Relevant bibliographies by topics / Seed enhance

Academic literature on the topic 'Seed enhance'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Seed enhance"

Campo, Rubens José, Ricardo Silva Araujo, and Mariangela Hungria. "Molybdenum-enriched soybean seeds enhance N accumulation, seed yield, and seed protein content in Brazil." Field Crops Research 110, no. 3 (February 2009): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2008.09.001.

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Suksawang, Orasa. "Enhance Balanced SEED with BEST ACTIONS." Universal Journal of Management 4, no. 2 (February 2016): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/ujm.2016.040203.

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Parera, Carlos A., and Daniel J. Cantliffe. "Presowing Seed Treatments to Enhance Supersweet Sweet Corn Seed and Seedling Quality." HortScience 29, no. 4 (April 1994): 277–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.4.277.

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Poor emergence and low seedling vigor are characteristics of many supersweet sweet corn (Zea mays L.) cultivars carrying the shrunken-2 (sh2) gene. Four sh2 sweet corn cultivar seeds [`How Sweet It Is' (HSII), `Crisp N' Sweet 711' (CNS-711), `Sweet Belle' (SB), and `Dazzle' (DZ)] were solid-matrix-primed (SMP), SMP with sodium hypochlorite (SMPcl), treated with a fungicide combination (F) (Imazalil + Captan + Apron + Thiram), or primed with the aforementioned fungicides (SMPf). The seed treatments were tested in the laboratory and the field. Seed imbibition and leachate electrical conductivity were lower in SMP seeds than in nonprimed seeds. In the field, emergence percentage and rate of CNS-711 and SB (high-vigor seeds) were not improved by the seed treatments compared to the nontreated seeds. Emergence percentage and rate of HSII and DZ (considered low-vigor seeds) were improved as a result of SMPcl, SMPf, or F treatments compared to nonprimed seeds. Compared to the F treatment, the SMPcl presowing treatment increased DZ seedling emergence rate and percentage. The combined SMP and seed disinfection via NaOCl seems to be a promising fungicide seed-treatment substitute that improves the stand establishment and seedling vigor of sh2 sweet corn cultivars. Chemical names used: 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(2-propenyloxy)ethyl]-1 H imidazole (Imazalil); N-[(trichloromethyl)thio]-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide(Captan); N- (2,6-dimethylphenyl)- N -(methoxyacetyl)alanine methyl ester (Apron); tetramethylthiuram disulfide (Thiram).

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Afzal, Irfan, Talha Javed, Masoume Amirkhani, and Alan G. Taylor. "Modern Seed Technology: Seed Coating Delivery Systems for Enhancing Seed and Crop Performance." Agriculture 10, no. 11 (November 5, 2020): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10110526.

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The objective of modern seed-coating technology is to uniformly apply a wide range of active components (ingredients) onto crop seeds at desired dosages so as to facilitate sowing and enhance crop performance. There are three major types of seed treating/coating equipment: dry powder applicator, rotary pan, and pelleting pan with the provisions to apply dry powders, liquids, or a combination of both. Additional terms for coatings produced from these types of equipment include dry coating, seed dressing, film coating, encrustments, and seed pelleting. The seed weight increases for these different coating methods ranges from <0.05% to >5000% (>100,000-fold range). Modern coating technology provides a delivery system for many other materials including biostimulants, nutrients, and plant protectants. This review summarizes seed coating technologies and their potential benefits to enhance seed performance, improve crop establishment, and provide early season pest management for sustainable agricultural systems.

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Yalamalle, V. R., D. M. Ithape, A. Kumar, K. Bhagat, S. Ghosh, and M. Singh. "Seed treatment with 5-azacytidine reduces ageing-induced damage in onion seeds." Seed Science and Technology 48, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15258/sst.2020.48.3.09.

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The effect of treating aged onion seeds with 5-azacytidine (5-aza) on germination and vigour was evaluated. Seeds of two onion varieties, 'Bhima Raj' (BRJ) and 'Bhima Red' (BRD) were treated with 0, 10, 25 or 50 μg mL–1 5-azacytidine (a DNA demethylating agent). In comparison with the control treatment (0 μg mL–1 5-azacytidine), treatment with 5-azacytidine enhanced seed germination, seedling length, seedling dry weight and seed vigour indices. 5-azacytidine treatment also increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Seed treatment with 5-azacytidine has the potential to enhance the viability and vigour of aged onion seeds. This study provides phenotypic and biochemical data for further exploring the role of DNA methylation in understanding the process of seed ageing.

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Huang, Ping, Lili He, Adeel Abbas, Sadam Hussain, Saddam Hussain, Daolin Du, Muhammad Bilal Hafeez, et al. "Seed Priming with Sorghum Water Extract Improves the Performance of Camelina (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz.) under Salt Stress." Plants 10, no. 4 (April 12, 2021): 749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10040749.

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Seed priming with sorghum water extract (SWE) enhances crop tolerance to salinity stress; however, the application of SWE under salinity for camelina crop has not been documented so far. This study evaluated the potential role of seed priming with SWE in improving salt stress tolerance in camelina. Primed (with 5% SWE and distilled water-hydropriming) and nonprimed seeds were sown under control (no salt) and salt stress (10 dS m−1) conditions. Salinity reduced camelina’s emergence and growth, while seed priming with SWE improved growth under control and stress conditions. Under salt stress, seed priming with SWE enhanced emergence percentage (96.98%), increased root length (82%), shoot length (32%), root dry weight (75%), shoot dry weight (33%), α-amylase activity (66.43%), chlorophyll content (60–92%), antioxidant enzymes activity (38–171%) and shoot K+ ion (60%) compared with nontreated plants. Similarly, under stress conditions, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and shoot Na+ ion were reduced by 60, 31, and 40% by seed priming with SWE, respectively, over the nonprimed seeds. Therefore, seed priming with SWE may be used to enhance the tolerance against salt stress in camelina.

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Finnerty, Terry L., Jayne M. Zajicek, and Mark A. Hussey. "Use of Seed Priming to Bypass Stratification Requirements of Three Aquilegia Species." HortScience 27, no. 4 (April 1992): 310–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.4.310.

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Seeds of three columbine species, Aquilegia caerulea James, Aquilegia canadensis L., and Aquilegia hinckleyana Munz., were studied to determine if seed priming can be used to enhance or completely bypass stratification. The effect of priming varied among species. Germination percentage of nonstratified, primed seed of A. caerulea was as high as nonprimed stratified seed at the termination of the study. Nonstratified primed seeds of A. canadensis did not perform as well as stratified seed, but priming did enhance the germination percentage of stratified seed. Priming had no effect on seed germination–of A. hinckleyana.

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Afzal, I., K. Mukhtar, M. Qasim, S. M. A. Basra, M. Shahid, and Z. Haq. "Magnetic stimulation of marigold seed." International Agrophysics 26, no. 4 (October 29, 2012): 335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10247-012-0047-1.

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Abstract The effects of magnetic field treatments of French marigold seeds on germination, early seedling growth and biochemical changes of seedlings were studied under controlled conditions. For this purpose, seeds were exposed to five different magnetic seed treatments for 3 min each. Most of seed treatments resulted in improved germination speed and spread, root and shoot length, seed soluble sugars and a-amylase activity. Magnetic seed treatment with 100 mT maximally improved germination, seedling vigour and starch metabolism as compared to control and other seed treatments. In emergence experiment, higher emergence percentage (4-fold), emergence index (5-fold) and vigorous seedling growth were obtained in seeds treated with 100 mT. Overall, the enhancement of marigold seeds by magnetic seed treatment with 100 mT could be related to enhanced starch metabolism. The results suggest that magnetic field treatments of French marigold seeds have the potential to enhance germination, early growth and biochemical parameters of seedlings.

