Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sédimentation (géologie) – Tertiaire (ère géologique)'
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García, Marcelo. "Évolution oligo-néogène de l'Altiplano occidental (arc et avant-arc du Nord du Chili, Arica) : tectonique, volcanisme, sédimentation, géomorphologie et bilan érosion-sédimentation." Grenoble 1, 2001. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00546057.
Full textThe oligo-neogene geodynamic evolution of Altiplano, at the latitude od "Codo de Arica", is characterised by an important compressive defonnation and volcanism. In the eastern part of the chain (Bolivia), the shortening is weIl documented (190-280 km), and it explain a very thick crust (65 km). However, in the western part, the geological history is not weIl known and in part controversial. The study of the Arica region, on three regional transects (to scale 1:50. 000), permit to propose a representative model for the geodynamic evolution of the western Altiplano. The Oligocene (-35-26 Ma) is characterised by fluvial sedimentation, recorded in the deeper part of the Central Depression. The deposits, up to 500 m thickness, cover a topographically smooth regional unconformity. They are polymictic and provene from the East, from the erosion of a proto-Cordillera Occidental. They are cut by subvertical west-vergent faults. The Late Oligocene-Early Miocene (26-19 Ma) is a period of intense effusive and explosive volcanism. To the East (Cordillera Occidental), the volcanic arc is represented by a maximum of 2. 500 m of andesites, dacites and rhyolitic ignimbrites, with alluvial and Iacustrine intercalations. This arc, very actif, was asociated to formation of collapse calderas. To the West (Precordillera and Central Depression), the fore-arc deposits are represented by up to 1. 000m of rhyolitic ignimbrites (extra-caldera), with fluvial and lacustrine intercalations. In the Coastal Cordillera, oligo-miocene alluvial sedimentation is recorded in restricted bassins (<200 m thickness). Throughout this cycle, no evidence has been found for important tectonic compressive activity, except in a gentle folding in the Cordillera Occidental. The Neogene (--18-0Ma) is characterised by a andesite-dacitic volcanism, mainly effusif, developed in the Cordillera Occidental with a modest volume respect to the previous period. This volcanism was coeval of restricted fluvial syntectonic sedimentation. The deformation is represented by a west-vergent thrusts and folds system, involving the basement, and with a minimum shortening estimate to he 7 km. This deformation developed essentially in the west part of the Cordillera Occidental, between 18 and 5 Ma with Plio-Quaternary little reactivations. This implies a velocity of horizontal shortening, during Neogene, close to 0,54 km/Ma. In the Central Depression, during Miocene, fluvial and lacustrine sedimentation is represented by a maximum of 350 m of volcanoclastic deposits, which provene from the East. Close 12 Ma, the fluvial sedimentation ceased and a regional pedimentation surface developed. Afetr it, the fore-arc was afected by strong incision (down to 1. 000 m) concentrated in a few valleys. The event would he associated to a regional climatic change, which have induced the desiccation of Atacama, coeval with an eustatic descent (maximum of 200 m). During Late Miocene-Quaternary, however, the incision is not only explain by exogene phenoma. Therefore, un major uplift (--800 m) of the fore-arc is infered. The uplift and marine abrasion have generated an abrupt coastal cliff, and in the incised valleys produced important ground-mass collapses. The coeval deformation ofthe fore-arc is located at the fault and gentle tlexure-folds associated to the blind propagation of the subvertical faults, which induce important vertical displacement (up to 850 m) and negligeable shortening (up to 100 m). The uplift of the Precordillera produced between 12 and 10 Ma, and it has been followed by a giant gravitational collapse. The Oligo-Neogene volcanic rocks ofArica are high-potassium calc-alkaline, and its composition do not vary significantly with time. However, we note an increasing enrichment of lithophiles elements, a more important participation of gamet as residual phase in the lower crust, and a relative decreasing ofthe partial fusion rate in the mantle source. On the other hand, the structural evolution and the erosion-sedimentation balance show that the Cordillera Occidental of Arica region bas been uplif and exposed to erosion since Eocene. In the considered period (Oligo-Neogene), the crustal thickning of the western Altiplano was slow respect to the eastern Altiplano and not only associated to the tectonic processus
Rochat, Philippe. "Structures et cinématique de l'Altiplano nord-bolivien au sein des Andes centrales." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00518070.
