan treater and air brush. Progrow (Vitavax and Thiram) was included in the pellet for each specified seed treatment at the rate of 25 g of formulation/kg of seed and Dithane (F45) applied in the furrow with the Lorsban drenches at 2.4 qts formulation/acre for control of onion smut, Urocystis cepulae. Film treatments were applied by suspending Trigard 75 WP in a 15% soln of Opadry F (Colorcon Co.) and then spraying the seeds. Progrow was applied during the film-coating procedure.
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Gemell, L. G., E. J. Hartley, and D. F. Herridge. "Point-of-sale evaluation of preinoculated and custom-inoculated pasture legume seed." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 3 (2005): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03151.
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During 1999–2003, 293 samples of preinoculated and custom-inoculated lucerne, subterranean clover, white clover, red clover and miscellaneous species (mainly other clovers) were sourced from commercial outlets and assessed for numbers of rhizobia, seed pellet pH and toxicity, and nodulation in a ‘grow-out’ test. Average rhizobial counts were 8400/seed for preinoculated lucerne, 1380/seed for subterranean clover and <100/seed for white and red clovers and for the miscellaneous species. These counts compared poorly with the average counts of 35 100/seed, 13 800/seed and 10 000/seed for freshly-inoculated lucerne, subterranean clover and white clover, respectively. Thus, overall pass rates of the preinoculated seed were reasonable for lucerne (73%), marginal for subterranean clover (32%) and very low for white clover (3%), red clover (4%) and the miscellaneous species (0%). The ‘grow-out’ tests for nodulation were positively correlated with rhizobial numbers on seed, confirming the use of plate counting of rhizobia to assess quality of pre- and custom-inoculated seed. Many of the seed pellets were toxic to the 2 clover rhizobial strains tested, although the toxicity did not affect numbers of rhizobia on the seed. In light of these results and other data on rhizobial survival on seed, we suggest the current Australian standards for rhizobial numbers on pasture legume seed at the time of sale of 500/seed (very small-seeded legumes with seed numbers >750 000/kg) and 1000/seed (other larger-seeded species, seed numbers <750 000/kg) remain in place. We recommend shelf lives be restricted to 6 months for preinoculated lucerne and the annual medics, to 6 weeks for preinoculated subterranean clover, and to 2 weeks for white clover, red clover and other miscellaneous species. In the long-term, new products and procedures will hopefully enhance the numbers and survival of rhizobia on seed such that the needs of both manufacturers and customers are satisfied.
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Mihafu, Fabian Dominicus, Beatrice Nyanchama Kiage, Andrew Nyerere Kimang’a, and Judith Kanensi Okoth. "Effect of chia seeds (Salvia hispanica) on postprandial glycaemia, body weight and hematological parameters in rats fed a high fat and fructose diet." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 5 (September 14, 2020): 1752–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i5.20.
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Chia seeds (Salvia hispanica) are currently consumed by varied populations as superfoods due to their protective, functional and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ground chia seeds/extracts on postprandial glycaemia, body weight, hematological parameters and cellular morphology in rats. Twenty male Wistar rats were assigned into three experimental groups and a control (n =5). Each experimental group received 10 g/20 g fructose/lard. Additionally, 90 g rat pellet was fed to group 1 and 3 which was supplemented with 20 g chia seed extract, group 2 received ground chia seeds only. Control group received 90 g rat pellet only for 28 days. The results on body weight changes indicated a gradual increase in body weight of chia seeds/extract fed rats as compared to fructose/lard group. There was an increase in postprandial blood glucose levels in group 1 from week I to IV contrary to groups supplemented with chia seeds/extract. Complete blood counts showed a significant increase (p = 0.008) in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, basophils (p = 0.035), platelets (p = 0.025) and red cell distribution width (p = 0.008) in experimental groups compared to control. These results pinpoint the benefits of chia seeds.Keywords: Blood composition, functional food, glucose concentration, metabolic diseases, omega-3 fatty acids
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Suharti, Tati, Triwidodo Arwiyanto, and Tri Joko. "Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Bibit Akor yang Diinokulasi Bakteri Patogen Terbawa Benih." Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia 14, no. 5 (January 29, 2019): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.14692/jfi.14.5.159.
