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Academic literature on the topic 'See otter'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 29 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "See otter"

1

Foster, Erin, Jane Watson, Matthew A. Lemay, M. Tim Tinker, James A. Estes, Rebecca Piercey, Lauren Henson, et al. "Physical disturbance by recovering sea otter populations increases eelgrass genetic diversity." Science 374, no. 6565 (October 15, 2021): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abf2343.

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The importance of disturbance Work in sea otters over the last few decades has transformed our understanding of the importance of specific species, or keystones, as drivers of community structure and stability. Foster et al . took the next step and tested whether otter foraging might influence genetic diversity in an eelgrass ecosystem (see the Perspective by Roman). The authors found that eelgrass genetic diversity was significantly higher where otters were present and that the impact was related to time: Longer otter presence was associated with higher genetic diversity. These results illustrate how the actions of a predator can affect the diversity of a producer in a tropic system. —SNV

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Recharte, Maribel, Ian G. Bride, and Mark Bowler. "A recovering flagship: giant otters, communities and tourism in northern Peru." Wildlife Research 41, no. 6 (2014): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr14032.

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Context Ecotourism, driven by viewing large charismatic fauna, is often assumed to contribute to the conservation of animals and their habitats. Giant otter populations continue to increase and repopulate areas near communities, leading to problems with fishermen because of perceived competition and damage to nets. Aims We investigate attitudes towards giant otters in rural northern Peru, to see whether negative perceptions towards the species are mitigated by involvement in tourism. Methods We interviewed 103 people from communities on the following three Amazonian rivers where giant otter populations have recovered: one where logging and hunting are main activities, and where there is no tourism and only a low level of fishing; one with a medium level of tourism and a high level of fishing; and, one with a higher level of both tourism and fishing. We asked interviewees about their main commercial activities and experiences and opinions of giant otters. Key results Whereas two-thirds of interviewees declared predominantly positive opinions about giant otters, just under half mentioned competition with giant otters for fish, and a fifth reported giant otters damaging fishing equipment. However, there was no difference between opinions about otters of people who identified fishing as their main source of income and those who did not. Although people working directly for tourism companies were no more likely to say that they received benefits from giant otters than were other people, and there was no significant difference in their opinions about otters when people receiving indirect benefits from tourism were also included in the sample, this group was significantly more likely to have positive opinions about otters. Conclusions Both positive and negative opinions occurred in our study areas, and we detected only limited changes in the perceptions of people living with giant otters with respect to their involvement with tourism. Implications To mitigate negative perceptions of giant otters and the threat of persecution, benefits from tourism must reach those who are likely to perceive or experience costs from coexistence. We highlight the need for research into the value of otters to tourism, and to disseminate the results in rural areas where otter tourism may benefit local people.

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BERG, SERGEY S., and LAURA L. PALMER. "A COMPARISON OF MULTINOMIAL LIKELIHOOD AND CHI-SQUARE APPROACHES TO STATISTICAL POPULATION RECONSTRUCTION." Journal of Biological Systems 29, no. 02 (May 31, 2021): 543–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339021400106.

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Statistical population reconstruction using age-at-harvest and catch-effort data has recently emerged as a robust and versatile approach to estimating the demographic dynamics of harvested populations of wildlife. Although most reconstruction efforts employ the multinomial likelihood approach to identify which set of model parameters best describes the observed age-at-harvest and catch-effort data, using a [Formula: see text] objective function may provide a suitable alternative with a less steep learning curve. Using a harvested population of North American river otter (Lontra canadensis) in Kentucky as a case study, we investigated the performance of population reconstruction using multinomial likelihood and chi-square formulations. We simulated populations under a range of conditions and found that both the accuracy and precision of reconstruction estimates were similar under the two approaches. These results illustrate the potential benefits of using the [Formula: see text] approach, which may also allow agencies to incorporate auxiliary information from studies for which the corresponding likelihood contributions have yet to be developed.

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Hu, Dong-Liang, Katsuhiko Omoe, Yu Shimoda, Akio Nakane, and Kunihiro Shinagawa. "Induction of Emetic Response to Staphylococcal Enterotoxins in the House Musk Shrew (Suncus murinus)." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 1 (January 2003): 567–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.1.567-570.2003.

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ABSTRACT The emetic responses induced by staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), SEB, SEC2, SED, SEE, SEG, SEH, and SEI in the house musk shrew (Suncus murinus) were investigated. SEA, SEE, and SEI showed higher emetic activity in the house musk shrew than the other SEs. SEB, SEC2, SED, SEG, and SEH also induced emetic responses in this animal model but relatively high doses were required. The house musk shrew appears to be a valuable model for studying the mechanisms of emetic reactions caused by SEs.

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CHIANG, YU-CHENG, LI-TUNG CHANG, CHIA-WEI LIN, CHI-YEA YANG, and HAU-YANG TSEN. "PCR Primers for the Detection of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins K, L, and M and Survey of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Types in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Food Poisoning Cases in Taiwan." Journal of Food Protection 69, no. 5 (May 1, 2006): 1072–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-69.5.1072.

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Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) are important causative agents in gastroenteritidis and food poisoning cases. They are serologically grouped into five major classical types, i.e., SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, and SEE. In addition, new SEs, such as SEG through SEM, have recently been identified and characterized. In an attempt to survey the distribution of classical and new SEs in organisms responsible for staphylococcal infections in Taiwan, we developed PCR primers for the genes that define the SEK, SEL, and SEM types. Bacterial strains other than sek, sel, and sem Staphylococcus aureus, including strains of other Staphylococcus species, did not generate any false-positive results when examined with these primers. The expression potential for the sek, sel, and sem types were also determined by reverse transcription–PCR. Together with the PCR primers specific for the classical SEs and other new SEs, including SEG, SEH, SEI, and SEJ, we surveyed the SE genes in S. aureus strains isolated from food poisoning cases. For 147 S. aureus isolates originating from food poisoning cases, 109 (74.1%) were positive for one or more SE genes. Of them, the major classical enterotoxin type was sea (28.6%), followed by seb (20.4%), sec (8.2%), and sed (2.0%). For the new SE types, sei (30.6%) was detected the most often, followed by sek (18.4%), sem (12.9%), and sel (8.2%). Also, 64 (43.5%) of the total bacterial strains had more than one enterotoxin gene.

