Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sédiments fluviaux – Lion, Golfe du (France)'
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Mikolajczak, Guillaume. "Dynamique de l'eau et des apports particulaires originaires du Rhône sur la marge continentale du Golfe du Lion." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/5424/.
Full textThe continental shelves are the outlet of rivers and their sediment load resulting from continental erosion. Due to the anthropization of watersheds, rivers also carry contaminants, most of which, in particulate form, are fixed to fine sedimentary particles. The filtering role of the continental shelves with regard to these inputs is poorly known and strongly depends on the morphological, hydrodynamic and river regime characteristics of the site. The Gulf of Lions is an area whose functioning with regard to river inputs has been intensely studied for several decades. Easterly storms have been recognized as an essential component of transport across the Gulf of Lions shelf. They induce strong southwesterward currents that export coastal waters out of the Gulf of Lions to the Spanish margin, as well as swells that resuspend sediment. The first objective of this thesis is to study the fate of the Rhône's inputs to the Gulf of Lions and more precisely to determine the residence times of river water on the shelf in response to physical forcings. The second objective is to study the dynamics of sediment budgets in the Gulf, in terms of storage and erosion for different regions of the shelf, but also of transfer between these regions, and finally of export to the slope and the Spanish continental margin. The methodology used is based on hydro-sedimentary numerical modelling and relies on innovative observation sets. The numerical tool is based on the coupling of the 3D SYMPHONIE model with the WW3 sea state model and the MUSTANG sediment transport model. The abundance of observations during the winter 2010-2011 motivated the choice to carry out the numerical modelling from September 2010 to May 2011. The observations are constitued of permanent moorings on the shelf and many deployed intruments during the CASCADE campaign (March 2011). The thesis is organized in two parts. The first part deals with the residence times of water of Rhodanian origin on the Gulf of Lions shelf and its export outside the Gulf. The results show that the residence times can vary from 30 to 55 days with an important role of strong winds to reduce them. Export routes in southwest of the Gulf of Lions were then investigated. For this purpose, the end of the continental shelf, which opens towards the Spanish continental shelf, and the continental slope, which leads to the deep domain, were separated. Due to the mild winter under study, 70% of exports are toward the Spanish shelf, in contrast to previous results showing that for a cold winter this percentage corresponds to a transfer to great depths via the Cap de Creus canyon. The second part concerns the transfer of sediments. We then focus on the retention of matter on the Rhône prodelta. Over the 8 months considered, 20% of the contributions from the Rhône are stored over 140 km2 in front of the mouth. The sand deposit is limited to the 0-20 m zone while beyond 20 m, the deposit only concerns mud. In these deeper areas, storms erode a relatively small portion of the mud deposits and create new sand deposits. The second zone studied is the entire continental shelf on which erosive zones north of Cap d'Agde and an accumulation on the mudflat between Narbonne and Leucate, in the upper part of the Cap de Creus canyon and at the exit of the Gulf of Lions in front of Rosas Bay are highlighted. Finally, over the period studied, the export of matter out of the Gulf of Lion shelf is about 5.7 M tons for an input of 3.2 M tons by the Gulf of Lions rivers
Guarracino, Maud. "Contrôle hydrodynamique du transfert de la matière particulaire sur la marge continentale du Golfe du Lion." Perpignan, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PERP0575.
Full textA long term experiment of monthly downward particle fluxes and hourly currents and temperature has been initiated in 1993 on the continental slope of the Gulf of Lions. This study aims at describing the spatial variation of the intensity and nature of particle fluxes, discriminating the temporal flux variability, and analysing the role of some forcing factors in the control of particle exchange across the margin. Forcing variables include sources of particulate matter on the shelf (river inputs, atmospheric input and resuspension) and cross-slope exchange mechanism derived from in-situ temperature and current records. The statistical analysis of the long term time series underlines that the transfer of particulate matter to the deep ocean is not forced by the sources of matter, and mass fluxes are likely controlled by the meandering of the Northern Current and by winter dense water formation. Numerical simulations have been carried out to check these hypotheses as well as to define the spatial structure of the water exchanges between the continental shelf and the basin and the major hydrodynamic mechanism which controls the export of matter to deep ocean. This modelling approach scans the impact of local atmospheric forcing (wind stress, heat fluxes, precipitation-evaporation budget) on the variability of the oceanic circulation and of mass fluxes within the canyons. Some results showed an East-West gradient of matter export on the shelf, a positive correlation between matter inputs from the shelf and particle fluxes measured on the slope as well as a positive correlation between anomalies of dense water formation rates and interannual variability of particle fluxes
Jallet, Laurent. "La ride sédimentaire pyrénéo-languedocienne : étude multi-échelle d'une accumulation sédimentaire marine profonde dans le Golfe du Lion (méditerranée nord-occidentale)." Perpignan, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PERP0485.
