Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Seed coatings'
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Morrison, Benjamin Anthony. "Assessing Potential Solutions to Mitigate Pollution from Neonicotinoid Seed Coatings." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101049.
Full textMaster of Science
Pesticides called neonicotinoids are commonly applied to seeds in row crops, such as corn and soybeans, before they are planted. These pesticides are highly soluble in water, which can lead to them exiting fields through runoff or leaching. This thesis is comprised of two studies that examined several potential solutions for decreasing the amount of neonicotinoids available for transport. The first study examined the relationship between organic carbon in the soil and neonicotinoids, and whether this relationship helps to retain neonicotinoids in a soybean field. Soils with high organic carbon content decreased the amount of neonicotinoids exiting the field during early growing season storms; however, at the end of the season, high organic carbon content only decreased losses for one of the pesticides studied. The second study was to determine which of six plant species and two mixes used as cover crops or buffers were the most effective at removing neonicotinoids from soil, as well as where in the plant these neonicotinoids go after uptake. Ground covers, such as crimson clover, had the highest recovery of applied neonicotinoids, meaning they would be good candidates for planting around fields. Ultimately, neonicotinoid accumulation was higher in leaves than in stems or roots, meaning that removing and disposing of leaves in an environmentally safe way could be an effective way to decrease neonicotinoid pollution. From these two studies, I found that 1) increasing organic matter in the soil can stop neonicotinoids from exiting the area it was applied in, and 2) careful consideration of plant species in or around the field may help intercept neonicotinoids before they exit the field.
Pellegrene, Brittany Ann. "Modification of Alkyd Resins and Seed Oil Based Reactive Diluents for High Performance Coatings." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1560887968530216.
Full textAgyepong, Andoh-Baidoo Rosemarie. "SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE COMPOUND II INTERMEDIATE OF SOYBEAN PEROXIDASE FROM SOYBEAN SEED COATINGS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/20.
Full textRies, Patrick Verfasser], Matthias [Akademischer Betreuer] Wuttig, and Dieter [Akademischer Betreuer] [Mergel. "Silver thin films : improving the efficiency of low-E coatings by employing different seed layers / Patrick Ries ; Matthias Wuttig, Dieter Mergel." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1126971634/34.
Full textRies, Patrick [Verfasser], Matthias Akademischer Betreuer] Wuttig, and Dieter [Akademischer Betreuer] [Mergel. "Silver thin films : improving the efficiency of low-E coatings by employing different seed layers / Patrick Ries ; Matthias Wuttig, Dieter Mergel." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1126971634/34.
Full textTaylor, Justin Blake. "Deterring Rodent Seed Predation Using Seed-Coating Technologies." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/9045.
Full textStendahl, Fredrik. "Seed coating for delayed germination : a tool for relay cropping of annual crops /." Uppsala : Department of Ecology and Crop Production Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/9884068.pdf.
Full textBenatto, Junior João Carlos. "Qualidade fisiológica de sementes de soja tratadas com fungicida e recobertas com polímeros." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2008. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/1464.
Full textThe use of polymers in soybean seeds has been accomplished with the purpose of incorporating products like insecticides, fungicides, growing substances, minor fertilizers and so on, in order to improve the visual aspect of the seed, to promote smaller operator's intoxication risk and to provide a better seeds' acting and seedlings after sowing. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the recovered seeds' effects in soybeans seed quality lots of high and low germination of the cv. AG 7000. The seed's film coating was accomplished with two commercial marks of polymers, LABORSAN ® , and LANXESS ® , in doses of 2 and 3,5 ml for each kg with and without mixture of the fungicide Carbendazim + Thiram (firewalk ® ). The seeds' quality evalutions, were measured by the germination test, germination in sand and accelerated aging. The use of polymers in soybean seeds provides seeds with good appearance and coloration and can be applied to differentiate the seed from the commercial grain. The fungicide and the polymers do not affect the physiological quality of soybean seed. The results of the polymers and fungicide were superior in the test of accelerated aging, showing higher germination in relation to the check treatment.
O uso de polímeros em sementes de soja vem sendo realizado com a finalidade de incorporar produtos fitossanitários, melhorar o aspecto visual da semente, promover menor risco de intoxicação do operador e proporcionar um melhor desempenho de sementes e plântulas após a sua semeadura. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do recobrimento na qualidade de semente de soja de alta e baixa germinação da cv. AG 7000. O revestimento foi realizado com duas marcas comerciais de polímeros, LABORSAN ® , e LANXESS ® , nas doses de 2 e 3,5 mL para cada kg de semente com e sem mistura do fungicida Carbendazim + Thiram (firewalk ® ). As avaliações da qualidade das sementes foram realizadas por meio do teste de germinação, germinação em substrato de areia e envelhecimento acelerado. O uso de polímeros na semente de soja proporciona sementes com boa aparência e coloração, podendo ser aplicado para diferenciar a semente do grão comercial. O fungicida e o polímero não prejudicam a qualidade fisiológica da semente de soja. Os resultados do polímero e fungicida foram superiores no teste de envelhecimento acelerado, apresentando maior percentual de germinação em relação à testemunha.
Parkinson, Morgan Elaine. "Developing Rangeland Restoration Techniques: A Look at Phosphorus Fertilizer as a Seed Coating to Improve Bluebunch Wheatgrass Growth." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/9171.
Full textEmídio, Marlene Rodrigues. "Avaliação da utilização de argila negra na produção de seed balls em contexto climático mediterrânico." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/29229.
Full textDias, Marcos Altomani Neves. "Tratamento de sementes de milho com zinco e cobre." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-04022014-153538/.
Full textSeed treatment is a potential tool for supplying micronutrients on maize crop (Zea mays L.), enabling a better plant stand establishment in the field. Soils presenting insufficient levels of zinc and copper to plants are common in various agricultural regions throughout Brazil and the world. Thus, the supply of such elements via seeds can be viable and effective for maize crop. This study aimed to evaluate different maize seed treatments containing Zn and Cu, related to the effects on seeds physiological quality and nutritional efficiency. Thus, four seeds lots of the corn hybrid 2B688Hx, differing in size and vigor, were used for this study. The treatments were composed of liquid suspensions containing Zn oxide and Cu carbonate, applied together or separately at different dosages. The lots were evaluated by seed moisture, germination and cold test in five periods: 0, 30, 60, 180 and 360 days. Seedling emergence, seedling emergence speed and image analysis of root growth (software SVIS®) were also performed in the first three periods. The plants development was assessed by height, leaf area and dry weight of roots and shoots. The efficiencies of absorption, transport and utilization were calculated with the data of seedlings dry weight and tissues content of Zn and Cu. The physiological quality of maize seeds is not affected by the treatments containing Zn and Cu, together or separated, during the twelve-month storage period; on the other hand, the treatments containing only Cu caused phytotoxicity on paper-based tests, affecting mainly the seedlings root development. Seed treatment with zinc and copper is a viable and effective approach for supplying these elements to maize plants.
Bastiani, Celia. "Seed coating with Fusarium oxysporum M12-4A for the biocontrol of Striga hermonthica Del. Benth." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32755.
Full textNel, Leana. "The role of seed coating in the establishment and growth of Medicago sativa L. cultivars." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/41071.
Full textDissertation (MSc Agric)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Plant Production and Soil Science
unrestricted
Keefer, Chelsea Elizabeth. "Use of Plant Growth Regulators to Expand the Period of Sagebrush Seed Germination and Reduce the Risk of Restoration Failure: Laboratory Trials." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8576.
Full textPasha, Mehrdad. "Analysis of flow, breakage and coating of corn seeds in a mixer." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11991/.
Full textWestcott, Marguerite. "An evaluation of the germination and establishment of three selected coated grass species in different soil types for rehabilitation / Marguerite Westcott." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7603.
