Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sedimentation water treatment

Academic literature on the topic 'Sedimentation water treatment'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Sedimentation water treatment"

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Arendze, S., and M. Sibiya. "Filter backwash water treatment options." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 4, no. 2 (December 16, 2013): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2013.131.

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Filtration acts as the final step in the removal of suspended matter and protozoa. The accumulated residue is removed during the backwash process and any subsequent recycling of filter backwash water could potentially re-introduce these contaminants into the main treatment process. By separating the filter backwash water from the main treatment process, factors that could interfere with the integrity of the primary treatment barriers, will be eliminated. Treatment and recovery of the filter backwash water would be beneficial in terms of water reuse, by replacing a proportion of the freshwater demand. The aim of this study was to investigate possible treatment options for the filter backwash water at Rand Water. Treatment options for filter backwash water treatment plants usually consist of a solids removal process and a disinfection process. Three solid removal processes for filter backwash water from Rand Water's filtration systems were selected for testing on an experimental basis: (1) sedimentation without flocculation, (2) sedimentation with flocculation, and (3) dissolved air flotation with flocculation. Flocculation with sedimentation produced the best results when compared to the other two treatment options evaluated. It is a simple and effective option for the treatment of filter backwash water.
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., Ilyas Eker, Fahrettin Gogus ., and Mehmet Tumay . "Sedimentation Process in a Water Treatment System." Journal of Applied Sciences 2, no. 6 (May 15, 2002): 694–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jas.2002.694.697.

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Rahman, Arief, and Ali Masduqi. "Study of turbidity treatment in Karangpilang II Water Treatment Plant." Sustinere: Journal of Environment and Sustainability 1, no. 2 (December 29, 2017): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/sustinere.jes.v1i2.12.

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Karangpilang II Water Treatment Plant (WTP) is a part of Karangpilang WTP of Surabaya Water Utilities that serves the water supply for Surabaya City. Karangpilang II WTP has the biggest clean water production capacity in Karangpilang WTP, which is 2500 L/s. Using conventional treatment to remove turbidity, the treatment plant in Karangpilang II WTP consists of pre-sedimentation, clearator and filter units. In this study, evaluation of turbidity quality in production water and turbidity removal efficiency were conducted to analyze the Karangpilang II WTP performance in turbidity treatment. The evaluation was conducted using the 2016 data, by comparing the turbidity of production water with the Water Quality Standard of the Water Utilities, and by comparing the turbidity of raw water, effluents of each treatment unit and production water. The evaluation result showed that in the case of Karangpilang II WTP turbidity removal performance, there were some occurrences that the turbidity in production water has not met the standard quality. The results also showed that there was a unit in the Karang Pilang II WTP with inadequate performance in turbidity removal, namely pre‑sedimentation unit. There are some solutions for the problem of turbidity removal in Karangpilang II WTP: increasing the maintenance schedule for pre-sedimentation unit; determining the proper turbidity reference in determination of coagulant dose; optimizing the coagulant dose; using produced sludge from water treatment as coagulant aid along with Al2SO4; and using capping material in filter unit.
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O′Melia, Charles R. "Coagulation and sedimentation in lakes, reservoirs and water treatment plants." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 2 (January 1, 1998): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0122.

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Coagulation and sedimentation occur naturally in all lakes and reservoirs and, by design, in water treatment plants using surface supplies. Important factors that affect water quality in lakes and reservoirs include nutrient loading, areal hydraulic loading, and detention time together with the concentrations of land-derived (pedogenic) natural organic matter and hardness in waters entering the lake or reservoir. These, in turn, have important effects on the design and operation of potable water treatment systems. It is difficult and expensive to use the good physics to compensate for poor chemistry in water treatment plant design. There are many interesting and useful similarities among the physical and chemical characteristics of lakes, reservoirs, and water treatment plants.
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Hallberg, M., G. Renman, L. Byman, G. Svenstam, and M. Norling. "Treatment of tunnel wash water and implications for its disposal." Water Science and Technology 69, no. 10 (March 4, 2014): 2029–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.113.

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The use of road tunnels in urban areas creates water pollution problems, since the tunnels must be frequently cleaned for traffic safety reasons. The washing generates extensive volumes of highly polluted water, for example, more than fivefold higher concentrations of suspended solids compared to highway runoff. The pollutants in the wash water have an affinity for particulate material, so sedimentation should be a viable treatment option. In this study, 12 in situ sedimentation trials were carried out on tunnel wash water, with and without addition of chemical flocculent. Initial suspended solids concentration ranged from 804 to 9,690 mg/L. With sedimentation times of less than 24 hours and use of a chemical flocculent, it was possible to reach low concentrations of suspended solids (<15 mg/L), PAH (<0.1 μg/L), As (<1.0 μg/L), Cd (<0.05 μg/L), Hg (<0.02 μg/L), Fe (<200 μg/L), Ni (<8 μg/L), Pb (<0.5 μg/L), Zn (<60 μg/L) and Cr (<8 μg/L). Acute Microtox® toxicity, mainly attributed to detergents used for the tunnel wash, decreased significantly at low suspended solids concentrations after sedimentation using a flocculent. The tunnel wash water did not inhibit nitrification. The treated water should be suitable for discharge into recipient waters or a wastewater treatment plant.
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Poleneni, Sandhya Rao, Enos Inniss, Honglan Shi, John Yang, Bin Hua, and Joseph Clamp. "Enhanced Flocculation Using Drinking Water Treatment Plant Sedimentation Residual Solids." Water 11, no. 9 (August 31, 2019): 1821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11091821.

