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Power, Brian, Silvester O'Flynn, Peter Bartley, Michael Drumm, Tom Gunning, Linda Hogan, Denis Carroll, and Micheal Drumm. "See, Judge and Act." Books Ireland, no. 227 (1999): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20631969.
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Anak Agung Gede Agung, Anak Agung Sagung Laksmi Dewi, and I Made Minggu Widyantara. "Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Pelaku Pembunuhan Begal atas Dasar Pembelaan Terpaksa." Jurnal Interpretasi Hukum 2, no. 1 (March 22, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/juinhum.2.1.3075.1-7.
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A criminal act is an act that is prohibited by law and is subject to sanctions. Not all acts that violate the provisions of the law can be punished, as contained in article 49 of the Criminal Code, which has been sentenced to a criminal sentence. A person who is a victim of a criminal act of tampering in the proximity of a criminal act who commits an act of defense is not sentenced. The type of research used is normative legal research. An act of defense that cannot be subject to punishment, the law applicable to article 49 of the Criminal Code in which a criminal act is committed in a threatening situation or an attack at that time, such as a victim of tampering himself, a judge as a law enforcer who examining and deciding an action can see evidence of the perpetrator's actions of self-defense which meet the elements of defense, the judge also considers the reasons of the perpetrator which can mitigate especially the perpetrator who is defending himself To law enforcement officials, judges in defending offenders who pay more attention to someone who is doing it so that justice can be created.
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Brecht, Mara. "See–Judge … Act? The Role of Action in the Anti-Racist Catholic Theological Classroom." Religious Education 114, no. 3 (May 27, 2019): 202–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00344087.2019.1613741.
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Justaert, Kristien. "Cartographies of Experience: Rethinking the Method of Liberation Theology." Horizons 42, no. 2 (November 23, 2015): 237–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hor.2015.59.
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The core of this article consists of a critical rethinking of the classical “see-judge-act” methodology of liberation theology. The article contends that this method threatens to install a dualism between a universal, secular experience of oppression and a Christian interpretation of it, thereby creating a hierarchical relation that reduces the complexity of the experience of poverty. The author investigates this issue by focusing on liberation theology's understanding of the “preferential option for the poor” (part 1) and the way in which the see-judge-act methodology affects this understanding (part 2). The article gradually moves on to alternative epistemologies, starting with a discussion of a hermeneutical approach (C. Boff and Schillebeeckx) and the method of “historicization” (Ellacuría), and eventually proposing a new phenomenologically and materially informed methodology for liberation theology that is called “cartography” and is grounded in a “new materialist” metaphysics as articulated by Deleuze, Braidotti, and Barad (part 3).
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Sands, Justin. "Introducing Cardinal Cardijn’s See–Judge–Act as an Interdisciplinary Method to Move Theory into Practice." Religions 9, no. 4 (April 14, 2018): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel9040129.
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Dawson, Andrew. "The Social and Communal Aspects of Urban Spirituality: See-Judge-Act and the urban context." Journal of Beliefs & Values 21, no. 1 (April 2000): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13617670050002327.
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Naudé, Piet J., and Stan du Plessis. "Economic Inequality: Economics and Theology in Dialogue." International Journal of Public Theology 12, no. 1 (April 23, 2018): 73–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15697320-12341524.
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Abstract This essay is a bi-disciplinary effort in applied ethics by a theologian and an economist who both share the convictions of the Christian faith and wish to demonstrate the significance of this faith for the vexing question of economic inequality. Following the see- judge- act- model often used in public theology, it examines first conceptual matters in order to define economic inequality and undertake a limited descriptive task to get a clearer empirical picture of what economic inequality entails. There is then a moral assessment of economic inequalities (“judge”) where ethically acceptable and objectionable aspects of inequality from the economic and theological perspectives are distinguished. From these perspectives, this essay concludes with possible interventions and actions (“act”) to reduce morally unacceptable forms of economic inequality and scope for co-operative efforts between economics and public theology in this area.
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Hunt, Jodi. "Righteousness and Truth: Framing Dignity of Persons and Digital Discipleship as Religious Educational Forms of Response to Cyberbullying." Religions 12, no. 4 (March 24, 2021): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12040227.
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In the shadows of the current tensions that frames our digital spaces, this paper explores how teaching for the practice of dignity of persons and digital discipleship can be act as an effective religious educational response to cyberbullying. Imploring a theoretical approach with a practical theological analysis drawn out of Catholic church teachings and discourse on the dignity of persons and discipleship, this paper offers an understanding of digital discipleship and dignity of persons specifically formed for responding to attacks on human dignity like that of cyberbullying through the use of the practical pedagogical method of ‘see, judge, and act.’
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GURUSI, LA. "Tinjauan Yuridis Pertimbangan Hakim Dalam Menjatuhkan Sanksi Terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Kelalaian Lalu Lintas yang Menyebabkan Hilangnya Nyawa Orang (Studi Kasusu No. 154/PID.B2015/PN.PW)." Jurnal Hukum Volkgeist 1, no. 2 (March 11, 2019): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.35326/volkgeist.v1i2.81.
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High rates of traffic accidents (lakalantas) on its own if it is from a lack of public awareness in this respect motorists with a variety of factors. This type of research uses qualitative Analysis is the analysis of kualititif data against verbal and descriptive data are thought by describing the real circumstances from the object which will be discussed with formal and juridical approach refers to the concept of doctrinal law. Qualitative data are described by words or sentences split by category to derive the conclusion. The research results showed that the basic consideration of the judge in the criminal matter Number ruling dropped 154/Pid. B/2015/PN. Pasarwajo that is based on the fact the cause of the occurrence of the case i.e. belongs to a criminal act or omission with the evidentiary culpa at least two valid instrument of evidence, namely the description of witnesses, exhibits, letters of visum et repertum and description of the defendant. The advice of the author are the judges should be more sence to see the facts of what occurred at the time of the trial, therefore from the fact such arise, leading to the conviction of the judge that the accused may or may not are convicted and the judge must be more thorough and meticulous in disconnected matter, bearing in mind the letter ruling which is binding. It also must have knowledge or science of law well, is not only legal, but also a formal legal material in order not to wrong in dropping the verdict for a case.
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Antika, Santi Dewi, Fanny Tanuwijaya, and Samuel Saut Martua Samosir. "Sistem Pemidanaan dalam Perkara Pidana Pencabulan terhadap Anak: Studi Putusan Nomor: 535/Pid.sus/2015/PN.Bls." Lentera Hukum 5, no. 3 (December 31, 2018): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ejlh.v5i3.8244.
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As the nation's future generation, children have the right to a protected environment, as a lack thereof endangers their growth. One form of child protection is specifically regulated in Law Number 35 of 2014 on the Amendment to Law Number 23 of 2002 on Child Protection (Child Protection Act). Decency crimes against children as in case Number 535 / Pid.sus / 2015 / PN.Bls, the judge drops Article 82 Paragraph (1) of the Child Protection Act. This article contains two problems, inter alia, the judge's decision in case Number 535 / Pid.sus / 2015 / PN.Bls whether it is in accordance with Article 82 paragraph (1) or Article 81 Paragraph (2) of the Child Protection Law and whether the witnesses are examined in case Number 535 /Pid.sus/2015/PN.Bls complies with Article 171 of the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP). This study uses the method of legal research with conceptual approach. The results and conclusions obtained in the writing of this article states that the judge must be more thorough in proving the elements of the article, and examine the witness more carefully to see the provisions of Article 171 of the Criminal Procedure Code.
Keywords: Judge's decision, molestation, and child
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Sonya, Sonya, and A. M. Tri Anggraini. "ANALISIS TANGGUNGJAWAB PELAKU USAHA TERKAIT PEMADAMAN LISTRIK DI DAERAH DKI JAKARTA OLEH PT PERUSAHAAN LISTRIK NEGARA (PERSERO) BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 8 TAHUN 1999 TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN." Jurnal Hukum Adigama 2, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 1354. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/adigama.v2i2.6920.
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Some time ago, precisely on August 4, 2019 there was a sudden power outage that occurred in the Jakarta area. Regarding this power outage, consumers from PT. PLN (Persero) has rights that need to be accounted for as producers. How is the responsibility of business actors related to power outages in the DKI Jakarta area by PT. PLN (Persero) based on Law Number 8 of 1999 Concerning Consumer Protection? What legal remedies can be taken by consumers of electricity service users? The research method that I use is Normative accompanied by interviews. The author analyzes that the South Jakarta District Court Judge should see and consider Article 1365 of the Civil Code which explains that every act that violates the law and brings harm to others, obliges the person who caused the loss due to his mistake to replace the loss from the explanation of article above that the South Jakarta District Court Judge should have accepted the petello bello case which was harmed by PT PLN (Persero) which caused losses suffered by petro bello of Rp. 9,200,000. Then Law Number 30 Year 2009 Concerning Electricity Article 29 Paragraphs (1) and (2) which explains that the consumer's rights must be fulfilled by the PLN, but in reality the South Jakarta District Court Judges do not pay attention and do not consider the Article.