Full textThesis (M.Sc. (Environmental Sciences))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
Gorim, Linda Yuya [Verfasser], and Folkard [Akademischer Betreuer] Asch. "Effects of seed coating on germination and early seedling growth in cereals / Linda Yuya Gorim. Betreuer: Folkard Asch." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1055990259/34.
Full textFurlani, Ana Caroline Ferreira Athayde. "Performance da aplicação de polímero no tratamento de sementes de amendoim /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105108.
Full textAbstract: Due to the importance of the peanut culture in Jaboticabal region and to the necessity of increase its production technology, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the possibility of to utilize the film-coating technique in this culture seeds. It was realized three assays: a) in laboratory relating to the effect of the treatment on peanut seeds germination and vigor, b) in greenhouse relating to seeds germination in infested soil with Rhizoctonia solani and c) in the field assay relating to the influence of treatment on culture production. It was utilized two peanut seed lots of Runner IAC 886 cultivar with high and low vigor. Seeds received the following treatments: control, Laborsan® film-coating (2,0 mL.kg-1 seeds), fungicide Fludioxonil (Maxin XL) - (1,5 mL.kg-1 seeds) recovered with the Laborsan® film-coating (2,0 mL.kg-1 seeds) and fungicide Fludioxonil (Maxin XL) - (1,5 mL.kg-1 seeds). Seeds vigor level had effect in all evaluations. The film-coating used in this work did not affect peanut seeds physiological potential and either the fungicide efficiency, showing a promising technique, however, it must had utilized only with fungicide because it does not control soil pathogens.
Orientadora: Rita de Cassia Panizzi
Coorientador: Rubens Sader
Banca: Margarida Fumiko Ito
Banca: Nilvanira Donizete Tebaldi
Banca: Margarete Camargo
Banca: Adriana Zanin Kronka
Doutor
Furlani, Ana Caroline Ferreira Athayde [UNESP]. "Performance da aplicação de polímero no tratamento de sementes de amendoim." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105108.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Devido à importância da cultura do amendoim na região de Jaboticabal e à necessidade de incremento em sua tecnologia de produção, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a possibilidade de utilizar a técnica de peliculização em sementes dessa cultura. Foram realizados três ensaios: a) em laboratório, sobre o efeito do tratamento na germinação e vigor de sementes de amendoim, b) em casa de vegetação, sobre a eficiência do tratamento na germinação de sementes em solo infestado com Rhizoctonia solani e c) ensaio em campo, sobre a influência do tratamento na produção da cultura. Foram utilizados dois lotes de sementes de amendoim, da cultivar Runner IAC 886, de alto e baixo vigor. As sementes receberam os seguintes tratamentos: testemunha, polímero Laborsan® (2,0 mL.kg-1 sementes), fungicida Fludioxonil (Maxin XL) – (1,5 mL.kg-1 sementes) revestido com o polímero Laborsan® (2,0 mL.kg-1 sementes) e fungicida Fludioxonil (Maxin XL) – (1,5 mL.kg-1 sementes). O nível de vigor das sementes teve efeito em todas as avaliações realizadas. O polímero utilizado neste trabalho não afetou o potencial fisiológico das sementes de amendoim, nem a eficiência do fungicida testado, mostrando-se uma técnica promissora, porém, deve ser utilizado somente em conjunto com fungicidas por não controlar patógenos de solo.
Due to the importance of the peanut culture in Jaboticabal region and to the necessity of increase its production technology, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the possibility of to utilize the film-coating technique in this culture seeds. It was realized three assays: a) in laboratory relating to the effect of the treatment on peanut seeds germination and vigor, b) in greenhouse relating to seeds germination in infested soil with Rhizoctonia solani and c) in the field assay relating to the influence of treatment on culture production. It was utilized two peanut seed lots of Runner IAC 886 cultivar with high and low vigor. Seeds received the following treatments: control, Laborsan® film-coating (2,0 mL.kg-1 seeds), fungicide Fludioxonil (Maxin XL) – (1,5 mL.kg-1 seeds) recovered with the Laborsan® film-coating (2,0 mL.kg-1 seeds) and fungicide Fludioxonil (Maxin XL) – (1,5 mL.kg-1 seeds). Seeds vigor level had effect in all evaluations. The film-coating used in this work did not affect peanut seeds physiological potential and either the fungicide efficiency, showing a promising technique, however, it must had utilized only with fungicide because it does not control soil pathogens.
Müller, Juceli. "Tratamentos de sementes de melão e os efeitos sobre a qualidade sanitária e fisiológica." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5101.
Full textCucumis melo is one of the most important horticultural species representing the family Cucurbitaceae, moreover, it is the leader fruit concerning value and volume of exportation in Brazil. As in other cultures, both physiological and health quality of seeds used in the crop establishment are critical to ensure an appropriate population of plants and with high quality and productivity. Treatment of seeds is employed in order to protect them against pathogens, as well as, to accelerate and uniform their germination. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the physiological and health quality of melon seeds, cv. Gaúcho Redondo‟, treated with chemical fungicides, biocontrol agents, micronutrients and polymer. Application rates followed recommendations described by manufacturers. Evaluation of physiological traits was undertaken by means of germination, seedlings length, cold storage, germination at low temperatures, greenhouse emergence and emergence speed index tests. Health quality tests, by the other hand, were determined by Blotter test , transmission and pathogenicity of Fusarium spp. isolated from melon seeds. Treatments with micronutrients, purely or combined with polymer coating, incremented in seed germination, as well as, the emergence and the emergence speed index. Trichoderma spp. also provided a significant increase in the first count and germination. The fungicide Captan® acted efficiently on Fusarium spp. present in the seeds, though it had not been totally eradicated. This pathogen associated with melon seeds did not affect the germination process of them.
Cucumis melo é uma das principais hortaliças representantes da família Cucurbitaceae, além disso, é a fruta líder em valor e volume de exportação no Brasil. Como em todas as culturas, a qualidade fisiológica e sanitária das sementes utilizadas na implantação da lavoura é fundamental para garantir uma população adequada de plantas e com elevada qualidade e produtividade. O tratamento de sementes é utilizado para promover a proteção das sementes contra patógenos causadores de doenças e proporcionar uma germinação mais rápida e uniforme. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade fisiológica e sanitária das sementes de melão, cultivar Gaúcho Redondo, após tratamento das mesmas com fungicidas químicos, agentes de biocontrole, micronutrientes e polímero. As doses de aplicação dos produtos seguiram as recomendações dos fabricantes e as avaliações da qualidade fisiológica das sementes foram realizadas através do teste de germinação, comprimento de plântulas, teste de frio, germinação a baixas temperaturas, emergência em casa de vegetação e índice de velocidade de emergência. Já a qualidade sanitária foi determinada pelo teste de sanidade, transmissão e patogenicidade de isolados de Fusarium spp. obtidos das sementes de melão. Os tratamentos com micronutrientes, isolados ou com recobrimento de polímero, promoveram incremento na germinação das sementes, assim como na emergência e no índice de velocidade de emergência. Trichoderma spp. também proporcionou aumento significativo na primeira contagem e na germinação. O fungicida Captan® atuou de forma eficiente no controle de Fusarium spp. presente nas sementes, embora não tenha erradicado totalmente. Este patógeno, associado às sementes de melão, não interferiu no processo germinativo das mesmas.
Badrakh, Turmandakh. "Effects of Abscisic Acid (ABA) on Germination Rate of Three Rangeland Species." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5881.