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Hait, Jennifer M., Angela T. Nguyen, and Sandra M. Tallent. "Analysis of the VIDAS® Staph Enterotoxin III (SET3) for Detection of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins G, H, and I in Foods." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 101, no. 5 (September 1, 2018): 1482–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.17-0501.

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Abstract Background: Staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) frequently causes illnesses worldwide. SFP occurs from the ingestion of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) preformed in foods by enterotoxigenic strains of Staphylococcus species, primarily S. aureus. SEG, SEH, and SEI induce emesis and have been implicated in outbreaks. Immunological-based methods are deemed the most practical methods for the routine analysis of SEs in foods given their ease of use, sensitivity, specificity, and commercial availability. These kits are routinely used to test for SEA-SEE. However, only recently has a kit been developed to detect SEG, SEH, and SEI. Objective: Our research examined the performance of the novel VIDAS® Staph Enterotoxin III (SET3) for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins SEG, SEH, and SEI in foods. Methods: Here we assess the sensitivity and specificity of SET3 using duplicate test portions of six foods at varying concentrations of inclusivity and exclusivity inocula: pure SEG, SEH, SEI, S. aureus strain extracts positive for seg, seh, and sei, as well as SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, and SEE. Results: The overall detection limit was less than 2.09 ng/mL for foods inoculated with SEG, SEH, and SEI, with no cross reactivity observed. Highlights: Integrating concurrent testing to detect the presence of SEA–SEE and SEG–SEI utilizing the SET3 along with the VIDAS SET2, Ridascreen® SET total, or other comparable kits will be instrumental for the future food assessments in our laboratory and may become the new standard for SE analysis of foods.

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Akineden, Ö, C. Annemüller, A. A. Hassan, C. Lämmler, W. Wolter, and M. Zschöck. "Toxin Genes and Other Characteristics ofStaphylococcus aureus Isolates from Milk of Cows with Mastitis." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 8, no. 5 (September 1, 2001): 959–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.8.5.959-964.2001.

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ABSTRACT In the present study, 103 Staphylococcus aureusstrains isolated from milk samples from 60 cows with mastitis from eight different farms in seven different locations in one region of Germany were compared pheno- and genotypically and by identification of various toxins. On the basis of culture and hemolytic properties and by determination of the tube coagulase reaction, all of the isolates could be identified as S. aureus. This could be confirmed by PCR amplification of species-specific parts of the gene encoding the 23S rRNA. In addition, all of the S. aureus isolates harbored the genes encoding staphylococcal coagulase and clumping factor and the genes encoding the X region and the immunoglobulin G binding region of protein A. These four genes displayed size polymorphisms. By PCR amplification, the genes for the toxins staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), SEC, SED, SEG, SEI, SEJ, and TSST-1 but not those for SEB, SEE, SEH, and the exfoliative toxins ETA and ETB could be detected. To analyze the epidemiological relationships, the isolates were subjected to DNA fingerprinting by macrorestriction analysis of their chromosomal DNAs. According to the observed gene polymorphisms, the toxin patterns, and the information given by macrorestriction analysis of the isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, a limited number of clones seemed to be responsible for the cases of bovine mastitis on the various farms.

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Murawski, S. A., and J. T. Finn. "Optimal Effort Allocation Among Competing Mixed-Species Fisheries, Subject to Fishing Mortality Constraints." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 43, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f86-010.

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A linear programming (LP) approach to effort allocation among two or more fisheries (fleets) exploiting several common species/stocks is described and applied to otter trawl fisheries exploiting demersal fish stocks on Georges Bank (northeastern United States). Total instantaneous fishing mortality on a particular species (i) is computed as the linear summation of fishing mortalities generated by each fishery (j):[Formula: see text]where fj is the amount of standardized fishing effort exerted in fishery j and qij is the catchability coefficient for species i taken in fishery j. Mortality on species i due to both directed fishing and by-catch can thus be accounted for in the qij's. Optimal allocation of effort among the j fisheries may be considered a minimization problem (minimize Σfj), subject to the constraints that fishing mortality rates on particular species are maintained at, above, or below certain predefined levels. Fishing mortality goals for individual species can be based on various biological and/or economic criteria: fishing mortality rates that prevent growth or recruitment overfishing, or that optimize productivity from predator–prey systems. Other constraints in the LP model may be included to modify optimal solutions based on various economic and social considerations (e.g. protection of certain fisheries). Sensitivity analyses indicate the general infeasibility of maintaining relatively high or low fishing mortality rates on ubiquitously distributed species, while moderately fishing species with more discrete distributions, due to by-catch considerations.

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Suha M. Abed, Waad M. Raoof, Akeel H. A. Assie, Zeina S. M. Al-Hadeithi, and Farooq Ibrahim. "Detection of Some Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Genes in MRSA Strains Using PCR Techniques." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 21, no. 3 (February 5, 2023): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v21i3.992.

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In view of the increasing interest in the Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The extracted DNA yield was observed using the phenol-chloroform method, it ranged from (1.6-1.8) and concentration ranged from 100 to 800 ng/µl. Five classical enterotoxin genes were investigated in 20 isolates using multiplex PCR method after it had been molecularly identified into methicillin resistant using mec A (which is the key genetic component of methicillin resistance) and fem A genes in a duplex PCR technique. A multiplex PCR test based on the simultaneous amplification of the five genes genes; sea 102bp, seb 164bp, sec 451bp, sed 278 bp and see 209bp was conducted to directly detect the toxin gene content. Our results had showed that most of MRSA samples harbored at least one enterotoxin gene. Multiple toxin gene combinations were also observed. Using this PCR assay we found that among the MRSA strains obtained (n=20). The most commonly found gene was the enterotoxin A sea (n: 18, 90%), which was found alone and together with other toxin genes.