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Chen, G., Q. Z. Wang, Y. Liu, Y. B. Li, J. Cui, Y. Y. Liu, J. M. Cheng, and Đ. Karagić. "Optimisation of sonication conditions to enhance seed vigour in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum)." Seed Science and Technology 40, no. 3 (October 1, 2012): 404–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15258/sst.2012.40.3.11.

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Pallavi, H. M., K. Vishwanath, Bapurayagouda Patil, N. Naveen, and Manjunath Thattimani. "Seed anatomical studies on dormancy and germination in Chamaecrista absus." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 868–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i2.888.

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Present study was conducted to analyze the anatomical structure of seed to study the dormancy behaviour in Chamaecrista absus. Seed germination behaviour was also studied after breaking the seed dormancy by artificial seed treatments. The anotamical studies revealed that seed has apical hilar region and seed coat has four layers consisting of outer cuticle, sub cuticle, palisade layer and inner tegma leading to physical dormancy. Outer cuticle and sub cuticle layers are very hard to break naturally and hence seeds possess hard seed coat dormancy. This physically hard seed coat should be made soft to enhance germination. Studies to break dormancy were conducted involving treatments like hot water, hormones and in combinations of both. The results revealed that seeds dipped in boiling water made inner layers permeable for water absorption in hilar region and thus germination enhanced. In specific seeds treated with boiling water for 5 minutes recorded higher germination (82 %) over untreated control (26 %). . Other artificial treatments with hormones gibberellic acid (33 % ) and ethrel (34 % ) did not enhanced the germination significantly over control. C. absus has hard coat dormancy and can be overcame by treating seeds with boiling water treatment.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Seed enhance"

Kornacki, Catherine. "MANIPULATING OIL SEED BIOCHEMISTRY TO ENHANCE THE PRODUCTION OF ACETYL-TAGS." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35753.

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Master of Science
Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Interdepartmental Program
Timothy P. Durrett
Using vegetable oils directly as an alternative biofuel presents several problems as such oils typically possess poor fuel qualities including high viscosity, low volatility, and poor cold temperature properties. The ornamental shrub Euonymus alatus produces unusual acetyl-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerols (acetyl-TAGs) that have an acetyl group in the sn-3 position instead of a long chain fatty acid. The presence of this sn-3 acetyl-group give acetyl-TAGs properties desirable for biofuels, such as reduced viscosity, comparted to the normal long chain triacyglycerols found in most vegetable oils. Acetyl-TAGs are synthesized by the Euonymus alatus diacylglycerol acetyltransferase (EaDAcT) and Euonymus fortunei diacylglycerol acetyltransferase (EfDAcT) enzymes. Both enzymes catalyze the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to diaclglycerol (DAG) to produce acetyl-TAGs. Previous work demonstrated that expression of EaDAcT combined with the suppression of a diacylglycerol aceyltransferase (DGAT1) in Camelina sativa led to seeds with 85 mol % acetyl-TAGs. Increasing acetyl-TAG levels further was explored using two strategies. Over expression of citrate lyase to increase the pool of acetyl-CoA to be used as a substrate for the acetyltransferase enzymes failed to increased levels of acetyl-TAGs. A second approach involved expressing EfDAcT in Camelina sativa. EfDAcT has demonstrated higher activity in vitro and in vivo and its expression in yeast leads to approximately 50 % higher levels of acetyl-TAGs compared to EaDAcT. The expression of EfDAcT coupled with the suppression of DGAT1 in Camelina sativa resulted in 90 mol % acetyl-TAGs in the transgenic seeds. Levels of EfDAcT protein analyzed in developing transgenic Camelina sativa seeds across a 40 day time period were highest at 15 and 20 days after flowering. Following these time points acetyl-TAG accumulation increased rapidly, coinciding with the higher enzyme expression levels. The optimization of additional promoters to ensure expression of EfDAcT in the last half of seed development could represent another way to further increase acetyl-TAGs in the future.

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Brits, Yvette. "A comparison of selected enhanced (coated) and non-enhanced grass seed types for re-seeding of disturbed areas / Yvette Brits." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4252.

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Restoration and rehabilitation activities are presently considered to be a major priority in environmental management, whether the activity implies the restoration of neglected cultivated pastures or degraded rangelands due to overgrazing and climatic impacts, or the rehabilitation of the mining and industrial areas. However, the goals are not easily achieved, mainly due to the high input costs, including that of re-seeding activities. Reseeding success is influenced by the quality and effectiveness of the used seed regarding germination and establishment under natural field conditions. If techniques can be developed to enhance the effectiveness of germination and establishment percentage of the seed in restoration and rehabilitation sites, a better cover, density and biomass yield can be expected, which will improve the rehabilitation process. It is known that commercially available grass seed has a better germination percentage and establishment percentage in comparison with seed locally harvested, which may include many impurities such as sticks and stones. The availability of the locally harvested seed types, especially of certain ecotypes adapted to specific environments, can be poor. Advance Seed Company (Krugersdorp, South Africa) has taken commercially available grass seed to the next level by enhancing (coating) the seed with a multitude of different treatments to ensure better handling of the seed in reseeding applications. These treatments also have advantages such as a higher seed to soil contact, growth stimulants included in the treatment, higher seed purity and the protection of the seed against predation by ants and other insects and against harsh chemicals in the soil, which might have an influence on the germination percentage of the seed and the establishment of seedlings. The objective of this study was to investigate whether or not certain enhanced grass seed types of selected grass species will have a better germination and establishment percentage, fresh and dry above-(leaves) and below-ground (root) biomass yield (glasshouse trials) and dry above-ground biomass yields (natural fields trials) in comparison with non-enhanced types. The predation of enhanced and non-enhanced seeds by ants and other insects, as well as the development of the vascular tissue in the transitional region of the seedlings was also investigated. The grasses assessed included enhanced and non-enhanced seed types of Chloris gayana (Rhodes grass), Cynodon dactylon (Couch grass), Digitaria eriantha (Common finger grass) and Eragrostis curvula (Weeping love grass). In the case of E. curvula, four seed types, including the non-enhanced seed type were tested. These included non-enhanced seed, seed treated with "plain coat", enhancement with "organic insecticide on the base of the coaf' (Le. insecticide between the enhancement and the seed) and enhancement with "organic insecticide on the base of the coat and as an overspray" (Le. insecticide between the enhancement and the seed, as well as spraying the insecticide over the coated seed). The above mentioned species are commonly used in grass seed mixtures for rehabilitation and restoration purposes. Seeds were supplied by Advance Seed Company. The seed enhancement treatments as well as the non-enhanced seed types were tested under various conditions. The chemical composition of the enhancement treatment used in the coating process is only known by the seed technicians at Advance Seed Company. All the seed supplied by the seed merchant had a purity of >95%. With the application of dormancy breaking in the germination tests the non-enhanced seed types of Chloris gayana had the higher germination percentage of the seed type or the same species. Other differences included the germination percentage being significantly higher for the enhanced seed type of Cynodon dactylon than the non-enhanced seed type. Lower germination percentages were noted in the comparison of the E. curvula seed types, were the non-enhanced seed type had a higher germination percentage in comparison with the enhanced seed types. In the germination tests without dormancy breaking being applied, these results differ. With regard to the establishment percentages, similar statistical differences were noted in both the Coco Peat Moss medium and the Hygromix growth medium. In the above-and below-ground biomass production trials in the glass house the only significant difference were noted in the biomass production of D. eriantha plants. In the case of the dry above-and below-ground biomass yield the plants of the non-enhanced seed types of D. eriantha yielded a significantly higher biomass in comparison with the plants harvested from the enhanced seed type of the same species. With regard to the natural field trials a few significant differences were noted. The results indicated that the enhanced seed types of Chloris gayana and Cynodon dactylon, the non-enhanced seed type of D. eriantha as well as the non-enhanced and "organic insecticide on base and as overspray" enhancement of E cUNula can be used in re-seeding restoration and rehabilitation practices. Eragrostis cUNula enhanced with "plain coat" is not recommended to be used for re-seeding in disturbed areas.
Thesis (M.Sc. (Environmental Science and Management))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

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McNickle, Cathy, and n/a. "Enhanced access for re-entry into education, training is is seen to enable women to achieve self-fulfilment and to enhance employment opportunities." University of Canberra. Education, 1994. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061013.143535.