Full textMelo, Aniela Pilar Campos de. "Peliculização de sementes de tomate associada ao paclobutrazol." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/5080.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Seed treatment with paclobutrazol should be enhanced and coating technologies, such as film coating can be applied uniformly and promising to fix this regulator in the seed coat without allowing a contact damaging the embryo. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the technical feasibility of the film coating tomato seeds with paclobutrazol on seed physiological potential and the implications on the growth of seedlings. The research was carried out in the Laboratory of the “Setor de Horticultura” and at nursery seedling of “Setor de Manejo Integrado de Pragas” of “Escola de Agronomia e Engenharia de Alimentos” from March to October 2012. Three experiments were conducted. First, to define the best dosage of polymer coating, the treatments were arranged in a 2 x 4 factorial, with two cultivars (Santa Clara and Kada Gigante) and four concentrations of polymer Disc AG Red L-203® (0, 50, 100 and 150 mL kg-1 seed). In the second, with the polymer concentration established, the potential adhesive film coating for seed treatment with paclobutrazol was determined through a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement, presence or absence of the coating polymer Disc AG Red L-203® (0 and 150 ml kg-1 seed) and four paclobutrazol concentration PBZ (0, 35, 70 and 105 mg L-1). In the third, the tomato seed conditioning with PBZ (50 mg L-1) and coating polymer Disc AG Red L-203® (150 mL kg-1 seed) were evaluated. The film coating promotes negative effects on germination of cultivar Santa Clara. The cultivate Kada Gigante obtained a superior performance to Santa Clara as the emergence of seedlings. The use of hydrophilic polymer (150 ml kg-1 seed) increased 4% seedling emergence compared to control. The PBZ resulted in reductions in 27% germination, 8% seedling emergence, 19% seedling height, 20% leaf area and in increase in the detection of chlorophyll of 24%, compared to control. Imbibition of seeds with PBZ, even with the presence of the polymer coating, harmed the speed of germination and seedling emergence. In conclusion, the effect of film coating on the germination of tomato seeds depends on the cultivar. The seed physiological potential can increased by the use of polymer coating, although it does not occur for the production of seedlings. PBZ is effective in seedling growth control, but affect the germination and seed vigor. The film coating as a vehicle for fixation of paclobutrazol is not indicated due to maintenance of reduced seedling emergence.
O tratamento de sementes com paclobutrazol deve ser aprimorado e tecnologias de recobrimento, como a peliculização, podem ser promissoras para aplicar uniformemente fixar este regulador no tegumento das sementes sem permitir um contato prejudicial ao embrião. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho consistiu em avaliar a viabilidade técnica da peliculização de sementes de tomate associada ao paclobutrazol sob o comportamento fisiológico de sementes e as implicações no crescimento de mudas. A pesquisa foi conduzida no Laboratório do Setor de Horticultura e em casa de vegetação do Setor de Manejo Integrado de Pragas da Escola de Agronomia e Engenharia de Alimentos, de março a outubro de 2012. Foram conduzidos três experimentos. Primeiramente, os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, sendo duas cultivares (Santa Clara e Kada Gigante) e quatro concentrações do polímero Disco AG Red L-203® (0, 50, 100 e 150 mL kg-1 de semente) para definição da melhor dose de polímero de revestimento. No segundo, com a dose de polímero estabelecida, o potencial adesivo da peliculização para o tratamento de sementes com paclobutrazol foi determinado por meio de um arranjo fatorial 2 x 4, sendo presença ou ausência do polímero de revestimento Disco AG Red L-203® (0 e 150 mL kg-1 semente) e quatro concentrações de paclobutrazol - PBZ (0, 35, 70 e 105 mg L-1). No terceiro, o condicionamento de sementes de tomate com PBZ (50 mg L-1) e polímero de revestimento Disco AG Red L-203® (150 mL kg-1 de semente) foram avaliados. A peliculização prejudicou a germinação de sementes da cultivar Santa Clara. A cultivar Kada Gigante obteve um desempenho superior a Santa Clara quanto à emergência de plântulas. O uso de polímero hidrofílico (150 mL kg-1 de semente) aumentou 4% a emergência de plântulas, em relação ao controle. O PBZ propiciou reduções de 27% na germinação, 8% na emergência de plântulas, 19% na altura de parte aérea, 20% na área foliar e aumento de 24% na detecção de clorofila, em relação ao controle. A embebição de sementes com PBZ, mesmo com a presença do polímero de revestimento, prejudicou a velocidade de germinação e a emergência de plântulas. Conclui-se que o efeito da peliculização na germinação de sementes de tomate depende da cultivar utilizada. O potencial fisiológico pode ser incrementado pelo uso de polímeros de revestimento, sendo que isto não ocorre para a produção de mudas. O PBZ é eficiente no condicionamento da altura de mudas, mas prejudica a germinação e o vigor de sementes. A peliculização como veículo para fixação do PBZ não é indicada devido à manutenção da redução da emergência de plântulas.
Fund, Adam J. "Novel Treatments for Native Forb Restoration in The Great Basin." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7010.
Full textRosso, Giovana Américo. "Recobrimento de sementes silvestres em panela rotatória." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4116.
Full textUniversidade Federal de Sao Carlos
In order to minimize the effects caused by the development of Brazil, such as the suppression of riparian forest, one has searched for tree species that have the characteristics needed for the recovery of degraded areas. Given this, studies focus on higher plants of encapsulated wild fruits, especially the Mabea fistulifera Mart. Considering that M. fistulifera reproduces through embryonic units that need to be treated, this study aimed to evaluate the drying of wild fruits with explosive dehiscence and the coating "in natura" seed with gel mixture via coating pan, as well as evaluating the tolerance of embryos related to the immediate effects of the processes. Thus, the experimental procedure consisted of the collection of capsular fruits and extraction of seeds of fruit by drying so were analyzed drying methods via radiation, natural convection, forced convection and coating pan. It was considered for the drying methods analysis the opening fruit speed and seed vigor. Thus, all processes allowed physiological recovery of embryos, but the extraction method via pan promoted the highest opening speed of the fruits. Once performed the extraction, the seeds were separated from the inert material obtaining pure batches of seeds. There were also characterizations of size, shape and specific mass obtaining the results (0,78±0,05) cm, (0,67±0,04) cm and (0,59±0,04) cm for Dmax, Dmédio and Dmim, respectively, form factor (0,75±0,01), specific mass of (1,20±0,01) g/cm³ and apparent mass of (0,82±0,01) g/cm³. Analyzes were also made for chemical seed yielding (82,93±0,11)% of dry matter (19,03±0,78)% crude protein, (1,18±0,11) g/kg calcium (0,65±0,03) g/kg magnesium (0,58±0,04) g/kg phosphorus (13,45±0,33) g/kg potassium (0,70±0,03) g/kg of sulfur. The process of coating seeds, through reaction between sodium alginate gel and calcium chloride salt at different angles of inclination and rotation speed of the coating pan, was also analyzed. Thus, it was found that to achieve the coating of the particles it was necessary to prepare the particle surface by chemical scarification, in order to increase the surface roughness of the seed, followed by rehydration with saturated calcium chloride. This way, it was found that the angle of 25° and speed of 25 rpm generate the greatest quantity of mass adhered on seeds. In addition, tests were performed to verify the efficiency of the coating process, and with the lowest angle set in experimental design was found higher values of efficiency. In tests of particle growth was evaluated that the process time was approximately 8 seconds. Finally, the analysis and processing of data obtained through statistical techniques and equations from literature were performed. In this way, the results contributed to improvements in drying processes of wild fruits and the coating of seeds of the pioneer species M. fistulífera.