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Growth and Development of Inoculated in Northern Black Wattle Seedling with Seed Borne Bacterial PathogensNorthern black wattle (Acacia auriculiformis) is a fast growing species that has multipurpose benefits such as pulpwood, solid wood, firewood, charcoal and pellet. Seed-borne bacterial pathogens were reported to reduce seed germination and seedling growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate effect of seed borne bacterial pathogen of A. auriculiformis on seed germination and 12 weeks-old seedling growth. Bacterial seed inoculation was performed by soaking the seed into respective bacterial suspension for 2 hours. The tested bacteria were Acinetobacter sp., Alcaligenes faecalis, Burkholderia cepacia complex, Escherichia hermannii, Paenochrobactrum sp., Pseudomonas stutzeri, Ralstonia sp., and Salmonella bongori. The results showed that all tested bacteria could reduce seed germination, but those does not affect seedling growth significantly. All tested bacteria excluding Acinetobacter sp. could inhibit seedling growth and development.
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Pambudi, N. Agung, Shuichi Torii, M. Syamsiro, Harwin Saptoadi, and Indra Mamad Gandidi. "Emission factor of single pellet cake seed Jatropha curcas in a fix bed reactor." Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering 34, no. 2 (June 2012): 184–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-58782012000200009.
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Kusumawati, Daniar, Zafran Jamaris, and Titiek Aslianti. "PERTUMBUHAN IKAN BANDENG (Chanos chanos) ANTARA BENIH HATCHERY SKALA RUMAH TANGGA DAN GENERASI KEDUA (G-2) TERSELEKSI." BERITA BIOLOGI 17, no. 1 (July 13, 2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/beritabiologi.v17i1.2937.
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Currently, there is a national concern regarding to the decrease of milkfish production from ponds in North Java due to a low quality of milkfish seed produced by small scale hatcheries in Bali, which is the main producer of milkfish seed. The quality of seed is strongly related to the quality of eggs (fertility), while quality of eggs produced depends on the management of brood stocks carried out by the hatcheries. Growth rate and growth hormone profiles are some of the biological aspects that could be used as a basis/benchmark to evaluate quality level of milkfish seed reared in ponds. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate growth rate and growth hormone profile performance between selected G-2 seed and small scale hatcheries seed as control population the growth rate. Research on grow-out of milkfish seed was conducted at the IMRAD ponds facility in Pejarakan, using milkfish seed produced by small scale hatcheries as well as selected second-generation (G-2) seed, each with the density of 5000 seed/pond (1 pond=0.5 ha). The seeds were fed with dry pellet and reared for 5 – 6 months. The results showed that the seed produced with standard operational procedure (SOP) by small scale hatcheries were having longer (F hit. = 13.68 > F tabel 1%) and heavier body washt (F hit. = 18.98 > F tabel 1%) better than selected G-2 seed and small scale hatcheries seed without SOP with high growth hormone concentration (F hit. = 4.95 > F tabel 5%).
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Sharma, Abha, Dario Toso, Kurt Kung, Gun-Woong Bahng, and Gerald H. Pollack. "QELBY®-Induced Enhancement of Exclusion Zone Buildup and Seed Germination." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2410794.
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A hydrophilic powder, QELBY, from the feldspar family of clay minerals was investigated for its ability to form structured or exclusion-zone (EZ) water. We demonstrated microsphere-free zones around different fractions of the QELBY powder or its hydrated pellet. Averaging approximately 100 μm, these zones grew to a size similar to that formed in the vicinity of the Nafion standard. In the case of silica (control), only occasional microsphere-free zones of about 70 μm were found. Further, studies to investigate QELBY’s energizing effect on germination and early sapling growth in brown chickpea seeds showed at least a 2-3-fold increase in root length and/or formation of shoots. This was seen in seeds bathed in QELBY supernatants or surrounded by QELBY powder outside the vials containing the seeds. This indirect effect was observed whether the QELBY was dry or hydrated.
