Journal articles on the topic 'Sediment transport'
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Thunyaphun, Tussanun, Shinya Umeda, and Masatoshi Yuhi. "Sediment Budget and Net Sediment Transport on a Coast Dominated by Waves and Offshore Currents: A Case Study on the Ishikawa Coast and Its Surrounding Areas in Japan." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 3 (March 15, 2023): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11030621.
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This study discusses the coastal sediment budget for the Ishikawa coast using 12 years of observational datasets; it involves an understanding the local and regional sediment dynamics, the intensity of the transport processes in the region, and sediment supply from a local river. Although alongshore sediment transport and sediment budgets have been analyzed in previous studies, only a few conducted cross-shore sediment transport evaluations. The concentration of suspended sediments will be determined in this study, taking into account the influence of waves that are associated with the coastal current. The cross-shore sediment transport using sediment budget analysis indicated that the net alongshore sediment transport directions in the surf and offshore zones are opposite on the Ishikawa coast. The increase in the sediment budget of the surf zone can be attributed to the river sediment supply and longshore sediment transport inflow. Because of the significant outflow components of longshore and cross-shore sediment transports, the offshore zone budget showed a decreasing trend. A detailed sensitivity study was performed by varying the input parameters, in order to determine the possible ranges of net transport rates and sediment transport to the adjacent coasts. The results demonstrated the possibility of a clockwise residual sediment circulation. Our method can be used to analyze the alongshore sediment transport for other coasts and supplement future studies on coastal sedimentology and sediment budgets.
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Song, Zekun, Weiyong Shi, Junbiao Zhang, Hao Hu, Feng Zhang, and Xuefeng Xu. "Transport Mechanism of Suspended Sediments and Migration Trends of Sediments in the Central Hangzhou Bay." Water 12, no. 8 (August 4, 2020): 2189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12082189.
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Based on the 2013 field survey data of hydrology, suspended sediments and bottom sediments in the Central Hangzhou Bay, this paper explores the dynamic mechanism of suspended sediments in Hangzhou Bay by employing material flux decomposition. Meanwhile, the migration trends of bed sediments are also investigated by analyzing grain size trends. The results show that during an ebb or flood tide, the hydrograph of suspended sediment concentration of Hangzhou Bay is dominated by an M shape (bimodal), which is attributed primarily to the generation of a soft mud layer and a separate fluid mud layer. Laterally, the distribution of suspended sediment concentration is high in the south and low in the north. From a macroscopic perspective, the net sediment transport in the study area displays a “north-landward and south-seaward” trend, presenting a “C”-shaped transport mode. That is, the sediments are transported from the bay mouth to the bay head on the north side and from the bay head to the bay mouth on the south side. The sediment transports by advection and tidal pumping are predominant, while the sediment transport by vertical circulation makes little contribution to the total sediment transport. Moreover, the sediment transport in the center of the reach area is dominated by advection, whereas that near both sides of the banks is controlled by tidal pumping. The asymmetry of the tides, i.e., flood-dominance in the north and ebb-dominance in the south, is the primary cause of the dynamic mechanism for the overall “C”-shaped transport mode in Hangzhou Bay. Additionally, coupled with the narrow-head wide-mouth geomorphology, Hangzhou Bay remains evolving by south shore silting and north shore scouring.
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Chen, Jun Jie. "Research of Sediment Transport Test Based Suction Jet Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 1907–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.1907.
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Suction jet scheme has brought forward sediment suspension transport work parameter in the scheme of water and sediment transporting and sediment adding in discharge water before the flood season of Xiaolangdi Reservoir. Suction jet system starts suspended sediments as per 1 natural bottom slope of Xiaolangdi Reservoir while jet pump eject muddy water, which forms into density current and transport forward, and makes longitudinal deposition in the process of sediment transport. Transport distance shall be 1,264~1,903m while 50% longitudinal attenuation of sediments as effective transport distance. Bottom slope of sediment deposition is reduced to 6.7 with obscure longitudinal attenuation of sediments and can transport to longer distance.
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Kumaseh, Eunike, Yuliana Varala Tatontos, and Costantein Imanuel Sarapil. "Prediksi Transport Sedimen di Perairan Teluk Tahuna Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe." Journal of Marine Research 9, no. 3 (July 16, 2020): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v9i3.26537.
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ABSTRAK: Secara geografis, Teluk Tahuna diapit oleh 2 muara sungai yaitu Muara Sungai Tidore, yang dekat dengan Pelabuhan Nusantara Tahuna, dan Muara Sungai Towo’e. Hal ini memungkinkan terjadinya sedimentasi.Sehingga, perlu diketahui besarnya angkutan sedimen yang terjadi di perairan Teluk Tahuna.Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu membandingkan metode Engelund-Hansen dengan hasil pengukuran di lapangan. Pengambilan sedimen menggunakan sediment trap dan diukur selama 2 minggu sekali sebanyak 5 kali. Sedimen dibawa ke Laboratorium Mekanika Tanah untuk memperoleh ukuran diameter sedimen. Lokasi penelitian dibagi menjadi 3 stasiun, Stasiun 1 dekat muara sungai Tidore, Stasiun 2 pada bagian tengah perairan, dan Stasiun 3 dekat muara sungai Towoé. Hasil prediksi transport sedimen di Perairan Teluk Tahuna dengan metode Engelund-Hansen yaitu pada Stasiun 1 = 0,00000291(m3/m*s), Stasiun 2 = 0,00000697(m3/m*s), dan Stasiun 3 = 0,00000789(m3/m*s). Perhitungan transport sedimen yang paling tinggi adalah di Stasiun 3. Pengukuran laju sedimentasi yaitu pada Stasiun 1 sebesar 0,0000029 m3/hari, Stasiun 2 sebesar 0,0000053 m3/hari dan pada Stasiun 3 sebesar 0,0000072 m3/ hari. Rata – rata hasil pengukuran yang paling tinggi juga ada di Stasiun 3,yaitu dekat Muara Sungai Towoé. Hasil prediksi Metode Engelund-Hansen hampir sama dengan hasil pengukuran laju sedimen di lapangan. Metode Engelund-Hansen cocok digunakan untuk memprediksi transport sedimen di Perairan Teluk Tahuna. ABSTRACT: Geographically, Tahuna Bay has 2 river mouths, the Tidore river mouth, which is close to the Tahuna Harbor, and Towo'e river mouth. This allows sedimentation. So, it is necessary to know the calculation of sediment transport. The research method is comparing the Engelund-Hansen method with the results of measurements. Sediment rate measured by sediment trap and once in 2 weeks for 5 times. Sediments were taken to the Soil Mechanics Laboratory. The location was divided into 3 stations. The results of prediction of sediment transport in Tahuna Bay with the Engelund-Hansen method are Station 1 = 0,00000291 (m3/m*s), Station 2 = 0,00000697 (m3/m *s), and Station 3 = 0,00000789 (m3/m*s). The highest calculation of sediment transport is at Station 3. The average measurement of sedimentation rate at Station 1 of 0,0000029 m3/day, Station 2 of 0,0000053 m3/day and at Station 3 is 0,0000072 m3/day. The highest average measurement results are also at Station 3, which is near the Towoé River Estuary. The predicted results of the Engelund-Hansen Method are almost the same as those of the sediment rate measurements in the field. Engelund-Hansen Method can be used to predict the sediment transport in Tahuna bay.
