Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sedimentary rocks – Indiana

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Academic literature on the topic 'Sedimentary rocks – Indiana'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Sedimentary rocks – Indiana"

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Thomka, James R., Thomas E. Bantel, and Marissa J. Tomin. "Unusual preservation of the trace fossil Conostichus in middle Silurian carbonate facies of Indiana, USA." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 53, no. 8 (August 2016): 802–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2015-0198.

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The long-ranging, plug-shaped ichnofossil Conostichus, attributed to solitary polypoid cnidarians, is most commonly described in the Paleozoic from fine-grained siliciclastic sediments, with few descriptions from carbonate settings. The few described examples of putative Conostichus preserved in carbonate sedimentary rocks of Paleozoic age are essentially conical masses lacking recognizable external radial or longitudinal structures. Herein, we describe the occurrence of well-preserved examples of this ichnogenus within middle Silurian (Wenlock: Sheinwoodian) carbonate sedimentary rocks of the Massie Formation from southeastern Indiana, USA. These specimens represent isolated apical discs of Conostichus with prominent radiating physal impressions displaying duodecimal symmetry. Interestingly, well-preserved specimens co-occur with relatively poorly preserved (“typical carbonate”) specimens. The factors responsible for this unusual taphonomic state are unclear, but the most likely explanation is that exceptionally preserved specimens represent burrows that were somehow infilled, at least in their apical terminations, with fine-grained carbonate sediment, enhancing preservational fidelity. In contrast, other burrows had their apical regions passively filled with larger carbonate particles that could not preserve fine details. This occurrence indicates that early Paleozoic carbonate sediments are capable of preserving Conostichus, and potentially other ichnofossils, in similar modes to later Paleozoic siliciclastic deposits.
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Sexton, John L., L. W. Braile, W. J. Hinze, and M. J. Campbell. "Seismic reflection profiling studies of a buried Precambrian rift beneath the Wabash Valley fault zone." GEOPHYSICS 51, no. 3 (March 1986): 640–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442118.

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Sixty‐eight kilometers of 12-fold seismic reflection data were collected in the Wabash River Valley of southwestern Indiana and southeastern Illinois to investigate the configuration of a basement structure inferred from regional gravity and magnetic anomaly data. The seismic profiles were also positioned to cross faults of the Wabash Valley fault system in a number of locations. Interpretation of the seismic reflection profiles and detailed gravity and magnetic profile data provides evidence for a series of northeasterly trending grabens in the basement. These grabens are filled with pre‐Mt. Simon layered rocks and are overlain by Paleozoic sedimentary rocks of the Illinois basin. Beneath the Wabash River near Grayville, Illinois, an interpreted graben (the Grayville graben) is approximately 15 km wide and contains about 3 km of fill. Individual boundary faults for the graben cut prominent reflectors within pre‐Mt. Simon rocks and display offsets of up to 500 m. The interpreted configuration of basement faults and thickness of pre‐Mt. Simon layered rocks provide evidence of a late Precambrian rift inferred to be one arm of the New Madrid rift complex. Post‐Pennsylvanian faulting of the Wabash Valley fault system is visible on the seismic reflection record sections as small offsets (less than 100 m) on steeply dipping normal faults. The downward projection of these faults intersects the older large‐offset faults within the pre‐Mt. Simon rocks suggesting that the Wabash Valley faults represent a post‐Pennsylvanian reactivation of the rift system.
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Kassab, Christine M., Samantha L. Brickles, Kathy J. Licht, and G. William Monaghan. "Exploring the use of zircon geochronology as an indicator of Laurentide Ice Sheet till provenance, Indiana, USA." Quaternary Research 88, no. 3 (September 20, 2017): 525–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2017.71.