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Dinges, Martin M., Paul M. Orwin, and Patrick M. Schlievert. "Exotoxins of Staphylococcus aureus." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 16–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.13.1.16.

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SUMMARY This article reviews the literature regarding the structure and function of two types of exotoxins expressed by Staphylococcus aureus, pyrogenic toxin superantigens (PTSAgs) and hemolysins. The molecular basis of PTSAg toxicity is presented in the context of two diseases known to be caused by these exotoxins: toxic shock syndrome and staphylococcal food poisoning. The family of staphylococcal PTSAgs presently includes toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) and most of the staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) (SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, SEE, SEG, and SEH). As the name implies, the PTSAgs are multifunctional proteins that invariably exhibit lethal activity, pyrogenicity, superantigenicity, and the capacity to induce lethal hypersensitivity to endotoxin. Other properties exhibited by one or more staphylococcal PTSAgs include emetic activity (SEs) and penetration across mucosal barriers (TSST-1). A detailed review of the molecular mechanisms underlying the toxicity of the staphylococcal hemolysins is also presented.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "See otter"

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Yeates, Laura Carleen. "Physiological capabilities and behavioral strategies for marine living by the smallest marine mammal, the sea otter (Enhydra lutris) /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Perera, Menerapitiya Vidanalage Sammani Kaushalya. "Surging Sea and Other Stories." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1470353751.

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Kreuder, Johnson Christine. "Evaluation of survey methods used to assess distribution and abundance and characterization of patterns of mortality in southern sea otters /." Restricted to UC campuses, 2003. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/22018.

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Lidbetter, Thomas. "Hide-and-seek and other search games." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2013. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/692/.

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In the game of hide-and-seek played between two players, a Hider picks a hiding place and a Searcher tries to find him in the least possible time. Since Isaacs had the idea of formulating this mathematically as a zero-sum game almost fifty years ago in his book, Differential Games, the theory of search games has been studied and developed extensively. In the classic model of search games on networks, first formalised by Gal in 1979, a Hider strategy is a point on the network and a Searcher strategy is a constant speed path starting from a designated point of the network. The Searcher wishes to minimise the time to find the Hider (the payoff), and the Hider wishes to maximise it. Gal solved this game for certain classes of networks: that is, he found optimal strategies and the payoff assuming best play on both sides. Here we study new formulations of search games, starting with a model proposed by Alpern where the speed of the Searcher depends on which direction he is traveling. We give a solution of this game on a class of networks called trees, generalising Gal's work. We also show how the game relates to another new model of search studied by Baston and Kikuta, where the Searcher must pay extra search costs to search the network's nodes (or vertices). We go on to study another new model of search called expanding search, which models coal mining. We solve this game on trees and also study the related problem where the Hider's strategy is known to the Searcher. We extend the expanding search game to consider what happens if there are several hidden objects and solve this game for certain classes of networks. Finally we study a game in which a squirrel hides nuts from a pilferer.

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Lindsey, Jacqueline Kimberly. "Estuarine habitat use by the California sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis)." Thesis, San Jose State University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10255129.

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As the southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) range expands into northern and southern California, it will encounter estuaries that have been historically occupied by sea otters. Understanding how otters use re-colonized estuarine environments will inform how estuaries might be managed to encourage future sea otter range expansion. This project addressed the question: how do southern sea otters use space in the unique estuarine habitats of Elkhorn Slough? I compared the locations and behaviors of 25 individual sea otters of different status (male, female, and female with pup) among eelgrass, saltmud, saltmarsh, tidal creek, and main channel habitats in Elkhorn Slough. From these data I created a synoptic model to predict space use for resident otters of Elkhorn Slough based on sex, behavior, home range, and habitat distribution. Ninety percent home ranges calculated from the model indicated that females used larger home ranges than males in the slough, but both sexes had smaller home range areas than otters using the rocky outer-coast habitats of the Monterey Peninsula. In Elkhorn Slough, important habitats associated with resting included tidal creeks (for females only) and eelgrass, whereas the main channel was important for foraging behaviors of both sexes. Although using land habitats, sea otters were most likely to be found within 50 m of water. Protection of similar resting and foraging habitats in prey-rich estuaries colonized in the future will promote southern sea otters recovery by allowing them to re-colonize historically important estuarine habitats.

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Matos, Bárbara Cartagena da Silva. "Do sea otters according to prey's nutritional value?" Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/17176.