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Hidayati, N., Suntoyo, and W. A. Pratikto. "Bed shear stress and sediment transport equations for predicting morphological and shoreline changes: a review." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1198, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1198/1/012036.
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Abstract Coastal sediments can be transported as bedload and suspended-load transport by waves and currents. The waves stir up the sediments, then currents transport sediments. Waves on the bottom can generate bed-shear stress. Meanwhile, the combination of bedload and suspended-load transport is known as total sediment transport. Prediction of total sediment transport has become important related to coastal morphological change and also shoreline change. Most of the sediment transport equations and approaches are developed from the physical principles. There are so many researchers proposed some formulas and methods with some considerations and difficulties. Due to the complexity of coastal conditions, the existing sediment transport rate prediction formulas are still not finished yet. Several well-known equations of bed-shear stress, bedload-suspended transport, and cross shore-longshore sediment transport; are discussed and reviewed in the present study. Thus, an overview of approaches and formulations that are reliable and nearly accurate for calculating the total sediment transport rate based on the characteristics of each coastal waters will be obtained. Accurate estimation of sediment transport rates will provide good results for predicting and monitoring changes in coastal morphology and shoreline changes. Moreover, coastal monitoring can be used for actions related to coastal protection system and coastal management.
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Subardjo, Petrus, Agus Anugroho Dwi Suryoputro, and Ibnu Praktikto. "Sebaran Sedimen Tersuspensi di Perairan Teluk Awur Jepara menggunakan Citra Landsat 8." Buletin Oseanografi Marina 9, no. 1 (April 24, 2020): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/buloma.v9i1.29111.
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Sedimen tersuspensi dianggap sebagai sedimen yang didistribusikan oleh arus laut. Arus sepanjang pantai (longshore current) berperan besar terhadap proses perpindahan sedimen di perairan. Gelombang laut yang yang membentuk sudut terhadap garis pantai menyebabkan arus sepanjang pantai Transpor sedimen yang disebabkan oleh arus sepanjang panti sering menimbulkan permasalahan erosi pantai dan pendangkalan perairan. Perairan Teluk Awur memiliki bentuk teluk dan tanjung yang memungkinkan terjadinya arus sepanjang pantai. Potensi adanya proses erosi dan sedimentasi di perairan Teluk Awur membuat pentingnya kajian mengenai pola sebaran sedimen tersuspensi. Penelitian ini mampu menjelaskan tentang pola sebaran sedimen tersuspensi di perairan Teluk Awur, Kecamatan Tahunan, Kabupaten Jepara. Metode yang digunakan untuk penentuan sedimen tersuspensi menggunakan pengindraan jauh dan data yang digunakan yaitu citra satelit landsat-8. Kandungan sedimen tersuspensi tertinggi berada di Desa Teluk Awur dan Desa Demaan. Kandungan tertinggi sebesar ± 67,54 mg/L dan semakin menjauhi pantai konsentrasi menurun. Tingginya kadungan sedimen tersuspensi dipengaruhi oleh proses mixing dan intensitas curah hujan. Suspended sediments are considered as sediments distributed by ocean currents. Current along the coast (longshore current) plays a major role in the process of transfer of sediment in the waters. Sea waves that form angles to the coastline cause currents along the coast Sediment transport caused by currents along the orphanage often cause erosion and coastal silting problems. The waters of Teluk Awur have the shape of bays and headlands which allow currents along the coast. The potential for erosion and sedimentation in the Awur Bay waters makes it important to study the pattern of suspended sediment distribution. This research is able to explain the pattern of suspended sediment distribution in Awur Bay waters, Annual District, Jepara Regency. The method used to determine suspended sediment uses remote sensing and the data used are Landsat-8 satellite imagery. The highest suspended sediment content was in Teluk Awur Village and Demaan Village. The highest content of ± 67.54 mg / L and increasingly away from the beach decreased concentration. The high suspended sediment content is influenced by the mixing process and the intensity of rainfall.
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Kumaseh, Eunike Irene, Costantein Imanuel Sarapil, and Ganjar Ndaru Ikhtiagung. "Sediment Transport and Economic Social Effect of Bowone People Mining Sangihe Islands Regency." Jurnal Ilmiah PLATAX 11, no. 2 (August 28, 2023): 489–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jip.v11i2.48734.