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AbstractA pilot study was designed to evaluate the potential of zircon geochronology as a provenance indicator of till from the Lake Michigan, Saginaw, and Huron-Erie Lobes of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Based on existing ice flow-path models, we hypothesized that till from each lobe would have different zircon age population distributions because the lobes originated from regions of the Canadian Shield with different bedrock ages. After correcting for zircon fertility, the majority of grains in all till samples are 1600–950 Ma, with ~30 % of ages >2500 Ma. This similarity means that till from the three lobes cannot be clearly differentiated based on their zircon populations. The dominant ages found and the homogeneity of distributions in the till indicates a non-Shield source and, instead, reflect an origin from some combination of underlying till and sedimentary bedrock in the Great Lakes region. Even though the datasets are small, the tills have similarities to zircon distributions in Michigan Basin rocks. This implies that a substantial fraction of zircon in till was not transported long distances from the Canadian Shield. Although zircon ages are not distinct between tills, the method provides a novel application to understand Laurentide Ice Sheet glacial erosion and transport.
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Saja, David B., and Joseph T. Hannibal. "Quarrying History and Use of the Buena Vista Freestone, South-Central Ohio: Understanding the 19th Century Industrial Development of a Geological Resource." Ohio Journal of Science 117, no. 2 (June 29, 2017): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18061/ojs.v117i2.5498.

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The Buena Vista Member of the Mississippian Cuyahoga Formation is an economically valuable freestone that is homogeneous with almost no sedimentary structures. The Buena Vista was one of the earliest clastic rocks quarried in Ohio. Early quarries dating at least back to 1814 were located in the hills on the north bank of the Ohio River near the village of Buena Vista, south-central Ohio. By the 1830s, quarries had also opened up along the route of the Ohio & Erie Canal in the Portsmouth area to the east; followed by quarries that opened along a railway line that ran north up the Scioto River valley. Waterways transported the Buena Vista to many cities and towns, including Cincinnati, Ohio, Louisville, Kentucky, and Evansville, Indiana, on the Ohio River, New Orleans on the Mississippi River, and Dayton and Columbus on the Ohio canal system. Later railways transported this stone further afield to Illinois, Wisconsin, and Alberta. Census reports, industry magazines, and other historical accounts document the use of this stone across much of the eastern US and into Canada. Historically, it has been used for a variety of items, including entire buildings, canal structures, fence posts, and laundry tubs. Some 19th-century structures built with this stone remain in cities where it was once commonly used. Literature reviews, field observations, and lab analyses are here compiled as a useful reference to both the urban and field geologist in the identification of the Buena Vista Member, a historically important building stone, in buildings and outcrops, respectively.
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Xu, Hengchao, Xiaotong Peng, Shun Chen, Jiwei Li, Shamik Dasgupta, Kaiwen Ta, and Mengran Du. "Macrofaunal burrowing enhances deep-sea carbonate lithification on the Southwest Indian Ridge." Biogeosciences 15, no. 21 (October 30, 2018): 6387–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6387-2018.

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Abstract. Deep-sea carbonates represent an important type of sedimentary rock due to their effect on the composition of the upper oceanic crust and their contribution to deep-sea geochemical cycles. However, the role of deep-sea macrofauna in carbonate lithification remains poorly understood. A large lithified carbonate area, characterized by thriving benthic faunas and a tremendous amount of burrows, was discovered in 2008, blanketing the seafloor of the ultraslowly spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR). Benthic inhabitants – including echinoids, polychaetes, gastropods and crustaceans – are abundant in this carbonate lithified area. The burrowing features within these carbonate rocks, as well as the factors that may influence deep-sea carbonate lithification, were examined. We suggest that burrowing in these carbonate rocks enhances deep-sea carbonate lithification. We propose that active bioturbation may trigger the dissolution of the original calcite and thus accelerate deep-sea carbonate lithification on mid-ocean ridges. Macrofaunal burrowing provides a novel driving force for deep-sea carbonate lithification at the seafloor, illuminating the geological and biological importance of bioturbation in global deep-sea carbonate rocks.
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Shukla, Shradha. "Provenance Characterization and Palaeoenvironmental Analysis of the Meta-Sedimentary Rocks of Sonaghati Formation, Betul District, Madhya Pradesh Using Geochemical Approach." Journal of The Indian Association of Sedimentologists 38, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 75–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.51710/jias.v38i1.181.