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Mestrado em Ecologia Aplicada
A Teoria do Forrageio Ótimo propõe que o estímulo nutricional na escolha de presas e busca de alimento em carnívoros é o ganho energético. Em contraste, pesquisas recentes sugerem que os carnívoros selecionam presas que fornecem uma dieta com um equilíbrio específico de macronutrientes (gordura, proteína, hidratos de carbono), ao invés do maior conteúdo energético. Para este efeito, as escolhas de presas de lontras-marinhas (Enhydra lutris) que habitam Sitka Sound no sudeste do Alasca, foram estudadas durante os meses de maio a agosto de 2016. Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram: 1) descrever a dieta das lontras-marinhas em Sitka Sound; 2) descrever o valor nutricional das suas presas; 3) comparar diferenças na escolha de presas de acordo com o sexo; e 4) avaliar e comparar o valor nutricional das presas com as escolhas das lontras-marinhas. Os dados de observação foram coletados oportunisticamente, através de uma plataforma de oportunidade. As presas de lontras-marinhas foram capturadas em áreas arbitrárias de Sitka Sound, e analisadas quanto à sua percentagem em lípidos (teor de gordura) e calorias (densidade de energia). O consumo de presas foi significativamente diferente: as amêijoas foram as presas mais consumidas (68,6%), seguidos pelos ouriços-do-mar (14,3%), vieiras (5,7%), pepinos-do-mar (5,7%), caranguejos (2,9%) e estrelas-do-mar (2,9%). Além disso, os resultados revelaram uma significativa diversidade no conteúdo de gordura e densidade energética entre presas de lontra-marinha. O abalone registou maior teor de densidade energética, seguido pelas vieiras, enquanto que os ouriços-do-mar registaram maior teor em lípidos. A escolha de presas e a ingestão de nutrientes não diferiram significativamente entre machos e fêmeas, no entanto, os machos de lontras-marinhas consumiram mais moluscos do que as fêmeas, enquanto que as fêmeas consumiram mais ouriços-do-mar do que os machos. O trabalho sobre nutrição em carnívoros é preliminar, e estes resultados fornecem um ponto de partida para futuras pesquisas. As respostas a estas questões não só terão implicações significativas na gestão das populações de predadores e das comunidades ecológicas de que fazem parte, mas também acrescentarão informações importantes sobre a biologia de predadores que até agora foram negligenciadas. Além disso, os conflitos nas comunidades sobre os impactos que as lontras-marinhas têm na pesca comercial no sudeste do Alasca, não podem ser ignorados. Compreender as escolhas de presas de lontras-marinhas pode fornecer previsões de como a pesca pode ser afetada, de acordo com o crescimento da população de lontras nesta área, a fim de ajudar políticos, membros da comunidade e pescadores comerciais, a responder em conformidade.
Foraging theory proposes that the nutritional driver of prey choice and foraging in carnivores is energy gain. In contrast, recent research suggests that carnivores select prey that provides a diet with a specific balance of macronutrients (fat, protein, carbohydrates), rather than the highest energy content. To this effect, the prey choices of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) inhabiting Sitka Sound, in southeast Alaska, were studied during the months of May-August of 2016. The goals of this research were to 1) describe sea otter’s diet in Sitka Sound; 2) describe the nutritional value of sea otters’ prey items; 3) compare differences in prey choice according to sex; and 4) evaluate and compare prey’s nutritional value with sea otter’s prey choices. Foraging observational data were collected opportunistically on a boat-based platform of opportunity. Sea otter’s main prey were captured in arbitrary areas of Sitka Sound, and analyzed for percentage in lipids (fat content), and calories (energy density). Prey consumption was significantly different: clams were the most frequently consumed prey (68,6%), followed by sea urchins (14,3%), scallops (5,7%), sea cucumbers (5,7%), crabs (2,9%) and sea stars (2,9%). Also, the results revealed a significant diversity in content of fat and energy density between sea otter prey specimens. Abalone ranked first on content of energy density, followed by scallops, while sea urchins recorded the highest lipid content. Prey choice and nutrient intake were not significant different between male and female sea otters, nevertheless, males consumed more clams than females, while females consumed more sea urchins than males. The work on carnivore nutrition is preliminary, and these results provide a starting point for future work. Answers to such questions not only will have significant implications for managing predator populations and the ecological communities of which they are a part, but will also add important information on predator biology that has been neglected so far. Moreover, communities’ conflicts over the impacts sea otters are having on commercial shellfisheries in southeast Alaska cannot be overlooked. Understanding sea otter’s prey choices may provide information and predictions of how fisheries may be affected as the sea otter population grows in this area, in order to help decision makers, policy makers, community members, and commercial fishermen respond accordingly.

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Wong, Yin-mei Sheron. "MARPOL wastes in Hong Kong and other countries /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21301505.

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Neale, Jenifer E. "To See and Be Seen: Exploring Layers of Instructional Leadership and Supervision in the Enactment of a District-wide Teacher Evaluation Reform." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3261.

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This dissertation analyzes instructional leadership and evaluation protocols from a large, diverse district in the Southeastern United States in order to investigate layers of accountability and tensions created when principals are asked to fill the dual roles of both instructional leader and supervisor in a newly implemented teacher evaluation system reform. For this dissertation I investigate the role of the principal as a colleague and mentor and compare this with the role of the principal as supervisor and evaluator in hierarchical systems. I include the role of the peer evaluator, a new position, in my analysis. Critical discourse analysis is utilized, primarily informed by Fairclough's Three Dimensional Framework for investigating discourses of instructional leadership and attendant Foucauldian notions of governability. The analysis shows that district administrators, principals, peer evaluators, and teachers employ nuanced definitions of instructional leadership. These definitions are impacted by deeply entrenched norms of what it means to be a principal and a teacher within the hierarchy of the school district of interest. Principals in this study were able to navigate the dual roles of instructional leadership and supervision largely due to how they and teachers defined the role of instructional leadership. The teacher evaluation reform has brought with it a new perspective on the hierarchy coinciding with new power dynamics. The results of this study have implications for our understanding of the role of the principal and how that role is constructed by principals and teachers as well as district administrators and peer evaluators.

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Miller, Melissa Ann. "Characterization and epidemiologic investigation of apicomplexan parasites associated with meningoencephalitis in southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) and Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi) /." Available via Proquest Digital Dissertations. Restricted to UC campuses, 2002. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/21243.

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Larson, Shawn Elizabeth. "Genetic and endocrine related variability of sea otters, Enhydra lutris /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5360.

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Books on the topic "See otter"

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Brancato, Mary Sue. Chemical contaminants, pathogen exposure and general health status of live and beach-cast Washington sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni). Silver Spring, Md: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, 2009.

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Kalman, Bobbie. Sea otters. New York, N.Y: Crabtree Publ., 1997.

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Ashby, Ruth. Sea otters. New York: Atheneum, 1990.

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Delano, Marfe Ferguson. Sea otters. Washington, D.C: National Geographic Society, 1999.

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Duden, Joan. The sea otters of California. Mankato, Minn: Hilltop Books, 1998.

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Halfmann, Janet. Good night, Little Sea Otter. Long Island City, NY: Star Bright Books, 2010.

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León, Vicki. A raft of sea otters. San Luis Obispo, Calif: Blake Books, 1993.