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This study aims to determine the magnitude of the sedimentation rate and the prediction of sediment transport in Binebas Bay as the scope of the Bowone people's mine run-off disposal area, as well as the socio-economic impacts on the community and especially for fishermen. Sediment diameter measurements were carried out by taking sediment samples at each station using a sediment trap. Sediment traps made of pipes will be installed at each station and the height of the sediment will be measured using a ruler every 2 weeks for 3 months. The research data were analyzed using the comparative method, namely the results of measuring the sediment rate in the field compared to the calculation results according to Engelund. The sediment rate in the waters of Binebas Bay which is close to the people's mining in Bowone Village is 0,058943 m3/year. Sediment transport in the waters of Binebas Bay is m3/m*s. Sedimentation is still relatively low (small) in the waters of Binebas Bay. Socially, people's mining activities in Kampung Bowone have a positive impact where there is the availability of employment opportunities for the community. Economically, people's mining activities increase people's income. However, the negative impact is environmental damage. Keywords: sediment transport; socio-economic impact; people's mine; Bowone village; Sangihe Islands Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya laju sedimentasi dan prediksi transport sedimen di Teluk Binebas sebagai lingkup wilayah buangan run-off tambang rakyat Bowone, serta dampak sosial ekonomi bagi masyarakat dan khususnya bagi nelayan. Diameter sedimen diukur dengan mengambil sampel di tiap Stasiun. Perangkap sedimen dibuat dari pipa dan diukur tinggi sedimennya tiap 2 minggu selama 3 bulan. Data penelitian dianalisis kemudian dilakukan komparasi antara hasil pengukuran laju sedimentasi di lapangan dengan hasil perhitungan transportasi sedimen menurut Metode Engelund. Laju sedimen di perairan Teluk Binebas yang dekat dengan pertambangan rakyat Kampung Bowone yaitu sebesar 0,058943 m3/ tahun. Transpor sedimen di perairan Teluk Binebas yaitu m3/m*s. Sedimentasi masih tergolong rendah (kecil) di perairan Teluk Binebas. Secara sosial, kegiatan pertambangan rakyat di Kampung Bowone memberikan dampak yang positif dimana terdapat ketersediaan lapangan kerja bagi masyarakat. Secara ekonomi, kegiatan pertambangan rakyat meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat. Namun, dampak negatifnya adalah kerusakan lingkungan. Kata kunci: transport sedimen; dampak sosial ekonomi; tambang rakyat; kampung bowone; kepulauan sangihe
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Kusuda, T., and T. Futawatari. "Simulation of Suspended Sediment Transport in a Tidal River." Water Science and Technology 26, no. 5-6 (September 1, 1992): 1421–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0585.
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Based on the results of field observation in a tidal river, modeling of sediment transport processes is performed and the suspended sediment transport over a long term is simulated with a newly developed procedure, in which the Lagrangian reference frame is used in order to reduce numerical dispersion. The suspended sediment transport in the tidal river is calculated with erosion and deposition of sediments, consolidation of fluid mud to bed mud, and transport by turbidity current. Sediment transport processes concerned with formation and maintenance of turbidity maxima are sufficiently simulated for a fortnightly cycle with the Lagrangian sediment transport model (LSTM).
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Krishnappan, Bommanna G. "Recent advances in basic and applied research in cohesive sediment transport in aquatic systems." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 34, no. 6 (June 1, 2007): 731–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-043.
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An overview of cohesive sediment transport processes is given in this paper, and a mass-balance equation that is commonly used to treat cohesive sediment transport is reviewed. The equation highlights transport parameters and processes that are important for modelling the transport of cohesive sediment. The flocculation mechanism that distinguishes cohesive sediment from its noncohesive counterpart is elaborated using a laboratory study that was carried out in a rotating circular flume using sediments from Hay River, Northwest Territories, Canada. A mathematical model of flocculation suitable for predicting flocculation of sediment in rotating circular flumes is reviewed. Other cohesive sediment transport processes such as erosion and deposition processes at the sediment-water interface, entrapment of fines in gravel beds, consolidation, fluid mud, and fluidization due to wave action are reviewed. Additional challenges and knowledge gaps that exist in the area of cohesive sediment transport are identified. Key words: cohesive sediment, flocculation, mathematical modelling of flocculation, rotating circular flume, erosion, deposition, fine sediment entrapment, fluid mud, consolidation, fluidization, waves.
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Govenor, Heather, W. Cully Hession, Tyler A. Keys, C. Nathan Jones, Ryan D. Stewart, and Leigh-Anne H. Krometis. "Evaluating Rare Earth Elements as Tracers of Fluvial Processes: Fine Sediment Transport and Deposition in a Small Stream." Transactions of the ASABE 64, no. 3 (2021): 905–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.14358.
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HighlightsNatural sediments labeled with rare earth elements can effectively be used as tracers for quantifying fine sediment transport and deposition.Two artificial floods in a small stream (100 ha watershed, 1.5 year return flow of 515 L s-1) transported fine sediment 0 m to >850 m at a maximum flow rate of 55 L s-1.Sediment deposition per unit area was greater in the channel than in the near-channel floodplain.Use of two distinct tracers demonstrated resuspension extent during sequential high-flow events.Presence of large wood in the channel was associated with reduced streamflow rate, decreased suspended sediment transport velocity, increased channel sediment deposition, and reduced near-floodplain sediment deposition.Abstract. Effective sediment management requires an understanding of the lag time between best management practice implementation and observable changes in the target water body. To improve our understanding of sediment lag times, we tested a method to label locally sourced sediments with rare earth elements to quantify fine sediment flow-through and storage in fluvial systems. We injected sediments labeled with lanthanum and ytterbium into a small stream during two artificial flood events. During the floods, we collected and quantified suspended sediments and sediment deposition in the stream channel and floodplain at four cross-sections within our study reach. Two down-gradient (90 m and 850 m) time-integrated suspended sediment samplers evaluated total travel distance. Sediment tracer observations of particle transport distances ranged from 0 m to at least 850 m at a maximum flow rate of 55 L s-1 (stream 1.5 year flow was 515 L s-1). Sediment deposition per unit area was greater in the channel than in the floodplain. The majority of sediment tracer mass injected into the stream entered storage within the first 69 m of the reach. Some particles that deposited following the first flood were resuspended and either transported downstream or redeposited within the study reach. Our results support the further use of rare earth elements as sediment tracers to inform water quality and sediment transport models, and to provide estimates of lag times between management actions and downstream improvements. Keywords: Fine sediment, Flood, Fluvial geomorphology, Lag time, Large wood, Rare earth elements, Sediment deposition, Sediment transport, Tracer.