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Betul belt, ENE-WSW trending, 135 km long, prominent litho-tectonic unit exposed in the central part of Central Indian Tectonic Zone (CITZ) is composed of meta-sedimentary & meta-volcanic rocks intruded by mafic-ultramafic and granitic suite of rocks, belonging to Palaeoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic age. This belt is traversed by several ENE-WSW trending, sub-vertical ductite shear zones. The meta-sedimentary rocks of Sonaghati Formation were geochemically characterized and their geochemical composition was interpreted for provenance characterization and paleo-environmental assessment. The weathering indices including Chemical index of Alteration, Chemical index of Weathering, Plagioclase Index of Alteration and Weathering Index of Parker indicate that theses meta-sedimentary rocks have witnessed the substantial amount of weathering at the source without any evidence of potash metasomatism. The Bivariate plots using the major and trace element composition show co-linear trends, which reflect that all these samples belong to co-genetic population and the visible compositional variation could be attributed to chemical, mineralogical and textural maturity. The Sonaghati metasedimentary rocks are enriched in REE with negative Eu anomaly. The LREE enrichment varies from 122 to 174 times and that of the HREE enrichment ranges from 12 to 31 times of Chondrite indicating highly varied protoliths. The provenance characterization was attempted using the large ion lithophile elements and high field strength elements. The results show that the precursor for these meta-sedimentary litho-units are mixed source with the major contributor being felsic to intermediate and minor contribution has come from the mafic end members. These meta-sedimentary rocks were deposited in the overall semi arid climate with a sequential transition, suggesting the variable climatic conditions ranging from semi-arid to arid. The Cu/Zn, V/Cr ratios, and presence of pyrites dissemination and stringers eventually indicate the prevalence of reducing environmental conditions during the deposition of these meta-sediments.
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Zagorevski, A., and V. McNicoll. "Evidence for seamount accretion to a peri-Laurentian arc during closure of Iapetus 1This article is one of a series of papers published in CJES Special Issue: In honour of Ward Neale on the theme of Appalachian and Grenvillian geology.2 Geological Survey of Canada Contribution 20100465." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 49, no. 1 (January 2012): 147–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e11-016.

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The Red Indian Line is the fundamental Iapetus suture zone in the Newfoundland Appalchians along which the main tract of the Iapetus Ocean was consumed. Despite being the site of the closure of a wide ocean, few vestiges of the Iapetus plate have been accreted along Red Indian Line. Ordovician rocks in the Notre Dame Bay area preserve the only evidence for accretion of a seamount in Newfoundland. The seamount is characterized by alkali basalt and hypabyssal rocks that are juxtaposed with Darriwilian peri-Laurentian volcanic arc rocks (466 ± 4 and 467 ± 4 Ma) along a major mylonite zone. The mylonite zone lacks sedimentary rocks suggesting that the seamount was accreted to the arc along a sediment-starved interface and that significant subduction erosion took place along the Laurentian margin. Identification of subduction erosion indicates that an accretionary prism did not exist outboard of Laurentia in Newfoundland, in contrast to the well developed accretionary prisms of the Caledonides.
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Jnawali, Bharat Mani. "Tectonic setting of the Nepal Himalaya and its potential for hydrocarbon exploration." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 39 (September 25, 2009): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v39i0.31490.