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Inefficient removal of total organic carbon (TOC) leads to the formation of carcinogenic disinfection by-products (DBPs) when a disinfectant is added. This study is performed in an effort to develop a simple, non-invasive, and cost-effective technology that will effectively lower organic precursors by having water utilities reuse their treatment residual solids. Jar tests are used to simulate drinking water treatment processes with coagulants—aluminum sulfate (alum), poly-aluminum chloride (PACl), and ferric chloride and their residual solids. Ten coagulant-to-residual (C/R) ratios are tested with water from the Missouri River at Coopers Landing in Columbia, MO versus alluvial ground waters. This treatment results in heavier floc formation and leads to improved sedimentation of organics and additional removal of aluminum and iron. An average of 21%, 28%, and 33% additional TOC removal can be achieved with C/R ratios <1 with alum, PACl, and ferric chloride, respectively.
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Latvala, A. "Advanced Chemical Treatment with Flocculation in Pipes." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 3-4 (March 1, 1990): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0201.

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At the beginning of 1988 there were in Finland about ten small chemical wastewater treatment plants that were using flocculation in pipes instead of flocculation basins. This method consists of Me+++-chemical feeding, mixing, flocculation and sedimentation. Chemicals were fed into the suction openings of the wastewater pump, which is used for rapid mixing and also for pumping wastewater flow to the sedimentation basin. In the sedimentation sludge blanket sedimentation in deep vertical sedimentation basins was used. The sedimentation basin can also be used as sludge storage, if it is made sufficiently large. This method has been found especially suitable for small wastewater treatment plants, because it needs little labour and is cheap to build and to use and it is not affected negatively by fluctuations in the flow. The construction costs of this system in Finland have been about 50 % of those involved in traditional chemical package plants. The limitations of this method are its weakness in removing soluble organic load and its inability to oxygenate or remove nitrogen. However, a biological unit designed to cope with these limitations is under development.
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Chin, Kee Kean, and Say Leong Ong. "Treatment and reuse of water for prawn cultivation." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 9 (November 1, 1994): 255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0492.

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An experimental prawn pond of 600 sq m surface area and 2 m depth was used for the cultivation of tiger prawn. Thirty-thousand 14-day PL flies were stocked. Water treatment systems consisting of primary sedimentation, aerated biofilter and inclined plate final sedimentation were installed for treatment and recycling of the pond water. With complete recycling and reuse of the pond water and occasional replenishing with seawater to make up for losses due to evaporation, water quality was maintained at an acceptable level. Survival rate of the prawn was above 80 %. Prawn yield was estimated to be around 7.6 tonnes/hectare-cycle or 22.8 tonnes/hectare-year.
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Yero, Jezhi Paul, Idris Misau Muhammad, Adamu Mohammad Bello, Abdulwadud Abdulkarim Yusuf, and Atiku Yakubu Musa. "Development of Bench Scale Water Treatment Unit for the Treatment of Medium Turbid Water: The Use of Natural Coagulant." Path of Science 7, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 1001–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22178/pos.66-4.

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Water purification is a process used to enhance water quality and make it more acceptable for specific end-use. The rising increase for portable drinking water has made natural coagulant application for water purification a welcome development. Most reported researches were on the use of natural coagulants in a laboratory batch scale. Because of those above, a bench-scale laboratory study was carried out on the application of Balanites Aegyptiaca seed as a natural coagulant. The outcome showed its usefulness toward water purification. This paper reported the developed bench-scale water treatment plant's performance utilising Balanites Aegyptiaca seed stock solution and the powdered kennel as bio-coagulant. Some design equations were adopted. The treatment units considered include coagulation/flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration. The total tank design capacity was 20 litres with the overflow area's actual size for sedimentation of 7.46 litres. 0.5 Hp electric motor with a speed of 600 rpm and a speed gear drop of 120 rpm were selected. 0.0127 m pipe flow line diameter connecting the tanks with a corresponding pipe flow velocity of 0.108 m/s was obtained from the design. However, in both the coagulation, sedimentation and filtration units, the material balance obtained showed a steadiness in the material flow across sedimentation and filtration units. However, among the parameters tested in the raw turbid water, the turbid water revealed turbidity of 514 NTU, the colour of 5600 CTU, the conductivity of 276 µs/cm, pH of 7.10 and total coliform bacteria count of 85 CFU/100 mL which were above the recommended set standard of WHO and NIS. The result of the treated water using the stock solution and the powdered kennel (bio-coagulant) on the developed water treatment unit showed a remarkable reduction in the tested parameters in the raw turbid water used for the treatment process. Total coliform count reduces from 85 CFU/100 ml to 10 CFU/ml in both cases. It was observed that conductivity increases after the treatment, but other inorganic constituents reduce significantly though not to WHO and NIS's recommended set standard. The 0-dosage treatment conducted also showed a reduction in all the tested parameters.
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Sharma, Saroj K., Mustefa Hussen, and Gary Amy. "Soil aquifer treatment using advanced primary effluent." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 3 (August 1, 2011): 640–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.663.