A fim de minimizar os efeitos causados pelo desenvolvimento do Brasil, tal como, a supressão da Mata Ciliar, buscam-se espécies arbóreas que tenham as características necessárias para a recuperação de áreas degradadas. Diante disto, estudam-se plantas superiores de frutos encapsulados silvestres, das quais se destaca a Mabea fistulífera Mart.. Tendo em vista que a M. fistulífera se reproduz através de unidades embrionárias que precisam ser tratadas, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a secagem de frutos silvestres com deiscência explosiva para extração das sementes e do recobrimento das sementes com mistura gel via drageadora, bem como a avaliação da tolerância dos embriões em relação aos efeitos imediatos dos processos. Assim, o procedimento experimental consistiu na coleta dos frutos capsulares e extração das sementes através da secagem dos frutos, de modo que foram analisados os métodos de secagem via radiação solar, convecção natural, convecção forçada e via secagem em drageadora. Considerou-se para a análise dos métodos de secagem a velocidade de abertura dos frutos e qualidade fisiológica das sementes. Assim sendo, verificou-se que todos os métodos permitiram a recomposição fisiológica dos embriões, porém a secagem via drageadora ocorreu com menor tempo de processo em relação às demais técnicas. Uma vez realizada a extração das sementes, estas foram separadas dos materiais inertes obtendo-se lotes puros de sementes. Realizaram-se também as caracterizações de tamanho, forma e massa específica obtendo-se os resultados de (0,78±0,05) cm, (0,67±0,04) cm e (0,59±0,04) cm para os Dmáx, Dmédio e Dmim, respectivamente, fator de forma de (0,075±0,01), massa específica real de (1,20±0,01) g/cm³ e massa específica aparente de (0,82±0,01) g/cm³. Foram feitas também análises para caracterização química das sementes obtendo-se (82,93±0,11)% de matéria seca, (19,03±,078)% de proteína bruta, (1,18±0,11) g/kg de cálcio, (0,65±0,03) g/kg de magnésio, (0,58±0,04) g/kg de fósforo, (13,45±0,33) g/kg de potássio e (0,70±0,03) g/kg de enxofre. Analisou-se também o processo de recobrimento das sementes via reação entre o gel alginato de sódio e o sal cloreto de cálcio em diferentes ângulos de inclinação e velocidade de rotação da panela rotatória (drageadeira). Verificouse que para realizar o recobrimento das partículas foi necessário preparar a superfície das partículas através de escarificação química, visando ao aumento na rugosidade da superfície das sementes, e posterior reumidificação com solução saturada de cloreto de cálcio. Desta forma, constatou-se que o ângulo de 25° e a velocidade de 25 rpm possibilitaram maior quantidade de massa aderida sobre as sementes. Além disto, realizaram-se testes a fim de verificar a eficiência do processo de recobrimento, sendo que nos níveis mais baixos do planejamento experimental verificaram-se os maiores valores de eficiência. Nos testes de crescimento das partículas avaliou-se o tempo de processo que foi aproximadamente de 8 segundos. Por fim, foi realizada a análise e o tratamento dos dados obtidos, mediante técnicas estatísticas e equações advindas da literatura. Desta forma, com os resultados obtidos colaborou-se para avanços nos processos de secagem dos frutos silvestres e no recobrimento das sementes da espécie pioneira M. fistulífera.
Fonseca, Daniel ândrei Robe. "Desempenho de sementes de trigo recobertas com silicato de alumínio." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2013. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/1404.
Full textThe present study, we used seeds of wheat, cv Fundacep horizon coated with six doses of aluminum silicate (0, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60g per 100 kg seed). We conducted two research studies in order to verify the influence of the silicon used by seed, and to evaluate the physiological performance and yield components. In the first paper we studied the behavior of the physiological quality of seeds coated with aluminum silicate. The second was carried out the experiment evaluating the absorption by the plants and silicon influence on the rate of chlorophyll and the components of yield and quality physiological seed. The results showed that aluminum silicate improves the physiological quality of seeds have been subjected to stress and yield of wheat plants grown from seeds coated with aluminum silicate.
No presente trabalho utilizaram-se sementes de trigo, cultivar Fundacep Horizonte recobertas com seis doses de silicato de alumínio (0, 20, 30, 40, 50 e 60 g por 100 kg de sementes). Foram conduzidos dois trabalhos de pesquisa no intuito de verificar a influência do silício empregado via semente, bem como avaliar o desempenho fisiológico e os componentes de rendimento. No primeiro trabalho estudou-se o comportamento da qualidade fisiológica das sementes recobertas com silicato de alumínio. No segundo foi realizado a condução do experimento avaliando-se a absorção do silício pelas plantas e a influência no índice de clorofila, bem como nos componentes de rendimento e a qualidade fisiológica das sementes produzidas. Os resultados mostraram que o silicato de alumínio melhora a qualidade fisiológica das sementes se submetidas a estresse e o rendimento das plantas de trigo oriundas de sementes recobertas com silicato de alumínio.
Gama, Juliana Simões Nobre. "Adubação silicatada na produção e qualidade de sementes e fibras de algodão (Gossypium hirsutum L.)." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2014. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/1432.
Full textThis research aimed to evaluate the effect of silicon on cotton, through variables agronomic, physiological, yield and fiber quality and seeds produced. The experiments were conducted in 2012 and 2013. In the first year of cultivation, were evaluated five levels of Si: 0, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 kg Si ha-1, applied to soil, 0, 45, 60, 135 and 180 kg Si ha-1 foliar, and 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 g kg seed-1, applied through seed coating. In the second year, were evaluated five levels: 0, 45, 60, 135 and 180 kg Si ha-1 and 0, 2000, 4000, 6000 and 8000 kg Si ha-1, applied via foliar and soil, respectively. The silicon source used is aluminum silicate. Evaluations were performed at 25, 50, 75 and 100 days from emergence (DAE). The results of the experiments allow to conclude that aluminum silicate applied by seed coating does not interfere in the physiological characteristics of cotton. However, when applied by foliar and soil, increases the chlorophyll index and reduces the diameter of the stem of cotton plants. In relation to yield, the number of seeds per fruit and number of fruit and seeds per plant were negatively affected with the increase of Si foliar applied. The silicon improves some physical characteristics of the fiber such as reflectance, short fiber index, degree of yellowing and micronaire index. Regarding the quality of seeds produced, increases the length of roots and shoots of seedlings, positively influences the weight of a thousand seeds by seed coating and soil and can increase productivity.
Esta pesquisa teve a finalidade de avaliar o efeito do silício no algodoeiro, por meio das variáveis agronômicas, fisiológicas, rendimento e qualidade da fibra e sementes produzidas. Os experimentos foram realizados em 2012 e 2013. No primeiro ano de cultivo, avaliaram-se cinco doses de Si: 0, 1000, 2000, 3000 e 4000 Kg de Si ha-1, aplicadas via solo; 0, 45, 60, 135 e 180 Kg de Si ha-1, via foliar; e 0, 100, 200, 300 e 400 g Kg de sementes-1, aplicadas via recobrimento de sementes. No segundo ano, avaliaram-se cinco doses: 0, 45, 60, 135 e 180 Kg de Si ha-1 e 0, 2000, 4000, 6000 e 8000 Kg de Si ha-1, aplicadas via foliar e solo, respectivamente. A fonte de silício utilizada foi o silicato de alumínio. As avaliações foram realizadas aos 25, 50, 75 e 100 dias após a emergência (DAE). Os resultados obtidos dos experimentos permitem concluir que, o silicato de alumínio aplicado via recobrimento de sementes, não interfere nas características fisiológicas do algodoeiro. Porém, quando aplicado via foliar e no solo, aumenta o índice de clorofila e reduz o diâmetro do caule de plantas de algodão. Em relação ao rendimento, o número de sementes por capulho e o número de capulhos e sementes por planta, foram afetados, negativamente, com o aumento das doses de Si aplicadas via foliar. As doses de silício melhoram algumas características físicas da fibra como a reflectância, índice de fibras curtas, grau de amarelamento e índice micronaire. Em relação à qualidade das sementes produzidas, aumenta o comprimento da raiz e parte aérea de plântulas, influencia positivamente o peso de mil sementes, via recobrimento de sementes e solo, podendo incrementar a produtividade.