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Tandira'pak, Seri, Erni Rante Bungin, and Ika Apriyani. "Analisis Angkutan Sedimen Pada Sungai Galang-Galang Kampung Paku Kabupaten Polewali Mandar." Paulus Civil Engineering Journal 4, no. 1 (March 19, 2022): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.52722/pcej.v4i1.387.
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The Galang-Galang River or also known as the Binanga Karaeng River is a border river between the Polewali Mandar Regency (Polman) which was formerly known as Polmas before separating from South Sulawesi Province. During the rainy season, the water in this river often overflows and can even pose a danger to plantation and rice field farmers around the two border areas. Some of the rainwater that falls on the surface erodes the soil so that it is carried by the flow of water into the river downstream to make the sediment deposits increase. Sediment formed in the flow of the Galang - Galang river will cause a lack of river capacity during the dry season and in the rainy season, it will cause flooding. In this study, direct measurements and sampling of bottom sediment and floating sediment were carried out at three river points. The purpose of the study was to analyze deductions of basic sedimentary transports and sediments floating in the galange-Galang river. The study conducted direct measurements as well as retrieval of basic sedimentary samples and sediment rising at three points of the river. Basic sedimentary transport was calculated using the van rjin method, and for levitating sediments, it was calculated by a momentary method. From the results of the analysis, the bottom sediment transport discharge in the upstream is 4x10-4 tons/day, in the middle, it is 0.0891 tons/day, and in the downstream, it is 1x10-4 tons/day. Meanwhile, the floating sediment transport discharge is 0.208 tons/day upstream, 0.278 tons/day in the middle, and 0.121 tons/day downstream, where floating sediment transport is measured at a very small discharge so that the results are obtained are also small.
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Mariyanto, Mariyanto, Ayi Syaeful Bahri, Widya Utama, Wien Lestari, Linda Silvia, Titis Lestyowati, Muhammad Khayrul Anwar, Wahyu Ariffiyanto, Ahmad Irfaan Hibatullah, and Moh Faisal Amir. "Relation Between Transport Distance with Frequency-Dependent Volume Magnetic Susceptibility in Surabaya River Sediments." Jurnal Penelitian Fisika dan Aplikasinya (JPFA) 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jpfa.v8n1.p33-41.
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Volume magnetic susceptibility measurements have been widely used in numerous studies related to river sediment characterization. A study of the transport distance effect toward the frequency-dependent volume magnetic susceptibility is needed to identify the superparamagnetic grain behavior in river sediments. The purpose of this study is to identify the presence of superparamagnetic grains and to obtain the relation between transport distances and frequency-dependent volume magnetic susceptibility in river sediments. The sediment samples were taken and measured by using the Bartington MS2B Susceptibilitymeter at two different frequencies of 470 Hz and 4700 Hz. The measurement results show that the sediment transport distance is directly proportional to the frequency-dependent volume magnetic susceptibility. Superparamagnetic grain content is identified to tend to be higher as the distance of sediment transport increases.
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Yamamoto, Ako, Yuki Kajikawa, Kei Yamashita, Ryota Masaya, Ryo Watanabe, and Kenji Harada. "Comparisons of Numerical Models on Formation of Sediment Deposition Induced by Tsunami Run-Up." Journal of Disaster Research 16, no. 7 (October 1, 2021): 1015–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2021.p1015.
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Tsunami sediments provide direct evidence of tsunami arrival histories for tsunami risk assessments. Therefore, it is important to understand the formation process of tsunami sediment for tsunami risk assessment. Numerical simulations can be used to better understand the formation process. However, as the formation of tsunami sediments is affected by various conditions, such as the tsunami hydraulic conditions, topographic conditions, and sediment conditions, many problems remain in such simulations when attempting to accurately reproduce the tsunami sediment formation process. To solve these problems, various numerical models and methods have been proposed, but there have been few comparative studies among such models. In this study, inter-model comparisons of tsunami sediment transport models were performed to improve the reproducibility of tsunami sediment features in models. To verify the reproducibility of the simulations, the simulation results were compared with the results of sediment transport hydraulic experiments using a tsunami run-up to land. Two types of experiments were conducted: a sloping plane with and without coverage by silica sand (fixed and movable beds, respectively). The simulation results confirm that there are conditions and parameters affecting not only the amount of sediment transport, but also the distribution. In particular, the treatment of the sediment coverage ratio in a calculation grid, roughness coefficient, and bedload transport rate formula on the fixed bed within the sediment transport model are considered important.
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Andrian, Ivan, and Wati A. Pranoto. "ANALISIS ANGKUTAN SEDIMEN DASAR SUNGAI CIBEET DENGAN HEC-RAS DAN UJI LABORATORIUM." JMTS: Jurnal Mitra Teknik Sipil 3, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jmts.v3i1.7050.