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León, Vicki. A raft of sea otters. Parsippany, NJ: Silver Burdett Press, 1995.

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ill, Kuroi Ken 1947, ed. Swim the silver sea, Joshie Otter. New York: Philomel Books, 1993.

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ill, Harer Elizabeth, ed. Ode to Oliver: The adventures of a sea otter. Philadelphia: Cormorant Press, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "See otter"

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Davis, Randall W., and James L. Bodkin. "Sea Otter Foraging Behavior." In Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Sea Otters and Polar Bears, 57–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66796-2_4.

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Jech, Thomas. "Other Large Cardinals." In Set Theory, 398–491. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-22400-7_6.

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Monson, Daniel H. "Sea Otter Predator Avoidance Behavior." In Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Sea Otters and Polar Bears, 161–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66796-2_9.

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Lewandowski, Mateusz, and Franciszek Czech. "How Universities and NGOs See Each Other." In Universities and Non-Governmental Organisations, 24–46. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003361169-4.

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Maxwell, Kenneth. "The Other Sex Organs." In The Sex Imperative, 221–29. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-5988-1_15.

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Ahrweiler, Petra. "The Heart Shape of India." In Angels and Other Cows, 173–206. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-60401-0_8.

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AbstractTilda and Gabriel went from Tegel Airport to Frankfurt to catch the Lufthansa flight to Chennai. Gabriel witnessed Tilda frequently checking her mobile. Peeping over her shoulder from behind, he could see a message with big white letters quite artistically scurrying over the dark-blue display. It said ‘SEE YOU SOON’ before it disappeared. Probably from lovely Ken. When Tilda noticed that he was watching her, she slowly pushed her mobile back into her pocket. “This will be switched off until my return,” she firmly said. “Mine as well,” Gabriel agreed.

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Fleischer, B. "Pyrogenic exotoxins (superantigens) (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes)." In Guidebook to Protein Toxins and Their Use in Cell Biology, 89–90. Oxford University PressOxford, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198599555.003.0030.

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Abstract The members of the pyrogenic exotoxin family are listed in Table 1 (reviewed in Fleischer 1995). The staphylococcal enterotoxins SEA to SEE have been divided into serotypes by antisera, there are three subtypes of SEC (SEC1, SEC2 and SEC3). Recently, SEG and SEH have been cloned. Sequencing of genes of different isolates has shown a marked microheterogeneity due to mutations. Other members of the family are the streptococcal toxins SPEA and SPEC (also designated as erythrogenic toxins) and the streptococcal superantigen SSA. These molecules consist of a single chain of approximately 230 AA, with one central disulphide bond, they have more or less extensive homologies within the family (Betley et al. 1992). Many of them are encoded on mobile genetic elements. The structure of TSST-1 (originally designated SEF) differs, it has 194 AA and no cysteins. It has only a very low homology to the other toxins but its 3D-structure is very similar (Kim et al. 1994).

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Gray, John S., and Michael Elliott. "Human impacts on soft-sediment systems—trawling and fisheries." In Ecology of Marine Sediments. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198569015.003.0012.

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Given the discussion above regarding natural changes in the marine benthos, we should now consider the human-mediated (anthropogenic) changes and the response of benthic systems to human impacts. From the 1960s to the 1980s the general opinion seemed to be that pollution (considered in the next chapter) was the most important marine problem, but we now realize that habitat change and habitat loss are of greater concern: see, for example, the Quality Status Report 2000 (OSPAR 2000). One of the greatest effects on the integrity of the seabed and hence its biota is now known to be caused by bed trawling. This has now generated an enormous literature, and the reader is directed to Daans and Eleftheriou (2000) and Hollingworth (2000) for more details. We can take this information and summarize the overall ecosystem effects of fisheries in detailed flow diagrams (referred to as ´horrendograms´!) to show the interlinked and complex nature of the impact—the effects trawling are included here, but see also those in McLusky and Elliott (2004) (e.g. Fig. 8.1). Historically, the effects of trawling on benthos caused concern as early as 1376 when a petition was made to the English parliament by fishermen concerned over the damage done to the seabed and fisheries by bottom trawling (De Groot 1984). This was despite the gear used by sailing vessels in those days being relatively light and towed at slow speeds and in shallow water only. When steam trawlers were developed in the early 1900s, everything changed. The weight and size of trawls increased and use of tickler chains (mounted on the bottom rope to disturb bottom-living fish upwards and into the trawl net) were of great concern, although studies done in the 1970s to allay the fears of fishermen did not find long-term effects on macrobenthos (Jones 1992). At the end of World War II the otter trawl was developed and its use became widespread. This and the beam trawl (see Fig. 8.4) were (and still are) the types of gear most widely used to fish the seabed.

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Origgi, Gloria. "How I See Myself Seen." In Reputation, translated by Stephen Holmes and Noga Arikha, 1–27. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691196329.003.0001.

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This chapter introduces the idea of reputation as a social ego, a second self that guides actions sometimes even against interests. It analyzes the functioning of the management of social self as a fundamental social and cognitive competence. All people have two egos, two selves. These parallel and distinguishable identities make up who people are and profoundly affect how they behave. One is subjectivity, consisting of proprioceptive experiences, the physical sensations registered in the body. The other is reputation, a reflection of people's selves that constitutes social identity and makes how they see themselves seen integral to self-awareness. At the beginning of the twentieth century, American sociologist Charles Horton Cooley called the second ego the “looking-glass self.” This second ego is woven over time from multiple strands, incorporating how people think others around them perceive and judge them.

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"sea-otter, n." In Oxford English Dictionary. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oed/3668696229.

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Conference papers on the topic "See otter"

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Teoh, Cameron, Holger Regenbrecht, and David O'Hare. "How the other sees us." In the 24th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2414536.2414624.

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Rafael, M. A., F. Bordalo Ferreira, F. Pereira Correia, A. M. Oliveira, and L. Carvalho Lourenço. "Endoscopic reconstruction of complete esophageal obstruction – See you on the other side." In ESGE Days 2023. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1765572.