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Nepal lies at the collision zone between the Indian subcontinent and the Tibetan Plateau of the Eurasian continent. It is made up of enormous tectonic stacking of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks with granite intrusions that resulted from the collision and under-plating of the Indian Craton with the Lhasa block of Tibet. The five major tectonic zones separated from each other by thrust contacts from south to north are the Terai, Siwalik or Sub Himalaya, Lesser Himalaya, Higher Himalaya and Tibetan Tethys. On the northern margin of the Indian subcontinent, foreland sedimentary basins began to develop immediately after the terminal collision between the northward drifting Indian Plate and relatively passive Eurasian Plate in Late Eocene time. The southern part of Nepal known as the Terai and Siwalik foothill, lies in the northern margin of the Ganga Basin and Purnea Basin that extend from India. Such basins with thick accumulation of sediments are considered as the potential area for petroleum exploration. Regional scale seismic reflection, gravity and magnetic data combined with surface mapping and basin analysis have established the subsurface framework of southern Nepal. Geological settings potential for hydrocarbon prospects recognized in Nepal include structural traps related to normal faulting involving pre-Siwalik formation and thrusting involving Siwaliks, structural traps associated with frontal blind thrusts, anticlines and thrust-faults, basement controlled structures and stratigraphic pinchouts. Drilling data consists of only one well drilled in the eastern part of Nepal. Oil and gas seeps have been observed in Dailekh area emanating through deep faults. Geochemical analyses of these seep samples indicate that these oil and gas have geologic origin from mature source rocks. Various outcrop samples from different parts of the country have been found rich in organic carbon. Source-rock maturity basin modeling constructed for various sections indicates that the level of thermal maturity is within oil and gas generating window. The Potwar Basin to the west in Pakistan and Assam Basin to the east in India having similar geologic setting to that of Nepal are producing oil and gas for a long time. In the Indo-Gangetic Plain across the border on Indian side, many deep wells have recorded the presence of gas and high content of organic carbon. Assessment of the available data acquired so far indicate that there is a fairly good possibility of discovering petroleum resource in Nepal.
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Levchenko, O. V., Yu G. Marinova, M. V. Portnyagin, R. Werner, and L. I. Lobkovsky. "New data on geology of the Osborn Knoll, Indian ocean." Доклады Академии наук 489, no. 6 (December 23, 2019): 631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-56524896631-636.

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The Osborne Plateau is a large intraplate elevation in the eastern part of the Indian Ocean, which has been poorly studied by geological and geophysical methods. In cruise SO258/1 on RV Sonne, were collected new data with Parasound seismic profiling and multi-beam echo sounder survey. Fractures in the sedimentary cover, which extend to the bottom surface, indicate on high neotectonic activity in the area of the Osborne Plateau. It can continue up to the present, as well as in the adjacent segment of the Ninetyeast Ridge, where strong earthquakes are recorded. Two reflectors in the upper part of the sedimentary cover mark global regressive changes in the World Ocean level at the boundary of the Miocene / Pliocene and Pliocene / Pleistocene. The reflector in the sediments at the boundary of the Lower / Upper Pliocene is associated with a change in the regional hydrodynamic regime at the time in the eastern Indian Ocean. The rocks dragged on the Osborn Knoll are identical to volcanic rocks of the Ninetyeast Ridge, confirming their assumed genetic similarity, but they are more identical to basalts of the Kerguelen plateau. Extremely modified vitroclastic tuffs appear to have been formed as a result of explosive volcanic eruptions of alkaline basalts or foidites in subaeral or relatively shallow water conditions and represent the most recent eruption in the region.
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Treloar, Peter J., Richard M. Palin, and Michael P. Searle. "Towards resolving the metamorphic enigma of the Indian Plate in the NW Himalaya of Pakistan." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 483, no. 1 (2019): 255–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp483-2019-22.

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AbstractThe Pakistan part of the Himalaya has major differences in tectonic evolution compared with the main Himalayan range to the east of the Nanga Parbat syntaxis. There is no equivalent of the Tethyan Himalaya sedimentary sequence south of the Indus–Tsangpo suture zone, no equivalent of the Main Central Thrust, and no Miocene metamorphism and leucogranite emplacement. The Kohistan Arc was thrust southward onto the leading edge of continental India. All rocks exposed to the south of the arc in the footwall of the Main Mantle Thrust preserve metamorphic histories. However, these do not all record Cenozoic metamorphism. Basement rocks record Paleo-Proterozoic metamorphism with no Cenozoic heating; Neo-Proterozoic through Cambrian sediments record Ordovician ages for peak kyanite and sillimanite grade metamorphism, although Ar–Ar data indicate a Cenozoic thermal imprint which did not reset the peak metamorphic assemblages. The only rocks that clearly record Cenozoic metamorphism are Upper Paleozoic through Mesozoic cover sediments. Thermobarometric data suggest burial of these rocks along a clockwise pressure–temperature path to pressure–temperature conditions of c. 10–11 kbar and c. 700°C. Resolving this enigma is challenging but implies downward heating into the Indian plate, coupled with later development of unconformity parallel shear zones that detach Upper Paleozoic–Cenozoic cover rocks from Neoproterozoic to Paleozoic basement rocks and also detach those rocks from the Paleoproterozoic basement.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sedimentary rocks – Indiana"

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Keene, David G. "An analysis of fracture systems, lithologic character and kinematic history of Paleozoic rock formations in a portion of southeastern Indiana." Virtual Press, 1989. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/722793.