Amankwaah, Collins. "Incorporation of selected plant extracts into edible chitosan films and the effect on the antiviral, antibacterial and mechanical properties of the material." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366220367.
Full textLima, Kelly Santana. "Estudo de nanocompósitos poli(metacrilato de hidroxietila) / laponita para revestimento de sementes." Pós-Graduação em Química, 2018. http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/7941.
Full textThe search for more productive seeds and with better transport and storage conditions has developed the interest of companies and researchers. In this section, nanotechnology, in particular, polymer / clay nanocomposites has proved to be an excellent alternative. By means of these nanomaterials it is possible to transport assets that allow the plant to better growth, productivity and germination rates, through the transport of fertilizers, agrochemicals or even essential micronutrients. The aim of this work was to synthesize and study nanocomposites polymer / clay; poly (hydroxyethyl methacrylate), pure laponite (pHEMA / Lap) and enriched with manganese micronutrients (pHEMA / LapMn). These materials aim to provide water and concomitantly provide nutrients to the seeds. The best formulation for the samples, amounts of polymer and clay was studied, and from this the micronutrient was incorporated into the formulation. The materials were characterized by absorption spectroscopy in the infrared region (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and thermogravimetry (TG). In addition, the water uptake capacity of the samples was evaluated. TG results showed an increase in thermal stability due to the interaction of the polymer chain with the clay. The XRD study showed that pure Lap and Lap Mn presented similar basal spacing to that found in the literature and that the nanocomposite had an exfoliated structure of the materials. The observation of the degree of swelling of the samples showed that the nanocomposites showed a capacity of water absorption 10% higher than the pure hydrogel. The seed coating affected the germination rate of the seeds, showing an optimization of this process.
A busca por sementes mais produtivas e com melhores condições de transporte e armazenamento tem desenvolvido o interesse de empresas e pesquisadores. Nesta vertente, a nanotecnologia, em especial, os nanocompósitos polímero/argila tem se mostrado uma excelente alternativa. Por meio destes nanomateriais é possível transportar ativos que possibilitem a planta melhor crescimento, produtividade e taxas de germinação, por meio do transporte de fertilizantes, agroquímicos ou até micronutrientes essenciais. Neste trabalho buscou-se sintetizar e estudar nanocompósitos polímero/argila; poli(metacrilato de hidroxietila) (pHEMA), laponita pura (pHEMA/Lap) e enriquecida com micronutrientes manganês (pHEMA/LapMn). Estes materiais tem por objetivo fornecer água e concomitantemente fornecer nutrientes para as sementes. Estudou-se qual a melhor formulação para as amostras, quantidades de polímero e de argila e a partir desta incorporou-se o micronutriente a formulação. Os materiais foram caracterizados por espectroscopia de absorção na região do infravermelho (FTIR), difratometria de raios X (DRX) e termogravimetria (TG). Além disso, a capacidade de absorção de água das amostras foi avaliada. Houve aumento da estabilidade térmica decorrente da interação da cadeia polimérica com a argila. O estudo por DRX mostrou que a Lap pura e a Lap Mn apresentaram espaçamento basal similar ao encontrado na literatura e que o nanocompósito apresentou estrutura esfoliada dos materiais. A observação do grau de intumescimento das amostras mostrou que os nanocompósitos apresentaram uma capacidade de absorção de água 10% superior à do hidrogel puro. O revestimento das sementes prejudicou a taxa de germinação das mesmas mostrando-se necessário uma otimização deste processo.
São Cristóvão, SE
Ksouda, Ghada. "Valorisation des plantes tunisiennes pour leur accumulation d’huiles et de composés bioactifs au cours de leur développement : application dans la protection des aliments." Thesis, Compiègne, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018COMP2451.
Full textThe aim of this study is to identify bioactive oils and compounds in seeds from the semi-arid to arid region of "Regueb" in central Tunisia. Several species contained high amounts of oil mainly composed of classic fatty acids. High amounts of petroselinic acid, an unusual fatty acid, have been detected in species of the family Apiaceae, in particular P. major and P. saxifraga. The seeds ofAP. graveolens, An. graveolens, P. saxifraga and L. sativum were rich in oil and functional phenolic compounds. The accumulation of these compounds in growing seeds has been studied for P. major, P. saxifraga and L. sativum. Several seed contained essential oils with antibacterial properties such as those of P. saxifraga, AP. graveolens and C. sativum, which contained anethole, dillapiole and linalool. The essential oil of P. saxifraga seeds (PSEO) was, for the first time, tested in an edible coating based on sodium alginate for the preservation of fresh cheese. An evaluation of its toxicity in the mice allowed the determination of the dose range without any harmful effect. The edible coating of sodium alginate enriched with PSEO has improved the preservation of the fresh Sicilian cheese by preserving pH and color, reducing lipid peroxidation and improving bacterial stability. Sensory analysis showed a strong appreciation of coated cheese in presence of PSEO
Chen, Rong-Kuen, and 陳榮坤. "The Setting and Testing of Seed Coating System." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52263911216775759308.
Full text國立臺灣大學
農藝學研究所
87
The major purposes of this thesis are to set up a laboratory seed coating system, to test the operating factors of seed coating, and to establish an effective seed coating process. The major body of the preliminary model is a fluidized bed. The air is supplied to the fluidized bed by a blower, is monitored by a flowmeter, and is pre-heated by a heater. The temperature of the fluidized bed is also measured and controlled by temperature controller that was inserted in the bed. Coating slurry is sent to the nozzle by a microtube pump and is sprayed from the two-phase nozzle that was equipped in the fluidized bed. The better operating factors of the preliminary seed coating model are: a nozzle height set at 16.5cm above the distributor, an air velocity triple of the minimum fluidization velocity, a bed temperature of 45 ℃ at the round spray nozzle, and a slurry feeding rate of 15ml/min at 2kg/cm air pressure. Different binders and coating materials are tested with the preliminary seed coating model. Methylcellulose (1%)、carboxymethylcellulose (1%、2%、3%、3.5%、4%)、gum arabic (9%、11%、13%、15%) and polyvinyl alcohol (3%、5%、7%、9%) used as binders in 5 minutes coating treatments do not affect rapeseed germination. The coated size of the rapeseed increased with the binder concentration. Different binders, based of the same concentration, cause different coating rate in descending order: carboxymethylcellulose > polyvinyl alcohol > gum arabic. Coating material tests show that, slurry solutions of calcinated diatomaceous earth or clay can be sprayed easily from the nozzle, while slurry solutions of non-calcinated diatomaceous earth and active carbon slurry deposit in the tube of microtube pump, and can not be distributed to the nozzle. Although clay can be sprayed smoothly into the bed, wet quenching occurred in the bed due to the high water holding capacity of the clay. These results indicate that both the physical and the chemical properties of the coating material are very important in an applicable coating procedure. The drawbacks of the preliminary seed-coating model are 1, dust cumulated on the nozzle and held back the slurry atomization; 2, the pressure of the wriggle microtube pump is not uniformly applied on the slurry, resulting in the different atomized particles; 3, The interval between the nozzle and the distributor cannot be adjusted according to the practical requires. A revised seed coating model is designed to improved the performance of seed pelleting. Spouted bed is used instead of the fluidized bed. The nozzle is composed in the base of the cone without a distributor. The cone angle is determined according to the nozzle spray angle. The revised seed coating model is tested by the rapeseed. It is found that the problems of the preliminary seed coating model are solved successfully. Coating procedure operates continuously for up to 44 minutes without interruption. The coated seed size increased linearly with the treating time. Pelleted seed size of the cabbage increased with the coating time. The ratio of thickness to length and/or width increased with coating time, resulting in more roundness of the sweet pepper seeds, which indicates superior capability of the revised model to that of the preliminary one. A coating layer of 2.57mm in thickness do not retard the germination of sweet pepper seed, but a thickness of 1.72mm reduces the percentage germination of the cabbage. Washing away the pelleting material from the seeds is effective in recovering the decreased germination of the cabbage seed. The result suggests that, due to the hydrophilic property of diatomaceous earth and polyvinyl alcohol, the coating layer of the pelleted seeds can be mushy after imbibing and prevents O2 from entering the seed. The cabbage seeds may also be subjected to accelerated aging more due to their higher oil content compared with that of the sweet pepper seeds.