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Soil aquifer treatment (SAT) using primary effluent (PE) is an attractive option for wastewater treatment and reuse in many developing countries with no or minimal wastewater treatment. One of the main limitations of SAT of PE is rapid clogging of the infiltration basin due to high suspended solid concentrations. Some pre-treatment of PE before infiltration is likely to reduce this limitation, improve performance of SAT and help to implement this technology effectively. The effects of three pre-treatment options namely sedimentation (SED), coagulation (COAG) and horizontal roughing filtration (HRF) on SAT were analyzed by conducting laboratory-scale batch and soil column experiments. The sedimentation and coagulation pre-treatments led to less head loss development and reduction of clogging effect. The head loss development in soil column using PE + COAG and PE + SED was reduced by 85 and 72%, respectively, compared to PE alone without any pre-treatment. The overall dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal of pre-treatments and soil column collectively were 34, 44, 51 and 43.5% for PE without any pre-treatment, PE + SED, PE + COAG and PE + HRF, respectively. Coagulation pre-treatment of PE was found to be the most effective option in terms of suspended solids, DOC and nitrogen removal. Sedimentation pre-treatment of PE could be attractive where land is relatively less expensive for the construction of sedimentation basins.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sedimentation water treatment"

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Jenkins, Andre' L. Kramer Timothy L. "Conditions contributing to poor coagulation and sedimentation performance in municipal water treatment." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1310.

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Byman, Lina. "Treatment of wash water from road tunnels." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik (flyttat 20130630), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-171816.

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Tunnels have become increasingly important in the development of road networks to meet rising transportation demands. Washing of road tunnels must be performed regularly to ensure traffic safety. The washing procedure generates significant amount of polluted wash water. Before discharge to a receiving water body, treatment is necessary to avoid potential degradation of the water quality. In this study, 12 in situ sedimentation experiments were conducted to evaluate treatment efficiency of sedimentation, with and without the addition of chemical flocculent. The findings showed that untreated tunnel wash water was highly polluted with total suspended solids (804-9690 mg/l), PAHs (0.4–29 μg/l) and heavy metals. Most pollutants were associated with the particulate material. Significant correlations (r2 > 0.95) were found between suspended solids and metals. Efficient removal of pollutants was possible by sedimentation with addition of flocculent. Within 20 hours of sedimentation low concentrations were reached of suspended solids (<15mg/l), PAHs (<0.1 μg/l), Cd (<0.05 μg/l), Cr (< 8 μg/l), Hg (<0.02 μg/l), Pb (<0.5 μg/l) and Zn (< 60 μg/l). The results confirm the possibility to treat tunnel wash water with sedimentation and flocculation and to discharge treated wash water to a recipient, provided particular attention is given to very sensitive water bodies.
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McLoughlin, Liam. "A comparative study of flocculative water treatment by dissolved air flotation and sedimentation." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284679.

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Hellstedt, Cajsa. "Calibration of a dynamic model for the activated sludge process at Henriksdal wastewater treatment plant." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-88900.

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För att simulera aktivslamprocessen på ett reningsverk krävs en dynamisk modell som realistiskt beskriver processen. 1987 kom IWA, International Water Association med ASM1, Activated Sludge model no. 1 som fortfarande är den mest använda modellen för att beskriva denna process. I detta examensarbete har ASM1 används för att beskriva aktivslamprocessen på Henriksdals reningsverk i Stockholm. Arbetet har utförts som en del i ett europeiskt projekt, HIPCON (Holistic Integrated Process CONtrol) på IVL, Svenska Miljöinstitutet AB.

Arbetet har gått ut på att ta fram en modell som realistiskt beskriver aktivslamprocessen och eftersedimenteringen. För att göra detta har en referensmodell i MATLAB/Simulink använts som grund och byggts om för att likna processen vid Henriksdal. Denna modell i Simulink använder ASM1 för att beskriva aktivslamprocessen. Eftersedimenteringen modelleras med en massbalansmodell där sedimenteringshastigheten beskrivs av en dubbelexponentiell sedimenteringsfunktion. Både ASM1 och sedimenteringsfunktionen använder en mängd olika parametrar för att beskriva processerna och dessa måste kalibreras fram för den process som skall modelleras. Aktivslamprocessen är en biologisk process som beror på en mängd yttre och inre faktorer och är unik för varje reningsverk. Därför finns det inte något enkelt sätt att kalibrera en modell på och information för det enskilda reningsverket i fråga måste tas fram. I detta arbete har två mätkampanjer utförts på Henriksdal för att få mätserier till kalibrering och validering samt information om avloppsvattnets sammansättning. Litteraturstudier har också genomförts för att få information om vilka parametervärden som är av störst intresse för modellen samt i vilket område varje parameter kan förväntas finnas.