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This is an analysis of fractures occurring within the Paloezoic sedimentary rocks in a portion of southeastern Indiana. Fifteen hundred seventy-two fractures were used in analysis of distribution, orientation, pervasiveness, persistence, and intensity. The data collected is representative of eight counties and seventeen different collection sites.All fracture data were given an associated numerical value identifying each variable used for analysis and recorded into computer data files. A computer program was used for statistical analysis and construction of equal area nets which graphically displayed the distribution of variables. The compilation of the fracture data allowed for close interpretative analyses of variables and correlation of the orientation and distribution of the fractures within the study area.This study revealed that two orthogonal fracture systems exist in southeastern Indiana. The fracture set containing the largest percentage of those measured is oriented N11W with its compliment oriented N73W. The orientation of the second largest fracture set is N8E with its compliment oriented N82°W.The effects of the tectonic history as well as contemporary stress on the area are discussed relative to their effects on the overall distribution of fracture sets.Evidence is presented to substantiate a reactivation of the Cincinnati Arch as indicated in the Devonian-Mississippian lithologic units from data collected in the southeastern portion of the study area. Fracture data correlating to these units displays a rotation of the major fracture set maxima 90w. This data is supported by radiometric dates from the Belfast member of the Brassfield Limestone in which Laskouski, et.al., correlated a reactivation of the arch.Also within this study are lithologic descriptions of all the Paleozoic formations used for data collection. These descriptions were developed over a three year period from extensive field observation.A map of the study area is presented displaying the distribution and orientation of the fractures recorded at each data collection site.
Department of Geology
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Razafimbelo, Eugène. "Le bassin de morondava (madagascar) : synthese geologique et structurale." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13184.

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La synthese des donnees geologiques et structurales du bassin de morondava conduit a modifier la nomenclature stratigraphique des formations sedimentaires du type "karroo". Dans le bassin, le controle tectonique de la sedimentation est realise par un jeu complexe mais permanent de failles en faisceaux denses. La fracturation continentale a permis la mise en place de roches effusives basaltes et gabbros, puis roches granito-syenitiques. L'epaisseur et la nature des formations sedimentaires du bassin de morondava sont propices a la naissance de gisements d'hydrocarbures
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Books on the topic "Sedimentary rocks – Indiana"

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R, Lang Harold, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (U.S.), and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Earth Science and Applications Division., eds. Report of the Workshop on Geologic Applications of Remote Sensing to the Study of Sedimentary Basins: Lakewood, Colorado, January 10-11, 1985. Pasadena, Calif: The Laboratory, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sedimentary rocks – Indiana"

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Searle, Mike. "Around the Bend: Nanga Parbat, Namche Barwa." In Colliding Continents. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199653003.003.0015.

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From the geological mapping, structural, and metamorphic investigations along the main Himalayan Range from Zanskar in the west through the Himachal Pradesh and Kumaon regions of India and along the whole of Nepal to Sikkim, a similar story was emerging. The overall structure and distribution of metamorphic rocks and granites was remarkably similar from one geological profile to the next. The Lesser Himalaya, above the Main Boundary Thrust was composed of generally older sedimentary and igneous rocks, unaffected by the young Tertiary metamorphism. Travelling north towards the high peaks, the inverted metamorphism along the Main Central Thrust marked the lower boundary of the Tertiary metamorphic rocks formed as a result of the India–Asia collision. The large Himalayan granites, many forming the highest peaks, lay towards the upper boundary of the ‘Greater Himalayan sequence’. North of this, the sedimentary rocks of the Tethyan Himalaya crop out above the low-angle normal fault, the South Tibetan Detachment. The northern ranges of the Himalaya comprise the sedimentary rocks of the northern margin of India. The two corner regions of the Himalaya, however, appeared to be somewhat different. The Indian plate has two major syntaxes, where the structural grain of the mountains swings around through ninety degrees: the western syntaxis, centred on the mountain of Nanga Parbat in Pakistan, and the eastern syntaxis, centred on the mountain of Namche Barwa in south-east Tibet. Nanga Parbat (8,125 m) is a huge mountain massif at the north-western end of the great Himalayan chain. It is most prominent seen from the Indus Valley and the hills of Kohistan to the west, where it seems to stand in glorious isolation, ringed by the deep gorges carved by the Indus and Astor Rivers, before the great wall of snowy peaks forming the Karakoram to the north.
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Searle, Mike. "Mapping the Geology of Everest and Makalu." In Colliding Continents. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199653003.003.0013.