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The study topic undertaken was "Enhanced access for re-entry into education, training is seen to enable women to achieve self-fulfilment and enhance employment opportunities". Thesis Proposition and Study Problem : The topic was undertaken to study groups of women during different stages of education, training to see whether they did achieve self-fulfilment and had better employment opportunities if they did have enhanced access for re-entry into education, training. The study briefly looks at the progress by women chronologically, from the late nineteenth century until today, noting the major changes that have given greater gender eguity within the workplace. Methodology : The study focused on four different case studies; each case study focusing on different women who were at different stages of education, training. The study ensured it also focused on women who had gone into nontraditional roles to gain a greater insight as a result of women being given greater access, whether it has played a role in women having the opportunity to gain greater career opportunities and self-fulfilment as a result. Results : Some of the key results were that if women were given the opportunities of education, training that they were able to achieve self-fulfilment and their employment opportunities were enhanced. It was also evident that women were increasing in numbers to study at university. There were a number of inequalities noted still, although there have been a number of changes in recent times. These changes were also noted, as well as the barriers that are still evident. The study identifies different areas within education/employment whereby there are barriers and inequalities. The changes in training/legislation are also noted. Conclusions : The study is concluded by compiling the results of the four case studies and presenting these as well as other evidence from a variety of sources clarifying the investigation that "Enhanced access for re-entry into education, training is seen to enable women to achieve self-fulfilment and enhance employment opportunities".

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Shanor, C., T. Ensley, D. J. Hagan, Stryland E. W. Van, E. M. Wright, and M. Kolesik. "Numerical investigation of enhanced femtosecond supercontinuum via a weak seed in noble gases." OPTICAL SOC AMER, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621524.

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Numerical simulations are employed to elucidate the physics underlying the enhanced femtosecond supercontinuum generation previously observed during optical filamentation in noble gases and in the presence of a weak seed pulse. Simulations based on the metastable electronic state approach are shown not only to capture the qualitative features of the experiment, but also reveal the relation of the observed enhancement to recent developments in the area of sub-cycle engineering of filaments. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America

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Munder, Simon Manuel [Verfasser]. "Plant oil from sunflower seeds - Process modelling and optimisation to enhance quality / Simon Manuel Munder." Aachen : Shaker, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1188549472/34.

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Munder, Simon [Verfasser]. "Plant oil from sunflower seeds - Process modelling and optimisation to enhance quality / Simon Manuel Munder." Aachen : Shaker, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2019061605390395479412.

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Ihemere, Uzoma Enyinnaya. "Somatic embryogenesis and transformation of cassava for enhanced starch production." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1070549008.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxiii, 184 p.; also includes graphics (some color). Includes bibliographical references (p. 166-184).

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Sanci, Rukiye. "Synthesis Of Colloidal Silver Particles With Different Sizes By Seeding Approach For Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (sers) Studies." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611076/index.pdf.

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In this study, silver nanorods and nanospheroids were prepared both in aqueous solution and on the surface of glass slides through seed-mediated growth approach at room temperature and used as a surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate. The synthesis of metallic nanorods was started with the production of silver nanospheres as seed utilizing sodium borohydride and trisodium citrate as reducing and capping agents, respectively. These seeds were then added to a growth solution containing additional silver salt, ascorbic acid and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB.) Nanorod preparation conditions were first optimized in solution phase. The plasmon absorption of the formed nanocrystals was monitored by UV-Visible spectrometry. The largest red shift in the longitudinal plasmon resonance absorption of silver nanostructures was tried to be achieved in order to realize the highest electromagnetic enhancement in Raman measurements. The images of the formed nanorods were recorded using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The optimized colloidal growth conditions were adopted for the growth of nanorods on the surface of the glass substrate. Sol-gel coated glass slides were used in order to increase the porosity on the surface for an effective seeding process. We reported the development of a novel SERS substrate prepared by growing silver nanorods directly on the surface of glass surface without using any linker molecule. The SERS performances of the nanorod growth surfaces were evaluated with crystal violet (CV), brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) and benzoic acid (BA). Some modifications such as the increase in the AgNO3 concentration in the growth solution and the addition of hydrocarbons to the growth solution were investigated for the enhancement of the SERS signal. The intense spectra obtained for the model compounds demonstrated the efficiency of the prepared substrate for the SERS enhancement and its potential as a SERS detection probe for chemical and biological analysis.

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Lebenius, Filippa, Ida Andersson, and Filippa Skoglund. "See what I'm saying? : A qualitative study of how sensory stimulation enhances the customer shopping experience in e-commerce." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-44618.

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Research question: How do the utilization of the human senses affect the customers' shopping experience within e-commerce? Purpose: The purpose is to describe how brands within e-commerce can create an enhanced shopping experience for its customers. Method: Cross-sectional design, semi-structured in-depth interviews Conclusion: The study revealed that in order to create an enhanced shopping experience for its customers, brands within e-commerce should treat the shopping experience as extended, which enables stimulation of multiple senses.

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Griffiths, Thomas Richard. "An Enhanced Data Model and Tools for Analysis and Visualization of Levee Simulations." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2010. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd3477.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Seed enhance"

National Seed Seminar on Quality Seed to Enhance Agricultural Profitability (11th 2002 Dhārwār, India). XI National Seed Seminar on Quality Seed to Enhance Agricultural Profitability, January 18-20, 2002. Edited by Shekhargouda M, Naik L. Krishna, Indian Society of Seed Technology., and Universtiy of Agricultural Sciences (Dhārwār, India). Dept. of Seed Science and Technology. New Delhi: Indian Society of Seed Technology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, 2002.

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Ranzi, Gianluca, ed. Time-dependent behaviour and design of composite steel-concrete structures. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed018.

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<p>Steel-concrete composite structures are widely used throughout the world for buildings and bridges. A distinguishing feature of this form of construction is the combination of concrete and steel components to achieve enhanced structural performance. <p>The time-dependent response of concrete and its infl uence on the service behaviour and design of composite structures are the main focus of this SED. For the fi rst time, a publication combines a state-of-the-art review of the research with the available design specifi cations of Europe, Australia and New Zealand, and USA. This publication intends to enhance the awareness of the service response of composite structures and of the latest research and standards’ developments. It is aimed at designers and researchers alike. <p>The review of research available in open literature is provided and arranged according to structural typologies, i. e. slabs, beams, and columns. It serves as background information for current service design rules and provides insight into the most recent research advancements. The review of available design guidelines presents the similarities and differences of the recommended service design procedures infl uenced by concrete time effects. Selected case studies of building and bridge projects show possible design approaches and the rationale required when dealing with the time-dependent response and design of composite structures. The authors of this publication are design engineers and academics involved in the service design and research on the time-dependent response of composite structures.

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Shongming, Huang. GYPSY: A growth and yield projection system for natural and regenerated stands within an ecologically based enhanced forest management framework : yield tables for seed-origin natural and regenerated lodgepole pine stands. Edmonton, Alta: Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, 2001.