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Harahap, Anwar Efendi, Oksana Oksana, Bakhendri Solfan, and Irsyadi Siradjuddin. "Pemberdayaan Peternak Pada Suku Akit Melalui Pemanfaatan Bahan Baku Pakan Lokal Tepung Biji Karet Fermentasi Sebagai Ransum Pellet Puyuh Petelur." MENARA RIAU 14, no. 1 (April 16, 2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/menara.v14i1.12494.
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The Akit tribe is the original tribe of Rupat Island who is used to living hunting and gathering. The Akit tribe is one of the remote indigenous communities (KAT) in Riau Province. This service aims to utilize and process rubber seeds with pellet technology as animal feed for laying quail rations as an effort to improve the welfare of the community. The service method is the Community Based Research (CBR) method, which is a method where the community takes part in this research and service process. The results show that community service activities generate 80 - 90% feedback from the community, even though most people have low levels of education but still easily understand the material. Furthermore, the ration consumption during quail maintenance was 19.65 - 22.01%, the weight of quail eggs was 6.66 - 8.35% and the ration conversion was 2.36 - 3.43. The conclusion of this service is that fermented pellet ration up to 6% of rubber seed flour be used as laying quail feed with the community based research (CBR) service model to motivate breeders to increase their business in raising quail in a sustainable
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Parveen, S., and S. C. Bachar. "Anti Inflammatory Activity of Nigella sativa: A Study on Animal Model." Journal of Medical Science & Research 19, Number 2 (July 1, 2012): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47648/jmsr.2012.v1902.03.
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A prospeahw study was carried out to find out dw anti-inflammatory eels of the ethanolic extract of ground seeds of Nigella saliva in inflanuned rats at the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Dhaka Medical College. during the period from January to December 2008. effect was compared among sixty tong Evan Norwegian rats with reference standard aspirin mu! hydrocortisone. Acute inflammtion uws induced by Carrafrenan inject at the sub-pplantar surface of the hind paw of rat. Ethanol extract of ground seed of Nigella aspirin, hydrocortisone and normal saline (as control) were administered to evaluate anti-inflammatory ejects. The and-inflammatory effects (acute) measured by 'inhibited oedema formation' were 43.79% by Nigella saliva. 40.52% by aspirin, 47.71% by hydrocortisone. Again chronic inflammation ~teas induced by implantation of a sterile cotton pellet in rat's groin region for 14 days and treated with Nigella saliva extract, aspirin, hydrocortisone curd normal saline. The anti-inflammatm effects (chronic) were measured by weighing cotton pellet lo evaluate 'inhibited gramdonw.formation' and were 41.42%, 27.67% and 38.58% respectively. Meweover, Nigella swim extract was administered in two different doses (250mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight) and significant anti-inflammatory effect was observed in' the higher dose.
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Parveen, S., and Z. A. Begum. "The Effect of Niella sativa Linn. Ground Seed Extract on Cotton Pellet Induced Inflammation in Rats." Journal of Medical Science & Research 15, Number 2 (July 1, 2010): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47648/jmsr.2010.v1502.04.
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The study was done to find out the anti-inflammatory effects of the ethanolic extract of ground seeds of Nigella swim in inflammed rats. The effect was compared with reference standard drugs aspirin and hydrocortisone. Chronic it was induced by implantation of a sterile cotton pellet in rut's groin region. Treatment with Nigella saliva extract at a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight and at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight orally daily for 14 days produced anti-inflammatory effect. The percentage of inhibition of granuloma formation were 19.30% and 41.42% respectively. Administration of aspirin and hydrocortisone for 14 days showed also anti-inflanunatoq effect and the percentage of inhibition of granuloma formation were 27.67% and 38.58% respectively.