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Boyne, Kevin, Mark Horn, Didier Bertrane, Francois Fournie, Terry Cooper, Patrick Quinn, Fred Coudeville, David Buchan, Ken Allan, and Stuart Arnott. "Otter - A Challenging Marginal Oil Field Development." In SPE Offshore Europe Oil and Gas Exhibition and Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/83975-ms.

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Moridis, Nefeli, W. John Lee, Wayne Sim, and Thomas Blasingame. "Tracking Procedures for Reserves and Resources Other than Reserves ROTR for Internal Reporting Processes." In SPE/AAPG/SEG Asia Pacific Unconventional Resources Technology Conference. Tulsa, OK, USA: Unconventional Resources Technology Conference, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15530/ap-urtec-2019-198296.

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Breuer, Peter T., Simon Pickin, and Maria Larrondo Petrie. "Detecting Deadlock, Double-Free and Other Abuses in a Million Lines of Linux Kernel Source." In 30th Annual IEEE/NASA Software Engineering Workshop. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sew.2006.15.

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Profinet, J., G. Petit, D. Goyalon, M. Horn, J.-N. Furgier, and F. Coudeville. "OTTER North Sea Subsea Field Development: Sand Control Strategy and Implementation." In SPE International Symposium and Exhibition on Formation Damage Control. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/86533-ms.

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Rodrigues, Edgar, and Robert Akid. "Internal Corrosion Assessment of the Otter Oil Production Spool." In SPE International Oilfield Corrosion Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/169603-ms.

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Hodges, Sean, Charles Line, and Bob Evans. "The Other Millennium Dome." In SPE Offshore Europe Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/56895-ms.

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Strathman, Mike, and Mark J. Lochmann. "Intelligent Energy and Other Industries - Lessons Learned." In SPE Intelligent Energy International. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/150152-ms.

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Longis, C., G. Holm, J. Hill, and E. Mitchell. "An LWD Formation Pressure Test Tool (DFT) Refined the Otter Field Development Strategy." In IADC/SPE Drilling Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/87092-ms.

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Reports on the topic "See otter"

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Beiker, Sven. Unsettled Issues Regarding Communication of Automated Vehicles with Other Road Users. SAE International, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2020023.

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The focus of this SAE EDGE™ Research Report is to address a topic overlooked by many who choose to view automated driving systems and AVs from a “10,000-foot” perspective: how automated vehicles (AVs) will actually communicate with other road users. Conventional (human-driven) vehicles, bicyclists, and pedestrians already have a functioning system of understating each other while on the move. Adding automated vehicles to the mix requires assessing the spectrum of existing modes of communication – both implicit and explicit, biological and technological, and how they will interact with each other in the real world. The impending deployment of AVs represents a major shift in the traditional approach to ground transportation; its effects will inevitably be felt by parties directly involved with the vehicle manufacturing and use and those that play roles in the mobility ecosystem (e.g., aftermarket and maintenance industries, infrastructure and planning organizations, automotive insurance providers, marketers, telecommunication companies). Unsettled Issues Regarding Communication of Automated Vehicles with Other Road Users brings together the multiple scenarios we are likely to see in a future not too far away and how they are likely to play out in practical ways.

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Petitjean, Francois. Omnidirectional Learning - A New Paradigm for Learning to Predict Any Set of Variables from Any Other Set. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada637727.

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Westley, Glenn D. Guidelines for Monitoring and Evaluating Projects of the Social Entrepreneurship Program. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008899.

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The purpose of this document is to define and discuss a minimum set of core project monitoring and evaluation indicators that should be collected in all or nearly all projects approved under the IDB's Social Entrepreneurship Program (SEP). The document is aimed at those IDB and counterpart institution personnel involved in designing, monitoring, or evaluating SEP projects. The document describes two sets of proposed project monitoring and evaluation indicators: one set to be used for projects or project components in the microfinance area and the other set to be used for projects or project components in the non-financial services area.

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Grumet, Rebecca, Rafael Perl-Treves, and Jack Staub. Ethylene Mediated Regulation of Cucumis Reproduction - from Sex Expression to Fruit Set. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7696533.bard.

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Reproductive development is a critical determinant of agricultural yield. For species with unisexual flowers, floral secualdifferentation adds additional complexity, that can influenec productivity. The hormone ethylene has long, been known to play a primary role in sex determination in the Cucumis species cucumber (C. sativus) and melon (C. melo). Our objectives were to: (1) Determine critical sites of ethylene production and perception for sex determination; (2) Identify additional ethylene related genes associated with sex expression; and (3) Examine the role of environment ami prior fruit set on sex expression, pistillate flower maturation, and fruit set. We made progress in each of these areas. (1) Transgenic melon produced with the Arabidopsis dominant negative ethylene perception mutant gene, etrl-1, under the control of floral primordia targeted promoters [AP3 (petal and stamen) and CRC (carpel and nectary)], showed that ethylene perception by the stamen primordia, rather than carpel primordia, is critical for carpel development at the time of sex determination. Transgenic melons also were produced with the ethylene production enzyme gene. ACS, encoding l-aminocyclopropane-lcarboylate synthase, fused to the AP3 or CRC promoters. Consistent with the etr1-1 results, CRC::ACS did not increase femaleness; however, AP3::ACS reduced or eliminated male flower production. The effects of AP3:ACS were stronger than those of 35S::ACS plants, demonstratin g the importance of targeted expression, while avoiding disadvantages of constitutive ethylene production. (2) Linkage analysis coupled with SNP discovery was per formed on ethylene and floral development genes in cucumber populations segregating for the three major sex genes. A break-through towards cloning the cucumber M gene occurred when the melon andromonoecious gene (a), an ACS gene, was cloned in 2008. Both cucumber M and melon a suppress stamen development in pistillate flowers. We hypothesized that cucumber M could be orthologous to melon a, and found that mutations in CsACS2 co-segregated perfectly with the M gene. We also sought to identify miRNA molecules associated with sex determination. miRNA159, whose target in Arabidopsis is GAMYB[a transcription factor gene mediating response to10 gibberellin (GA)], was more highly expressed in young female buds than male. Since GA promotes maleness in cucumber, a micro RNA that counteracts GAMYB could promote femaleness. miRNA157, which in other plants targets transcription factors involved in flower development , was expressed in young male buds and mature flower anthers. (3) Gene expression profiling showed that ethylene-, senescence-, stress- and ubiquitin-related genes were up-regulated in senescing and inhibited fruits, while those undergoing successful fruit set up-regulated photosynthesis, respiration and metabolic genes. Melon plants can change sex expression in response to environmental conditions, leading to changes in yield potential. Unique melon lines with varying sex expression were developed and evaluated in the field in Hancock, Wisconsin . Environmental changes during the growing season influenced sex expression in highly inbred melon lines. Collectively these results are of significance for understanding regulation of sex expression. The fact that both cucumber sex loci identified so far (F and M) encode isoforms of the same ethylene synthesis enzyme, underscores the importance of ethylene as the main sex determining hormone in cucumber. The targeting studies give insight into developmental switch points and suggest a means to develop lines with earlier carpel-bearing flower production and fruit set. These results are of significance for understanding regulation of sex expression to facilitate shorter growing seasons and earlier time to market. Field results provide information for development of management strategies for commercial production of melon cultivars with different sex expression characteristics during fruit production.