Rocha, Inês de Sousa. "Seed coating with microbial inoculants: a path to sustainable agriculture." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/95315.
Full textThe interest in plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi for agricultural purposes (e.g. enhancement of crop yield and nutrition, promotion of plants resilience to abiotic stress) is rising. Yet, large-scale applications of these microbes have been hampered by the lack of data on their field performance and the feasibility of the inoculation methods, especially in the case of AM fungi. Seed coating, a technique in which seeds are covered with minor amounts of exogenous materials (including microbial inoculants), is a potential tool to deliver microbes at large-scale. This technique has been gaining attention in the agricultural sector. A literature review revealed that seed coating has been applied to more than 50 plant species (e.g. wheat, tomato, maize, melon, bean, clover), including seeds with different characteristics (dimensions, forms, textures). Mostly studied for the application of various species of PGPR (especially from the genera Pseudomonas and Bacillus), seed coating is not so frequently explored for inoculation of AM fungi or microbial consortia. The improvement of crop productivity and protection of plants against pathogens have been the main focus of research on microbial seed coating, while a smaller portion has been aimed at enhancing crops resistance to abiotic stresses. One of the main goals of this PhD thesis was to evaluate seed coating as a deliver system for the inocula of AM fungi and PGPR. Overall, seed coating allowed the application of minor amounts of AM fungi and PGPR to the seeds of three selected agricultural crops: maize, cowpea and chickpea. Further, by comparing inoculation of AM fungi through direct soil inoculation (conventional) with seed coating, similar AM root colonization was obtained despite a reduction in the amount of applied inocula. Contrary to AM fungi, the presence of PGPR coated on the seeds could not be confirmed in the rhizosphere and roots of the inoculated crops. It is well known that both AM fungi and PGPR have the ability to improve soil fertility and enhance plant nutrition, which can bring benefits for plant growth and development. By increasing nutrient availability and nutrient use efficiency, these plant beneficial microbes (PBM) can assist farmers to reduce their dependence on chemical fertilizers. The results obtained in this thesis showed that coating seeds with PGPR and AM fungi had a significant impact on plant shoot nutrient concentrations under different fertilization regimes. For instance, maize seeds coated with AM fungi (Rhizophagus irregularis) increased shoot nutrient concentration (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and zinc), comparing with non-inoculated plants. Nutrient contents on maize shoot were boosted by R. irregularis inoculation, particularly in the treatments where fertilization was reduced or absent. On the contrary, maize coated with PGPR (Pseudomonas fluorescens) presented most of the nutritional increments when full fertilization was applied. Nevertheless, in both inoculation treatments, despite the nutrient enhancements, no improvement in plant biomass was obtained. These results confirm that PBM can increase plant nutrient uptake. PGPR and AM fungi are known to confer drought resistance to plants. Coating seeds with PGPR (Pseudomonas putida) showed a general positive influence in the plant productivity, especially under moderated water deficit. Seed coating with AM fungi (R. irregularis singly or in consortia with P. putida) promoted nutrient uptake, leaf pigment contents and gas exchange parameters of cowpea, yet mostly when plants where under no water deficit. Mainly, these results emphasized the importance of selecting the PBM that better potentiate plant resilience to abiotic stresses, in order to obtain the best benefits from the inoculation. Field experiments are essential to validate the benefits of microbial seed coating and its feasibility for large-scale applications. A comparison between chickpea coated with a single AM fungal isolate of R. irregularis and multiple isolates of the same fungal species under greenhouse and field conditions showed that plants inoculated with multiple AM fungal isolates performed better (e.g. higher biomass, increased grain yield) than those inoculated with a single AM isolate. Seed coating proved to be an appropriate tool to deliver AM fungi with benefits for chickpea plants at both experimental scales, but particularly relevant under field conditions. The mixture of multiple R. irregularis isolates was also used in consortium with Pseudomonas libanensis for coating cowpea seeds. This treatment significantly improved crop productivity in comparison with non-inoculated plants and plants inoculated with R. irregularis single-isolate + P. libanensis. The results showed improvements in grain lipid content, soil physicochemical properties (pH and soil organic matter), and crop yield under low-input agricultural systems. AM fungi and PGPR should be selected for microbial seed coating formulation according to their affinity with the host crop, growing conditions (e.g. soil properties) and farming practice (e.g. irrigation and fertilization), in order to obtain economical profits. This thesis is a contribution to the knowledge on microbial seed coating and highlights the potential of seed coating as a microbial delivery tool and the benefits of its use in different agricultural conditions. Microbial seed coating can be of great use for sustainable agricultural systems. Yet, in order to allow its large-scale application as a cost-effective technique for PGPR and AM fungi inoculation, further development is necessary.