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There are few places in the world where a geologist can actually take a look at the rocks and structures 5 or 6 kilometres down beneath the Earth’s surface. The opposing forces of nature—the uplift of rocks towards the Earth’s surface and their erosion and removal—usually balance each other out, at least roughly. It is only where the rate of uplift of rocks greatly exceeds erosion that high mountains are built. This is precisely why the Himalaya are so unique to geologists studying mountain-building processes. The Himalaya is an active mountain range: the plate convergence rates are high, uplift rates are extremely high, and glacial and fluvial erosion has carved deep channels in between the mountains. By walking and climbing all around Everest we can actually map and study the rocks in three dimensions, which elsewhere, beneath the Tibetan Plateau for example, remain buried below the Earth’s surface. After the Survey of India discovered that Mount Everest was the highest mountain in the world, a pioneering expedition set out to fly across the summit and take photographs. On 3 April 1933 a Houston-Weston biplane piloted by Lord Clydesdale flew across the summit and took the first photos of the mountain. Clydesdale wrote: ‘We were in a serious position. The great bulk of Everest was towering above us to the left, Makalu down-wind to the right and the connecting range dead ahead, with a hurricane wind doing its best to carry us over and dash us on the knife-edge side of Makalu.’ The earliest geologists to study the structure of Mount Everest, A. M. Heron and Noel Odell, both noted the apparent conformity of strata with sedimentary rocks on top of the mountain lying above the more metamorphosed rocks around the base In his 1965 paper on the structure of Everest, Lawrence Wager wrote: ‘It never ceases to surprise the writer that the highest point of the Earth’s surface is composed of sedimentary rocks which are relatively flat-lying and but little metamorphosed.’
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Maltman, Alex. "The Lay of the Land." In Vineyards, Rocks, and Soils. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190863289.003.0013.

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Every farmer knows that certain crops do better in particular fields, and every gardener knows that some plants grow better in certain spots in the garden. Grapevines are no different. The idea forms the basis of the concept of terroir, and in this and the following two chapters we will meet a number of factors, besides the minerals and rocks we have been talking about, that contribute to it. First, we consider the shape of the land surface. The weathering of rocks produces loose debris—sediment—which sooner or later will move, and this gives rise to erosion. The two processes usually work hand in hand though, strictly speaking, weathering happens in place, whereas erosion results from movement of the debris. We will look more closely at weathering in the next chapter, in the context of generating soil. Here we are concerned with erosion. It may involve sand particles being hurled at outcrops by high winds, or rivers loaded with particles grinding at the land to form a river channel. In some places, rock-charged ice may be gnawing away at the bedrock. Ultimately, the shape of the land surface is the result of how such processes interact with the solid bedrock. In other words, the interplay between erosion and bedrock determines the physical lay of vineyards. Plateaus are level upland areas. They can be formed in any kind of material: it’s the flat, table-like form that defines them. For instance, a vast area of the Deccan Plateau of central India, focus of a burgeoning wine industry, is made up of horizontal flows of basalt lava. The Colorado Plateau in the United States is formed largely of horizontal sedimentary strata. It has been deeply incised by rivers, in places leaving isolated blocks such as mesas and buttes (Figure 8.1; see Plate 18). Mesas have a larger summit area than buttes, compared to their heights. These bodies of rock have not been individually uplifted, as is sometimes claimed. They are remnant blocks, erosion having taken away the strata that were once around them.
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Conference papers on the topic "Sedimentary rocks – Indiana"

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Jimenez, Giovanny, John W. Geissman, John W. Geissman, Helbert García, and Helbert García. "PRELIMINARY PALEOMAGNETIC RESULTS FROM LOWER MESOZOIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS EXPOSED IN THE NORTHERN ANDES, COLOMBIA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-323883.