Full textUnder effect of tectonical, eustatic and morphological factors, marine sediments mainly confined on the continental shelves, move to the slope and to the abyssal plain where they feed sedimentary bodies more or less extended. In the Gulf of Lions (north-western part of the Mediterranean), the Pyreneo-Languedocian Sedimentary Ridge, located at the foot of the Catalano-Languedocian slope is an enlarged sedimentary levee. It forms the southern levee of the Creus Cape valley and the western one of the Sète valley. This sedimentary ridge is characterised by dune-like structures which have mainly a hydro-sedimentary origin (sediment waves). Seismical, morphological and sedimentological studies conducted on the Ridge form a multi-scale study that allowed us to appreciate its original causes, the factors responsible for its construction during the Plioquaternary (salt tectonics, gravity flows, plastic deformation mechanisms) involving a new regional light
Calafat-Frau, Antonio. "Dynamique sédimentaires de la marge rhodanienne Gofe du Lion (Matière en suspension et dépôts récents)." Perpignan, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PERP0001.
Full textRouibah, Mohamed. "Relations entre la composition chimique des eaux interstitielles et les caractéristiques des dépots récents sur la marge rhodanienne (Golfe du Lion) : mécanismes de digénèse précoce de la matière organique." Perpignan, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PERP0154.
Full textCertain, Raphaël. "Morphodynamique d'une côte sableuse microtidale à barres : le Golfe du Lion (Languedoc-Roussillon)." Perpignan, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PERP0465.
Full textThis multi-scale study aims at understanding the geodynamic functioning of the gulf of Lions littoral prism. The secular evolution of the emerged and immersed sandy prism brings out the sediment availability notion to identify erosion or accretion trends of the shore according to sand volumes in the nearshore. At medium scale, the nearshore bars act in two successive modes: a dynamic equilibrium position (O. P. E. ) during common hydrodynamic conditions and a net offshore migration model (N. O. M. ) showing the seaward migration of bars during high-energy conditions leading up to their degeneration. Finally, at short scale, the study underlines the instantaneous response of shore sandy units during different periods of storm
Ferré, Bénédicte. "Comparaison de l'effet des tempêtes et du chalutage sur la resuspension et le transport de matières particulaires dans le Golfe du Lion." Perpignan, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PERP0584.
Full textThe impact of storms and trawling on the resuspension and transport of sediment in the Gulf of Lion has been studied. A first experiment conducted in a muddy-sand bay, illustrated the effect of a major storm on sediment resuspension. The results revealed a strong turbidity increase throughout the whole water column. Particulate flux were estimated and highlighted the limitation of erosion by bed armoring. Residence time of suspended fine particles after the peak of the storm was about one week. A 1DV oscillatory turbulent boundary layer model compared well with the observations and further showed that such storms could resuspend sediment up to 40 m depth, corresponding to the sand to mud transition limit. A second experiment aimed at estimating the characteristics of the turbid plumes and the resuspension fluxes generated by bottom trawls (geometry, resuspended sediment concentration, grain size) on different muddy substrates. Monitoring and modeling of plume deposition showed that most of the resuspended sediment settled within a couple of hours, and that the remaining suspended fine sediment could feed the bottom nepheloid layer. The impact of both resuspension processes was compared in winter conditions using a sediment- and hydro- dynamics model. Results indicate that waves and currents resuspend primarily muddy-sand sediments of the inner-shelf, between 20 and 40 m deep, whereas trawling-induced resuspension is maximum on muddy sediment between 80 and 100 m depth. Whereas the quantities resuspended by waves and currents clearly exceed those induced by trawling, the quantities of exported particles are comparable
Pierre, Ferrer. "Morphodynamique à multi-échelles du trait de côte (prisme sableux) du golfe du Lion depuis le dernier optimum climatique." Perpignan, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00532788v2.