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Cibeet River is a tributary river of the Citarum River. Length of the Cibeet River is 101km with its upstream located on Lemo Mountain and downstream on the Citarum River. This river carries sediment to the Citarum River and is one of the largest supplier of sediment to the Citarum River. Research The Cibeet River sediment transport is only bedload sediment transport. Sediment transport research is carried out by laboratory testing and calculation by HEC-RAS. Laboratory testing is carried out with a circular flume. At HEC-RAS, the method used is Engelund-Hansen, Meyer-Peter and Muller, and Yang. The results of sediment transport with the Meyer-Peter and Muller method are the closest to the results of laboratory testing, between 24.54 % to 50.25 % depends on the flow of water. AbstrakSungai Cibeet merupakan anak Sungai Citarum. Panjang Sungai Cibeet 101km dengan hulu berada di Gunung Lemo dan hilir di Sungai Citarum. Sungai ini membawa sedimen ke Sungai Citarum dan salah satu penyumbang sedimen terbesar ke Sungai Citarum. Penelitian Angkutan sedimen Sungai Cibeet dibatasi hanya pada sedimen dasar. Penelitian angkutan sedimen dilakukan dengan pengujian laboratorium dan perhitungan dengan HEC-RAS. Pengujian laboratorium dilakukan dengan alat circular flume. Pada HEC-RAS, metode yang digunakan adalah Engelund-Hansen, Meyer-Peter and Muller, dan Yang. Hasil angkutan sedimen dengan metode Meyer-Peter and Muller paling mendekati dengan hasil pengujian laboratorium. Perbedaan rata-rata yang didapat antara 24,54 % hingga 50,25 % tergantung pada debit alirannya.
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Box, Walter, Kaisa Västilä, and Juha Järvelä. "Transport and deposition of fine sediment in a channel partly covered by flexible vegetation." E3S Web of Conferences 40 (2018): 02016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184002016.
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Riparian plants exert flow resistance and largely influence the flow structure, which affects erosion, deposition and transport processes of fine sediments. Predicting these vegetative effects is important for flood, sediment and nutrient management. However, predictions on the fate of sediments are complicated by uncertainties associated with the suitable parameterization of natural plants and the associated effects on the turbulent flow field and on the variables in the transport equations. The aim of this study is to quantify deposition and transport of fine sandy sediment in a partly vegetated channel under laboratory conditions. Care was taken to reproduce conditions typical of vegetated floodplain flows including dense flexible grassy understory as a starting point. The experiments were conducted in a flume that is specifically designed to recirculate fine sediment. We measured suspended sediment concentrations with optical turbidity sensors and determined patterns of net deposition over the vegetated parts of the cross section. The flow field was determined with acoustic Doppler velocimetry. Our investigations are intended to improve future predictions of fine sediment storage and transport in natural or constructed vegetated channels, and the first results reported herein were useful in designing further, on-going experiments with complex combinations of vegetation and channel geometry. Key words: sediment transport, suspended sediment, deposition, riparian vegetation, flow field.
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Ma, Peifeng, and Ole Secher Madsen. "A 3D SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MODEL FOR COMBINED WAVE-CURRENT FLOWS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (October 18, 2012): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.sediment.21.
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Accurate prediction of current velocity and bottom shear stress, which both can be significantly influenced by wind waves, is essential for sediment transport predictions in the coastal environment. Consequently wind-wave effects must be taken into account in a numerical sediment transport model for application in coastal waters. In the present study, elements of a large-scale 3D numerical coastal circulation and sediment transport model are developed to predict net, i.e. the wave-period-averaged, sediment transport rates. The sediment transport components considered are (i) bed-load transport; (ii) mean suspended load sediment transport within the wave boundary layer, which is obtained from an analytical solution; and (iii) suspended load sediment transport above the wave bottom boundary layer, which is obtained from a numerical model. In all model components wind wave effects are accounted for through simple analytical models. Thus, the roughness prescribed for the hydrodynamic part of the numerical coastal circulation model is the apparent roughness, i.e. the roughness experienced by a slowly varying current in the presence of waves. Similarly, the reference concentration specified for the sediment transport part of the numerical model is obtained from analytical solutions for suspended sediment concentrations within the combined wave-current bottom boundary layer. Stratification effects caused by suspended sediment are included in the large-scale numerical sediment transport model. Results of idealized tests suggest that wind wave effects can be pronounced, e.g. in some typical coastal scenarios sediment can only be mobilized when wind waves are present and accounted for. It is also shown that stratification can significantly affect suspended sediment transport rates of fine sediments.
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Geersen, Jacob, Andrea Festa, and Francesca Remitti. "Structural constraints on the subduction of mass-transport deposits in convergent margins." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 500, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp500-2019-174.
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AbstractThe subduction of large and heterogeneous mass-transport deposits (MTDs) is discussed to modify the structure and physical state of the plate boundary and therewith exert an influence on seismicity in convergent margins. Understanding which subduction-zone architectures and structural boundary conditions favour the subduction of MTDs, primarily deposited in oceanic trenches, is therefore highly significant. We use bathymetric and seismic reflection data from modern convergent margins to show that a large landslide volume and long runout, in concert with thin trench sediments, increase the chances for an MTD to become subducted. In regions where the plate boundary develops within the upper plate or at its base (non-accretionary margins), and in little-sedimented trenches (sediment thickness <2 km), an MTD has the highest potential to become subducted, particularly when characterized by a long runout. On the contrary, in the case of a heavily sedimented trench (sediment thickness >4 km) and short runout, an MTD will only be subducted if the thickness of subducting sediments is higher than the thickness of sediments under the MTD. The results allow identification of convergent margins where MTDs are preferentially subducted and thus potentially alter plate-boundary seismicity.
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Boving, Thomas, Tabatha Lewis, and Eko Siswoyo. "An innovative approach to tracking sediment transport along roads." MATEC Web of Conferences 280 (2019): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928004001.
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A study of sediment transport was carried out in the New England area of the United States where large quantities of sediments and other debris accumulate along roads. These sediments are mostly transported by roadway runoff and stormwater drainage structures, where present, tend to concentrate them. However, polluted sediments might also find their way into ecologically sensitive areas. Our research aimed at tracking the transport of these sediments as they move along a road. Further, we attempted to quantify the rate by which the sediments were transported. Glass microbeads in the size range of sand were released as a tracer of sediment transport at six comparable locations. Over a period of 10 months, their movement was tracked using microscopy. Our results indicate that this type of tracer was successful in following along the sediment transport. More research is required to establish this new method under different stormwater runoff regimes or different roadside maintenance conditions.