Full textPouderoux, Hugo. "Sédimentation gravitaire et paléosismicité d’une marge active : exemple de la marge en subduction Hikurangi en Nouvelle-Zélande." Rennes 1, 2011. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00755471.
Full textEarthquakes are known to trigger gravity flows and turbidites along continental margins. These deposits provide meaningful tools to establish long-term paleo-earthquake records. The detailed analysis of a series of sediment cores, collected strategically in three distinct sedimentary basins along the Hikurangi subduction margin of New Zealand, allows the characterisation of gravity flow sedimentation since 18,000 years, as well as the identification of the controlling parameters and the triggering mechanisms of turbidites. The sedimentary record is comprised of alternating lithofacies and depositional modes, namely hemipelagite (marine sedimentation), turbidites (turbidity currents), debrites (debris flows), and tephra (ash fall), which are controlled by margin morphology and glacio-eustatic fluctuations. Floods, volcanic eruptions and slope failures are the three triggering mechanisms of turbidites along the margin. More than 90% of them are triggered by slope failures from the upper slope (150-1,200 m deep) consecutively to earthquakes. The adaptation of empirical relationships to evaluate slope stability suggests that these turbidites are the sedimentary record of repetitive ruptures of three active faults, including the plate interface, and correspond to Mw≥7. 3 earthquakes occurring with a return time of 150±50 years. Amongst theses turbidites, 20 show a synchronicity of trigger across the entire margin and are more voluminous. They correspond to ruptures on the plate interface, which generate Mw7. 5-8. 4 earthquakes. Return times show a clustering of interface earthquakes with alternating active periods of low return time (305-610 years) and quiescence periods of high return time (1480-2650 years). Integrated to ongoing simulations, this earthquake calendar would provide new constraints to ascertain the seismic hazard
Jevelaud, Olivier. "La sédimentation du plateau continental de la Colombie caraïbe au cours du Quaternaire terminal." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR10666.
Full textArbouille, Didier. "La sédimentation de la plate-forme continentale Nord-Aquitaine au Quaternaire terminal : un exemple de système transgressif." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR10564.
Full textPierson, d'Autrey Laurent. "Sédimentation et structuration synsédimentaire dans le bassin néogène d'Alcoy (Cordillères bétiques externes orientales, Espagne)." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112061.
Full textThis thesis offers an analysis of sedimentary neogene and quaternary sequences and tectonic and tectono-sedimentary process, which allow to outline the dynamic evolution of the alcoy basin. The area, which has been studied, belongs to the internal Prebetic part of the external betic Cordillera. Since the Aquitanian, the area has been submited to a marine sedimentary regime. But, it is from the lower Burdigalien that a period of a N 130-N 140 shortening is the reason of the individualism of the basin. Bigs cavings, checked by NW-SE faults, slice old folds betic direction of which is WSWENE. At the end of the transgressive upper Burdigalian sedimentation, the basin is subjected again to a shortening, direction of which is sub-meridian, which brings up a re-mobilization of the old folds, with a deepening of sedimentary environment. After, during the Langhian, a N 130-N 140 shortening is the cause of a tectonic instability, which appears by many gravitary phenomena and a synclinal strain of the Baradello trench, checked up by a reverse move with a small left strikeslip of the N 50 Alcoy fault. The stop of stains, which is shown by a discordance of the Serravallian deposits over the Langhian deposits, is the reason, during this period, of a transgression over all the emergent areas during the Langhian. The presence of a new discordance between the Serravallian and the lower Tortonian is the proof of a revival of the tectonic activity (shortening) and consequently of a warping margin, and of a decrease of the depht of the sedimentary environment. The final emersion of the marine basin takes place during the Tortonian with the erection of overthrusting and important structures and the resetting of old ground features, which give an indication of a sub-meridian shortening. After these tectonic events, a lake is appearing, gradualy filled up during the Messinian, because the subsidence is slowing down and because the flood plains progressing since the border rims are spreading out. The filling of the exundated basin does end during the Plio-Quaternary and the present digging by the drainage pattern makes clear a regional lift up
Long, Thierry. "Le quaternaire littoral du Rio Grande do Sul, témoin des quatre derniers épisodes eustatiques majeurs : géologie et évolution." Bordeaux 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR1A004.