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Have You Seen The Star?: Meditation & Poems To Enhance Your Christmas Celebration. Tate Publishing & Enterprises, 2004.

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Eggemeier, Matthew T., and Peter Joseph Fritz. Send Lazarus. Fordham University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823288014.001.0001.

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Contrary to Catholicism, Catholic social teaching, and the commitment to live out the mercy of Jesus Christ, today’s dominant global economic and cultural system, neoliberalism, demands that life be led as a series of sacrifices to the market. This book’s theological critique of neoliberalism begins with recent papal teaching against “economism,” proceeds into a historical and theoretical analysis of neoliberalism’s conception as a discourse in academia and the business community, its rise to global prominence through class warfare, its subtle redefining of human self-understanding via the notion of “human capital,” and its formation of an ethos of mercilessness. Central is treatment of four neoliberal-perpetuated and -exacerbated crises: environmental destruction, slum proliferation, mass incarceration, and mass deportation. This entails plumbing the sacrificial and racist depths of neoliberalism. The book offers an antineoliberal systematic theology founded on Trinitarian mercy, a neighbor anthropology and innkeeper ecclesiology, and a politics of mercy, or a civilizational program grounded in, yet reimagining, the traditional Catholic works of mercy. This coheres with a “playbook” for social transformation that uses the universal destination of goods and abolitionism to direct the corporal works of mercy against the neoliberal utopianism that brought enhanced ecological devastation, slum growth, mass imprisonment, and abuse of migrants. In concert with official Catholic teaching, the Gospel injunction to “be merciful,” and hopeful visions of various people of good will, Send Lazarus urges a robust antineoliberal and antiracist politics, which amounts to a joyous expression of Christic hope for abundant life.

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Burrows, Christian D. Enhanced Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) seed and seedling performance by matriconditioning with Micro-Cel E. 1992.

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Gheciu, Alexandra. Contestation, Cooperation, and Competition in (Re)Defining European Security. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813064.003.0004.

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Chapter 4 continues the exploration of practices of insertion of East European polities in the European field of security. Here, the focus is on the bigger picture of European security governance. Specifically, the chapter explores performances of security through which private security actors—including, increasingly, PSCs from former communist countries—seek to enhance their power and play more prominent roles in European security governance. In recent years, one of the most interesting developments in the European field of security has been the growing mobilization of the private security industry—especially within the framework of the Confederation of European Security Services (CoESS)—in an effort to enhance its role in security governance and security provision.

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Klämbt, Christian. Evolution of Glial Cells. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199794591.003.0001.

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This is a digitally enhanced text. Readers can also see the coverage of this topic area in the second edition of Neuroglia. The second edition of Neuroglia was first published digitally in Oxford Scholarship Online and the bibliographic details provided, if cited, will direct people to that version of the text. Readers can also see the coverage of this topic area in the ...

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Freeman, Marc R. Invertebrate Glia. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199794591.003.0002.

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Appel, Bruce. Nonmammalian Vertebrate Glia. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199794591.003.0003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Seed enhance"

Maroya, Norbert, Morufat Balogun, Beatrice Aighewi, Djana B. Mignouna, P. Lava Kumar, and Robert Asiedu. "Transforming Yam Seed Systems in West Africa." In Root, Tuber and Banana Food System Innovations, 421–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92022-7_14.

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AbstractThe availability of clean planting materials and functional seed regulatory systems is indispensable for fostering a sustainable seed yam system. The Yam Improvement for Income and Food Security in West Africa (YIIFSWA) project of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) developed the capacity of National Agricultural Research Institutes (NARIs) in their use of standardized Temporary Immersion Bioreactor (TIB) and Vivipak (VP) systems for high-ratio propagation and post-flask handling of yam breeder seed plantlets. Foundation seed was enhanced by supporting five private seed companies in Nigeria and three in Ghana. They were equipped with aeroponic and hydroponic technologies for foundation seed tuber production using single-node vine seedlings. For certified seed, seed yam out-growers were trained in good agronomic practices and entrepreneurship for certified seed tuber production using the adaptive yam minisett technique (AYMT). New certification standards were established for various classes of seed produced using different propagation methods and quality assurance procedures in Ghana and Nigeria. The capacity of the national regulatory organizations in both countries was enhanced to implement seed quality control and certification. Increased public sensitization and advocacy were done to raise awareness among relevant stakeholders to enhance the uptake of the seed propagation technologies and ensure a smooth interaction between the public and private sectors. This chapter summarizes the accomplishments of YIIFSWA in Ghana and Nigeria and the spillover impact on the yam belt of West Africa and beyond. The key lessons could inform the design and implementation of more effective seed projects, especially for vegetatively propagated crops.

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Gweyi-Onyango, Joseph P., Michael Ajanja Sakha, and Joyce Jefwa. "Agricultural Interventions to Enhance Climate Change Adaptation of Underutilized Root and Tuber Crops." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 61–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_40.

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AbstractAgricultural intensification worldwide is increasingly relying on a narrow range of crops such as rice, wheat, and maize. The reliability on this relatively small numbers of food diversities raises a very serious concern about the sustainability managing our nutrition today and in the future. We conducted a scoping review using online databases to identify various agricultural interventions that can be utilized for enhancement of underutilized root and tuber crops adaptability under the current observable effects of climate change. This is because reports of underutilized crops’ adaptability to climate change continues to remain anecdotal with limited research capacity to support them. The results mooted a wide range of crop production techniques that can be utilized in production of root and tuber crops. They includes biofertilizers, tied ridging method, improved seed varieties, management of community seed banks, cropping systems, irrigation methods, exploiting abandoned lands, agroforestry practice, clean seed production technologies, and nutrient use efficiency. Based on the findings, each of these interventions plays different roles in management of the negative impacts brought up by climate change and thus they would be useful when adopted in combination since package adoption would enable farmers to benefit from the positive synergy of the selected interventions. The interventions are therefore recommended not only for sustainability but also for profitable production to meet feed, food, energy, and fiber needs and foster economic growth in the ever changing world. Therefore this chapter contributes immensely towards the development of innovative mechanisms for strengthening the resilience of root and tuber crop.

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Lukurugu, Gerald Alex, Omari Kalanje Mponda, Essegbemon Akpo, Emmanuel S. Monyo, Joseph Nzunda, Happy Daudi, Athanas Joseph, Hamphfrey George Mlimbila, David Ndolelwa, and Charles Mkandawile. "Groundnut Seed Production and Distribution Through Multi-Stakeholder Platforms in Southern Region of Tanzania." In Enhancing Smallholder Farmers' Access to Seed of Improved Legume Varieties Through Multi-stakeholder Platforms, 9–30. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8014-7_2.

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AbstractSouthern Groundnut Platform (SGP) was established in 2016 to enhance seed access and adoption of improved groundnut varieties by farmers. The platform serves all districts in Lindi and Mtwara regions and Tunduru district in Ruvuma region. The platform has 53 members of which 22 are females and 31 are males. Since its establishment, there has been a marked increase in farm advisory services using government extension officers, community extension services and lead farmers. Groundnut seed production and distribution networks have increased to include more actors such as NGOs, seed companies, farmers groups and individual seed entrepreneurs. The increased seed access to farmers in the southern zone has contributed to 11% increase in area under cultivation resulting in 15% increase in groundnut production in Nanyumbu district between 2012 and 2018. New market linkages formed helped improve farm gate prices by 80% (from Tshs. 1000 to 1800). The platform also introduced 29 new labour saving technologies reducing women drudgery and increasing farmer improved varieties choice from 3 to 11 new varieties released between 2009 and 2018.