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Marin, François, and Mélanie Vah. "Cross-Shore Sediment Transport in the Coastal Zone: A Review." Water 16, no. 7 (March 26, 2024): 957. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16070957.
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This paper presents a review of cross-shore sediment transport for non-cohesive sediments in the coastal zone. The principles of sediment incipient motion are introduced. Formulations for the estimation of bedload transport are presented, for currents and combined waves and current flows. A method to consider the effect of sediment heterogeneity on transport, using the hiding–exposure coefficient and hindrance factor, is depicted. Total transport resulting from bedload and transport by suspension is also addressed. New research is encouraged to fill the knowledge gap on this topic.
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Mėžinė, Jovita, Christian Ferrarin, Diana Vaičiūtė, Rasa Idzelytė, Petras Zemlys, and Georg Umgiesser. "Sediment Transport Mechanisms in a Lagoon with High River Discharge and Sediment Loading." Water 11, no. 10 (September 21, 2019): 1970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11101970.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the sediment dynamics in the largest lagoon in Europe (Curonian Lagoon, Lithuania) through the analysis of in situ data and the application of a sediment transport model. This approach allowed to identify the propagation pathway of the riverine suspended sediments, to map erosion-accumulation zones in the lagoon and calculate the sediment budget over a 13-year-long simulation. Sampled suspended sediment concentration data are important for understanding the characteristics of the riverine and lagoon sediments, and show that the suspended organic matter plays a crucial role on the sediment dynamics for this coastal system. The numerical experiments carried out to study sediment dynamics gave satisfactory results and the possibility to get a holistic view of the system. The applied sediment transport model with a new formula for settling velocity was used to estimate the patterns of the suspended sediments and the seasonal and spatial sediment distribution in the whole river–lagoon–sea system. The numerical model also allowed understanding the sensitivity of the system to strong wind events and the presence of ice. The results reveal that during extreme storm events, more than 11.4 × 106 kg of sediments are washed out of the system. Scenarios without ice cover indicate that the lagoon would have much higher suspended sediment concentrations in the winter season comparing with the present situation with ice. The results of an analysis of a long-term (13 years) simulation demonstrate that on average, 62% of the riverine sediments are trapped inside the lagoon, with a marked spatially varying distribution of accumulation zones.
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Uriarte, Adolfo, Javier Franco, Angel Borja, Victoriano Valencia, and Raúl Castro. "Sediment and heavy metal distribution and transport in a coastal area affected by a submarine outfall in the Basque Country (Northern Spain)." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 6-7 (March 1, 1998): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0735.
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In 1989 a submarine outfall was brought into service in the coastal area of Zarautz, in the Basque Country (north of Spain). The outfall discharge point is located at ∼35 m depth and ∼1 km offshore. This work deals with the sediment dispersion and distribution patterns in the vicinity of an outfall. The methodological field procedures included bathimetric surveys and sediment sampling for grain size characterization and analysis of organic matter content and heavy metal concentrations. Sediment resuspension and transport paths were estimated. Small-sized sediments have been only deposited in the proximity of the outfall discharge point. Heavy metal distribution in the sediments shows only minor influence of the outfall. Only under storm weather conditions sediments will get into suspension. Sediment transport studies suggest a net transport from the outfall discharge point to the N-NW. It can be established that sediments discharged by the outfall will not be transported coastwards; thus, water quality in this area will not be affected.
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Cutroneo, Laura, Cristina Carbone, Sirio Consani, and Marco Capello. "Sediment distribution on the continental shelf in relation to stream inputs and contamination: hydrodynamic, chemical, mineralogical, and sedimentological characteristics (Ligurian Sea, Italy)." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 35 (August 1, 2020): 43755–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10259-4.
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AbstractRiver estuaries, continental shelf, and sediment contamination are closely linked from the point of view of sediment transport and diffusion that is governed by different factors such as sea waves and currents, river flows and floods, and sediment characteristics. Taking these factors into consideration, we have examined marine environmental and marine bottom sediments off the mouth of a stream to highlight the main ways of sediment and contaminant transport and diffusion on the continental shelf. For this purpose, we followed a multidisciplinary approach, studying circulation of water masses, hydrological characteristics of water column, distribution and main characteristics of sediment grain size, sediment mineralogical composition, and metal concentrations of bottom sediments. Our results allowed identifying the presence of preferential ways of sediment deposition and areas of sediment spread for the Entella Stream, as well as the origin of some metals.
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Berlamont, Jean E., and Hilde M. Torfs. "Modeling (partly) cohesive sediment transport in sewer systems." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 9 (April 1, 1996): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0204.
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Although the basic mechanisms of sediment transport in sewers are the same as in rivers, it is not necessarily appropriate to use the many models that have been developed for sediment transport in rivers also in sewers. Different reasons are: 1) sewer sediments are often mixtures of cohesive and non cohesive material, and the bed is often stratified; 2) due to consolidation of the (partly cohesive) bed material, the erosion resistance of the bed may vary with time; 3) the flow conditions in sewers are usually unsteady, which is not accounted for in the classical sediment transport models; 4) existing models have been derived from experiments in rectangular flumes: the results are not directly applicable to sewers with circular cross section where the distribution of bed shear stress may be completely different from a rectangular section; 5) the limited availability of erodible material and the varying supply of sediments add additional difficulty to the modelling of sediment transport in sewers.
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Pratama, Dhimas Prabu, Warsito Atmodjo, and Anindya Wirasatriya. "Pengaruh Arus Sejajar Pantai (Longshore Current) Terhadap Proses Perubahan Garis Pantai di Pantai Marunda, Jakarta Utara." Indonesian Journal of Oceanography 5, no. 2 (July 13, 2023): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijoce.v5i2.16198.