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Triana, Nita. "URGENCY CRITICAL LEGAL STUDIES PARADIGM FOR THE PROTECTION OF WOMEN VICTIMS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN THE DIVORCE CASE." Syariah Jurnal Hukum dan Pemikiran 18, no. 2 (October 31, 2018): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.18592/sy.v18i2.2276.
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This research describes the protection of women victims of domestic violence in divorce cases. Domestic violence victims are hidden in divorce cases in the Religious Courts. The positivistic paradigm adopted by the Judges gives less protection to victims of domestic violence. The method used in this study is a qualitative method, a type of doctrinal legal research with a socio-legal approach. Domestic violence victims in the Religious Courts need a new paradigm to provide protection for victims of domestic violence. Religious Court Judges who have a positivistic paradigm see the law as a book (act). The judge in examining the domestic violence in divorce only adheres to the law relating to marriage, namely Law No. 1 of 1974 and Compilation of Islamic Law. Paradigm of Critical Legal Studies. build critical awareness in law enforcement by improving the legal system and carrying out a reformation in the institutions responsible for the protection of victims of domestic violence, one of which is the Religious Courts. Also consider the PKDRT Law No. 23 of 2004 concerning the elimination of domestic violence even covering legal culture of family, community, health and psychological.
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Evans, Joe. "Catholic Social Teaching and Human Trafficking in War and Natural Disasters." Journal of Catholic Social Thought 18, no. 2 (2021): 307–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jcathsoc202118219.
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This essay examines Catholic social teaching in the context of human trafficking in South Asia during armed conflict and natural disasters. Using a see-judge-act framework to construct the argument, this paper is focused on finding ways to narrow the gaps in these efforts. The gaps occur horizontally when individual issues become isolated from a larger effort, failing to recognize that many challenges are symptoms of a larger problem. The gaps also occur vertically, with the divide between theory and practice. The Church, including religious and lay actors, can diminish the threat and damage from human trafficking through a comprehensive implementation of Catholic social teaching that has a theological foundation and is conscious of the relevant cultural factors.
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W. Buulolo, MTS, Sebastianus. "Leadership for Mission to the World." Seri Filsafat Teologi 32, no. 31 (December 12, 2022): 74–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.35312/serifilsafat.v32i31.183.
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Transformasi kepemimpinan di dalam Gereja diperlukan untuk mendialogkan Injil dengan konteks misi, seperti kemiskinan dan globalisasi. Transformasi kepemimpinan ini juga merupakan pilihan dalam menanggapi krisis moral dalam Gereja berkaitan dengan pelecehan seksual. Kontkes misi dan krisis moral ini telah berkontribusi pada kematian Gereja. Dengan menggunakan metode “see-judge-act,” artikel ini mengkaji kontribusi kepemimpinan di dalam karya misioner Gereja dengan mengkaji pemahaman dan implementasi kepemimpinan di dalam aktivitas misioner. Artikel ini berpendapat bahwa kepemimpinan buruk, baik dalam konsep dan prakteknya, di antara para pelayan pastoral merupakan virus bagi pertumbuhan Injil di hati umat; kepemimpinan semacam ini mungkin menghilangkan suara Gereja dalam mengubah dunia. Maka, artikel ini menggarisbawahi beberapa gagasan kepemimpinan berkaitan dengan karya pastoral untuk membantu para pelayan pastoral menghadirkan Kerajaan Allah di dunia ini.
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Puen, Stephanie Ann. "Operationalizing the Vision of Catholic Social Thought Using Change Management." Religions 13, no. 6 (May 26, 2022): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13060483.
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In Catholic social thought, magisterial documents emphasize the “See, Judge, Act” method in reflecting on social issues. While action is an important aspect of this methodology, aspects of Catholic social thought, as seen in the teaching of magisterial documents, has focused primarily on principles and the “judge” part of the method, where one reflects on the current social context in light of Catholic social thought and gospel values. This paper reminds Catholic social thought of the importance of obtaining the commitment of the people within the community in order to put Catholic social thought principles into practice structurally and that obtaining this commitment will require listening and responding to motivations, fears, values, and concerns of the people when handling conflicting goods at stake, while also offering helpful tools and resources for the work ahead. To obtain this commitment, this paper proposes how the discipline of change management offers tools for those putting Catholic social thought into practice and handling the fears, values, and concerns of the people involved. Specifically, the tools of stakeholder, culture, and ADKAR analysis in change management help practitioners implement projects grounded in the principles of Catholic social thought.
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Saragih, Anjuandi, and Sohibul Ihsan. "The Basis For The Judge's Consideration Of Acquitting The Perpetrators Of Corruption Crimes." Corruptio 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/corruptio.v3i1.2520.
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The decision to release is known as the "vrijspraak" decision in the Continental European family of law. In general, the defendant is released after being found illegally and convincingly guilty of the crime charged by the prosecutor/public prosecutor in the indictment. We can see the acquittal in case Number: 2/Pid/Sus-TPK/2019/PN.Tjk. This study aims to determine the basis of the judge's legal considerations in imposing an acquittal and how the perpetrators of corruption are held accountable. This study uses a qualitative method: data collection techniques using library research and field studies, which are enriched by interview data sources. Based on the research results, the actions of Defendant Idhamsyah did not meet the elements stated in the Subsidiary indictment by the Public Prosecutor, so the defendant was not legally and convincingly proven guilty of committing a criminal act of corruption. Defendant as PPK did not meet the criteria for the element of "everyone" as stated by the Public Prosecutor, so the element of "everyone" was not fulfilled in the defendant's actions, according to the Panel of Judges. The judge advises dealing with corruption cases to be fair rather than harsh. Judges must consider all aspects of a juridical, philosophical, and sociological nature when deciding a case so that the court's decision falls under the decision of substantive justice.
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Wowor, Jeniffer Fresy Porielly. "Practicing Communicability, Redeemability, and Educability: The Response of Christian Education to Violence against Women during the Covid-19 Pandemic." DUNAMIS: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristiani 6, no. 2 (December 28, 2021): 406–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30648/dun.v6i2.488.
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This article explores violence against women in Yogyakarta, which increased rapidly during the pandemic. The study showed that violence against women is also the result of deep and troubling cultural structures that oppress women. Based on a see–judge–act analysis, this article proposes that church educational ministries can build relationships with women victims and their families through a variety of transformational ways, even amid a pandemic. The church can develop communication, healing, and education through a holistic approach in Christian education (practicing communicability, redeemability, and educability). The paradigm of gender equality should be integrated into our attitudes and actions in daily life and in the whole range of the church’s ministry to create spaces for women’s voices not only through education and ritual action but also actual transformation.
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Rozenfelde, Mārīte. "The Inclusive Education Process Implementation Problems and Solutions to the Teachers' Point of View." SOCIETY, INTEGRATION, EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 3 (July 24, 2015): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2014vol3.716.
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Class teachers are the main resource to reach the goal of implementation of inclusive education in mainstream educational institutions. There will be different views and actions of teachers in any educational institution and we should not expect that everybody think and act in the same way. To implement inclusion in school a lot depends on teachers’ attitudes toward pupils with different needs, on whether teachers have necessary skills, competences, knowledge, pedagogical approaches, techniques, methods, materials that help to deal with diversity, whether a teacher has the necessary support inside and outside the school. In the article the issues of how teachers of mainstream schools in Latvia judge their ability to be inclusive; what challenges they see in their work and what kind of solutions they see on local and national level are emphasized. The article describes the overview study done by the author and it presents the findings and results of the study, the resolution of the scientific conference „Teacher in Inclusive Education” to promote implementation of inclusive education on national level supported by the participants of the conference.
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Hardt, Michael. "Response." Focaal 2012, no. 64 (December 1, 2012): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2012.640106.
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I am grateful to the authors of these articles for their critical engagements with my and Toni Negri’s books. A friend once told me that you can judge the worth of a book by the quality of the critical responses it elicits: that is how productive debate proceeds. These articles are excellent examples of such productive intellectual exchanges, and I am proud to have these authors as critics and interlocutors. I am also grateful for their generosity. When reading work from disciplinary perspectives other than our own, it is not uncommon to experience not only bewilderment but also irritation. I recognize it as an act of generosity, then, that these anthropologists engage the kind of political theorizing that Toni and I practice on its own terms, and then relate it to the way they see the issues we treat from an anthropological perspective.
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Basanta Kumar, Basanta Kumar, Neelam Chawla, and Brajaraj Mohanty. "Reform in the Indian real estate sector: an analysis." International Journal of Law and Management 60, no. 1 (February 12, 2018): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-10-2016-0093.