Arbetet har sedan gått ut på att efter riktlinjer för kalibrering funna i litteraturen ta fram en modell som så realistiskt som möjligt beskriver processen på Henriksdal. Först genomfördes en kalibrering med medelvärden för att hitta jämviktstillstånd och därmed en stabil modell på länge sikt. Utifrån den modellen utfördes sedan en dynamisk kalibrering för att få en modell som beskriver även kortsiktiga och snabba förändringar. Till sist utfördes en validering för att kontrollera om modellen fungerar även för en dataserie som ej använts vid kalibrering. Den framtagna modellen fungerade mycket bra för att modellera medelvärden på lång sikt. För snabba förändringar verkade modellen ligga fel i tiden och troligtvis var den reella uppehållstiden kortare än den teoretiska och bidrar till sämre modellanpassning.


To simulate the activated sludge process at a wastewater treatment plant a dynamic model that describes the process is needed. In 1987 IWA, International Water Association presented ASM1, Activated Sludge Model No.1 which still is the most widely used model for this process. In this thesis the ASM1 has been used to describe the activated sludge process. The work is a part of a European project, HIPCON (Holistic Integrated Process CONtrol) at IVL, Swedish Environmental Research Institute.

The main objective of the work was to calibrate a model that realistically describes the activated sludge process and secondary sedimentation at Henriksdal wastewater treatment plant in Stockholm. A benchmark model in MATLAB/Simulink was used as a base and rebuilt and extended to fit the process of Henriksdal. In the model ASM1 is used to describe the activated sludge process. The settler is modelled with a mass balance model where the settling velocity is described by a double exponential function. The parameters used in both models have to be calibrated to fit the wastewater treatment plant. To find information about Henriksdal two measuring campaigns were performed to provide data for calibration and validation and to gather information about the composition of the incoming wastewater. From this data a model was developed and calibrated for the process at Henriksdal. After calibration the obtained model worked very well for modelling average values but did not adjust quite as well to fast dynamic changes.

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Löf, Ludwig. "Evaluation of Dissolved Air Flotation for Water Purification: With Focus on Floc Characteristics and PFAS." Thesis, KTH, Kemiteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298378.

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I detta projekt har experiment utförts med mål att förse kommunalförbundet Norrvatten med data som kan användas som underlag för beslutsfattande angående om deras fällningslinjer i vattenreningsprocessen ska köras i flotation eller sedimentering. För detta ändamål har koncentrationen av poly- och perfluorerade alkylsubstanser (PFAS) samt karaktär av agglomererade partiklar (flockar) undersökts och jämförts mellan fällningslinjer som körs i olika konfigurationer. För flockkaraktär har skapandet och stabiliteten av flockar varit av intresse, eftersom flotation har ett mer turbulent flöde där flockarna riskerar att brista. Partikelstorlek, storleksfördelning och zeta potential identifierades som egenskaper som reflekterar flockarnas karaktär, dessa analyserades i en zetasizer. Koncentrationen av elva vanligt förekommande PFAS ämnen analyserades i projektet. Resultatet av flockkaraktär tyder på att det ej fanns någon större skillnad i skapandet av flockar samt deras stabilitet mellan de olika fällningslinjerna som undersökts. Detta eftersom zeta potentialen var identisk (-6.45 mV) för de analyserade proverna från respektive process. Analyserna och provberedningen bedömdes ha en hög mätosäkerhet, och några förbättringar som föreslås för att öka säkerheten är genomförande av komplementerande fotoanalys för att bekräfta likheter i utseende mellan flockar, samt att genomföra mer analyser så att en statistisk giltighet av analysen kan kvantifieras. För PFAS koncentrationen så var koncentrationen av PFAS lägre i utgående vatten från fällningslinje som körs i sedimentation (7.5 ng/l), jämfört med prov från linje som körs i flotation (9.2 ng/l). För fällningslinjen som kördes i flotation så skapades skum med höga koncentrationer av PFAS (3800 ng/l) jämfört med analyserade vattenprover (5.5–9.2 ng/l), detta identifierades som en potentiell källa för PFAS-avlägsning. Resultaten av PFAS baserades endast på en provtagningsserie, och förbättringar av validitet kan åstadkommas genom samling av mer analysdata för samma processer, och genom att analysera ett av proverna i två olika instrument, som båda analyserar PFAS koncentration.
In this project, attempts have been made to collect data that allows the municipal association Norrvatten in the decision-making process on the  flotation/ sedimentation step of their water treatment process. In this sense, poly- and perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) concentration and the characteristics of agglomerated particles (flocs) have been investigated and compared between the two modes that the process can be operated. For the floc characteristics, the creation and stability of the flocs were investigated, and the particle size, size distribution and zeta potential was identified as important properties and thereafter analysed using the instrument zetasizer. The concentration of eleven different PFAS compounds were analysed. The results of floc characteristics show that there is no major difference in creation and breakage of flocs in the two investigated modes, since the analysed samples had the same zeta potential, -6.45 mV. The results were deemed uncertain because of varying results, and improvement suggestions include using photoanalysis to confirm similar floc appearances and to produce more data so a statistical validity can be quantified. As for the PFAS concentration, the concentration of PFAS were slightly lower in the treatment step in which sedimentation was utilized (7.5 ng/l) compared to when flotation was utilized (9.2 ng/l). The flotation mode did, however, create foam with a high PFAS concentration (3800 ng/l) compared to the liquid samples (5.5-9.2 ng/l), so a potential PFAS removal source was identified. The results were based on one sample series, so improvements of validity can be achieved by gathering more data, analysing more samples, and analysing the same sample in two different instruments measuring PFAS concentrations.
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Nyström, Fredrik. "Coagulation process characteristics and pollutant removal from urban runoff." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Arkitektur och vatten, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-73091.