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Abstrak Pantai Marunda berada di Kecamatan Cilincing, Kota Jakarta Utara. Sisi barat Pantai Marunda terdapat Pelabuhan KCN Marunda dan di sisi timur terdapat jetty pada muara sungai Banjir Kanal Timur. Jetty dapat mempengaruhi energi arus sejajar pantai yang mentranspor sedimen di sepanjang pantai. Transpor sedimen dapat menyebabkan perubahan garis pantai akibat abrasi maupun sedimentasi. Penelitian ini perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui proses hidrodinamika yang terjadi di Pantai Marunda yang menyebabkan perubahan garis pantai. Metode penelitian yang dipakai berupa metode kuantitatif. Data angin didapatkan melalui ECMWF dari tahun 2012 – 2022 yang digunakan untuk peramalan gelombang. Peramalan gelombang menggunakan metode SMB (Sverdrup Munk Bretchneider) dengan aplikasi easywave yang dikelompokkan ke dalam 4 musim. Nilai transpor sedimen didapat berdasarkan pada kondisi gelombang di lokasi penelitian. Perubahan garis pantai menggunakan DSAS (Digital Shoreline Analysis System) menggunakan citra Landsat 7 tahun 2012 dan Landsat 8 tahun 2014 - 2022. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan kecepatan arus sejajar pantai di Pantai Marunda pada musim barat dan peralihan 1 berkisar 0,75-0,91 m/s dengan arah arus bergerak menuju timur, sedangkan pada musim timur dan peralihan 2 berkisar 0,76-1,46 m/s dengan arah arus bergerak menuju barat. Arus sejajar pantai menghasilkan transpor sedimen sebesar - 105,65 m3/hari sampai 274,22 m3/hari dengan transpor tahunan berkisar -38.565,84 m3/tahun sampai 100.095,54 m3/tahun. Nilai transpor sedimen tersebut menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan garis pantai dengan akresi sebesar 2,1 ha dan abrasi sebesar 0,02 ha.AbstractMarunda Beach is located in Cilincing District, North Jakarta City. It is bordered by the KCN Marunda Port on the west side and a jetty at the mouth of East Flood Canal on the east side. The existance of jetty can affect the energy of longshore currents that transport sediment along the coast. Sediment transport can cause shoreline changes due to abrasion or sedimentation. This research aims to investigates the hydrodynamic processes that causes the coastline changes at Marunda Beach. The research method was a quantitative method. Wind data was obtained from ECMWF (2012 – 2022) and it is used for wave forecasting. Wave forecasting used the SMB (Sverdrup Munk Bretchneider) method with easywave application which was divided into 4 seasons. The value of sediment transport was obtained based on the wave conditions at the study site. Changes in coastline was analyzed by DSAS (Digital Shoreline Analysis System) using Landsat 7 in 2012 and Landsat 8 images in 2014 - 2022. The results show that the longshore current velocity at Marunda Beach in the west season and transition 1 ranges from 0.75 to 0.91 m/s with the current moving eastward, while in the east monsoon and transition 2 it ranges from 0.76 to1.46 m/s with the current moving westward. Longshore currents produce sediment transport of -105.65 m3/day to 274.22 m3/day with annual transport ranging from -38,565.84 m3/year to 100,095.54 m3/year. The sediment transport value causes changes in the coastline with an accretion of 2.1 ha and an abrasion of 0.02 ha.
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Carrillo, Ricardo, and Luca Mao. "Coupling Sediment Transport Dynamics with Sediment and Discharge Sources in a Glacial Andean Basin." Water 12, no. 12 (December 9, 2020): 3452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12123452.
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Suspended and bedload transport dynamics on rivers draining glacierized basins depend on complex processes of runoff generation together with the degree of sediment connectivity and coupling at the basin scale. This paper presents a recent dataset of sediment transport in the Estero Morales, a 27 km2 glacier-fed basin in Chile where suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and bedload (BL) fluxes have been continuously monitored during two ablation seasons (2014–2015 and 2015–1016). The relationship between discharge and SSC depends on the origin of runoff, which is higher during glacier melting, although the hysteresis index reveals that sediment sources are closer to the outlet during snowmelt. As for suspended sediment transport, bedload availability and yield depend on the origin of runoff. Bedload yield and bedload transport efficiency are higher during the glacier melting period in the first ablations season due to a high coupling to the proglacial area after the snowmelt period. Instead, on the second ablation seasons the peak of bedload yield and bedload transport efficiency occur in the snowmelt period, due to a better coupling of the lower part of the basin caused by a longer permanency of snow. Differences in volumes of transported sediments between the two seasons reveal contrasting mechanisms in the coupling dynamic of the sediment cascade, due to progressive changes of type and location of the main sources of runoff and sediments in this glacierized basin. The paper highlights the importance of studying these trends, as with retreating glaciers basins are likely producing less sediments after the “peak flow”, with long-term consequences on the ecology and geomorphology of rivers downstream.
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Cheng, Wufeng, Shenliang Chen, Jun Zhu, Xiaojing Zhong, Jin Hu, and Junli Guo. "Identification of the Sediment Movement Mechanism via Grain Size and Shape: A Case Study of a Beach in Eastern Hainan Island in South China." Water 15, no. 20 (October 17, 2023): 3637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15203637.
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This paper used dynamic image analysis (DIA) to analyze the grain size and shape data of beach surface sediments in Bao’ding Bay, eastern Hainan Island, China, and explored the effects of sediment transport modes and beach morphology on the grain size–shape trend curves. This paper adopted a method of combining grain size cumulative frequency curves and grain size–shape trend curves to identify three sediment transport modes: suspension, saltation, and traction, and analyzed the characteristics of the grain size–shape trend curves under different beach morphologies (reflective, intermediate, and dissipative). This paper found that the grain size–shape trend curves can effectively indicate the sediment transport modes and improve the accuracy of subpopulation division; the grain size–shape trend curves showed different distribution characteristics in the cross-shore and longshore directions, which are closely related to the beach’s morphology and sediment transport direction. This paper provides a new method and idea for studying beach sediment transport and sedimentary environment using sediment grain size and shape data.