Full textLong, Thierry. "Le quaternaire littoral du Rio Grande do Sul, témoin des quatre derniers épisodes eustatiques majeurs : géologie et évolution." Bordeaux 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR10640.
Full textFrouté, Jean-Yves. "Le rôle de l'accident d'Estella dans l'histoire géologique crétacé supérieur à miocène des bassins navarro-alavais (Espagne du Nord)." Pau, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PAUU3019.
Full textTorres, Escamez José. "Analyse détaillée du transfert de sédiment du continent vers le bassin : le quaternaire terminal au large du delta du Rhône (Méditerranée nord-occidentale)." Brest, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BRES2028.
Full textBaltzer, Agnès. "Dynamique sédimentaire des marges de nouvelle Ecosse et des entreés de la Manche au quaternaire." Brest, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BRES2027.
Full textBengo, Martin Darius. "La sédimentation pollinique dans le sud-Caméroun et sur la plateforme marine à l'époque actuelle et au Quaternaire récent : études des paléoenvironnements." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20280.
Full textKonik, Stéphane. "Les dépôts de pente du Périgord noir : distribution et mise en place : origine des matériaux et étapes de l'évolution des versants." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010666.
Full textFournier, François. "Evolution de l'édifice carbonaté du champ de gaz de Malampaya, Tertiaire, offshore Palawan, Philippines : implications pour la caractérisation du réservoir." Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX11025.
Full textThe Malampaya carbonate reservoir (Late Eocene to Early Miocene) is located offshore North-Palawan Island , Philippines. The integration of sedimentological, diagenetical, geochemical, micropalaeontological and stratigraphical analyses from subsurface data (cores, well-logs and high-resolution 3D seismic) allowed the reconstruction of the Malampaya carbonate build-up evolution at various time and space scales (parasequence and seismic sequence scales) and the identification of its controlling factors (carbonate producers, eustacy, tectonics, climate and oceanography). The reservoir subdivision into metre-scale intervals is related to the development of high-frequency subaerially exposed cycles in the inner-shelf (time scale: 10-100ka). Decametre-scale diagenetic bodies developed in relation with low-frequency evolution of the carbonate system (time scale ~1-10Ma), mainly controlled by tectonic deformation
Chapron, Emmanuel. "Contrôles climatique et sismo-tectonique de la sédimentation lacustre dans l'Avant Pays Alpin (Lac du Bourget) durant le quaternaire récent." Phd thesis, Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-285.pdf.
Full textKöng, Eléonore. "La mer Ionienne : évolution de l'activité sédimentaire au cours des derniers 400 000 ans dans un système en contexte tectonique convergent et influence de la sédimentation sur les propriétés géoacoustiques des fonds." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0348/document.
Full textThe Ionian Sea is an active geodynamic area because of the convergence between theNubia and the Eurasia plate. It corresponds to the last stage of the Tethys ocean life. Therefore,the tectonics and the sedimentation are much reduced; and the low sedimentary supply enables torecord a multiplicity of sedimentary processes. Nevertheless, this area still poorly studied from asedimentary point of view, in particular on timescales on the order of hundred thousand years.This work is based on a sedimentological study of marine archives supplemented by acoustic data(bathymetry and multibeam imagery) recovered during oceanographic campaign leaded by theSHOM. The detailed sedimentary analysis of facies and sequences allows, at first, to established acalendar of the natural hazard (earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanism), their origins and theirdepositional processes into the basin over the last 330 000 years. Then, secondly, to reconstructthe evolution over the last 400 000 years of the circulation and the oxygenation of bottom waterthrough the Ionian basin and the influence of the strait of Sicily, in particular of the Malta Plateau,on the exchanges between the western and the eastern basins. The integration of thesedimentological data in a geoacoustic modelling developed by the SHOM finally allowed todetermine the impact of the sedimentary variability (special distribution, lithology, stratification)on the acoustic waves propagation for various frequency bands (300 Hz - 3000 Hz) and incidentangle (0 - 90°) and to established a mapping of the sedimentary answer of the acoustic signal
Clerc, Sylvain. "Modèles de dépôt sous-glaciaires et dynamique de remplissage des vallées tunnel : exemple au Quaternaire (Bray, Irlande) et application à l'Ordovicien supérieur de l'Anti-Atlas (Alnif, Maroc)." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00837691.
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