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Wang, Baoshi, Jian Chen, Hua Li, Fuxin Sun, Youran Li, and Guiyang Shi. "Pellet-dispersion strategy to simplify the seed cultivation of Aspergillus niger and optimize citric acid production." Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering 40, no. 1 (August 29, 2016): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00449-016-1673-y.
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Klugmann-Radziemska, Ewa, and Krzysztof Ciunel. "Rapeseed pellet - a byproduct of biodiesel production - as an excellent renewable energy source / Wytłoki rzepakowe - produkt uboczny w produkcji biodiesla - jako doskonałe źródło energii odnawialnej." Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology 18, no. 1-2 (December 1, 2013): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cdem-2013-0024.
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Abstract Vegetable oils are renewable feedstock currently being used for production of biofuels from sustainable biomass resources. The existing technology for producing diesel fuel from plant oils, such as rapeseed, soybean, canola and palm oil are largely centered on transesterification of oils with methanol to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) or biodiesel. Rapeseed pellet - crushed seed residue from oil extraction is a byproduct of biodiesel production process. As other types of biomass, it can either be burned directly in furnaces or processed to increase its energetic value. The interest to use different types of biomass as fuels has grown rapidly during the last years as a mean to reduce the CO2 emissions of energy production. Biomass is renewable, abundant and has domestic usage, the sources of biomass can help the world reduce its dependence on petroleum products and natural gas. Energetically effective utilization of rapeseed pellet could substantially improve the economic balance of an individual household in which biodiesel for fulfilling the producer’s own energetic demand is obtained. In this article the experimental results of analyzing the emissions levels of different pollutants in exhaust fumes during different stages of biomass boiler operation were presented. It has been proved that that the pellet, a byproduct of biodiesel production, is an excellent renewable and environmentally-friendly energy source, especially viable for use in household tap water heating installations.
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Furlonger, A. A., L. Huynh, T. W. Luloff, K. L. Schmidt, and S. A. MacDougall-Shackleton. "Effects of supplementation with preferred foods on the reproductive axis of American Goldfinches (Spinus tristis)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 90, no. 2 (February 2012): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z11-127.
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Numerous field studies indicate that food supplementation of birds can advance laying date. In addition, laboratory studies, though less common, suggest that altering the amount of food, the predictability of food, or food type can affect reproductive physiology. American Goldfinches ( Spinus tristis , formerly Carduelis tristis (L., 1758)) breed in late summer when thistle (Cynareae) seeds become abundant, suggesting that specific food types may affect their reproductive physiology. We tested whether supplementation with preferred seeds would affect reproductive physiology of male and female American Goldfinches. Birds were photostimulated and fed a standard pellet diet, or supplemented with a variety of preferred seeds. Supplemented females developed larger ovarian follicles. Supplemented males had higher levels of plasma testosterone, but only if they were also housed with a female. These results suggest that preferred seed types can act as a supplementary cue in this species, and fine-tune photoperiod-driven changes in reproductive physiology.
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Kusumawati, Daniar, Zafran Jamaris, and Titiek Aslianti. "PROFIL PERTUMBUHAN, ENZIMATIS, DAN NUTRISI IKAN BANDENG (Chanos chanos) GENERASI KEDUA (G-2) TERSELEKSI DENGAN MENERAPKAN STANDAR OPERASIONAL PROSEDUR (SOP) PEMELIHARAAN LARVA." Media Akuakultur 12, no. 2 (December 21, 2017): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/ma.12.2.2017.55-66.