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Purpose This paper aims to discuss the essential features, merits and drawbacks of the recently enacted Indian Real Estate Act, 2016, an economic reform measure pertaining to the real estate sector (RES). This paper analyses the impact of the Act and Union Budget 2016 on the inflow of foreign d irect investment (FDI) in India, and examines its ramifications on the world economy. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on secondary data sources, including consumer forum reports, investigative reports from national agencies, court decisions, government websites, real estate companies and industry associations. A sample survey on the implications of the Act has been conducted using Facebook and and through personal interaction with various stakeholders. Findings The Indian RES was unregulated prior to the passage of the Act, which has several provisions aimed at protecting the interest of consumers by tightening fraudulent practices of promoters/developers. Stakeholders are hopeful, but there is some apprehension. The government’s budgetary and fiscal support for infrastructure development has had an impact on the FDI inflow. Practical implications The Act is new, so there is not enough data to judge its real impact on the economy. However, it has started showing evidence of impact through a recent judgment by the Supreme Court of India punishing a promoter. Originality/value Regulating the Indian RES is a challenging task, but the new regulations are likely to provide confidence to foreign investors who may see India as a safety net for investment. This paper is timely and may help move things in this direction.
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Souza, José Neivaldo. "A LAUDATO SI’ NA PERSPECTIVA DO MÉTODO: “VER, JULGAR E AGIR”." Perspectiva Teológica 48, no. 1 (May 5, 2016): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.20911/21768757v48n1p145/2016.
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Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é fazer uma análise da Carta Encíclica Laudato Si' apresentada pelo Papa Francisco sob o método “ver, julgar e agir”. A Carta é uma reflexão ampla, de perspectiva antropológica, em que a questão ecológica ocupa o lugar central. O Pontífice pretende alcançar, não só o público católico, mas a todos os cidadãos da terra para que tomem consciência da exploração desmedida e predatória do ser humano em relação ao planeta e, com isso, à luz das Escrituras e do pensamento cristão, encontrem novas saídas para a solução dos problemas. Além de ressaltar o pensamento do Papa esta reflexão quer revelar o método que, de forma singela, aparece nas entrelinhas do texto: “ver, julgar e agir”. Assim, na mesma metodologia de Francisco, este artigo aborda três tópicos diversos: 1) Um olhar sobre “nossa casa comum”; 2) Pensar a Criação à luz dos princípios da fé cristã; 3) Ação: por uma ecologia integral. A fonte primária deste estudo é a Carta Encíclica “Laudato si”, porém, consideram-se também outras referências que ajudam a aprofundar algumas questões levantadas por Francisco nesta Carta Encíclica.Abstract: The purpose of this article is to analyze the Encyclical Letter "Laudato Si" presented by Pope Francis under the "see, judge, act" method. The Letter is a broad reflection of the anthropological perspective in which the ecological question occupies the central place. The Pope intends to reach not only the Catholic public, but all citizens of the earth so that they become aware of man’s uncontrolled, predatory exploitation as regards the planet, in order to find, in the light of both the Scriptures and Christian thought, new solutions to solve the problems. This reflection, besides emphasizing Pope Francis’ thought in this Encyclical, wants to reveal the method which appears, beneath the surface, in the text: "see, judge, act". Thus, using the same methodology as the Holy Father, this article discusses three topics: 1) the renewed look at "our common home"; 2) thinking the creation in the light of the Christian faith; 3) action for an integral ecology. Although the primary source of this study is the Encyclical Letter "Laudato Si", other references are also considered that help to deepen some issues raised by Francis in this Encyclical Letter.
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Norred, Warren. "Removing Mud in the Clean Water Act: The Ninth Amendment as a Limiting Factor in Chevron Analysis." Texas Wesleyan Law Review 14, no. 1 (October 2007): 51–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/twlr.v14.i1.3.
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This Comment discusses the consolidated case Rapanos v. United States and the challenged scope of the Clean Water Act as an example ok where the Ninth Amendment should serve as a counter-balance to Chevron deference when agencies act against individual liberties without specific enabling statutory authority. The Comment examines historical evidence revealed and discussed in recent scholarship to establish the various legal views concerning the Ninth Amendment and the protection it was intended to provide. While some commentators see an expansive "natural law" Ninth Amendment, others see a mere rule of construction that cannot be used to reject a law as unconstitutional. However, this Comment finds common ground within all of the accepted legal views that give the Ninth Amendment any substance, even when these views collide in many other respects. This Comment asserts that any effective reading of the Ninth Amendment should find it protects individuals against expansive interpretations by federal agencies of vague statutes. As an example, this Comment asserts that the Supreme Court should employ Ninth Amendment reasoning to restrict the jurisdiction of the Army Corps of Engineers in Rapanos to include only those lands directly connected to navigable waters. This Comment makes no broad claims of Ninth Amendment protection for every activity not mentioned in the Constitution, nor does it make any attempt to establish what the outer contours of the Ninth Amendment should encompass. This theory threatens no floodgate of newly discovered rights, nor does this theory invalidate any federal law. However, it would remove some of Judge Bork's perceived inkblot from the Ninth Amendment and thereby restore some substance to the Ninth Amendment that the Court has given to the rest of the Bill of Rights.
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Hegy, Pierre. "A critical note on Aparecida and the future of the Catholic Church of Latin America." Social Compass 59, no. 4 (December 2012): 539–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037768612462512.
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The conclusions of the Fifth Conference of Bishops of Latin America meeting in Aparecida in 2007 are entitled ‘Disciples and Missionaries of Jesus Christ.’ When analyzed in the light of the Catechism of the Catholic Church, the traditional doctrines of soteriology, the sacraments, ecclesiology, and authority in the Church are missing; they are also missing in the conclusions of the previous conferences of Latin American bishops and in the Second African Synod. The conference of Medellin of 1968 had inaugurated the see-judge-act methodology, but it is missing in Aparecida. Also missing is a strong emphasis on social justice and structural sin, which are central to liberation theology. However, missionary discipleship is not just an ideal in Latin America; it is practiced through the Holy Popular Mission of Brazil and small communities in Guatemala. Hence the Catholic Church of Latin America is heading in a new direction. In this way, it is an example of a Church-type structure with some features of the sect type.
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Rumsey, Patricia M. "Céli Dé—Ascetics or Mystics? Máelrúain of Tallaght and Óengus Céle Dé as Case Studies." Perichoresis 15, no. 3 (October 1, 2017): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/perc-2017-0015.
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Abstract The Céli Dé monks as we see them in the texts associated with their monasteries had a reputation for extreme asceticism. Following their leader, MáelRúain, who had an especially stern reputation for rigorous observance, they believed heaven had to be earned by saying many prayers, by penitential practices and by intense personal effort and striving on the part of each individual monk. To this end, they engaged in such practices as rigorous fasting, long vigils, confession of sins, strict Sabbath observance and devotional practices involving many prayers. Their view of humanity and of creation generally was negative and they saw God as a stern judge. However, there was another aspect to Céli Dé monasticism which we see in the Félire Óengusso, the metrical martyrology compiled by Óengus the Culdee, a monk of Tallaght. We see from his Félire that he understood holiness as a gift of God’s grace, both for the saints in heaven, whom he describes as ‘radiant’ and ‘shining like the sun’, and for those still on earth, through the mercy and graciousness of God himself. His Félire was compiled as an act of devotion to Jesus and the saints, whom he addresses in terms of great warmth, tenderness and intimacy, in expressions which prefigure the language of the medieval mystics. So by studying the lives of these two monks, MáelRúain and Óengus, his protégée, as case studies, we can see that for the Céli Dé, holiness was less a matter of ‘either asceticism or mysticism’, but rather ‘both and’.
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Jope, Gilmour. "Becoming ethically responsive in initial teacher education." Research in Education 100, no. 1 (March 19, 2018): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0034523718762149.
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Upon beginning their school-based teaching practica, teacher candidates enter a realm of practice that is at once uncertain, vulnerable, and particular, and where good educational practice centers on teacher's ability to see and to judge and to act ethically with others in concrete situations and ways. An important question for teacher education is: how do teacher candidates begin to acquire this capacity? This article draws on Martha Nussbaum's Aristotelian-inspired concept of “discernment” to explore how people begin to grasp phronesis or practical wisdom in teaching by becoming more responsive to the ethical character of classroom particulars while on practicum in ITE. The discussion is grounded in a teacher candidate's comments while on practicum at a Canadian elementary school to illustrate how becoming an ethical teacher is bound up in becoming perceptive, in opening oneself to the value and special wonder of the particular, in feeling the appropriate emotions about what one chooses, and by engaging in a play of thought about classroom particulars and educational universals.
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Ballano, Vivencio O. "Analyzing the Morality of Owning and Suspending Patent Rights for COVID-19 Vaccines in the Light of Catholic Social Teaching." Linacre Quarterly 89, no. 1 (December 8, 2021): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00243639211050494.