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Arumugam, Yuvaraja, Menaka Chinnusamy, Kavipriya Chinnusamy, and Senthil Kuppusamy. "Sorghum as Biofuel Crop: Interdisciplinary Methods to Enhance Productivity (Botany, Genetics, Breeding, Seed Technology, and Bioengineering)." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 253–70. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1323-8_17.

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Ustin, Susan L., and Stéphane Jacquemoud. "How the Optical Properties of Leaves Modify the Absorption and Scattering of Energy and Enhance Leaf Functionality." In Remote Sensing of Plant Biodiversity, 349–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33157-3_14.

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AbstractLeaves absorb, scatter, and transmit sunlight at all wavelengths across the visible, near-infrared, and shortwave-infrared spectrum. The optical properties of a leaf are determined by its biochemical and biophysical characteristics, including its 3-D cellular organization. The absorption and scattering properties of leaves together create the shape of their reflectance spectra. Terrestrial seed plant species share similar physiological and metabolic processes for fluxes of gases (CO2, O2, H2O), nutrients, and energy, while differences are primarily consequences of how these properties are distributed and their physical structures. Related species generally share biochemical and biophysical traits, and their optical properties are also similar, providing a mechanism for identification. However, it is often the minor differences in spectral properties throughout the wavelengths of the solar spectrum that define a species or groups of related species. This chapter provides a review and summary of the most common interactions between leaf properties and light and the physical processes that regulate the outcomes of these interactions.

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Chichaybelu, Mekasha, Nigusie Girma, Asnake Fikre, Bekele Gemechu, Tiruaynet Mekuriaw, Tesfaye Geleta, Wubishet Chiche, Jean-Claude Rubyogo, Essegbemon Akpo, and Chris O. Ojiewo. "Enhancing Chickpea Production and Productivity Through Stakeholders’ Innovation Platform Approach in Ethiopia." In Enhancing Smallholder Farmers' Access to Seed of Improved Legume Varieties Through Multi-stakeholder Platforms, 97–111. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8014-7_7.

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AbstractChickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the third important food legume both in area and production after common beans and faba beans in Ethiopia. However, the productivity of the crop was very low compared to the potential as a result of non-use of improved varieties and technologies generated by the research system. To enhance the use of the improved and associated research technologies a National Chickpea Stakeholders Innovation Platform was established in 2013 with the objective of bringing together various stakeholders acting on the value chain in order to identify major challenges and find solutions that would be implemented through synergetic efforts. The platform identified seed shortage as a major bottleneck in the sector. This issue has been addressed through establishing farmers’ seed producer associations with the help of R&D partners and currently they are the major suppliers nationwide. Side by side, the platform strengthened the extension effort and triggered dissemination of improved technologies to a large number of farmers. As a result, productivity of the crop by model farmers increased by fourfold and the national productivity has been doubled to 2 ton ha−1 in the last decade. The platform also worked on improving access to market and recently chickpea joined the Ethiopian Commodity Exchange market. Cognizant of the huge development potential of the crop, the platform is striving to further strengthen the intervention and reap opportunities.

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Priya, Preeti, Kartikay Bisen, Amitava Rakshit, and H. B. Singh. "Seedling Bio-priming with Trichoderma spp. Enhances Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Rice." In Advances in Seed Priming, 297–307. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0032-5_16.

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Rosenthal, Howard. "Enhance Sessions by Adjusting Group Treatment Exercises and Using Small Talk." In Before You See Your First Client, 87–91. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003169048-36.

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Zhang, Tianwei, and Yoshihiko Nakamura. "Enhanced Seed Finding for Scan-line Grouping Based LIDAR Plane Extraction." In Advances in Mechanism and Machine Science, 2179–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20131-9_216.

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Hussain, Hafiz Athar, Sadam Hussain, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum, and Saddam Hussain. "Seed Priming Toward Enhanced Chilling Tolerance in Field Crops: An Overview." In Priming and Pretreatment of Seeds and Seedlings, 265–86. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8625-1_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Seed enhance"

Alkotami, Linah, Brice Jarvis, Chaofu Lu, Doug Allen, Jianhui Zhang, John Sedbrook, Kathleen Schuler, Somnath Koley, and Timothy Durrett. "Targeted genome editing of industrial oilseed crops to enhance synthesis of functional lipids." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/orfd6797.

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Acetyl-triacylglycerols (acetyl-TAG) produced in the seeds of different Euonymus species are triacylglycerols (TAG) that possess an sn-3 acetate group instead of a long chain fatty acid. This unusual structure confers useful properties to acetyl-TAG, including reduced kinematic viscosity and improved cold temperature performance. Acetyl-TAG are synthesized by unique diacylglycerol acetyltransferases (DAcTs), expressed in the endosperm of Euonymus seeds, that use acetyl-CoA to acetylate the sn-3 position of diacylglycerol (DAG) molecules. Isolation and expression of DAcT enzymes from different Euonymus species has resulted in the successful accumulation of high levels of acetyl-TAG in different oil seed crops. For example, expression of EfDAcT isolated from E. fortunei caused acetyl-TAG levels of 81 mol% in camelina seeds and 51 mol% in pennycress. To increase acetyl-CoA supply for EfDAcT, CRISPR-based genome editing was used to generate mutations in FATTY ACID ELONGASE1 (FAE1) genes in both camelina and pennycress. FAE1 is a component of the fatty acid elongase complex that uses acetyl-CoA to produce the very long-chain fatty acids found in the seed oil of Brassicaceae species. Consistent with the hypothesis that eliminating FAE1 function results in more acetyl-CoA availability for acetyl-TAG synthesis, expression of EfDAcT in fae1 mutants resulted in very high levels of acetyl-TAG accumulation. This was particularly evident in pennycress fae1 lines where acetyl-TAG levels exceeded 95 mol% in the best transgenic lines. These results demonstrate the usefulness of genome editing to modify the genetic background of oilseed crops to enhance production of a targeted product.

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Adhvaryu, Atanu, Brajendra K. Sharma, and Sevim Z. Erhan. "Process Development and Tribochemical Evaluation of Seed Oil Based Antiwear/Antifriction Additive." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63380.

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Antiwear / antifriction additives enhance the ability of lubricant to withstand mechanical stresses of interacting surfaces under boundary lubrication conditions. Majority of the lubricants and additives currently used are petroleum based that are toxic to environment, making it increasingly difficult for safe and easy disposal. There has been an increasing demand for “green” lubricants and lubricant additives in recent years due to concerns about lubricants lost to the environment and increasingly strict government regulations controlling their use.

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Chun-Min Cheng, Chi-Mao Hsu, W. C. Lin, Hsin-Fu Huang, Yan-Chun Liu, Kun-Hsien Lin, Jin-Fu Lin, C. C. Huang, and JY Wu. "A novel pre-clean process of BEOL barrier-seed process to enhance reliability performance of advanced 40nm node." In 2011 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irps.2011.5784552.

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Fadairo, Olamide, Ruchira Nandasiri, N. A. Michael Eskin, and Martin Scanlon. "Efficacy of Air Frying as a Hot Air Pre-treatment Technique in Enhancing the Yield of the Major Oil-derived Sinapic Acid Derivatives from Canola Oil." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/klcp7266.