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Memesh, Abdulla M., Abdullah I. Nabhan, and Saleh M. Dini. "LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENT OF DEPOSITION OF THE MIDDLE CAMBRIAN SEDIMENTARY ROCKS IN NORTHWESTERN SAUDI ARABIA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-317388.

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Zhiyuan, Chen, and Song Yan. "LITHOFACIES CHARACTERISTICS AND HYDROCARBON DISTRIBUTION PATTERN IN LACUSTRINE FINE-GRAINED SEDIMENTARY ROCKS OF THE PERMIAN LUCAOGOU FORMATION FROM THE SANTANGHU BASIN." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-322307.

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Li, Dinghua. "ZIRCON U-PB GEOCHRONOLOGY, HF ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION AND GEOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE NEOPROTEROZOIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS IN THE WESTERN JIANGNAN OROGEN, SOUTH CHINA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-325056.

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Lynch, Erin, and Ben van der Pluijm. "ISOTOPIC ANALYSES OF CENTRAL APPALACHIAN CLAYS IN FOLDED SEDIMENTARY ROCKS OF PA, WV, AND MD REVEAL MIXING OF SURFACE AND DEEPLY-SOURCED FLUIDS AND MINERALIZATION DURING OROGENIC EXHUMATION." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-319240.

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Allen-King, Richelle M., Rory Dishman, and Rebecca L. Kiekhaefer. "FIELD TESTS YIELD DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS AND TRICHLOROETHENE (TCE) DEGRADATION RATES FOR A FRACTURED SEDIMENTARY ROCK AQUIFER." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-319658.

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Koepp, Donald Q., and Patrick Pease. "MODAL ANALYSIS OF SEDIMENTARY ROCK THROUGH HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING ANALYSIS: APPLICABILITY TO GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL/PALEOENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-321125.

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8

Edgett, Kenneth S. "A TWO-DECADE JOURNEY, LEARNING TO RECOGNIZE THAT MARS HAS A VAST AND ACCESSIBLE SEDIMENTARY ROCK RECORD." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-316799.

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Bhimpalli, Sarah, Ashok Shinde, Bayye L. Rao, Satya Perumalla, Anjana Panchakarla, Prajit Chakrabarti, and Sankhajit Saha. "Successful Implementation Of Geomechanics In Deep Water Setting: A Case Study From KG Offshore, India." In SPE/IADC Middle East Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/202146-ms.

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Abstract Geomechanics has an important role in assessing formation integrity during well construction and completion. It also has its effect when the wellbore is in production mode. Geomechanical study evaluate the impact of the present day in-situ stress and related mechanical processes on reservoir management. The study field ‘K' belongs to Plio-Pleistocene sequence of deep-water environment with hydrocarbon prospects. This belongs to Post-Rift tectonic stage of evolution with hydrocarbon occurring in structurally controlled traps. As a part of exploration activity, four offset oil wells were drilled earlier which were considered for the geomechanical model construction. Field (K) development plan comprising of six hydrocarbon producers and four water injectors was prepared. Considering the thick water column (300m-650m) in this deep water area of offshore and young unconsolidated sedimentary sequence in the sub-surface, expected pore-pressures can be high whereas the fracture gradient can be low. As a result, the safe drilling mud window can be narrow. Upon successful drilling of a well in such challenging environment without NPT (Non-Productive time), completing the well with best possible technologies suitable to the reservoir's mechanical behavior is utmost important for maximizing the production and minimizing the risk. To mitigate these problems in developing this field, an integrated reservoir geomechanics approach is adopted to optimize the drilling plan and reservoir completion parameters for the planned well. This paper covers the geomechanical study of four wells namely W, X, Y & Z drilled in the field ‘K'. The principal constituents of the geomechanical model are in-situ stresses, pore pressure and the rock mechanical properties. Geomechanical model for the field ‘K' was built utilizing the available data by integrating drilling, geology, petrophysics and reservoir data. Methodology adopted in this paper also highlights how a reliable geomechanical model can be built for a field, which is having data constraints. Constraining of stress magnitudes, orientation and anisotropy added value for efficient well planning in deep waters reservoirs. Calculating well specific reservoir rock mechanical properties, it made possible to identify the most optimal completion strategy. Approach contributed knowledge of geomechanical parameters based on the data of four offset wells has been used for successfully drilling and completion of all the subsequent wells without major challenges. Overall, geomechanical modeling has played a major role in drillability and deliverability of the reservoir. Integrated approach adopted in this paper can be used for well planning and drilling of future wells in East Coast of India with similar geological set up.
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Panchakarla, Anjana, Tapan Kidambi, Ashish Sharma, Eduardo Cazeneuve, RBN Singh, and Arun Kumar SV. "Integration of Acoustics and Geomechanical Modelling for Subsurface Characterization in Tectonically Active Sedimentary Basins: A Case Study from Northeast India." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206229-ms.