O interesse em rizobactérias promotoras de crescimento de plantas (RPCP) e fungos arbusculares micorrízicos (FAM) para fins agrícolas (e.g. melhoramento do valor nutricional e rendimento de culturas, promoção de resiliência de plantas a factores abióticos) tem vindo a aumentar. Contudo, a aplicação em larga escala destes microrganismos tem sido dificultada pela escassez de dados sobre a performance destes em campo e viabilidade dos métodos de inoculação, em particular, no caso dos FAM. O revestimento de sementes, uma técnica que consiste em cobrir sementes com pequenas quantidades de materiais exógenos (incluindo inoculantes microbianos), representa uma potencial ferramenta para inocular microrganismos em grande escala. O revestimento de sementes tem vindo a ganhar importância no sector agrícola. Segundo a revisão da literatura realizada nesta tese, o revestimento de sementes foi usado em mais de 50 espécies de plantas (e.g. trigo, tomate, milho, melão, feijão, trevo), abrangendo sementes com diferentes características (dimensões, formas, texturas). Principalmente estudado para aplicação de várias espécies de RPCP (em particular do género Pseudomonas e Bacillus), o revestimento de sementes não tem sido tão frequentemente usado para inoculação dos FAM ou consórcios microbianos. O aumento da produtividade e proteção de culturas agrícolas contra agentes patogénicos têm sido o principal foco da investigação sobre revestimento de sementes com microrganismos benéficos. Por outro lado, os estudos referentes ao melhoramento da resistência de plantas a stresses abióticos através do revestimento de sementes têm sido consideravelmente menores. Um dos principais objectivos desta tese foi avaliar a técnica de revestimento de sementes como método de inoculação para FAM e RPCP. De uma forma geral, o revestimento de sementes permitiu a aplicação de pequenas quantidades de FAM e RPCP em sementes de três culturas: milho, feijão-frade e grão-de-bico. Uma comparação entre inoculação directa no solo (convencional) e revestimento de sementes com FAM, mostrou que, apesar da redução na quantidade de inoculo aplicado, a eficiência do fungo na colonização nas raízes da planta alvo foi similar. Contrariamente aos FAM, a presença de RPCP na rizosfera e raízes das culturas selecionadas não foi confirmada. É de conhecimento geral que tanto os FAM como RPCP têm a capacidade de melhorar a fertilidade do solo e o estado nutricional das plantas, o que pode ser de grande proveito para o desenvolvimento e crescimento destas. Através do aumento da disponibilidade ou eficiência de utilização dos nutrientes, estes microrganismos promotores de crescimento de plantas (MPCP) podem ajudar os agricultores a reduzir a dependência de fertilizantes sintéticos. De acordo com os resultados obtidos nesta tese, sementes revestidas com RPCP e FAM tiveram um impacto significativo no estado nutricional das plantas quando submetidas a diferentes regimes de fertilização. Por exemplo, sementes de milho revestidas com FAM (Rhizophagus irregularis) apresentaram um aumento significativo na concentração de nutrientes na parte área (azoto, fósforo, potássio, magnésio e zinco), quando comparado com plantas não inoculadas. A concentração de nutrientes, na parte área do milho, foi estimulada pela inoculação de R. irregularis, em particular, em tratamentos com fertilização reduzida ou ausente. Pelo contrário, o aumento na concentração de nutrientes em milho revestido com RPCP (Pseudomonas fluorescens) foi superior quando plena fertilização foi aplicada. Contudo, apesar do incremento nutricional, em geral, não se verificaram aumentos a nível da biomassa da planta em ambas as inoculações. Estes resultados confirmam que os inoculantes podem influenciar de forma positiva a absorção de nutrientes pelas plantas. RPCP e FAM são conhecidos por conferir resistência a plantas sobre stress hídrico. O revestimento de sementes com RPCP (Pseudomonas putida) mostrou, em geral, um efeito benéfico na productividade do feijão-frade, em especial, quando submetido a deficit hídrico moderado. Por sua vez, o revestimento de sementes com FAM (R. irregularis) individual ou em consórcio com P. putida promoveu a absorção de nutrientes pela planta, o conteúdo de pigmentos nas folhas e parâmetros de troca gasosa, contudo, na sua maioria na ausência de stress hidríco. Estes resultados realçam a importância de selecionar os MPCP que melhor fomentem a resiliência das plantas a stresses abióticos, a fim de tirar melhor partido da inoculação. Experiências de campo são indispensáveis para corroborar os benefícios do revestimento de sementes com microrganismos e a viabilidade para aplicações em grande escala. Uma comparação entre grão-de-bico revestido com um único isolado de R. irregularis e com uma mistura de vários isolados de R. irregularis, em estufa e em campo, mostrou que as plantas revestidas com múltiplos isolados tiveram um melhor desempenho (e.g. incremento na biomassa e na produção de grão). O revestimento de sementes mostrou ser uma ferramenta adequada para a inoculação de FAM com vantagens para a produção de grão-de-bico em ambas as escalas experimentais, em particular, para as condições de campo. A mesma mistura de isolados de R. irregularis foi usada em consórcio com Pseudomonas libanensis para revestir sementes de feijão-frade. Este tratamento aumentou significativamente a produtividade da cultura em comparação com plantas não inoculadas e plantas inoculadas com único tipo de isolados de R. irregularis + P. libanensis. Os resultados revelaram melhoramentos no conteúdo lipídico das sementes, nas propriedades físico-químicas do solo (pH e matéria orgânica do solo) e no rendimento da cultura, num sistema agrícola de baixo input. FAM e RPCP devem ser selecionadas de acordo com a sua afinidade com a planta alvo, condições de cultivo (e.g. propriedades do solo) e práticas agrícolas (e.g. irrigação, fertilização), de forma a obter lucros. Esta tese contribui para aumentar o conhecimento sobre revestimento de sementes com microrganismos, e realça o potencial da técnica como ferramenta de inoculação de FAM e RPCP e os seus benefícios em diferentes condições agrícolas. O revestimento de sementes com microrganismos pode ser de grande interesse para sistemas agrícolas sustentáveis. Contudo, de forma a permitir o uso em larga escala, como um método eficiente para a inoculação de RPCP e FAM, é necessário apostar no seu melhoramento e desenvolvimento.
Fen, Yan Shu, and 顏素芬. "THe effect of film-coating on seed germination in sorghum." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42870951625101190654.
Full text國立中興大學
農藝學系
81
The present experiments were designed to evaluate the effect of film coating on germination and emergence responses of sor- ghum cultivars Taichung No.5 and Tainan No.6 using ethyl cellu- lose(EC), polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP-40) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC) as coating materials. The results indicated that the polymer EC-coating could reduce imbibitional water uptake and imbibitional leaching, decrease oxygen uptake, inhibit amyl- ases activities, and consequently increase the mean emergence time(MET). These results might be linked to the decreased seed coat conductivity in the seeds coated with EC. In contrast, CMC coating increased water absorption, increased seed leakage, en- hanced oxygen uptake and stimulated amylase activity. However, CMC coating didn't affect the MET. Both cultivars responded to coating, similarly. Nevertheless,cultivar Taichung No.5 was more responsive to EC coating,in terms of MET,as compared to cultivar Tainan No.6. This phenomenon seems to be related to the thicker seed coat and lower seed coat conductivityof cultivar Taichung No.5.
LI, YI-CHUN, and 李益竣. "The zinc oxide nanorod seed layer was developed at low temperature of gallium nitride light-emitting diodes by dip coating / spin coating." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29011231198415822746.
Full text南臺科技大學
光電工程系
105
Light Emitting Diode is the trend of future lighting, high-power LED in the technical breakthroughs, but to completely replace the traditional lighting source, at this stage of the lighting efficiency is slightly inadequate, so that the LED can not replace the traditional lighting source, so LED luminous efficiency Promotion, is one of the keys to the current technological development. In this paper, we focus on improving the efficiency of light extraction of LED to reduce the internal total reflection of the grains as the theoretical basis to achieve the efficiency of LED light extraction. In this study, a nanostructure array was used to achieve the opportunity to reduce the total light reflection. The ZnO seed layer was grown on P-type gallium nitride by spin coating and dip coating. Then, Into the solution to growing the ZnO nanorod. In the experiment, zinc nitrate Zn (NO3) 2 / HMTA was changed at a fixed concentration, oven temperature and time, and then exposed to different temperature and time using a field emission electron microscope (FE-SEM) The Photoluminescence Spectroscopy (PL) was used to measure the light intensity, and the crystal quality was analyzed by X-ray wide-angle diffractometer. The results of the final measurement showed that the parameters of the ZnO nanorod were the best light intensity in the PL, the reaction time was 1 hour and the oven temperature was 80°C. Compared with the unstructured luminescence intensity of the grown nanorod, the highest excitation wavelengths are obtained at 516nm. Therefore, the P-type GaN diodes are grown with this parameter as the column on the surface, The current injection was measured by integrating the ball and found that the growth of the ZnO nanorod GaN diodes was increased by 0.022 V compared to the non-grown nanorod starting voltage at 5 mA current injection 150mA voltage and 0.201V increase compared with the non-grown nanorod LED, 15% increase in the light intensity part and the light emission wavelength of the two elements will be blue with the increase of the injection current caused by the phenomenon, containing ZnO nanorod The blue shift of the bipolar body is smaller than that of the conventional GaN diodes.
Lin, Mei-Fang, and 林美芳. "Influence of Seed Coating Treated by Trichoderma spp. on The Seedling Growth and Disease Incidence of Cabbage." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52m9h6.