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Using the Roman Catholic Church’s set of moral principles on social concerns called Catholic social teaching (CST) and utilizing some secondary data and scientific research literature, this article examines the morality of India and South Africa’s request to the World Trade Organization (WTO) to temporarily suspend the property rights and patents of top pharmaceutical companies to their vaccines to allow low-income countries to locally manufacture them to save the lives of the poor during this COVID-19 pandemic. Applying the theological method of “See-Judge-and-Act,” this article argues that the suspension of patents for COVID vaccines is morally justifiable in the light of CST’s principles on the universal destination of earth’s goods, the common good, and preferential option for the poor. The top pharmaceutical companies cannot claim absolute ownership to their vaccines as they do not totally own and fund the entire development and production process. Furthermore, the right to private ownership and patents has a social dimension and must serve the common good and welfare of the poor, especially in times of global emergency such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Patent holders have a moral obligation to promote the common good and save the lives of the poor which must prevail over their capitalist quest for profit. This article recommends that Catholics and Christians must join this crusade for the suspension of patents as part of their spirituality of social transformation. Summary: Applying the Roman Catholic Church’s set of moral principles on social concerns called CST and utilizing some secondary data and scientific research literature, this article examines the morality of India and South Africa’s request to the World Trade Organization to temporarily suspend the property rights and patents of top pharmaceutical companies to their vaccines to allow low-income countries to locally manufacture them to save the lives of the poor during the current pandemic. Applying the theological method of “See-Judge-and-Act,” this article argues that the suspension of patents for COVID vaccines is morally justifiable in the light of CST’s principles on the universal destination of earth goods, the common good, and preferential option for the poor. It recommends that Catholics and Christians must join this crusade for the suspension of patents as part of their spirituality of social transformation. Short Summary: This article argues that patents of the top pharmaceutical companies to their COVID-19 vaccines must be suspended as requested by India and South Africa in the WTO in the light of CST’s moral principles on the universal destination of earth’s goods, the common good, and preferential option for the poor.
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Kawulok, Darlene M. "See, Judge, Act: Catholic Social Teaching and Service Learning. Rev. ed. By Erin M. Brigham. Winona, MN: Anselm Academic, Christian Brothers Publications, 2019. 219 pages. $24.95 (paper)." Horizons 47, no. 2 (December 2020): 364–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hor.2020.78.
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Jupowicz-Ginalska, Anna, Marcin Szewczyk, Andrzej Kiciński, Barbara Przywara, and Andrzej Adamski. "Dispensation and Liturgy Mediated as an Answer to COVID-19 Restrictions: Empirical Study Based on Polish Online Press Narration." Religions 12, no. 2 (February 17, 2021): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12020127.
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The main objective of this study is to determine the media image of dispensation and liturgy mediated during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. The paper is based on interdisciplinary methodology, which combines elements of practical theology (the see–judge–act paradigm) and a communication and media studies approach (media content analysis, critical discourse analysis). The time range of the analysed media discourse is between 12 and 18 March 2020, which was the first week after issuing government restrictions towards liturgy and the Church’s response to that: granting the dispensation and supporting the mediatisation of liturgy. The material for the discourse analysis includes online editions of 20 Polish press titles. It occurs that the general attitude of the media towards dispensation and liturgy mediated was positive, but some media tended to present the topics according to their editorial policies. The paper also formulates a theological reflection: although liturgy mediated as a permanent solution could be challenging to accept, it allowed worshippers to experience the liturgy in times of isolation. It is, therefore, an expression of the Church’s concern for the health and lives of the faithful, although not entirely in line with the official and long-standing position of the Church towards the mediatisation of the liturgy.
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Dubbink, Wim, and Luc van Liedekerke. "Rethinking the Purity of Moral Motives in Business: Kant Against Moral Purism." Journal of Business Ethics 167, no. 3 (May 13, 2019): 379–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04167-y.
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AbstractMoral purism is a commonly held view on moral worthiness and how to identify it in concrete cases. Moral purists long for a moral world in which (business) people—at least sometimes—act morally worthy, but in concrete cases they systematically discount good deeds as grounded in self-interest. Moral purism evokes moral cynicism. Moral cynicism is a problem, both in society at large and the business world. Moral cynicism can be fought by refuting moral purism. This article takes issue with moral purism. The common strategy to tackle moral purism is to reject the exclusion thesis which states that self-interest and the ‘pure’ moral motive (and thus moral worthiness) exclude each other. We develop a different strategy. We argue that moral purists are mistaken in the way they judge moral worthiness in concrete cases. They employ the wrong procedure and the wrong criteria. We develop a proper procedure and proper criteria. We build on Kant, who we argue is unfairly regarded as the champion of moral purism. In order to see how Kant can develop a consistent (non-purist) philosophy, the exclusion thesis must be embedded in Kant’s transcendental philosophy. Properly embedded, Kant turns out to be both anti-purist and anti-cynical.
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Mubarak, Zia Hisni, and Gaguk Rudianto. "GOOD HOOK AS ATTENTION GRABBER IN EFL STUDENT’S ESSAYS: A REVIEW FROM READER’S PERSPECTIVE." JURNAL BASIS 7, no. 2 (January 28, 2021): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.33884/basisupb.v7i2.2485.
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This article provides a review from the reader's point of view of essays’ hook written by EFL students in Putera Batam University. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the effectiveness of the opening sentence which is able to attract readers to read the entire essay or perhaps ignore it altogether. By acting as a reader, the researcher then provides a review of the opening sentence in the introductory paragraph. This research uses descriptive research method. The data is taken from the student's writing task. The data are then grouped based on how to make a good hook and analyzed based on how to write a good hook. The researchers act as the reader and uses their point of view to judge an interesting hook. The results obtained from this study are 23 data hooks using questions, 17 data hooks with interesting observations, 11 data hooks had unique scenarios, 4 data hooks using famous quotes and 3 data with statistics. Furthermore, the remaining 6 data were identified not to write hooks using these five methods. From this review, it can be concluded that writing hooks is not as easy as it seems, because to attract readers' interest the writer should be able to see the hook from the reader's point of view.
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Bevans, Stephen. "POPE FRANCIS AND INCULTURATION." Jurnal Ledalero 18, no. 2 (December 17, 2019): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.31385/jl.v18i2.186.203-222.
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<p><strong>Abstract:</strong> This article contains the idea of Pope Francis’ contextualizations as expressed in some of his encyclicals. In his Evangelii Gaudium (Joy of the Gospel), Pope Francis supports inculturation as well as having the view that Hellenist culture is particularly appropriate in expressing Christian faith, and thus needs to be appreciated as a norm for the Church aside from the Holy Bible. In his Laudato Si (On Care for our Common Home), Pope Francis refers to a method used in liberation theology that is “See – judge – act”. Pope Francis stresses the importance of the process of observation of situations, considering the causes, and designing the actions. By referring to chapter 8 of the Apostolic Mandate Amoris Laetitia (The Joy of Love), the risks that must always be carried by each person who wishes to confront the Gospel with concrete-actual conditions are discussed. In the concluding part of this article several examples of the Pope’s sensitivity towards cultures and unusual and complex social political situations are shown by referring to the Magnum Principium (The Great Principle) Decree and the visit of Pope Francis to Myanmar.</p><p><br /><strong>Keywords:</strong> Pope Francis, Evangelii Gaudium, Laudato Si’, Amoris Laetitia, Magnum Principium, theology inculturation</p>
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Pennington, Bob. "The Cardijn Canon." Praxis: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Faith and Justice 1, no. 2 (2018): 85–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/praxis20181211.
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The author situates the question of praxis in theological methodology and Catholic Social Teaching in relation to teaching ethics courses in Catholic higher education. The author uses a genealogical strategy to show that Cardinal Joseph Cardijn’s See-Judge-Act methodology of theological praxis has become canonical in Catholic Social Teaching. The author shows that advocates of Cardijn’s methodology include Pope Pius XI, Pope Pius XII, Saint Pope John XXIII, Pope Paul VI, and Pope Francis. In addition, the author shows that Cardijn’s methodology is used by the committee that drafts Schema XIII, the Conciliar document that becomes Gaudium et Spes. Besides its use in a Western European Catholic Context the author explains that Cardijn’s methodology of theological praxis is appropriated at the Consejo Episcopal Latinoamericano in Medellin, Colombia (1968); Puebla, Mexico (1979); and Aparecida, Brazil (2007). The author also explains how Cardijn’s methodology of theological praxis is integrated in ethics courses in order to develop students’ ability to discern whether a current business, healthcare, or environmental practice is a sign of the kingdom of God or the anti-kingdom. For the author, Cardijn’s methodology of theological praxis leads students to new insight about realities they are unaware and introduces them to the countercultural wisdom of the Catholic intellectual tradition, as well as the importance of moving beyond critical theological reflection and into the realm of social action.