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Pre-treatment techniques such as dry heating by microwave roasting, conventional oven and air frying have been applied in the roasting of oil-seeds and their co-products prior to oil pressing to enhance canolol extraction. This research investigated the efficacy of air frying as hot air pre-heat treatment strategy for enhancing the extraction and recovery of oil-derived sinapic acid derivatives from canola oil. Air frying of canola seeds was conducted at temperature-time combinations of 160, 170, 180 and 190 oC for 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes, respectively. Oil was extracted using the Soxtec method. Extraction of oil-soluble sinapic acid derivatives (SADs) was conducted using an equal volume of hexane and 70% (v/v) aqueous methanol and quantified by HPLC-DAD. The results showed a time- temperature association for the recovery of the predominant oil-derived SADs from canola seed oil. The highest yield of canolol- a major oil-derived SAD was obtained at 190 oC for 15 mins air frying condition while sinapine and other unidentified SADs (RT-6.4, RT-8.1, RT-22.9 and RT-27.5 mins) were found in trace amounts with highest yield varying for individual SAD at different roasting conditions. This new pre-processing approach would be beneficial to the canola seed processing industry in improving canolol yield and the generation of novel antioxidant phenolic compounds with potential application in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries

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Tam, Andrea, Sierra Dunham, Daniela Barile, and Juliana M. Leite Nobrega De Moura Bell. "Tailoring the Ultrafiltration of Colostrum Whey to Produce a Bioactive Compound-rich Permeate for Subsequent Isolation by Nanofiltration." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/wpze3968.

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Marshall, K. Scott, Richard Crawford, Matthew Green, and Daniel Jensen. "Analogy Seeded Mind-Maps: Testing of a New Design-by-Analogy Tool." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-35323.

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Recent research has investigated methods based on design-by-analogy meant to enhance concept generation. This paper presents Analogy Seeded Mind-Maps, a new method to prompt generation of analogous solution principles drawn from multiple analogical domains. The method was evaluated in two separate design studies using senior engineering students. The method begins with identifying a primary functional design requirement such as “eject part.” We used this functional requirement “seed” to generate a WordTree of grammatically analogical words for each design team. We randomly selected a set of words from each WordTree list with varying lexical “distances” from the seed word, and used them to populate the first-level nodes of a mind-map, with the functional requirement seed as the central hub. Design team members first used the word list to individually generate solutions and then performed team concept generation using the analogically seeded mind-map. Quantity and uniqueness of the resulting verbal solution principles were evaluated. The solution principles were further analyzed to determine if the lexical “distance” from the seed word had an effect on the evaluated design metrics. The results of this study show Analogy Seeded Mind-Maps to be useful tool in generating analogous solutions for engineering design problems.

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Hendeniya, Nayanathara, Thisara Sandanuwan, D. A. S. Amarasinghe, Dinesh Attygalle, Sampath C. Weragoda, Bandula Ranaweera, Kamani Rathnayake, and Malki Lalanka. "Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment as a Cost-Effective and Eco-Friendly Pre-Treatment Method to Enhance Seed Perfomance in Germination and Early Seedling Growth." In 2021 Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mercon52712.2021.9525766.

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Liu, Junya. "Prediction of Protein and Amino Acid Contents in Canola Seeds and Canola Meal with Near-infrared Spectroscopy." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/vkld6020.

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Aim: The current study focused on developing and validating the near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) calibration models for predicting protein and amino acid contents in whole canola seeds and canola meal. This research investigated the effects of sample pre-treatments involving particle size reduction and lipid extraction and different types of spectrometers, including the diode array analyzer PerkinElmer DA7250 and the Fourier transform NIRS analyzer PerkinElmer FT9700 on the predictive performance of the NIRS calibration models.Methods: In total, 480 canola whole seed samples were selected from the 2015 and 2020 cropping year populations to produce canola meal samples and then analyze crude protein and amino acids concentrations with reference chemical methods; among those, 420 samples were assigned for constructing calibration models, while 60 samples were used for the validation study. The partial least square regression technique was used for model development and verification, performed on the Unscrambler X10.3 software with the spectra obtained from PerkinElmer DA7250 for both whole seed and meal samples and PerkinElmer 9700 for meal samples only.Results and Conclusion: The calibration models of crude protein and most amino acids except for Tryptophan, Histidine and Sulphur amino acids showed an acceptable coefficient of determinations (R2C= 0.677-0.885), while the NIR models for Tryptophan, Histidine, and Sulphur amino acids were less accurate which might require more work in the future study. Sample pre-treatments like particle size reduction and lipid extraction were found that have the potential to improve prediction ability. PerkinElmer DA 7250 was discovered with a similar performance to PerkinElmer FT9700 with no significant differences. This study indicates that the results are acceptable for screening the protein and amino acid contents in canola whole seeds and meals, this could be helpful for future quality control and the implementation of breeding strategies to enhance canola protein quality.

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Young-Hyun Oh and David J. Thuente. "Enhanced security of random seed DSSS algorithms against seed jamming attacks." In GLOBECOM 2012 - 2012 IEEE Global Communications Conference. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2012.6503211.

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Zhou, Leping, Yaofa Li, Minami Yoda, and G. P. Peterson. "Experimental Investigation on Near Wall Natural Convection With Fluorescent Nanoparticles." In ASME 2012 Third International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2012-75016.

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The mechanisms of microscale natural convection are yet to be understood for its fundamental characteristics differing from those at the macroscale. The spatial distribution of the fluid velocity in the near wall region, which is crucial to the mechanisms of microscale natural convection, is especially not well understood. An experimental investigation of the spatial velocity and the Brownian diffusion coefficient in the near wall region of a platinum heating wire, 20 micrometers in diameter, was conducted using a multilayer nano-particle image velocimetry (MnPIV) technique. The in-plane velocity of deionized water in the near wall region between a micro heating wire and a glass wall was measured using MnPIV technique with fluorescently tagged polystyrene nanoparticles, 200 nm in diameter. The results indicate that both the magnitude and the deviation of the fluid motion increases with increasing heat flux. The Brownian diffusion coefficient was also calculated and indicates that the Brownian motion in microscale natural convection is important, especially for nanoscale colloidal tracers. The thermophoresis was found to be negligible, even at low heating powers. To enhance the resolution of the fluid motion in the near wall region, it is necessary to use smaller fluorescent nanoparticles as seed tracers.

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Reports on the topic "Seed enhance"

Herman, Eliot D., Gad Galili, and Alan Bennett. Recognition and Disposal of Misfolded Seed Proteins. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568791.bard.

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This project was directed at determining mechanisms involved in storage of intrinsic and foreign storage proteins in seeds. Seeds constitute the majority of direct and indirect food. Understanding how seeds store proteins is important to design approaches to improve the quality of seed proteins through biotechnology. In the Israeli part of this project we have conducted investigations to elucidate the mechanisms involved in assembling wheat storage proteins into ER-derived protein bodies. The results obtained have shown how domains of storage protein molecules are critical in the assembly of protein bodies. In the US side of this project the fate of foreign and engineered proteins expressed in seeds has been investigated. Engineering seed proteins offers the prospect of improving the quality of crops. Many foreign proteins are unstable when expressed in transgenic seeds. The results obtained have demonstrated that sequestering foreign proteins in the ER or ER-derived protein bodies stabilizes the proteins permitting their accumulation. The collaboration conducted in this project has advanced the understanding how protein bodies are assembled and the potential to use the ER and protein bodies to store engineered proteins that can enhance the composition of seeds.

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Johnson, Justin. Fluorinated Covalent Organic Frameworks: A Novel Pathway to Enhance Hydrogen Sorption and Control Isosteric Heats of Adsorption; HyMARC Seed Project Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1735636.

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Anderson, Olin D., Gad Galili, and Ann E. Blechl. Enhancement of Essential Amino Acids in Cereal Seeds: Four Approaches to Increased Lysine Content. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1998.7585192.bard.