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Isu nasional menurunnya produksi budidaya ikan bandeng di tambak pantai utara Pulau Jawa didugasebagai akibat rendahnya kualitas benih produk Hatchery Skala Rumah Tangga (HSRT) di Bali, yang secara kontinu merupakan sumber utama pasok benih. Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas benih, antara lain kualitas telur dan induk, serta manajemen pemeliharaan induk dan larva. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi performa pertumbuhan,aktivitas enzim pencernaan dan nutrisi benih ikan bandeng dari HSRT dan generasi kedua (G2) terseleksi yang dipelihara berdasarkan standar operasional prosedur. Penelitian dilakukan di tambak Pejarakan, dengan hewan uji benih produk HSRT dan benih generasi ke-2 (G-2) terseleksi dengan panjang total rata-rata 11,79 ± 1,64 mm, masing-masing dengan padat tebar 5.000 ekor/petak dengan luasan 0,5 Ha/petak, diberi pakan jenis pelet kering berkadar protein 25 % dan dipelihara selama 6 bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan performa benih ikan bandeng dipengaruhi oleh sumber induk dan manajemen pemeliharaan saat larva. Pertumbuhan benih ikan bandeng asal HSRT dengan SOP pemeliharaan larva menunjukkan peningkatan laju pertumbuhan panjang dan bobot sebesar 10,11% dan 47,18% lebih tinggi dibandingkan benih G2-terseleksi, dan 13,82% dan 50,55% lebih tinggi dibandingkan benih HSRT tanpa SOP. Aktivitas enzimatis pada benih HSRT dengan SOP lebih efisien dibandingkan benih G2-terseleksi. Aktivitas enzimatis pada benih HSRT tanpa SOP adalah yang paling rendah dimana hal ini terlihat dari laju pertumbuhannya yang juga paling rendah. Benih HSRT yang dipelihara dengan SOP mampu menekan rasio konversi pakan sebesar 28,29% lebih rendah dibandingkan benih G2-terseleksi, dan 22,64% dibandingkan benih HSRT yang dipelihara tanpa SOP. Currently, there is a national concern regarding the decreasing of milkfish production from ponds in North Java allegedly due to a low quality of milkfish seed produced by small-scale hatcheries in Bali, which is the main producer of milkfish seed. Some factors can influence seed quality, such as quality of egg and broodstock also rearing management of broodstock and larvae. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate morphological aspect (growth rate) and biological aspect (digestive enzymes activities) of seed from backyard hatchery and selected G2 milkfish. Research on grow-out of milkfish seed was conducted at the IMRAD ponds facility in Pejarakan, using milkfish seed produced by small-scale hatcheries as well as selected second-generation (G-2) seed, each with the density of 5,000 seed/pond (1 pond=0.5 ha). The seeds were fed with dry pellet and reared for 6 months.The result showed performance of seed in terms of morphological and biological influenced by broodstock itself and larvae rearing management.The growth of seed of HSRT origin with larvae rearing SOP had increased the length of and weight growth rates of 10.11% and 47.18%, respectively compared to seed G2 selected and 13.82% and 50.55% from seed HSRT without SOP. Enzymatic activity in HSRT seed with SOP was more efficient than that of selected G2 seed. Enzymatic activity in HSRT seed without SOP was the lowest in which correlated to the lowest growth. Seed from HSRT origin with SOP had better feed conversion ratio which was 28.29% lower than that of selected G2 seed and 22.64% lower than that of HSRT seed without SOP.
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Slamet, Bejo. "APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL FEED WITH DIFFERENT PROTEIN CONTENT ON BLACKSADDLED CORAL GROUPER Plectropomus laevis NURSERY." Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis 8, no. 2 (April 6, 2017): 493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jitkt.v8i2.15804.
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Blacksaddled coral grouper Plectropomus laevis is an export commodity and possess high economic value in Asian markets, but the wild population is already threatened. The purpose of this study was to determine the best food for improving growth and survival rate. The nursering were conducted using 9 fiberglass tanks with 1 m3 of volume for 6 month, with three treatment and 3 replicates. Three different foods were used as treatments, i.e.: Local commersial pellet with crude protein content 50% (A), im-port commersial pellet with cure protein content 55% (B) and trash fish (sardine) (C). The initial size of blacksaddled coral grouper seed were 2.5 cm total lengths (TL), 0.45 g body weight (BW). The stocking density of fry was reared at 250 fish per m3. A complete random design was used as an experiment design. Data was analysed using ANOVA statistics. Feeding times were twice a day at 08.00 and 15.00 local time; with dose at satiation. The samplings of fry were conducted every 15 day to measure of survival rate (SR), TL and BW. On the end of experiment was calculated economic ana-lized (BC ratio). The result showed that there was significant different (P<0.05) among treatments for SR and growth rate (GR). The better SR and GR was at treatment B with SR 96.5%, and GR 0.75g/day followed by treatment C (SR 90.5%: GR 0.54g/day) and treatment A (SR 81.5%: GR 0.42g/ day. The food conversion ratio was 1.15 in treatment A, 1.02 in B and 4.81 (wet weight) in C. From economic analized showed that the best BC ratio was in pellet 55% protein (B), followed by trash fish (C) and pellet 50% protein (A) with BC ratio of 1.75, 1.72 and 1.41 respectively.