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SULENRO, AGUS. "ANALYSIS OF CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY CRIMINAL CONDITIONERS OF RAPE TRIAL AGAINST WOMEN (Study of Decision Number 223 / Pid.B / 2019 / PN.Sdn)." Muhammadiyah Law Review 5, no. 2 (July 11, 2021): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.24127/lr.v5i2.1627.
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The results of the study were the factors causing the perpetrator to commit the criminal act of attempted rape in Decision Number: 223 / Pid.B / 2019 / PN.Sdn caused by 2 factors, namely internal factors and external factors. Internal factors such as the closeness between the perpetrator and the victim, the role of the perpetrator, and the position of the victim, while external factors include the environment or conditions in which the crime is committed, then the perpetrator's intention, low educational factors, and factors of low moral and religious knowledge, accountability of the perpetrators rape in Decision Number: 223 / Pid.B / 2019 / PN.Sdn, which states that the Defendant Musmulyanto Bin Adenan has been legally and convincingly proven guilty of committing the crime of "attempted rape" as in the First indictment of the Public Prosecutor, imposing a sentence on the Defendant Musmulyanto Therefore, Bin Adenan is imprisoned for 7 (seven) years The author's suggestion is that the judge should be more sensitive to see what facts arise during the trial, so that the facts that arise give rise to the judge's conviction that the defendant can or cannot be convicted. In addition, in making a decision, it must also be able to provide an appropriate sentence for the defendant based on aggravating or mitigating factors so as to create justice in society.
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Storaas, Frode, Rolf Erik Scott, and Getachew Kassa Negussie. "The Go Between." Journal of Anthropological Films 3, no. 1 (September 15, 2019): e1537. http://dx.doi.org/10.15845/jaf.v3i1.1537.
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The Islamic pastoral Afars inhabit the northeastern rangelands of Ethiopia. Some have settled in towns and trade centers where the Ethiopian state is present with the police and other government officials. The Ethiopian government is working on implementing state laws on the Afar who previously lived outside the regulations of the state. Now, however, many Afars have a foot in both sectors, having a home in town while maintaining close contact with their nomadic relatives. Hussein Hayie has a government position as Peace and Security officer. His work is to judge whether an incident should be handled as a criminal case for the police or be left as a case to be solved the traditional way by the elders of the clans. The Afar political organization is based on both territory and kinship. The political institutions are geared towards social control and the resolution of conflicts. The tribal leaders are often called upon to intervene before a small matter escalates to homicide and if a homicide occurs, to work out agreements of compensation in order to avoid blood-feuds. The film follows Hussein Hayie in town and when he visits his families in the nomadic camps. As a government employee, he is continuously on duty and in the film we see how he is called to act. However, Hussein is constantly treading a thin line in when negotiating cases a society existing both outside and inside the state. 36 mins. 2014.
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Brown, L. Neville, and Mario Bouchard. "Le contrôle judiciaire en droit britannique : justice naturelle ou “fairness” ?" Les Cahiers de droit 18, no. 1 (April 12, 2005): 155–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042157ar.
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Frequently in the past, attempts have been made to systematize the notion of judicial review of administrative action. Thus, the Donoughmore Commission proposed the judicial, quasi-judicial, purely administrative model of analysis. The Commission was severely criticized, especially after the implementation of certain recommendations of the Franks Report which, in improving the quality of the control exercised on administrative tribunals, underscored the ridiculous character of that existing in other fields. The most violent criticisms came certainly from Griffith and Street, and also from Professor Wade who denounced the progressive atrophy of natural justice, the latter being the main topic of the present article. That concept, distinguished from "procedural ultra vires" in that a judge may look beyond the law for rules he himself has set establishing certain procedural guarantees, goes back a long way in time. Nevertheless, it is not a panacea. Its scope is limited to the study of the means whereby a decision is reached; it does not examine the conclusion, but rather how that conclusion is determinded. The usefulness of the notion was diminished when a condition of its application, the duty to act judicially, was added. Ridge v. Baldwin put the pieces of the puzzle back into place by discarding the decisions which gave the concept a much too restrictive interpretation. These first steps of the fairness concept were rapidly followed in matters concerning the allocation of licences. Judicial intervention here dates back to the last century. Yet, the Nakkuda Ali and Parker decisions restrained the spread of control through an erroneous interpretation of an opinion by Lord Atkin. Both decisions were overturned by the Ridge case. Later on, it seems that Lord Denning took the lead in a movement aimed at extending the scope of the duty to act fairly. That principle received its modem da consecration in the Crockford's decision and was used later in other decisions of a like nature. The late professor de Smith remarked this new tendency to go beyond the words to see, in the matter at issue, what is fair and what is not. Domestic tribunals, not in union matters alone (Breen) but also in sports problems (Machin), have also had this obligation to act fairly imposed on them, even though, strictly speaking, they do not have judicial powers. The question is rather to know whether a legitimate expectation of the person involved in the decision is brought into play, although the extend of the obligation varies depending on the circumstances of the case. It would appear that there is continued refusal to intervene in matters of labour contracts when faced with a purely master and servant relation (Sylva). But now the complete absence of statutory guarantees is required (Malloch). Procedural guarantees have continued to evolve since then. More and more, in different areas, thanks to the initiative of judges like Lord Denning, a system of English administrative law has developed. The principle of the existence of more or less defined minimal procedural guarantees has been established, no matter whether the administrative act implies the exercise of judicial power or not. Yet, British courts still refuse to intervene in legislative functions, including regulations issuing from statutory committees, even should the legislative instrument result from false representations. Control over immigration matters has become increasingly tightened, even though, at one time, there was an apparent desire to sanctify the absolute character of the discretion exercised in that field. The widening ofthat control came about as much from legislative changes as from judicial decisions. Thus it is that in the Re H.K. decision, there was established the duty to act fairly on the part of an immigration officer who might wish to turn a person back at the border whom he considers to be inadmissible. Soon (if it has not already happened) Britons will also benefit from procedural guarantees in matters of land planning. A recent decision made use of the fairness concept in that field. English courts have undertaken to sanctify fundamental procedural guarantees. The name, the scope and the extent of these rules has varied and continues to vary. It would seem, however, that there is a desire to leave the categorization of the act of administration to one side in favour of dealing with the consequences of an act for the individual. If a decision touches an interest, an vested right, or a legitimate expectation, the citizen is entitled to have certain minimal procedural guarantees respected, which may vary according to the circumstances, but which always involve the determination of what is fair in the particular instance. It is a necessary adaptation to the new reality of administration, something we hope to see come about in the very near future in Canada.
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Pensado, Jaime M. "Silencing Rebellious Priests: Rodolfo Escamilla García and the Repression of Progressive Catholicism in Cold-War Mexico." Americas 79, no. 2 (March 22, 2022): 263–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tam.2021.146.
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AbstractThis article examines the silencing and repression of rebellious priests in Mexico from the 1940s to the mid 1970s and places the divergent actors that composed the Catholic Church during this period as key players in the Cold War. It examines the web of personal and organizational connections of a single emblematic individual whose transnational history has been mostly absent from the accounts of the era: the Jesuit priest Rodolfo Escamilla García. Founder of the Catholic Workers’ Youth (JOC) in the late 1950s, he championed the radical “See, Judge, Act” method that politicized thousands of people across Latin America during the 1960s, when liberation theology emerged throughout the continent and competing conservative authorities came together to repress it. In 1977 Escamilla García was brutally killed in Mexico City, likely with the approval of government security agencies. Yet, his brutal killing, and the murders and torture of other priests examined in this article, were never investigated by police authorities. Further, their silencing points to a moment in Mexican history when government leaders and iconic leftist intellectuals erroneously championed the idea that the nation was exceptional in the Latin American region, meaning less authoritarian and more democratic. The most influential ecclesiastical authorities overwhelmingly agreed. For them, maintaining a productive relationship with the state took precedence over the need to publicly condemn the assassination of rebellious priests. Instead, the loudest voices of condemnation came from progressive Catholics representing the Mexican Social Secretariat (SSM) and the National Center of Social Communications (CENCOS).
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Sena, Luiz Gonzaga de. "A Juventude Universitária Católica. Algumas reflexões sobre uma experiência de vida cristã (III)." Revista Eclesiástica Brasileira 61, no. 242 (June 30, 2001): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.29386/reb.v61i242.2105.