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Many different stormwater control measures (SCMs) can be implemented in order to mitigate issues with polluted stormwater flows into receiving water bodies.  The treatment function of  SCMs is commonly based on the removal of particles by sedimentation, thereby also removing pollutants associated with particles. In recent years, more attention has been given to characterizing and understanding of different particle size fractions and their association with pollutants commonly found in stormwater. It has become increasingly clear that the smaller sized particles are very important pollutant transporters and should be considered when designing and implementing SCMs. However, the settling velocities for smaller sized particles are very low and may not be effectively removed in existing SCMs. One treatment process with a proven ability to enhance sedimentation is coagulation/flocculation, widespread in water and wastewater treatment, but with very few accounts of it being used in a stormwater context. This thesis aims to investigate the treatability of stormwater with a coagulation/flocculation process. This includes the determination of operating conditions, the dominating coagulation mechanism and the reduction efficiency of stormwater related pollutants. The objectives of the thesis were achieved in laboratory tests treating stormwater in a jar-testing procedure. An initial screening of primary coagulants and flocculant aids was conducted using an urban snowmelt mixture. Five of the chemicals were then selected for an extended testing regime which was setup up to determine the operating conditions where maximal turbidity reduction was attained by measuring the pH, conductivity, alkalinity and zeta-potential over the tested doses for each coagulant. Criteria used for chemical selection included high turbidity reduction, low dose requirement and low pH/alkalinity impacts. Charge reversal was observed at positive zeta-potential indicating that the dominating coagulation mechanism was charge neutralization. The content of turbidity/total suspended solids, total organic carbon, total metals and hydrocarbons by >90%. Dissolved copper was reduced by 40% on average, and the reduction rates for dissolved zinc were varying with up to a 300% increase, presumably due to changes in pH, leading to a higher mobility. Changes in the particle size distribution after coagulation/flocculation as compared to sedimentation indicated an effect on the size fraction corresponding to smaller particles. The performance of the coagulation/flocculation process was also tested on road runoff collected from a central road in Luleå with a high traffic intensity. Two coagulants were tested, iron chloride and pre-hydrolyzed aluminum chloride. Reduction rates for the total metal fraction were >90% on average for both coagulants, but for the dissolved metal fractions differences could be observed between the coagulants with the iron chloride resulting in higher reductions for dissolved chrome (57% compared to 34%) and copper (47% compared to 30%). Both products increased the dissolved fractions of nickel and zinc due to lower final pH.
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Ferreira, Luciana Pallone Hespanholo. "Remoção da biomassa algal e determinação da concentração de microcistina pelo Método ELISA em ensaios de coagulação, sedimentação, filtração e adsorção." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-09062016-094459/.

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Nessa pesquisa são relatados os resultados da determinação das concentrações de microcistina e de biomassa algal após as várias etapas de tratamento de amostras de água coletadas junto ao reservatório de Barra Bonita-SP visando obtenção de água potável. O tratamento foi realizado em escala de laboratório com e sem aplicação de carvão ativado em pó (CAP) e as etapas foram: coagulação com aplicação de cloreto férrico, sedimentação, filtração em papel de filtro. Foi possível observar que a pré-clarificação desse tipo de água por coagulação seguida de sedimentação requereu dosagens relativamente elevadas de cloreto férrico (80 mg/L), tendo sido verificada eficiência muito baixa de remoção de microcistina nas etapas de tratamento por sedimentação seguida de filtração, quando não foi aplicado CAP. Apenas com a aplicação de CAP a microcistina foi reduzida à níveis que atendessem os padrões de potabilidade previstos na Portaria 518/04 (concentração menor que 1 μg/L). A determinação de microcistina pelo método que utiliza Imunoadsorventes Ligados à Enzima (ELISA) mostrou-se uma ferramenta útil e confiável para detectar e quantificar essa toxina, embora ainda apresente custo relativamente elevado.
This report presents the results of the quantification of microcystins and algae biomass concentrations after treatment of water samples taken from the Barra Bonita reservoir, for production of potable water. Bench-scale tests were carried out with and without powdered activated carbon (PAC) and the treatment processes used were: coagulation with ferric chloride (FeCl3), sedimentation and filtration with paper filter. It was determined that pre-clarification followed by sedimentation required substantial dosages of ferric chloride (80 mg/L). The removal of microcystins using sedimentation followed by filtration was ineffective without PAC. The use of PAC is required to produce water that meets current potability standards for microcystins removal as specified in Decree 518/04 (concentration less than 1 μg/L). Analysis of microcystins using the Enzime-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Method (ELISA) has proven to be an effective and reliable procedure to detect and quantify this toxin, although relatively expensive.
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Pavanelli, Gerson. "Eficiência de diferentes tipos de coagulantes na coagulação, floculação e sedimentação de água com cor ou turbidez elevada." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-21012003-084719/.