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Cereal seeds are the basis of the human diet, and their amino acid composition is thus of major nutritional and economic importance. Currently, deficiencies in essential amino acids are addressed, when possible, by additionalprotein sources or by supplementing animal feed with non-cereal protein or synthetic amino acids. A number of strategies have been suggested to make cereal flours more complete and balanced sources of amino acids, although systematic examination of such strategies is rare. This project proposed to begin such a systematic examination using four complementary and parallel approaches to increasing wheat seed lysine: 1) Modifying endogenous wheat seed proteins for increased lysine composition. 2) Overexpression of naturally occurring high-lysine proteins in the wheat endosperm. 3) Ectopic expression of proteins in the wheat endosperm. 4) Alteration of free lysine levels in the wheat endosperm. The results of these studies are expected to be wheat lines with increased lysine content and will establish a clearer understanding of the approaches most likely to enhance cereal seed protein quality. Progress is reported for all four objectives, with a significant foundation for further work on two of the objectives (modification of wheat storage proteins and lysine metabolism). Plans for continuing work on all four objectives are briefly outlined.

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Israel, Alvaro, and John Merrill. Production of Seed Stocks for Sustainable Tank Cultivation of the Red Edible Seaweed Porphyra. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7696527.bard.

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Porphyra species (commonly known as ‘nori’ or ‘purple laver’) are edible red seaweeds rich in proteins, vitamins and other highly valued biogenic compounds. For years Porphyra has been cultured using seeded nets extended in the open sea, and its biomass consumed primarily in the Far East. While demands for international markets have increased steadily at an average of 20% per year, supplies are on the verge and not expected to meet future demands. Alternatively, land-based cultivation of seaweed has become attractive in the mariculture industry since (1) important growth parameters can be controlled, (2) is environmentally friendly and (3) perfectly matches with integrated aquaculture leading to sustainable, high quality products. During the last few years a tank cultivation technology for Porphyra has been developed at the Israeli institution. This technology is based on indoor production of asexual spores and their subsequent growth to 1-2 mm seedlings. The seedlings are then transferred to outdoor tanks and ponds when seawater temperatures drop to 20 °C, or below, and days become shorter during winter time. However, the current technology efficiently serves only about 100 m2 of ponds during one growth season. In order to produce seedlings in sufficient amounts, it is critical to address both technical and biological aspects of seedling production, securing optimal up-scale to commercial-size cultivation farms. We hypothesize that massive production of spores is related to thalli origin, thalli age and sporulation triggers, and that seedling survival and their subsequent growth potential is determined by the seawater quality and overall indoor growth conditions imposed. A series of bio-reactors were constructed and tested in which spore release and spore growth were separately studied. The main assessment criteria for optimal viability of the seedlings will be by determining their electron transport rate using PAM fluorometry and by subsequent growth and biomass yields in outdoor ponds. Altogether the project showed (1), controlled sporulation is possible in big outdoor/growth chamber settings provided initial stock material (small frozen seedlings) is at hand, (2), contamination problems can be almost completely avoided if stock material is properly handled (clean as possible and partially dehydrated prior to freezing), (3), spore release can significantly be enhance using high nutrient levels during thawing for P. yezoensis and P. haitanensis, but not for P. rosengurttii, (4), PAM fluorometry is an efficient tool to estimate growth capacity in both seedlings and juvenile thalli. The BARD funding also served to explore other aspects of Porphyra biology and cultivation. For example, the taxonomical status of Porphyra strains used in this study was defined (see appendix), and the potential use of this seaweed in bioremediation was well substantiated. In addition, BARD funding supported a number of opportunities and activities in the Israeli lab, direct or indirectly related to the initial objectives of the project such as: additional molecular work in other seaweeds, description of at least 2 new species for the Israeli Mediterranean, and continuous support for the writing of a book on Global Change and applied aspects of seaweeds. The technology for Porphyra cultivation in land-based ponds is readily available. This study corroborated previous know-how of Porphyra growth in tanks and ponds, and yet offers important improvements regarding seedling production and their handling for successful cultivation. This study supported various other activities opening additional important issues in the biology/cultivation/use of Porphyra and other seaweeds.

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Granot, David, Scott Holaday, and Randy D. Allen. Enhancing Cotton Fiber Elongation and Cellulose Synthesis by Manipulating Fructokinase Activity. United States Department of Agriculture, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7613878.bard.

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a. Objectives (a) Identification and characterization of the cotton fiber FRKs; (b) Generating transgenic cotton plants overproducing either substrate inhibited tomato FRK or tomato FRK without substrate inhibition; (c) Generating transgenic cotton plants with RNAi suppression of fiber expressed FRKs; (d) Generating Arabidopsis plants that over express FRK1, FRK2, or both genes, as additional means to assess the contribution of FRK to cellulose synthesis and biomass production. b. Background to the topic: Cellulose synthesis and fiber elongation are dependent on sugar metabolism. Previous results suggested that FRKs (fructokinase enzymes that specifically phosphorylate fructose) are major players in sugar metabolism and cellulose synthesis. We therefore hypothesized that increasing fructose phosphorylation may enhance fiber elongation and cellulose synthesis in cotton plants. Accordinlgy, the objectives of this research were: c. Major conclusions and achievements: Two cotton FRKs expressed in fibers, GhFRK2 and GhFRK3, were cloned and characterized. We found that GhFRK2 enzyme is located in the cytosol and GhFRK3 is located within plastids. Both enzymes enable growth on fructose (but not on glucose) of hexose kinase deficient yeast strain, confirming the fructokinase activity of the cloned genes. RNAi constructs with each gene were prepared and sent to the US collaborator to generate cotton plants with RNAi suppression of these genes. To examine the effect of FRKs using Arabidopsis plants we generated transgenic plants expressing either LeFRK1 or LeFRK2 at high level. No visible phenotype has been observed. Yet, plants expressing both genes simultaneously are being created and will be tested. To test our hypothesis that increasing fructose phosphorylation may enhance fiber cellulose synthesis, we generated twenty independent transgenic cotton plant lines overexpressing Lycopersicon (Le) FRK1. Transgene expression was high in leaves and moderate in developing fiber, but enhanced FRK activity in fibers was inconsistent between experiments. Some lines exhibited a 9-11% enhancement of fiber length or strength, but only one line tested had consistent improvement in fiber strength that correlated with elevated FRK activity in the fibers. However, in one experiment, seed cotton mass was improved in all transgenic lines and correlated with enhanced FRK activity in fibers. When greenhouse plants were subjected to severe drought during flowering and boll development, no genotypic differences in fiber quality were noted. Seed cotton mass was improved for two transgenic lines but did not correlate with fiber FRK activity. We conclude that LeFRK1 over-expression in fibers has only a small effect on fiber quality, and any positive effects depend on optimum conditions. The improvement in productivity for greenhouse plants may have been due to better structural development of the water-conducting tissue (xylem) of the stem, since stem diameters were larger for some lines and the activity of FRK in the outer xylem greater than observed for wild-type plants. We are testing this idea and developing other transgenic cotton plants to understand the roles of FRK in fiber and xylem development. We see the potential to develop a cotton plant with improved stem strength and productivity under drought for windy, semi-arid regions where cotton is grown. d. Implications, scientific and agricultural: FRKs are probably bottle neck enzymes for biomass and wood synthesis and their increased expression has the potential to enhance wood and biomass production, not only in cotton plants but also in other feed and energy renewable plants.

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Hefetz, Abraham, and Justin O. Schmidt. Use of Bee-Borne Attractants for Pollination of Nonrewarding Flowers: Model System of Male-Sterile Tomato Flowers. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586462.bard.