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A abordagem escolhida é a de um testemunho pessoal sobre o emprego do método do "ver-julgar-agir" pela Juventude Universitária Católica (JUC) no Brasil, ao longo dos anos cinqiienta e parte dos anos sessenta. Este emprego aconteceu dentro da característica primordial da JUC: a de ser um movimento de leigos identificado com o meio universitário e tendo como espaço de açäo a própria instituição universitária. Utilizando uma pedagogia de ação, a JUC assume a história a partir de uma consciência crítica em relação a seu contexto e procura viver o mistério da Igreja como Povo de Deus e Corpo Místico de Cristo, sua Cabeça. Através de seus posicionamentos e de seu engajamento a partir do Evangelho, a JUC confere sentido cristão às suas ações, exerce umafunção pro]ética no meio em que atua e dá testemunho de suafé.Abstract: The choice of approach is one of personal testimony on the use of the method of "see-judge-act" by the Juventude Universitária Católica (JUC) (Catholic University Youth) in Brazil, during the 1950s and part of the 1960s. This use was applied within the primoldial characteristic of JUC: that ofa lay-movement identified with the university having as its area ofaction the institution of the university itself Utilizing a pedagogy of action, JUC assumes the story from the point ofview ofa critical conscience in relation to its context and tries to live out the mystery ofthe Church as the People ofGod and the Mystical Body of Christ, its Head Through its statements and engagementfrom thepoint ofthe Gospel, JUC gives Christian sense to its actions, ewrcising a propheticfunction in the area in which it acts and gives witness to its faith.
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Vigil, José María. "Os desafios atuais mais fundos à vida religiosa." Revista Eclesiástica Brasileira 64, no. 255 (May 14, 2019): 638. http://dx.doi.org/10.29386/reb.v64i255.1712.
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O artigo de José Maria Vigil, Claretiano, enumera, no momento “Ver”, os mais fundos desafios que a Vida Religiosa (VR) enfrenta em nossa época. A seguir, no momento “Julgar”, chama a atenção para as profundas e céleres mudanças que estão ocorrendo nesta “época-eixo”, tanto na dimensão temporal como na espacial. Num terceiro momento, o do “Agir”, identifica as tarefas que acredita poder deduzir desta situação para a VR. Em particular, sugere: a) recuperar a teologia da VR; b) recuperar a antropologia da vida radical; e c) adequar o capital simbólico da VR. Concluindo, sintetiza suas propostas em duas grandes tarefas: 1) “desabsolutizar o cristocentrismo da VR”, e 2) “reinocentralizar a VR”. Reflexão pertinente quando se pensa na “refundação” da VR!Abstract: The article by José Maria Vigil, a Claretian, lists, in the moment “See”, the gravest challenges faced by the Religious Life (RL) in our times. In the moment “Judge” he calls attention to the deep and fast changes that are taking place in this “axle-age” both in the temporal and in the spatial dimensions. In a third moment – that of “Act” – he identifies the tasks that, in his opinion, should be carried out by the RL in the present situation. In particular, he suggests: a) rescue the theology of the RL; b) rescue the anthropology of the radical life; c) adjust the symbolic capital of the RL. In the conclusion, he synthesizes his proposals into two large tasks, namely: 1) “make the Christ-centrism of the RL less absolute” and 2) “make the RL more Kingdom-centric”. A pertinent idea when one thinks of the “re-founding” of the RL!
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Przywara, Barbara, Andrzej Adamski, Andrzej Kiciński, Marcin Szewczyk, and Anna Jupowicz-Ginalska. "Online Live-Stream Broadcasting of the Holy Mass during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland as an Example of the Mediatisation of Religion: Empirical Studies in the Field of Mass Media Studies and Pastoral Theology." Religions 12, no. 4 (April 8, 2021): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12040261.
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The main aim of the paper is to discuss the scale and nature of the practice of transmitting Holy Mass by parishes of the Roman Catholic Church in Poland through online live-streaming in spring 2020. The authors analyse these issues in a multifaceted and interdisciplinary way, mainly within the framework of communication and media studies and theology. The methodology of the paper combines practical theology (its four stages: “see-judge-act-review”), scientific methods applicable to social studies (especially social communication and media studies and sociological studies), and the technical aspect of communication activities (in the form of live video streaming) performed by parishes on the Internet. As it turns out, 40.8% of Polish parishes carried out online Mass broadcasts. In most cases, the main sources of broadcast signal were YouTube (18.9%) and Facebook (18.7%), while less than 5% of the parishes conducted technically independent broadcasts. The research showed a statistically significant correlation between online Mass broadcasting and the region of Poland. There was a statistically significant difference between the parish size and Mass broadcasting—the larger the parish, the more often such activities were performed; a similar correlation was observed between urban and rural parishes. Research has shown that in the dioceses where bishops directly encouraged parish priests to broadcast from their parishes, the average percentage of broadcasts was higher (46%) than in those in which there were no such incentives (38%). There was a statistically significant relationship between having a website and conducting online Mass broadcasting. Similarly, there was a statistically significant relationship between the type of parish (conventual–diocesan) and online Mass broadcasting. Conventual parishes did this much more often than diocesan ones (68.6% and 38.9% respectively).
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De Lora Soria, Cecilio. "Del Concilio a Medellín, hoy." Revista Eclesiástica Brasileira 78, no. 309 (November 13, 2018): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.29386/reb.v78i309.707.
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El Autor esboza la trayectoria de Medellín, sea como evento histórico, sea como evento kairótico. Como acontecimiento histórico, Medellín se relaciona con la precedente historia del Celam, así como al Vaticano II. El Celam, en algunos aspectos, se adelantó al Vaticano II; y éste, a su vez, le fue apoyo e inspiración. Esta inspiración puede ser resumida en el vivir la historicidad del misterio de la Iglesia (LG 5). Como consecuencia, la percepción de los signos de los tiempos acentúa la visita del Espíritu en la corporeidad; inspira la adopción de la metodología del Ver-Juzgar-Actuar desde la fe en el misterio de Jesucristo; abre la Iglesia de América a una triple dimensión: la centralidad del pobre, la orientación de la Liberación, la dimensión estructural de la Iglesia con las Comunidades Eclesiales de Base. Y, en el camino post-Medellín, el Autor señala marcas de sufrimiento y martirio, y apunta la presencia motivadora del Espíritu que, oído, renueva la Iglesia para que se mantenga fiel y renovada en su razón de ser: evangelizar.Abstract: The Author sketches the Medellin’s trajectory, be it as a historical event, be it as an opportune event. As a historical happening, Medellin relates with the previous history of the Episcopal Latin-American Council, and with that of the Vatican II; and the latter, in its turn, was its support and inspiration. This inspiration may be summed up by the fact that it lived the historicity of the Church’s mystery (LG 5). As a consequence, the perception of the signs of the times emphasizes the Spirit’s visit in the corporeity; it inspires the adoption of the methodology of the See-Judge-Act from the faith in Jesus Christ’s mystery; it opens the Church of America to a triple dimension: the centrality of the poor, the guidance towards Liberation and the structural dimension of the Church with the Ecclesial Grass-root Communities. And in the post-Medellin path, the Author points to signs of suffering and martyrdom, and to the motivating presence of the Spirit who, if heard, renews the Church so that it will remain faithful and renewed in its raison d’être: to evangelize.Keywords: Conference of Medellín; Vatican Council II; Historicity; Mystery of the Church; Evangelization in Latin America.Keywords: Conference of Medellín; Vatican Council II; Historicity; Mystery of the Church; Evangelization in Latin America.
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McDonald, Oonagh Anne. "The federal housing finance agency’s complaints against seventeen banks." Journal of Financial Crime 23, no. 1 (December 31, 2015): 22–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-09-2015-0047.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the basis of the complaints against banks which sold private label securities to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac before the financial crisis. The examination shows that all but one of the cases was settled out of court. Nomura and RBS went to court, but the case against them was based on dubious evidence and on strict liability which only enabled the judge to set aside relevant evidence. The Securities and Exchange Commission’s evidence against senior executives of Fannie and Freddie shows that they deliberately purchased PLSs based on subprime loans to meet the government’s housing targets. Design/methodology/approach – The research was based on publicly available documents, including details of the Federal Housing Finance Agency’s (FHFA) complaints against the banks in question, the settlement agreements published by the DoJ, FHFA and SEC. Furthermore, it includes documentary evidence from the Financial Crisis Inquiry Committee and Senate Committees, the full transcript of the trial, opinions of the judge for the trial and the judgement. Findings – The findings are that many have concluded that settlements out of court fail to satisfy the demand for justice. They have been criticised as a trade-off between the prosecutor and the bank, with a view that the imposition of large fines is to pay back taxpayers’ money spent on rescuing the banks, rather than punishing those responsible. Such fines do little, if anything, to change the behaviour of banks. As a result, the Department of Justice issued a memorandum on 9 September to focus on individual accountability for corporate wrongdoing. It remains to be seen how many cases against senior executives will result from the change in direction. Research limitations/implications – The implications of the research are that it is important even in the aftermath of such a serious if not devastating financial crisis to ensure that the laws are properly applied and can stand up to any challenge that it has been stretched to obtain the results the administration of the day wants to see. In addition, care must be taken over both the imposition of large fines and the use to which the monies should be put. All the parties involved in bringing about the crisis should be held to account. The major cases against the banks have almost all been “resolved”. A change in direction has now taken place. Practical implications – The practical implications of holding individuals to account should now be tackled. It requires a careful examination of the laws and regulations already in place to ensure that it is clear within a bank as to who is responsible for what. It will only be possible to hold senior individuals to account if the laws are clear and if all the evidence is not hidden. It may also require a review of the contracts under which senior executives are employed, because to remove a person from his post and then find that he still has a large pension pot and bonuses due may not result in justice either. A delicate balancing act is required because banks require highly competent and motivated individuals to run them. Social implications – If a very large fine is imposed on a bank, the shareholders and customers pay. The shareholders will mostly own the shares through their pensions and their savings in mutual funds. Originality/value – There have been few studies of all the cases against the banks brought by the DoJ and FHFA and still fewer have recognized the fact that government housing policy was the source of the extent of the subprime mortgages.