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A proposta deste trabalho foi utilizar quatro diferentes coagulantes - sulfato de alumínio, cloreto férrico, hidroxicloreto de aluminio e sulfato ferrico; construir os diagramas de coagulação; e assimilar as regiões de maior ou menor eficiência da remoção de turbidez ou da cor. Para permitir uma avaliação de custos na utilização dos coagulantes, observo-se nos diagramas as regiões onde os valores de turbidez remanescente são aproximadamente iguais para diferentes coagulantes. Com essa consideração, foi stabelecida a relação entre consumo e custo dos produtos quimícos utilizados. Os coagulantes que apresentaram particularidades para as águas estudadas foram: o cloreto ferrico que mostrou melhor desempenho para valores de ph baixos; o sulfato ferrico que mostrou-se mais economico; e o hidroxicloreto de aluminio que atua numa grande faixa de ph. Na conclusão dos estudos, verifica-se que cada água a ser tratada deve ser analisada através de diagramas de coagulação, visando a otimização dos parâmetros de ph versus dosagem e buscando o melhor coagulante pelo menor custo.
The purpose of this study was to use four different coagulants - aluminum sulphate, iron chloride, polyaluminum hidroxichloride and ferric sulphate; to build the coagulation diagrams; and to mark the regions of higher or lower efficiency in the removal of turbidity or color. To allow a cost appraisal in the use of the coagulants, the region where the values of remaining turbidity, which are approximately the same for different coagulants, was examined in the diagrams. This being taken into consideration, the relation between consumption and cost of the chemical products was established. The coagulants that presented certain peculiarities for the studied waters were: iron chloride, that showed better performance for low pH values; the ferric sulphate, that showed itself as more economical; and the polyaluminum hidroxichloride, that functions in a large interval of pH. In the conclusion of the study, it was observed that each type of water to be treated must be analyzed through coagulation diagrams, aiming at the optimization of pH parameters versus dosages and looking for the best coagulant with lower cost.
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Шуліка, Євгеній Олександрович. "Оцінка ефективності флокулянтів в процесах очищення зворотної води." Master's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2019. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/30710.

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Магістерська дисертація: стр.59, табл. 11, рис. 11, 88 першоджерел. Мета роботи: оцінка ефективності застосування катіонних та неіоногенних флокулянтів для освітлення стічних вод з високою каламутністю. Об’єкт дослідження: інтенсифікація процесів очищення стічних вод. Предмет дослідження: освітлення зворотної води гірничо-збагачувальних виробництв з допомогою флокулянтів В роботі представлено результати досліджень флокуляційної очистки водних суспензій, з вихідною каламутністю на рівні 5-7 г/дм3. Досліджено основні фізико-хімічні характеристики вихідної води, які впливають на технологічні властивості флокулянтів: природа та гідравлічна крупність завислих речовин, їх концентрація, електрокінетичний потенціал, виконано розширений аналіз води за різними показниками.
Master's Thesis: p. 59, Table 11, fig.11, 88 primary sources. Purpose: to evaluate the efficiency of the use of cationic and nonionic flocculants for high-turbidity sewage treatment. Object of study: intensification of wastewater treatment processes. Subject of research: backwater illumination of mining and processing industries with the help of flocculants The results of studies of flocculation purification of aqueous suspensions with initial turbidity at 5-7 g / dm3 are presented in the paper. The basic physicochemical characteristics of the source water that influence the technological properties of flocculants are investigated: nature and hydraulic size of the suspended substances, their concentration, electrokinetic potential, advanced analysis of water according to various parameters is performed.
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Carvalho, Eraldo Henriques de. "Disposição de resíduos gerados nas estações de tratamento de água em estações de tratamento de esgoto com decantação primária." Universidade de São Paulo, 2000. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-13072018-091220/.