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Irfan, Muhammad, Syafruddin Nasution, and Irvina Nurrachmi. "ADDITION OF VITERNA WITH DIFFERENT DOSAGE ON PELLET FEED ON GROWTH OF GROUPER FISH SEED (Cromileptis altivelis)." Asian Journal of Aquatic Sciences 3, no. 2 (August 3, 2020): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/ajoas.3.2.103-110.
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This research was conducted from 15 June - 27 July 2019 in the Regional Technical Implementation Unit of The Seawater and Brackish Aquaculture. (UPTD BPBALP Teluk Buo), West Sumatra. This study aim to determine the best of viterna multivitamin right on the growth and the survival of grouper fish (Cromileptis altivelis) seed. The method used in this study was an experimental method using a complete randomized design (RAL) with 4 treatments (A: 0 ml / kg of feed, B: 10 ml / kg of feed, C: 15 ml / kg of feed and D: 20 ml / kg of feed). Parameters in this research are absolute weight growth, absolute length growth, specific growth rate and survival rate. The results of this research are to find out the best viterna multivitamin dose for absolute weight growth was 10 ml / kg of feed, absolute length growth was 10 ml / kg of feed, the specific growth rate was 10 ml / kg of feed and survival rate was 100% of all treatments.
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Liu, Tianqi, Jiaxin Wang, Yuge Li, Zihui Liu, Jiayi Sun, and Dejun Liu. "Design and Experiment of Substrate Grass Seed Blanket Extrusion Device." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (September 5, 2022): 11046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141711046.
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After corn straw and livestock manure are fermented and decomposed, grass seeds are added. The substrate grass seed blanket is made by screw extrusion, applied to park greening, square greening, protective greening, and residential area greening. With this device, the purpose of reducing the labor force and improving space utilization rate can be achieved. The working principle of the substrate grass seed blanket extrusion device is mainly described, and the extrusion process is analyzed including: compaction and filling stage, surface deformation and compaction stage, plastic deformation stage, and molding stage. The main experimental factors are determined through theoretical analysis of screw size and working parameters, including screw pitch, screw length, screw diameter, and screw speed. Using the EDEM simulation analysis method, taking the quality of extruded particles and the uniformity of grass seed mixing as test indexes, and under the condition of the same extrusion time of 30 s using Design-Expert software to carry out an orthogonal quadratic rotation combination test, a significant regression model was obtained. The effects of different parameters and extrusion conditions on grass seed blanket forming influence were studied by response surface analysis. The optimal working parameters were obtained: screw speed 250 r·min−1, screw pitch 120~80 mm, screw diameter 240 mm, and screw length 400 mm. With the same extrusion time of 30 s, extruded pellet mass was 2620 g, calculated mass flow rate was 131 g/s, and the grass seed mixing uniformity was 92.35%. Under the optimal simulation conditions, the prototype was manufactured, and the actual verification test was carried out. The errors between the measured values of extruded substrate quality and grass seed mixing uniformity and the simulation test results were 3.4% and 2.5%, respectively, which met the requirements of the grass seed blanket extrusion molding device.
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Noori Mohammed Luaibi and Ayser Abdullah Shafiq. "Study of Biochemical and Histological effects of fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare)on Liver in Male Rats." journal of the college of basic education 22, no. 96 (December 27, 2022): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35950/cbej.v22i96.9011.