Full textProblems in coastal environments are often linked to the position of the shoreline, which has moved for 6000 years. Gulf of Lion (Mediterranean Sea) is an exceptional natural laboratory for morphodynamical studies of the shoreline in microtidal environment, using the existence of coastal lagoons behind the barrier island and subtidal sandbars on the shoreface. Lagoons are environments where the sedimentary infill is well preserved. The sedimentary record can be used for the paleo-reconstruction of the lagoon and of the sandy barrier. The first goal of this work is to characterize the evolution of Thau lagoon and Sète sandy barrier from the sedimentary infill. Using data of seismic reflexion and sedimentary cores, three mains units have been described. The main steps of the lagoon edification have been reconstructed using the analyses and the datation of the sedimentary samples. Coast showing systems with two sandbars have been observed in meso- and macrotidal environments. Their study in microtidal environment is less abundant, that’s why the system of Leucate Beach has been studied since 2000. The second goal of this work is to propose a conceptual modeling based on the morphodynamics of the system, from geophysical and hydrodynamical data. This model is based on morphodynamic observed sequences, it is necessary to create two beach states which can be included in the usual classification. It shows the role of the significant wave height and the incidence of the waves in the morphodynamics of the system
Acherki, Nabila. "Analyse palynologique de quatre carottes du Golfe du Lion : application à la restitution de la végétation et du climat du midi de la France pendant le dernier cycle climatique et à la stratigraphie marine." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20101.
Full textEl, Hmaidi Abdellah. "Unités sédimentaires et paléoenvironnements du quaternaire terminal sur la marge rhodanienne (Golfe du Lion, France)." Perpignan, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PERP0170.
Full textStabholz, Marion. "Impact of dense water formations on the particulate organic matter dynamics : application to the gulf of Lion margin." Perpignan, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PERP1245.
Full textMany, Gael. "Impacts of storm and flood events on suspended particulate matter dynamics in the Gulf of Lions. Contributions of gliders to a multi-platform approach." Thesis, Perpignan, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PERP0033/document.
Full textCoastal suspended particulate matter dynamics play a main role in the fate of land-derived material from the source (rivers) to sink (continental margins, submarine canyons, deep sea). The monitoring of this dynamic, especially during flooding and storm conditions, is decisive to understand factors impacting sedimentary budgets of continental margins, health of benthic habitats and spread of contaminants. The aim of this PhD is to study the impacts of such events on the suspended particles dynamics over the shelf of the Gulf of Lions (NW Mediteranean). A multi-platform approach, combining existing observation platforms (survey, glider, satellite, mooring and coastal buoy) and based on the measurement of the turbidity was adopted. Results enabled to describe 1) the impacts of forcings (winds, waves, currents) on the dynamics of nepheloid layers during flooding and storm conditions, 2) the variability of the particle assemblage during such events through an in situ characterization and 3) the role of gliders in the monitoring of suspended particles dynamics within the coastal zone
Radakovitch, Olivier. "Etude du transfert et du dépôt du matériel particulaire par le 210 Po et le 210 Pb : application aux marges continentales du Golfe de Gascogne (NE Atlantique) et du Golfe de Lion (NW Méditerranée) par Olivier Radakovitch." Perpignan, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PERP0212.
Full textMarin, Béatrice. "Répartition et fractionnement géochimique des éléments traces dans les sédiments marins : application à la marge continentale du Golfe du Lion (Méditerranée Nord-Ouest, France)." Perpignan, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PERP0309.
Full textDufois, François. "Modélisation du transport particulaire dans le Golfe du Lion en vue d'une application au devenir des traceurs radioactifs issus du Rhône." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441198.
Full textDumas, Chloé. "Impact of extreme events on particulate trace metal transfer from the continent to the deep sea." Perpignan, 2014. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01164554.
Full textHigueras, Marina. "Impact of eastern storm on the transfert of particulate organic matter in the Gulf of Lion (NW Mediterranean sea)." Perpignan, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PERP1240.
Full textRivers represent the primary pathway for particulate organic matter (POM) transport from continent to the continental shelf and are capable of discharging significant amounts of this organic matter during the occurrence of short but violent flash flood events, commonly associated with eastern storms. Terrestrial matter delivered by rivers during flash flood events is stored into continental shelf. Then, hydrodynamic conditions occurring at the shelf are capable of transferring this matter to the deep sea along submarine canyons. This study has allowed to simultaneously assess the variations of the quantity and origin of the POM in several rivers discharging into the NW Mediterranean Sea during a flash flood event, in the settling particles of two sediment traps deployed into the southern flank of the Cap de Creus canyon; and in the surficial sediments along 4 transects perpendicular to the continental shelf during March 2011. The obtained results will help us to understand land-sea exchanges
Kulling, Benjamin. "Déformation du rivage et dérive littorale des plages du Golfe du Lion." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0324/document.