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No presente trabalho foram realizados estudos para verificar as interferências do lançamento de resíduos de Estações de Tratamento de Água nas Estações de Tratamento de Esgoto com decantação primária. A ETA estudada utilizava cloreto férrico como coagulante primário e possuía decantadores com descarga de fundo diária. As interferências nos decantadores primários da ETE foram simuladas por meio de testes de sedimentação e nos digestores de lodo, por meio de testes de tratabilidade anaeróbia. Testes e análises complementares também foram realizados para verificar eventuais interferências no tratamento biológico da fase líquida do esgoto e no tratamento físico da fase sólida do esgoto. Os resultados indicaram aumento na eficiência de sedimentação em conseqüência do aumento da quantidade e concentração do resíduo de ETA introduzido no esgoto. Obteve-se, por exemplo, um incremento de até 50% na remoção de sólidos suspensos e turbidez, 40% na de DQO e fosfatos e 30% na de nitrogênio. No entanto, obteve-se um maior volume de lodo primário, embora de menos concentrado. De acordo com os resultados dos testes de tratabilidade anaeróbia, os resíduos da ETA não foram tóxicos ao processo. Com relação ao tratamento biológico da fase líquida do esgoto e ao tratamento físico do lodo, não foram verificadas interferências significativas no desempenho dos mesmos, embora recomenda-se o desenvolvimento de pesquisas mais específicas, especialmente sobre o processo de adensamento. Pode-se concluir que resíduos similares aos gerados na ETA estudada poderão ser dispostos em ETEs com decantação primária, sem interferências prejudiciais no seu desempenho.
In the present work simulations studies were conducted to verify the impact of Water Treatment Plants (WTP) residuals on the performance of Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP). The WTP under investigation used ferric chloride as primary coagulant, was type Complete Cicle with sedimentation tanks with daily bottom discharge. The interferences in the primary sedimentation tanks were simulated using sedimentation tests, while the sludge digesters were simulated using anaerobic treatability tests. Complementary tests and analysis also were realized to verify eventual interferences in the wastewater biological treatment and in the physical treatment of the sludge. The results indicated an increment in the sedimentation eficiency caused by increasing the WTP residuals dose added into the wastewater. As WTP residuals was added at up to 225 mg dry weight solids per liter of wasterwater, the removal of solids, COD, phosphate and nitrogen, for example, increased in 50%. However, the primary tanks settled sludge volume increased considerably. According to the anaerobic treatability tests results, the WWP residuals had not toxical effects on the process, interfering positively on the methane production. Concerning the wastewater biological treatment and sludge physical treatment, no significant impacts on their performance were observed. Therefore, it can be concluded that conventional WWTP can receive similar WTP residuals as those of the WTP here studied without any negative impacts on their performance.
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Books on the topic "Sedimentation water treatment"

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Pivokonský, Martin, Kateřina Novotná, Lenka Čermáková, and Radim Petříček, eds. Jar Tests for Water Treatment Optimisation. IWA Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781789062694.

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Abstract The book is intended as a handbook providing detailed instructions for the correct conducting of jar tests, which are needed for the optimisation of the coagulation/flocculation process. It contains the essential theoretical background of coagulation/flocculation, including a description of the influence of different parameters on the coagulation efficiency of various impurities (e.g. pH value and type/dose of coagulant), and floc properties and their separation (e.g. mixing intensity, mixing time, but also type/concentration of coagulant and impurities). The principle of jar tests is explained and parameters possible to optimize (i.e. coagulation pH, coagulant dose, flocculation aid dose, mixing intensity and mixing time) are discussed. Laboratory equipment for jar tests is proposed, including mixers and instructions for calculating a mixing intensity (necessarily expressed by the global shear rate/velocity gradient G). Mixing intensities for various purposes are recommended. Detailed practical instructions of how to perform jar tests follow, including a determination of the dose of reagents for pH adjustment and coagulant dose, dosing sequence, floc separation after jar tests by sedimentation and/or centrifugation simulating sand filtration, sampling, measuring necessary parameters (pH, coagulant residuals, alkalinity, residual impurity concentrations etc.), data recording, data processing and jar test evaluation (with specific examples). The handbook also contains a supplementary part with tables for conversion of the molar to mass concentration (and vice versa) of coagulants, and instructions for diluting coagulants and reagents for pH adjustment. ISBN: 9781789062687 (paperback) ISBN: 9781789062694 (eBook) ISBN: 9781789062700 (ePUB)
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Book chapters on the topic "Sedimentation water treatment"

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Williams, Steve, Peter Pearce, and Phil Marsh. "Chemically Assisted Sedimentation in an Inclined Tube Clarifier." In Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment IV, 251–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61196-4_21.

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Edzwald, James K., Donald Q. Bunker, Jan Dahlquist, Lars Gillberg, and Torsten Hedberg. "Dissolved Air Flotation: Pretreatment and Comparisons to Sedimentation." In Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment III, 3–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79110-9_1.

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Zeghal, Slim, Jean Philippe Subra, Patrick Sauvegrain, and Christian Vignoles. "Chemicals Addition Control for Phosphorus Removal in Primary Sedimentation Tanks." In Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment IV, 147–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61196-4_13.

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"SEDIMENTATION." In Water and Wastewater Treatment, 95–98. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420031799-12.

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"Sedimentation." In Water and Wastewater Treatment, 79–82. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420031799.ch7.

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"Sedimentation." In Water Treatment Unit Processes, 187–248. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315276052-15.

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"Sedimentation." In Water and Wastewater Treatment, 95–98. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b12354-9.

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"PRIMARY SEDIMENTATION." In Water and Wastewater Treatment, 185–90. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420031799-22.

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"SECONDARY SEDIMENTATION." In Water and Wastewater Treatment, 211–14. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420031799-24.