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Consumption of foods enriched with herbs and herbal medicine products are highly popular. Their current popularity renders the assessment of their safety an urgent necessity, they must figure prominently in nutritional surveys as possible factors in cancer and some other diseases, as they may contain highly toxic chemicals and heavy metals in addition to natural organic toxins, made the present study aims to investigate the side effects of fennel seeds Foeniculum vulgare, in male rats, on the weights , histological changes and some of the physiological parameters of the liver.
For this purpose, 60 Spargue-Dawley albino adult male rats were daily treated oraly with fennel seed powder mixed with rat diet in three different doses (50, 100, 200)gm/kg bodyweight(bw) in three different periods of time (10, 20, 30) days. Adult male rats were divided into 12 groups each of five rats, as following : (Group 1, 2, 3) normal control rats that were fed with chow pellet only for (10, 20, 30) days subsequently, (Group 4, 5, 6) experimental treated groups that respectively received fennel pellet in three doses of (50, 100, 200) gm/kg for 10 days, (Group 7, 8, 9) experimental treated groups that respectively received fennel pellet in three doses of (50, 100, 200) gm/kg for 20 days, (Group 10, 11, 12) experimental treated groups that respectively received fennel pellet in three doses of (50, 100, 200) gm/kg for 30 days.
The end of each experiment was followed by weighing the animals, blood sample of each animal was collected by heart puncture then directly centrifuged and the serum was kept at -80 oC for biochemical analysis and some histological standards, the animals were dissected, then the liver was excised and fixed in neutral buffered 10% formalin for histological preparation.
Increased doses of fennel consumption and treatment duration statistically caused:
Highly significant (p<0.01) decrement in liver weights of fennel treated groups ( 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12) in comparison to control groups.
Highly significant increment (p<0.01) in Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase(GOT) and Glutamate pyruvate transaminase(GPT) serum levels in treated groups (5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12), while Alkaline phosphatase(ALP) serum levels showed significant increment (p<0.05) in fennel treated groups (10, 11, 12) compared to the control groups.
liver sections showed sinusoidal dilatation with mild degenerative, inflammatory cells infiltration, congestion in blood vessels and necrosis.
Fennel, liver, doses, necrosis.
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Pennell, Christopher G. L., M. Philip Rolston, A. David M. Latham, Wade J. Mace, Ben Vlaming, Chikako van Koten, M. Cecilia Latham, Samantha Brown, and Stuart D. Card. "Novel grass–endophyte associations reduce the feeding behaviour of invasive European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)." Wildlife Research 43, no. 8 (2016): 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr16114.
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Context Small mammalian herbivores, such as European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), can have significant unwanted impacts on agriculture and horticulture and can attract birds of prey and avian scavengers to airports, increasing the risk of bird strike. Sustainable wildlife management tools that have high efficacy and animal welfare are needed to mitigate these impacts. Aim We assessed perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) cultivars associated with selected Epichloë endophytes, originally developed for bird management at airports, to determine their feeding-deterrent properties towards invasive rabbits. Methods A pellet feed trial using caged domestic rabbits and a pen trial using wild rabbits were conducted to assess rabbit responses to food pellets with novel endophyte-infected or uninfected grass seed and to plots planted with endophyte-infected or uninfected grasses, respectively. Key results Caged rabbits ate significantly less food pellets containing endophyte-infected grass straw than pellets containing endophyte-free grass straw. Wild rabbits consumed significantly less herbage from plots planted with endophyte-infected grasses than those of the equivalent endophyte-free grass cultivars. Temporal patterns of rabbit feeding behaviour support the hypothesis that deterrence in rabbits resulted from post-ingestion feedback associated with grass–endophyte secondary metabolites. Conclusions Although more research is required on the exact mechanism of action in rabbits, our results suggest novel endophyte-infected grass associations may substantially reduce rabbit feeding behaviour and possibly rabbit numbers in areas where these grasses are sown. Implications Novel grass–endophyte associations have great potential for deterring problem wildlife at airports and other amenity areas.