Full textWave data from 1979 to 2010 derived from a large-scale modelling database (ANEMOC-2) were used together with high resolution topo-bathymetric LiDAR data as inputs within the coastal engineering model Unibest-LT (Uniform Beach Sediment - Longshore Transport). The spatial and temporal coverage of these data offers a unique opportunity to carry out a comprehensive study of potential longshore transport intensity and direction.Over the 250 km-long stretch of coast covering the study area, the longshore drift directions computed with the 30-year mean wave climate closely match those of previous findings based on experimental geomorphological methods.Potential LST rates are then computed for each year individually over the 1979-2010 period. Deviations from the 30-year mean LST rates are used to identify 3 cases: positive anomalies, negative anomalies and close to normal. Storm contributions to longshore transport are brought into light: inter-annual variability in LST rates is strongly correlated to >4 m waves occurences.The relationship between LST rates gradients alongshore and shoreline changes is also investigated : despite the significant amout of papers on that subject, results showned in this thesis appears to be disappointing.In the light of these findings, coastal drift cell boundaries are defined taking into account the 30-year mean potential LST rates and the inter-annual variability. This thesis thus highlights the good potential of longshore transport modelling in yielding coherent results that are essential from a shoreline management perspective for future coastal sustainability
Bourrin, François. "Variabilité et devenir des apports sédimentaires par les fleuves côtiers : cas du système Têt-littoral roussillonnais dans le golfe du Lion." Phd thesis, Université de Perpignan, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00383233.
Full textGangloff, Aurélien. "Devenir des apports solides du Rhône dans le Golfe du Lion : étude de la dynamique du panache turbide du Rhône en réponse aux forçages hydrométéorologiques." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0117/document.
Full textContaminants, which can be dissolved in water or adsorbed on particles, are mainly delivered to the coastal environment by rivers. Thus, sediment dynamics reperesent a relevant proxy of contaminants dynamics. ThisPhD thesis is part of the ANR AMORAD project, of which one workpackage focuses on the fate of sediments in the coastal environment. This work focuses on the dynamics of Rhône River sediments in the Gulf of Lions (north-western mediterranean), this river delivering 80 % of the sediments of the Gulf. While previous studies over the area allowed a better understanding of physical processes at the water-sediment interface, processes driving suspended particulate matter (SPM) dynamics are still poorly understood. To better describe this SPM dynamics and improve hydrosedimentary models, the aim is to better characterize these particles. To this end, a large dataset collected from in situ deployed sensors (data collected for 12 field campaigns, conducted from 2011 to 2016) was analyzed to get a 2D vertical but ponctual view (both spatially and temporally). Complementary, a satellite images dataset (MERIS-300m ocean colour archive from 2002 to 2012) was built in order to get a long term and more synoptic view (but limited to surface).This dataset (more than 800 images) was originaly studied, applying a semi-empirical process to extract various Rhône River turbid plume metrics (e.g. area of extension, south-east-westernmost points, shape, centroids, SPM concentrations). Plume metrics and physical properties of SPM such as their concentration in water, their median diameter or their settling velocity were investigated regarding the different hydrometeorological forcings (e.g. Rhône River discharge, prevailing winds). A new hydrosedimentary model, based on the coupling of the 3D hydrodynamical model MARS-3D and the sedimentary module MIXSED, was set and ocean color and in situ data were used to constrain the settling velocity of particles, key parameter of hydrosedimentary modelling
Sadaoui, Mahrez. "Variabilité et évolution des apports de matières en suspension dans la zone côtière : approche multi-échelle dans le bassin de la Méditerranée." Thesis, Perpignan, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PERP0037.
Full textRivers ensure the transport of suspended particulate matter (SPM) to the Sea, introducing sand, nutrients and contaminants. According to their drainange basin characteristics (mountainous relief, contrasting climates), Mediterranean rivers are naturally rich in SPM, but their fluxes are largely altered today because of damming. This study aims to understand the variability and evolution of the riverine SPM inputs to the Mediterranean sea by a multiscale approach. (1) In the Gulf of Lion, total SPM fluxes (and associated nutrients) were estimated on the long term through the development of a new method SiRCA (Simplified Rating Curve Approach). The lithology is the main control for the spatial variability of these fluxes, which attributes to the Rhône River the dominant role in the overall fluxes (95%). (2) In the Mediterranean basin, empirical modeling could be established which allows for the first time a complete quantification of the inputs by all the rivers in this region (997 Mt/an). It also confirms the importance of lithology among the dominant controlling factors. By combining this model with a database of large dams in this region, it has been calculated that about 35% of SPM are today retained behind dams. (3) In the Maghreb basin, finally the role of sediment retention by small dams and hillside reservoirs has been studied. A new database on these reservoirs was created and combined with the database on large dams. This study demonstrates that small dams probably retain the same amount of sediments that large dams