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Abstract Drilling wells in the remote northeastern part of India has always been a tremendous challenge owing to the subsurface complexity. This paper highlights the case of an exploratory well drilled in this region primarily targeting the main hydrocarbon bearing formations. The lithology characterized by mainly shale, siltstone and claystone sequences, are known to project high variance in terms of acoustic anisotropy. Additionally some mixed lithological sequences are also noted at particular depths and have been identified at posing potential problems during drilling operations. Several issues became apparent during the course of drilling the well, the main factor being consistently poor borehole condition. An added factor potentially exacerbating the progressively worsening borehole conditions was attributed to the significant tectonic activity in the area. To address and identify these issues and to pave the way for future operations in this region, a Deep Shear Wave Imaging analysis was commissioned to identify near and far wellbore geological features, in addition to addressing the geomechanical response of these formations. In this regard, acoustic based stress profiling and acoustic anisotropy analysis was carried out to estimate borehole stability for the drilled well section and provide insights for future drilling plans. Significant losses were observed while drilling the well, in addition to secondary problems including tight spots and hold ups and consequently the well had to be back reamed multiple times. Of particular note were the losses observed while transitioning between the main formations of interest. The former consisting relatively lower density claystone/siltstone formations and the latter, somewhat shalier interlayered with sandstones, displaying a generally higher density trend. This transition zone proved to be tricky while drilling, as a high density sandstone patch was encountered further impeding the drilling ROP. Overall, both formations were characterized by significantly low rock strength moduli with the exception of the sandstones projecting characteristically higher strengths. In light of these events, analysis of integrated geological, geomechanical and advanced borehole acoustic data analyses were used to identify the nature of the anisotropy, in terms of either stress induced, or caused by the presence of fractures in the vicinity of the borehole. The extensive analysis further identified sub-seismic features impeding drillability in these lithologies. Further, the holistic approach helped characterize the pressure regimes in different formations and in parallel, based on corroboration from available data, constrained stress magnitudes, indicating a transitional faulting regime. Variances in stress settings corresponded to the depths just above the transition zone, where significant variations were observed in shear wave azimuthal trends thereby indicating the presence of potential fracture clusters, some of which were revealed to be intersecting the borehole thereby causing stress. The analysis shed light on these near well fractures- prone to shear slip, causing mud losses during drilling while drilling with high mud weights. Finally, the encompassing multiple results, an operational mud weight window was devised for the planned casing setting depths. Given the presence of numerous fractures, the upper bound of the operational mud window was constrained further to account for the presence of these fractures. In summary, an integrated approach involving a detailed DSWI study in addition to traditional geomechanics has brought about new perspectives in assessing borehole instability. By actively identifying the sub surface features, (sub seismic faults and fractures) decisions can be taken on mud weight and optimizing drilling parameters dynamically for future field development.
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Reports on the topic "Sedimentary rocks – Indiana"

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Knight, I. Geological mapping of Cambrian and Ordovician sedimentary rocks of the Bellburns [12I/5/6], Portland Creek [12I/4] and Indian Lookout [12I/3] map Areas, Great northern peninsula, Newfoundland. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/121069.

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