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Shraa, Khalaf. Moral Teachings of Islam Not as Seen by Al Qaeda or Other Groups. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada432025.

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Reynolds, G. T. Vapor Bubble Luminescence From Deep Sea Hydrothermal Vent Minerals and Other Hot Solids. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada389585.

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Deng, Jianhao, jiaxing Zhang, QingXia Zhang, and Guowei Zhong. Serotonin syndrome with dextromethorphan alone and in combination with other serotonergic drugs. a systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0079.

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Review question / Objective: To assess the evidence for serotonin syndrome occurring in the context of dextromethorphan administration. To assess concurrent medication to see if there are associations with 1) other serotonergic medication. Condition being studied: It is uncertain whether use of dextromethorphan alone or in therapeutic doses can cause Serotonin syndrome (SS). Also, SS by dextromethorphan has not previously been systematically reviewed. Therefore, the main aim is to present a systematic review and summary of these studies.

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Whitaker, Stephen. Rocky intertidal community monitoring at Channel Islands National Park: 2018–19 annual report. National Park Service, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299674.

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Channel Islands National Park includes the five northern islands off the coast of southern California (San Miguel, Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz, Anacapa, and Santa Barbara Islands) and the surrounding waters out one nautical mile. There are approximately 176 miles of coastline around the islands, about 80% of which is composed of rock. The diversity and undisturbed nature of the tidepools of this rocky coastline were recognized as special features of the islands in the enabling legislation. To conserve these communities unimpaired for future generations, the National Park Service has been monitoring the rocky intertidal communities at the islands since 1982. Sites were established between 1982 and 1998. Site selection considered visitation, accessibility, presence of representative organisms, wildlife disturbance, and safety. This report summarizes the 2018–2019 sampling year efforts (from November 2018 to April 2019) and findings of the Channel Islands National Park Rocky Intertidal Community Monitoring Program. Specific monitoring objectives are 1) to determine the long-term trends in percent cover of key sessile organisms in the rocky intertidal ecosystem, and 2) to determine population dynamics of black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii), owl limpets (Lottia gigantea), and ochre sea stars (Pisaster ochraceus). Objectives were met by monitoring percent cover of core species in target intertidal zones using photoplots and transects, and by measuring size frequency and abundance of black abalone, owl limpets, and sea stars using fixed plots or timed searches. Twelve key species or assemblages, as well as the substrate, tar, have been monitored twice per year at 21 sites on the five park islands as part of the rocky intertidal community monitoring program. Fixed photoplots were used to monitor the percent cover of thatched and acorn barnacles (Tetraclita rubescens, Balanus glandula/Chthamalus spp., respectively), mussels (Mytilus californianus), rockweeds (Silvetia compressa, and Pelvetiopsis californica (formerly Hesperophycus californicus), turfweed (Endocladia muricata), goose barnacles (Pollicipes polymerus) and tar. Point-intercept transects were used to determine the percent cover of surfgrass (Phyllospadix spp.). Information about size distribution (i.e., “size frequency” data) was collected for owl limpets in circular plots. Size distribution and relative abundance of black abalone and ochre sea stars were determined using timed searches. The maximum number of shorebirds and pinnipeds seen at one time were counted at each site. The number of concession boat visitors to the Anacapa tidepools was collected and reported. All sites were monitored in 2018–2019. This was the third year that we officially reduced our sampling interval from twice per year (spring and fall) to once in order to streamline the program and allow for the implementation of additional protocols. Weather conditions during the site visits were satisfactory, but high wind coupled with strong swell and surge limited or prevented the completion of some of the abalone and sea star searches. The percent cover for most key species or assemblages targeted in the photoplots was highly variable among sites. Mussel (Mytilus californianus) cover remained below average at Anacapa and Santa Barbara Islands. Record or near record low abundances for Mytilus were measured at Middle West Anacapa (Anacapa Island), Harris Point (San Miguel Island), Prisoner’s Harbor (Santa Cruz Island), and Sea Lion Rookery (Santa Barbara Island) sites. The only site that appeared to have above average Mytilus cover was Scorpion Rock on Santa Cruz Island. All other sites had mussel cover near or below the long-term mean. Qualitatively, Mytilus recruitment appeared low at most sites. Both rockweed species, Silvetia compressa and Pelvetiopsis californica (formerly Hesperophycus californicus), continued to decrease markedly in abundance this year at the majority of sites compared to combined averages for previous years. Fossil Reef and Northwest-Talcott on Santa Rosa Island, Sea Lion Rookery on Santa Barbara Island, and South Frenchy’s Cove on Anacapa Island were the only sites that supported Silvetia cover that was near the long-term mean. No sites exhibited above average cover of rockweed. Extremely high levels of recruitment for Silvetia and Pelvetiopsis were documented at many sites. Most sites exhibited marked declines in S. compressa abundances beginning in the early 2000s, with little recovery observed for the rockweed through this year. Barnacle (Chthamalus/Balanus spp.) cover fell below the long-term means at all islands except Anacapa, where barnacle cover was slightly above average. Endocladia muricata abundances remained comparable to the grand mean calculated for previous years at Santa Barbara, Santa Cruz, and Santa Rosa Islands, while cover of the alga decreased slightly below the long-term means at Anacapa and San Miguel