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Russell, Sarah French. "Second Looks at Sentences under the First Step Act." Federal Sentencing Reporter 32, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fsr.2019.32.2.76.
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Under the First Step Act of 2018, federal prisoners may now petition courts directly for reduction of their sentences, and judges may grant such requests if “extraordinary and compelling reasons” support reduction. Judges are also in the process of imposing reduced sentences in thousands of cases where the First Step Act has retroactively reduced statutory penalties. Not only does the First Step Act offer prisoners new opportunities for sentence reduction, but the law also may change how federal judges understand the impact of their sentencing decisions. Before now, in federal cases, judges rarely had the chance to take a second look at the prison sentences they (or their colleagues) imposed. Encounters between judges and the people they sentenced typically occurred only if a person violated the terms of supervised release after leaving prison. Now, judges can reassess sentence length while someone is still in prison and evaluate whether a reduction in the sentence is warranted. This newfound power allows judges to see their sentencing decisions in a new light and may influence how they conceive of the prison time they impose in future cases.
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Silva Tavares, Sinivaldo. "EVANGELHO DA CRIAÇÃO E ECOLOGIA INTEGRAL: UMA PRIMEIRA RECEPÇÃO DA LAUDATO SI’." Perspectiva Teológica 48, no. 1 (May 1, 2016): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.20911/21768757v48n1p59/2016.
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Resumo: Pressuposta a relevância da Laudato Si’, o artigo analisa alguns de seus elementos nodais com o intuito de salientar o caráter orgânico e coerente de seu conteúdo. No primeiro momento, são perscrutadas as entrelinhas da Laudato Si’: gratuidade como horizonte e esperança como tom da encíclica, apelo contundente à aliança entre os distintos saberes como sua intencionalidade e círculo virtuoso (ver, julgar e agir) como sua metodologia. No segundo momento, ocupa-se da tessitura propriamente dita do texto da encíclica que se dá em torno a três nós: o evangelho da criação; a ecologia integral e, por fim, a conversão ecológica como condição para uma conversão integral. Ao final do percurso, e a partir da insistência do papa na integralidade como marca distintiva da fé cristã e, ao mesmo tempo, das eventuais alternativas à crise atual, conclui-se que desafios complexos demandam saberes e práticas integrais. Portanto, a partir da integralidade constitutiva de sua própria tradição de fé, o cristão discerne e reconhece a complexidade inerente à vida, e a ela corresponde mediante propostas e iniciativas igualmente integrais.Abstract: The article analyzes some of the crucial nodal points of the relevant Encyclical Laudato Si’ in order to emphasize the organic and coherent character of its content. In the first place, the main lines of Laudato Si ' are scrutinized: gratuitousness as its horizon and hope, as its driving force, a strong appeal to the alliance between the many knowledges, as its intentionality, and the virtuous circle (see, judge and act), as its methodology. The second moment deals with the weaving of the encyclical text itself that revolves around three nodes: the gospel of creation; integral ecology and, finally, the ecological conversion as a condition for an integral conversion. Finally, from the pope's insistence on integrity as being the hallmark of the Christian faith and, at the same time, from the possible alternatives to the current crisis, it is concluded that complex challenges require integrative knowledge and practices. Therefore, from the constitutive completeness of their own faith tradition, Christians discern and recognize the inherent complexity of life to which they respond with full proposals and initiatives.
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Stanisz, Piotr, Dariusz Wadowski, Justyna Szulich-Kałuża, Małgorzata Nowak, and Mirosław Chmielewski. "The Catholic Church in Poland, Her Faithful, and the Restrictions on Freedom to Practise Religion during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic." Religions 13, no. 12 (December 19, 2022): 1228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13121228.
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In response to the rapid spread of the coronavirus epidemic, the state authorities in Poland—as in other countries—decided to introduce various restrictions on rights and freedoms, including the freedom to practise religion. The purpose of this study is to analyse and evaluate the position taken by the ministers of the Catholic Church in Poland and her faithful towards these restrictions during the first wave of the pandemic. An analysis of source material, including documents published by representatives of the Conference of Polish Bishops and diocesan bishops (or curial deputy officials), leads to the conclusion that, in their official messages, the bishops virtually unanimously supported the restrictions imposed by the state, often granting them the sanction of canon law, or introducing even more restrictive solutions in their own dioceses. Moreover, an analysis of the media coverage of the first wave of the pandemic, as well as sociological opinion research focusing on Poland’s Catholic faithful, concludes that both the faithful and ‘rank-and-file’ clergy exhibited a polarised assessment of the stance adopted by the bishops towards the restrictions. However, this analysis allows for the refutation of the claim expressed in the literature, and shared by some of the faithful, about the bishops’ excessive submissiveness to the state authorities. Our research proves that this claim somewhat distorts the reality. Rather, the attitude of the hierarchs of the Church needs to be seen as an expression of their responsibility for the common good. More deserving of criticism, on the other hand, is the excessive focus of the ecclesiastical message of this period on the restrictions on the freedom to practise religion, while the right of the faithful to the spiritual goods of the Church was relegated to the background (Can. 213 CIC-1983). In adopting the research framework developed by Joseph Cardijn (‘see–judge–act’), our analysis concludes with the recommendation that, should a similar crisis arise in the future, the institution of the Church should rather focus its message to the faithful on securing the said right in the context of the state-imposed restrictions, by adopting the attitude typical of that of an addressee of legal norms, in line with the conclusions drawn from its own autonomy and independence as underlying principles of the State-Church relationship in both Church teachings and Polish law.
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Hilb, Claudia. "On some ‘long-forgotten propositions’: Reflections on the ‘Epilogue’ to Arendt’s Eichmann in Jerusalem." Acta Juridica 2022 (2022): 52–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/acta/2022/a2.
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This contribution focuses on the last pages of the Epilogue of Eichmann in Jerusalem by Hannah Arendt, but it concerns a question that runs through Arendt’s work practically in its entirety, which can be put as follows: How can we judge when we can no longer rely on the certainties of tradition, when – with the emergence of totalitarianism – the categories and concepts with which we used to judge no longer help us to account for the horrifying reality of crimes of an unknown nature and of criminals who do not comply with the notion of criminals that we used to consider? The text aims to dwell on these somewhat strange final pages of Arendt’s chronicle of Eichmann’s trial to try to see how they nourish our reflection on how to confront an unknown evil of a new kind.
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Chakim, Sulkhan. "KONTESTASI KUASAATAS UNDANG-UNDANG PRODUK TEMBAKAU DI MEDIA (UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR: 36 TAHUN 2009)." KOMUNIKA: Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi 9, no. 2 (January 26, 2017): 302–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/komunika.v9i2.855.