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The use of bee natural product for enhancing pollination is especially valuable in problematic crops that are generally avoided by bees. In the present research we attempted to enhance bee visitation to Male Sterile (M-S) tomato flowers generally used in the production of hybrid seeds. These flowers that lack both pollen and nectar are unattractive to bees that learn rapidly to avoid them. The specific objects were to elucidate the chemical composition of the exocrine products of two bumble bee species the North American Bombus impatiens and the Israeli B. terrestris. Of these, to isolate and identify a bee attractant which when sprayed on M-S tomato flowers will enhance bee visitation, and to provide a procedure of the pheromone application regime. During the research we realized that our knowledge of B. impatiens is too little and we narrowed the objective to learning the basic social behavior of the bees and the pattern of foraging in a flight chamber and how it is affected by biogenic amines. Colonies of B. impatiens are characterized by a high number of workers and a relatively small number of queens. Size differences between queens and workers are pronounced and the queen seems to have full control over egg laying. Only about 9% of the workers in mature colonies had mature oocytes, and there were no signs of a "competition phase" as we know in B. terrestris. Queens and workers differ in their exocrine bouquet. Queen's Dufour's gland possesses a series of linear, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons whereas that of workers contains in addition a series of wax-type esters. Bees were trained to either visit or avoid artificially scented electronic flowers in a flight chamber. Since bee also learned to avoid scented non-rewarding flowers we attempted to interfere with this learning. We tested the effect of octopamine, a biogenic amine affecting bee behavior, on the choice behavior of free-flying bumblebees. Our results show that octopamine had no significant effect on the bees' equilibrium choice or on the overall rate of the behavioral change in response to the change in reward. Rather, octopamine significantly affected the time interval between the change in reward status and the initiation of behavioral change in the bee. In B. terrestris we studied the foraging pattern of the bees on tomato flowers in a semi commercial greenhouse in Yad Mordechai. Bee learned very quickly to avoid the non- rewarding M-S flowers, irrespective of their arrangement in the plot, i.e., their mixing with normal, pollen bearing flowers. However, bees seem to "forget" this information during the night since the foraging pattern repeats itself the next morning. Several exocrine products were tested as visitation enhancers. Among these, tarsal gland extracts are the most attractive. The compounds identified in the tarsal gland extract are mostly linear saturated hydrocarbons with small amounts of unsaturated ones. Application was performed every second day on leaves in selected inflorescences. Bee visitation increased significantly in the treated inflorescences as compared to the control, solvent treated. Treatment of the anthers cone was more effective than on the flower petals or the surrounding leaves. Methanol proved to be a non-flower-destructive solvent. We have shown that bumble bees (B. terrestris) can be manipulated by bee-borne attractants to visit non-rewarding flowers. We have further demonstrated that the bees learning ability can be manipulated by applying exogenously octopamine. Both methods can be additively applied in enhancing pollination of desired crops. Such manipulation will be especially useful in tomato cultivation for hybrid seed production.

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Zhang, Hongbin B., David J. Bonfil, and Shahal Abbo. Genomics Tools for Legume Agronomic Gene Mapping and Cloning, and Genome Analysis: Chickpea as a Model. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586464.bard.

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The goals of this project were to develop essential genomic tools for modern chickpea genetics and genomics research, map the genes and quantitative traits of importance to chickpea production and generate DNA markers that are well-suited for enhanced chickpea germplasm analysis and breeding. To achieve these research goals, we proposed the following research objectives in this period of the project: 1) Develop an ordered BAC library with an average insert size of 150 - 200 kb (USA); 2) Develop 300 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers with an aid of the BAC library (USA); 3) Develop SSR marker tags for Ascochyta response, flowering date and grain weight (USA); 4) Develop a molecular genetic map consisting of at least 200 SSR markers (Israel and USA); 5) Map genes and QTLs most important to chickpea production in the U.S. and Israel: Ascochyta response, flowering and seed set date, grain weight, and grain yield under extreme dryland conditions (Israel); and 6) Determine the genetic correlation between the above four traits (Israel). Chickpea is the third most important pulse crop in the world and ranks the first in the Middle East. Chickpea seeds are a good source of plant protein (12.4-31.5%) and carbohydrates (52.4-70.9%). Although it has been demonstrated in other major crops that the modern genetics and genomics research is essential to enhance our capacity for crop genetic improvement and breeding, little work was pursued in these research areas for chickpea. It was absent in resources, tools and infrastructure that are essential for chickpea genomics and modern genetics research. For instance, there were no large-insert BAC and BIBAC libraries, no sufficient and user- friendly DNA markers, and no intraspecific genetic map. Grain sizes, flowering time and Ascochyta response are three main constraints to chickpea production in drylands. Combination of large seeds, early flowering time and Ascochyta blight resistance is desirable and of significance for further genetic improvement of chickpea. However, it was unknown how many genes and/or loci contribute to each of the traits and what correlations occur among them, making breeders difficult to combine these desirable traits. In this period of the project, we developed the resources, tools and infrastructure that are essential for chickpea genomics and modern genetics research. In particular, we constructed the proposed large-insert BAC library and an additional plant-transformation-competent BIBAC library from an Israeli advanced chickpea cultivar, Hadas. The BAC library contains 30,720 clones and has an average insert size of 151 kb, equivalent to 6.3 x chickpea haploid genomes. The BIBAC library contains 18,432 clones and has an average insert size of 135 kb, equivalent to 3.4 x chickpea haploid genomes. The combined libraries contain 49,152 clones, equivalent to 10.7 x chickpea haploid genomes. We identified all SSR loci-containing clones from the chickpea BAC library, generated sequences for 536 SSR loci from a part of the SSR-containing BACs and developed 310 new SSR markers. From the new SSR markers and selected existing SSR markers, we developed a SSR marker-based molecular genetic map of the chickpea genome. The BAC and BIBAC libraries, SSR markers and the molecular genetic map have provided essential resources and tools for modern genetic and genomic analyses of the chickpea genome. Using the SSR markers and genetic map, we mapped the genes and loci for flowering time and Ascochyta responses; one major QTL and a few minor QTLs have been identified for Ascochyta response and one major QTL has been identified for flowering time. The genetic correlations between flowering time, grain weight and Ascochyta response have been established. These results have provided essential tools and knowledge for effective manipulation and enhanced breeding of the traits in chickpea.

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McAleavey, Stephen. Enhanced Ultrasound Visualization of Bracytherapy Seeds by a Novel Magnetically Induced Motion Imaging Method. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada491601.

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McAleavey, Stephen. Enhanced Ultrasound Visualization of Brachytherapy Seeds by a Novel Magnetically Induced Motion Imaging Method. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada538243.

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Yonally, Emilie, Nadia Butler, Santiago Ripoll, and Olivia Tulloch. Review of the Evidence Landscape on the Risk Communication and Community Engagement Interventions Among the Rohingya Refugees to Enhance Healthcare Seeking Behaviours in Cox's Bazar. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.032.

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This report is the first output in a body of work undertaken to identify operationally feasible suggestions to improve risk communication and community engagement efforts (RCCE) with displaced Rohingya people in Cox’s Bazar. Specifically, these should seek to improve healthcare seeking behaviour and acceptance of essential health services in the camps where the Rohingya reside. It was developed by the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) at the request of the UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office in Bangladesh. As a first step in this process, this review paper synthesises and assesses the quality of evidence landscape available in Cox’s Bazar and how the Rohingya seek and access healthcare services in Cox’s Bazar and presents the findings from key informant interviews on the topic. Findings are structured in five discussion sections: (1) evidence quality; (2) major themes and variations in the evidence; (3) learnings drawn and recommendations commonly made; (4) persistent bottlenecks; and (5) areas for further research. This synthesis will inform a roundtable discussion with key actors working for the Rohingya refugees to identify next steps for RCCE and research efforts in Cox’s Bazar to improve health outcomes among the Rohingya.

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