Islands. Black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii) abundances at the islands remain less than one percent of 1985 population levels. Zero abalone were found throughout the entire site at Landing Cove on Santa Barbara Island and South Frenchy’s Cove on Anacapa Island. Above average abundances relative to the long-term mean generated from post-1995 data were observed at all but five sites. Juvenile black abalone were seen at all islands except Santa Barbara. Ochre sea star (Pisaster ochraceus) populations crashed in 2014 at all monitoring sites due to Sea Star Wasting Syndrome, an illness characterized by a suite of symptoms that generally result in death. The mortality event was widely considered to be the largest mortality event for marine diseases ever seen. Beginning in June 2013, the disease swiftly and significantly impacted P. ochraceus (among other species of sea stars) populations along the North American Pacific coast from Alaska to Baja California, Mexico. By the beginning of 2014, P. ochraceus abundances had declined by >95% at nearly all Channel Islands long-term intertidal monitoring sites, in addition to numerous other locations along the West Coast. At various times during the past decade, extremely high abundances (~ 500 P. ochraceus) have been observed at multiple sites, and most locations have supported >100 sea stars counted during 30-minute site-wide searches. This year, abundances ranged 0–13 individuals per site with all but one site having fewer than 10 P. ochraceus seen during routine searches. Insufficient numbers of sea stars were seen to accurately estimate the size structure of P. ochraceus populations. Only two juveniles (i.e., <50 mm) were observed at all sites combined. Giant owl limpet densities in 2018–2019 were comparable or slightly above the long-term mean at seven sites. Exceptionally high densities were measured at Northwest-Talcott on Santa Rosa Island, Otter Harbor on San Miguel Island, and Willows Anchorage on Santa Cruz Island. The sizes of L. gigantea this year varied among sites and islands. The smallest L. gigantea were observed at Otter Harbor followed closely by Willows Anchorage and Anacapa Middle West, and the largest were seen at Northwest-Talcott. Temporally, the mean sizes of L. gigantea in 2018–2019 decreased below the long-term mean at each island except Anacapa. Surfgrasses (Phyllospadix spp.) are typically monitored biannually at two sites each on Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa Islands. Beginning in 2015, all transects at each of the monitoring sites were only sampled once per year. At East Point on Santa Rosa Island, the conditions were not conducive to sampling the surfgrass transects, but qualitatively, percent cover of surfgrass appeared to be near 100% on all three transects. Relative to past years, cover of surfgrass increased above the long-term mean at Fraser Cove on Santa Cruz Island, fell slightly below the mean at Trailer on Santa Cruz Island, and remained approximately equivalent to the mean at the two Santa Rosa Island sites. Overall, the abundance and diversity of shorebirds in 2018–2019 at all sites appeared similar to observations made in recent years, with the exception of elevated numbers of brown pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis) observed at East Point on Santa Rosa Island. Black oystercatchers (Haematopus bachmani) were the most ubiquitous shorebird seen at all sites. Black turnstones (Arenaria melanocephala) were not common relative to past years. Pinniped abundances remained comparable in 2018–2019 to historical counts for all three species that are commonly seen at the islands. Harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) were seen in the vicinity of eight sites this year. As in past years, harbor seals were most abundant at Otter Harbor and Harris Point on San Miguel Island. Elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) were seen at six sites during the year, where abundances ranged 1–5 individuals per location. California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) were common at Santa Barbara Island; 117 individuals were observed at Sea Lion Rookery. Sea lion abundances were higher than usual at Harris Point (N = 160) and Otter Harbor (N = 82) on San Miguel Island. Relative to past years, abundances this year were considered average at other locations.

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Cardellina, John. Grapefruit Seed Extract Laboratory Guidance Document. ABC-AHP-NCNPR Botanical Adulterants Prevention Program, May 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.59520/bapp.lgd/avdd8179.

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The case of synthetic microbicides marketed as grapefruit seed extract (GFSE) differs from the other botanicals addressed thus far by the Botanical Adulterants Prevention Program (BAPP) in that the adulteration does not consist of substitution by or inclusion of other botanicals, but rather the inclusion of one or more synthetic microbicidal compounds (disinfectants) in the products. This Laboratory Guidance Document presents a review of the analytical technologies used to differentiate and identify the various microbicides that have been reported from commercial GFSE products, as well as methods to separate and identify natural grapefruit seed constituents.

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Eley, T. C., John Leslie King, Kalle Lyytinen, and Jeffrey Nickerson. Implications of Off-road Automation for On-road Automated Driving Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2023029.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Automated vehicles, in the form we see today, started off-road. Ideas, technologies, and engineers came from agriculture, aerospace, and other off-road domains. While there are cases when only on-road experience will provide the necessary learning to advance automated driving systems, there is much relevant activity in off-road domains that receives less attention.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><b>Implications of Off-road Automation for On-road Automated Driving Systems</b> argues that one way to accelerate on-road ADS development is to look at similar experiences off-road. There are plenty of people who see this connection, but there is no formalized system for exchanging knowledge.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank">Click here to access the full SAE EDGE</a><sup>TM</sup><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank"> Research Report portfolio.</a></div></div>

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