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The bacground of this study is the issue of Act Number 39, 2009 concerning Health, which is considered destrimental to tobaccoo industry, especially farmers, and also raises some debates. Theoretical framework of this study consists of agency and stucturization theories. This study was analyzed with discourse analysis using three strategies: (1) institutional strategy, i.e. to see institutionally the pro and contra about health regulation on addictive substances and tobacco; (2) social strategy, i.e. to see arguments of group of society as a respond to the regulation and to defferentiate empowering and disempowering orientation; (3) ironic strategy: to place the discourse of tobacco in relation to public health by explaining the increase of self-monitoring and discipline, which seems to foster the new growth quickly (proleferation), but ironically tends to lower the ceredibility. This study found that: (1) Parties that reject the regulation argue that government does not consider the contribution of the income from tobacco custom, the job vacancy offered by tobacco industry, tobacco farmers, and local government commodity. (2) Parties that support the regulation argue that cigarettes contain addictive substance, are dangerous to active and passive smokers, can cause cancer, heart attack, and increase mortality rate. (3) Nahdlatul Ulama is one of Islamic social organizations that reject the regulation as well as reject the disagree with the statement ’haram’ for smoking with the consideration that there is no text to judge that law. Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan diundangkan oleh Negara, dianggap merugikan industri pertembakauan, dan khususnya para petani, dan mengundang berbagai perdebatan. Framework teoretis yang membangun sistem berpikir dalam kajian ini adalah agency dan strukturisasi. Teknis analisisnya adalah analisis wacana menggunakan tiga strategi, yaitu (1) Strategi institusional; sejauhmana melihat wacana pro kontra regulasi Kesehatan tentang zat adictive dan tembakau secara institusional. (2) strategi sosial, dengan melihat argumentasi kelompok masyarakat atas respon regulasi tersebut dengan membedakan orientasi pemberdayaan (empowering) dan bukan pemberdayaan (disempowering). (3) strategi ironic, dengan menempatkan wacana tembakau dari perspektif spesifik terkait dengan kesehatan masyarakat yang menjelaskan peningkatan self-monitoring and discipline, yang seolah-olah mendorong pertumbuhan baru secara cepat (proleferation), dan ironis yang cenderung menurunkan kredibilitas. Hasil penelitian ini adalah: 1) Pihak yang menolak pemberlakuan regulasi, berargumentasi bahwa pemerintah tidak memperhatikan kontribusi melalui cukai kepada pendapatan negara, penyerapan tenaga kerja yang sangat signifikan untuk masyarakat industri, dan para petani tembakau dan menjadi komoditas andalan pemerintah daerah. Di samping itu, kontrol industri multinasional asing, WHO, FCTC, dan Kementerian Kesehatan, serta NGO masuk kawasan negara berkembang, baik melalui kegiatan akademis, keagamaan, industri global untuk menguasai dan menggantikan produk rokok yang bebas ’zat adiktif’, dan berakhir meminggirkan produksi kretek lokal. 2) Pihak yang mendukung pemberlakuan regulasi rokok, berdasar pada kandungan rokok yang mengandung zat adiktif; membahayakan bagi perokok aktif dan pasif, dan mengakibatkan kanker, jantung, dan bahkan meningkatkan angka kematian. Hal ini didukung oleh lembaga WHO, FCTC, Kementerian kesehatan, berbagai ormas Islam (Muhammadiyah dan ormas Islam lain) melalui MUI, dan Kelompok LSM yang konsern di bidang kesehatan dan lingkungan hidup. 3) Nahdlatul Ulama adalah salah satu ormas Islam yang menolak atas pemberlakuan regulasi tersebut dan juga menolak penetapan rokok/merokok adalah haram atas pertimbangan secara teks, bahwa tidak ada dalil yang dapat digunakan untuk penetapan “haram mutlak”.
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Glassman, Thomas. "3(A)(10) Financing: New Predatory Financing Using the Securities Act." Michigan Business & Entrepreneurial Law Review, no. 5.1 (2015): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.36639/mbelr.5.1.financing.
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The Section 3(a)(10) exemption of the Securities Act of 1933 is meant to exempt securities transactions where a fairness hearing by a judge or government agency’s ruling replaces the usual SEC registration requirements. Recently, there has been a rise in 3(a)(10) financing schemes, where a third party investor, what I call a “3(a)(10) financier,” will offer to purchase the outstanding debts of a company from its creditors in exchange for discounted, and unregistered, shares of stock. In many cases these exchanges are done with no notification to current shareholders whose value falls precipitously when the 3(a)(10) financier begins not only selling, but through a common clause in these 3(a)(10) financing contracts, also demanding that the company issue more shares to them at any time. The companies who work with 3(a)(10) financiers have, in some cases, become complicit in the scheme in order to hide these transactions from investors who provide the liquidity for the 3(a)(10) financier sell-offs. I conclude that the SEC needs to provide updated guidance on Section 3(a)(10) as well as bring significant enforcement actions to curtail this budding predatory finance scheme.
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Howard, Joanna. "Reforming SEC ALJ Proceedings." University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, no. 50.3 (2017): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.50.3.reforming.
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This Note considers the current constitutional challenges to SEC administrative proceedings and suggests process reforms to enhance fairness for respondents. Challenges have developed since the Dodd-Frank Act expanded the SEC’s ability to use administrative proceedings. Arguments that there is a pre-existing flaw in the method of appointing administrative law judges provide the most potential for success. The Tenth Circuit’s December 2016 decision against the SEC in Bandimere has created a split, diverging from the D.C. Circuit’s analysis of that question in Lucia. Resolution by the Supreme Court may be inevitable. Even if the challengers do ultimately succeed, this will not improve substantially the fairness or efficiency of the process. The SEC’s recent rule changes consist of only limited reform of its rules of practice governing administrative proceedings. This Note suggests addressing fairness and efficiency issues directly, by reforming the SEC’s criteria for selecting cases to pursue in front of its administrative law judges, introducing a right of removal where the SEC alleges fraud, and establishing an affirmative obligation to ensure that the SEC identifies material and potentially undermining evidence to respondents.
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Brei, Gerald. "Due Process in EU antitrust proceedings – causa finita after Menarini?" Zeitschrift für Wettbewerbsrecht 13, no. 1 (March 12, 2015): 34–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15375/zwer-2015-0104.
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AbstractAnd these men are my judges? My lord treasurer, Towards you I will be just, be you but just To me. ‘Tis said that you consult with zeal The good of England, and of England’s queen; Are honest, watchful, indefatigable; I will believe it. Not your private ends, Your sovereign and your country’s weal alone, Inspire your counsels and direct your deeds. Therefore, my noble lord, you should the more Distrust your heart; should see that you mistake not The welfare of the government for justice.Friedrich Schiller, Mary Stuart (Act I Scene 7)
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Beca, Juan Pablo. "La enseñanza de la ética profesional a estudiantes de derecho: análisis de caso." Derecho y Justicia, no. 6 (August 9, 2018): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.29344/07196377.6.1423.
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ResumenEl trabajo analiza el curso Ética Profesional en la carrera de Derecho en la Universidad Católica de Temuco. Examina la forma como se abordaba la ética profesional antes de la creación del curso, y lo que ha ocurrido con él a través de sucesivos cambios curriculares y la introducción del modelo por competencias. El curso aporta al sello identitario, mediante un enfoque multidisciplinario. El curso ha vinculado teoría y práctica, desde que comenzó a implementarse, hasta llegar actualmente a comprenderlo en la lógica de competencias. Esta mirada implica formar a los estudiantes para resolver dilemas éticos, lo que se hace mediante la metodología del ver–juzgar–actuar. Esta metodología de discernimiento es propia de la tradicióncatólica, pero se usa en este contexto sin un cariz religioso. El método en cuestión permite ir educando la autonomía a fn de tomar decisiones. Se analiza la importancia de contextualizar la enseñanza ética y la forma como esto se ha hecho en el curso. Finalmente se aborda la relevancia de formar la conciencia ética de los estudiantes.Palabras clave: Experiencia de enseñanza – Ética profesional –Método de discernimient.ResumoO artigo analisa o curso de Ética Profssional na Escola de Direito na Universidade Católica de Temuco. Examina a forma de como abordar a ética profssional antes da criação do curso, e o que tem acontecido com ele através de sucessivas mudanças curriculares e a introdução do modelo de competências. O curso aporta ao selo de identidade, através de uma abordagem multidisciplinar. O curso tem ligado teoria e prática, desde que começou a se programar até chegar atualmente a compreendê-lo na lógica de competência. Este olhar implica formar aos estudantes para resolver dilemas éticos, o que é feito pela metodologia do ver-julgar-agir. Este método de discernimento é próprio da tradição Católica, mas é usado neste contexto, sem um aspecto religioso. O método em questão permite ir educando na autonomia com a fnalidade de tomar decisões. Analisa-se a importância de contextualizar o ensino da ética e a forma como isso tem sido feito no curso. Finalmente se aborda a relevância de formar consciência ética dos estudantes.Palavras-chave: Experiência de ensino - Ética Profssional - Método de discernimento.AbstractThis paper analyses the Professional Ethics course at the School of Law of Universidad Católica de Temuco. It reviews the way in which ethics was addressed before the course was created, and what has happened with it through the subsequent curricular changes and the implementation of a competency based model. The course contributes to the seal of identity through a multidisciplinary approach. Theory and practice have been progressively bound together since the course was introduced, to reach a point, nowadays, in which the course is understood within the logic of competencies. This point of view implies educating students for solving ethical dilemmas, which is done through the see–judge–act methodology. This discernment methodology belongs to the Roman Catholic tradition, but is used in this context without its religious complexion. This method allows educating autonomy in order to make decisions. It also analyses the importance of contextualizing ethics education and the way in which this has been done in the course. Finally, it addresses the relevance ofcreating an ethical consciousness of the students.Keywords: Teaching experience – Professional Ethics – Discernment method