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"Primary Sedimentation." In Water and Wastewater Treatment, 169–73. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420031799.ch16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sedimentation water treatment"

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Li, Haipeng. "Experiment on Sedimentation Property of Water Waste in Water Treatment Plants of Zhongyin." In 2017 5th International Conference on Mechatronics, Materials, Chemistry and Computer Engineering (ICMMCCE 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmmcce-17.2017.44.

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Heping Wang and Liang Liu. "Study on micro-polluted raw water treatment by rectangular biological sedimentation tanks." In 2011 Second International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2011.5987751.

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Cheng, Lihua, Xuejun Bi, Changqing Liu, Yue Qi, and Wei Zhu. "Oilfield Produced Water Treatment by Combination of Coarse Graining and Inclined Plates Sedimentation." In 2009 International Conference on Energy and Environment Technology. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceet.2009.392.

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Zajdela, B., A. Hribernik, and M. Hribersek. "Experimental investigations of sedimentation of flocs in suspensions of biological water treatment plants." In MULTIPHASE FLOW 2007. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/mpf070281.

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Tan, Kor Yin, Chong Leh Ong, Lee Muei Chng, Jit Kang Lim, Derek Juinn Chieh Chan, and Pey Yi Toh. "Fishpond water treatment: Removal of microalgae from fishpond wastewater through embedding-flocculation and sedimentation." In INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGY (ISGST2019). AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5126542.

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Kim, Eun-Sik, Yang Liu, and Mohamed Gamal El-Din. "The Coagulation-Flocculation-Sedimentation Treatment of Oil Sands Process-Affected Water for High Pressurized Membrane Filtrations." In Environmental Management and Engineering / Unconventional Oil. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2011.731-018.

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Hou, Yukun, Ya Kang, Tao Li, and Yanbin Meng. "Treatment of Polluted Surface Water from Yellow River (China) with High-Density Sedimentation Tank and Ultra Filtration: Pilot Scale Studies." In 2009 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2009.5163713.

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Ahmad Zaki Hamidi, Eki, Mufid Ridlo Effendi, and Hasbi Ash Shiddiq. "Design and Implementation Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) of Sedimentation Process of Water Treatment Plant (WTP) by Using Raspberry PI 3 B." In 2018 4th International Conference on Wireless and Telematics (ICWT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icwt.2018.8527736.

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Fehrmann, Henning. "Westinghouse Modular Grinding Process: Improvement for Follow on Processes." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96132.

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In nuclear power plants (NPP) ion exchange (IX) resins are used in several systems for water treatment. The resins can be in bead or powdered form. For waste treatment of spent IX resins, two methods are basically used: • Direct immobilization (e.g. with cement, bitumen, polymer or High Integrity Container (HIC)) • Thermal treatment (e.g. drying, oxidation or pyrolysis) Bead resins have some properties (e.g. particle size and density) that can have negative impacts on following waste treatment processes. Negative impacts could be: • Floatation of bead resins in cementation process • Sedimentation in pipeline during transportation • Poor compaction properties for Hot Resin Supercompaction (HRSC) Reducing the particle size of the bead resins can have beneficial effects enhancing further treatment processes and overcoming prior mentioned effects. Westinghouse Electric Company has developed a modular grinding process to crush/grind the bead resins. This modular process is designed for flexible use and enables a selective adjustment of particle size to tailor the grinding system to the customer needs. The system can be equipped with a crusher integrated in the process tank and if necessary a colloid mill. The crusher reduces the bead resins particle size and converts the bead resins to a pump able suspension with lower sedimentation properties. With the colloid mill the resins can be ground to a powder. Compared to existing grinding systems this equipment is designed to minimize radiation exposure of the worker during operation and maintenance. Using the crushed and/or ground bead resins has several beneficial effects like facilitating cementation process and recipe development, enhancing oxidation of resins, improving the Hot Resin Supercompaction volume reduction performance.
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Chirila, Laura, Alina Popescu, Sabina Olaru, Angela Danila, Rodica Roxana Constantinescu, and Andreea Tigau. "Bioactive textiles obtained by applying cinnamon essential oil-based emulsions." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.i.5.

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In order to obtain biomaterials with potential use in the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions, this experimental study approached the immobilization on knitted fabric, made of 100% organic cotton, of oil-in-water emulsions type, based on xanthan-propolis-cinnamon essential oil, in certain formulations. For this purpose, seven experimental variants of emulsions were prepared and characterized, by specific methods, from physical-chemical and stability point of view. The functionalized textile materials were also characterized from morphological and antibacterial activity view point. The stability index, determined after 10 days, indicated that the emulsions are stable, without showing the presence of one of the flocculation, creaming / sedimentation, coalescence or Ostwald ripening phenomena. The lowest value of the turbidity was obtained for the experimental variant containing the lowest amount of essential oil and propolis. For the same variant, the highest value of viscosity was obtained, in which 0,363 mL water /mL emulsion and 0,5 mL xanthan/mL emulsion volume fraction was used. The textile materials treated with the synthesized emulsions based on xanthan-propolis-cinnamon essential oil shows antibacterial effect against S. aureus and E. coli test strains
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