Full text國立虎尾科技大學
生物科技研究所
100
Damping-off is one of the most serious diseases of cabbage seedlings in Taiwan. The disease was caused by two common soilborne pathogens, such as Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium aphanidermatum. The infected seedlings of cabbage could be killed either before or after emerging from the soil. The common symptoms were cankers, brown lesions on stems, or root rot on roots if they can still survive. Therefore, this research tried to study on the effect of seed coating treated by Trichoderma spp. on seed germination, seedling growth and disease incidence of cabbage. The cabbage seeds were coated by using mixture of methyl cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose as the adhesives, diatomaceous soil as the filler and the spore of Trichoderma spp. as protectant The seed germination, plant growth and disease incidence were detected by bioassay with Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium aphanidermatum in plate medium and greenhouse. The results indicated that Trichoderma spp. could enhance the germination rate in aging seeds of cabbage. The germination rates for untreated seeds, and treated seperatively with Trichoderma virens LN-PA R4-2 and Trichoderma harzianum ET S3-2-3 were 55%, 75% and 68%, respectively. For the dural tests, the result showed that T. virens LN- PA R4-2 and T. harzianum ET S3-2-3 could inhibit seperatively the mycelial growth of R. solani AG-4 and P. aphanidermatum. Furthermore, for plate assay, the results showed that cabbage seeds coated by Trichoderma spp. could reduce considerably the disease incidence of damping-off. In green house test, the results also confirmed that cabbage seeds coated with T. virens LN- PA R4-2 and T. harzianum ET S3-2-3 could significantly reduce the damping-off disease in seeding stage. To get together, the treatment of seed coating of cabbage using by Trichoderma strains as protectant can be used as an alternative method for chemical control of plant diseases.
Yin, Nan Lar (a) Nan Kyi, and 汪芝穎. "Study on Characteristics, Germination, Vigor Test, and Coating Technique of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.) Seed." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56630330852483282322.
Full text國立中興大學
園藝學系所
96
Cabbage seeds are small, smooth, brown, and globular. The seeds of three cabbage cultivars were studied the relationship between seed components and radicle protrusion time. The most appropriate method of assessing seed vigor and the various presowing treatments on the germination of seeds of ‘Autumn King’ were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the outer seed coats of all three cabbage cultivars and the inner seed coats of ‘228’ and ‘Autumn King’ were of the reticulate–foveate type, while the inner seed coat of ‘CA49’ was of the reticulate type. Seeds of the three varieties had different germination periods, with the radicle protrusion time for ‘CA49’, ‘228’, and ‘Autumn King’ being approximately 11, 17, and 25 h, respectively. Seed of ‘228’ absorbed the least water. Among the three cultivars, ‘CA49’ seed contained the highest levels of total soluble sugar and crude fat, ‘228’ contained the highest levels of starch and soluble protein, and ‘Autumn King’ contained the highest level of sinapine. Vigor tests carried out on ‘Autumn King’ cabbage seed reveled that germination performance decreased significantly with increasing aging time. The electrical conductivity of the seed leachate and the levels of soluble carbohydrate, free amino acid, and potassium ion in the leachate from aged seeds were about double that of control seeds. The control seed produced carbon dioxide at a rate significantly higher than that of seed aged 36 h and 48 h 1.2– and 2.7–fold, respectively. The dehydrogenase activity of control seed was significantly higher than that of aged seed. In the tetrazolium test, the completely and the unevenly stained seeds demonstrated a high level of vigor, and these seeds were present at great proportions of the control seed. Sinapine leachate could be used in detecting seed quality among seed lots. The sinapine fluorescent of control and primed seeds was present under UV, while seeds were imbibed for 4–24 h and 1–3 h, respectively. The emergence rate was highly correlated with the values of the vigor tests. At 35°C, the germination percentage of control ‘Autumn King’ seeds, 73.3%, was significantly lower than that of the primed seeds or soaked seeds, with or without a coating, with the germination percentage of the latter ranging from 88.3% to 95.0%. The emergence and normal seedling percentages of seeds subjected to the priming–coating with 0.3% methyl cellulose treatment were significantly higher than those of the control seeds or seeds coated with 0.4% arabic gum. The sinapine leakage index (SLI) and the fluorescent percentage of ungerminated seeds of the priming–soaking– sorting–coating treatments were zero. Following storage for 6 months, the emergence percentage of control, primed, and soaked seeds without coating significantly decreased by more than 3%. The number of mean days to emergence for seeds of the storage seed lot was significantly longer than 4 days. After accelerated aging for 36 h, the germination percentage was significantly lower only in primed seed (8%) compared to primed or soaked seeds coated with 0.3% methyl cellulose. These results indicated that cabbage seed could be treated by priming–soaking–coating to maintain germination quality.
Ho, Wei Chun, and 何維峻. "Effect of Seed Layer by RF Magnetron Sputtering and Dip Coating for the ZnO Nanorod Growth and Characterization." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65864857673915700523.
Full text國立聯合大學
LED光電製程產業專班
100
This work is dedicated to investigate the effects of seed layer on the controlled growth, morphologies, and electrical characteristics of the ZnO nanorod arrays. The seed layers were prepared by RF sputtering (200 W for 30 min) and dip-coating, respectively. For the dip-coating, the seed layer precursor (0.05M) was prepared by mixing zinc acetate-2-hydrate (Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O) and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA). For the CBD reaction, the seeded substrates were then immersed into the zinc acetate solution (0.01 M or 0.03 M) to initiate the growth of ZnO nanorods with temperature maintained at 95 °C for 1.5 h, then the ZnO samples received heat treatment at 400 °C for 10 min. The prepared ZnO nanorod arrays have been characterized by SEM and PL analysis, and the sensing properties of liquid ethanol were studied. Experimental results show that seed layer prepared by RF sputtering has denser structure and also leads to better crystal quality as compared to the seed layer by dip-coating. The sensing performance of the ZnO-based sensors against liquid ethanol was investigated using electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). For the complex Nyquist plots, the ZnO sensor (seed layer: dip-coating) exhibits much faster response in high concentration condition (99%); however, no significant difference was observed in low concentration (1~10%). Moreover, the n-ZnO/p-NiO heterojunction electrodes composed of different ZnO seed layers were also fabricated, and the electrical properties such as rectifying behavior, rectifying slope, and series resistance were determined.
Langan, Thomas Dean. "Peroxide seed coating experiments, and studies on the effects of ethephon and population stress relief on corn (Zea mays L.)." 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/12570228.html.
Full textChung, Ming-Hung, and 鐘明宏. "Study of TiO2 Films with Plasma and Spin-coating Seed Layer for Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Application of Synthesis by Hydrothermal Process." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/gmkcpe.
Full text義守大學
材料科學與工程學系
104
The purpose of this work is to use a hydrothermal process to synthesize titanium dioxide (TiO2) nano-rods (TNRs) film on 15 mmx15 mm size of fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) conductive glass as the photo-anodes of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). A TiO2 seed layer with anatase structure was deposited on a fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrate by spin coating. 1.75g potassium titanium oxalate (K2TiO(C2O4)2)was added to the mixture solvent of 100mL containing de-ionized (DI) water and diethylene glycol (DEG), and vigorously stirred for 30 min. The hydrothermal synthesis was conducted at 180 °C for 9 h for the growth of the TiO2 nanowire arrays. N719 dyes as well as the iodine ions electrolyte were served as the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) components, and the DSSC devices were analyzed by I-V meters to determine the photo-conversion efficiency. Up to date, the optimal TNRs films revealed the best photo-conversion efficiency of 5.96% under illumination of simulated AM1.5 solar light (100 mWcm−2). In this study, the films synthesized using optimum process parameters with a high specific surface area and well-aligned TNRs morphology can significantly improve the photo-conversion efficiency.
STREJČKOVÁ, Monika. "Indukce supresivity půdy pomocí introdukce mykoparazitických hub proti významným původcům onemocnění rostlin." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-154547.
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