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Jackson, Emma L., Nathan B. English, Andrew D. Irving, Andrew M. Symonds, Gordon Dwane, Owen T. Nevin, and Damien T. Maher. "A Multifaceted Approach for Determining Sediment Provenance to Coastal Shipping Channels." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 12 (November 29, 2019): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7120434.
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Maintenance dredging for shipping channels is required to maintain safe and efficient navigational channels and berths in ports around the world. Sediment that refills dredged channels can enter ports via alluvial transport of eroded materials from upstream and adjacent catchments, from marine transport due to tidal currents and wind driven currents and from longshore drift. Identifying the provenance of sediment infilling navigational channels allows port operators to mitigate and manage sediment transport, potentially reducing dredging requirements and costs. Further, understanding sediment sources can inform options for beneficial reuse or disposal of dredged sediments. A multi-faceted approach was used to assess whether sediment provenance in the Port of Gladstone could be characterized. A combination of particle size analysis, rare earth element composition, carbon stable isotope ratios, strontium isotopes, and beryllium-7 radioisotopes was employed. Samples were collected at accumulation locations within the navigational channel. Potential sediment sources were sampled from sites of longshore drift to the south of the Port of Gladstone, and intertidal sand and mud representative of transport from currents. Fluvial sediment samples were collected during dry and wet season conditions and from the three main local catchments. Potential source sediment samples yielded identifiable differences with respect to rare earth elements, while beryllium-7 isotope analysis indicated recent deposition of sediments from mudflats or catchment within the channels. The approach used here provided insights into the source of recently deposited sediments to the dredged channels, enabling managers to make informed decisions on mitigation and management strategies.
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Zhang, Yaoxin, Mohammad Al-Hamdan, and Daniel Wren. "Development of a Two-Dimensional Hybrid Sediment-Transport Model." Applied Sciences 13, no. 8 (April 14, 2023): 4940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13084940.
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This paper presents the development of a two-dimensional hydrodynamic sediment transport model using the finite volume method based on a collocated unstructured hybrid-mesh system consisting of triangular and quadrilateral cells. The model is a single-phase nonequilibrium sediment-transport model for nonuniform and noncohesive sediments in unsteady turbulent flows that considers multiple sediment-transport processes such as deposition, erosion, transport, and bed sorting. This model features a hybrid unstructured mesh system for easy mesh generation in complex domains. To avoid interpolation from vertices in conventional unstructured models, this model adopted a second-order accurate edge-gradient evaluation method to consider the mesh irregularities based on Taylor’s series expansion. In addition, the multipoint momentum interpolation corrections were integrated to avoid possible nonphysical oscillations during the wetting-and-drying process, common in unsteady sediment transport problems, to ensure both numerical stability and numerical accuracy. The developed sediment transport model was validated by a benchmark degradation case for the erosion process with armoring effects, a benchmark aggradation case for the deposition process, and a naturally meandering river for long-term unsteady sediment-transport processes. Finally, the model was successfully applied to simulate sediment transport in a reservoir that was significantly affected by typhoon events.
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Amri, Khairul. "ANALISIS LAJU ANGKUTAN SEDIMEN DI SUNGAI LUAS BENGKULU DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE SHEN HUNGS DAN ENGELUND HANSEN." RADIAL : Jurnal Peradaban Sains, Rekayasa dan Teknologi 10, no. 1 (June 25, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37971/radial.v10i1.239.
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Abstrak : Analisis Laju Angkutan Sedimen di Sungai Luas Bengkulu Dengan Menggunakan Metode Shen Hungs Dan Engelund Hansen. Sungai Luas yang berada di Provinsi Bengkulu mengalami permasalahan sedimentasi pada alur sungai sehingga alur sungai menjadi rusak dan terjadi pendangkalan yang mengakibatkan sering terjadi banjir, dimana sungai tersebut tidak mampu menampung air hujan yang ada. Selain itu, delta delta di hilir sungai yang membentuk pulau-pulau kecil. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui besarnya laju angkutan sedimen yang terjadi di Sungai Air Luas. Metode yang digunakan untuk menghitung besarnya laju transpor sedimen adalah Metode Shen Hungs dan Engelund Hansen. Hasil pengukuran di lapangan rata-rata lebar sungai bisa 67,5 meter dan kedalaman 0,45 meter, debit 56,9 m3/detik. Hasil perhitungan dengan menggunakan metode Shen dan Hungs, diperoleh laju sedimen sebesar 1.742.040 ton/tahun dan. Sedangkan Metode Engelund dan Hansen menghasilkan laju angkutan sedimen sebesar 1.643.760 ton/tahun. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa laju transpor sedimentasi di Sungai Air Luas terjadi secara terus menerus akibat rusaknya DAS bagian hulu yang menyebabkan terjadinya erosi dan sedimentasi di alur sungai. Sedimentasi yang ada menyebabkan alur sungai menjadi dangkal dan sering terjadi banjir. Untuk itu diperlukan pengelolaan DAS dan pengerukan sedimen secara terpadu secara berkala agar tidak mengganggu aliran air yang terjadi di air Sungai Luas, Bengkulu.
Abstract : The Analysis Of Sediment Transport Rate In Luas River of Bengkulu by Using Shen Hungs And Engelund Hansen Methods. The River of Luasis located in Bengkulu Province, which experiences problems with sedimentation in the river channel so that the river channel becomes damaged and siltation occurs, which results in frequent flooding, where the river cannot accommodate existing rainwater. In addition, the delta delta in the lower reaches of the river that forms small islands. The purpose of this study is to determine the magnitude of sediment transport rates that occur in the Air Broad River. The method used to calculate the amount of sediment transport rate is the Shen Hungs and Engelund Hansen Method. The results of field measurements in the average width of the river can be 67.5 meters and a depth of 0.45 meters, a discharge of 56.9 m3 / sec. The results of calculations using the Shen and Hungs method, obtained sediment rate of 1.742,040 tons / year and. Whereas the Engelund and Hansen Method produces sediment transport rates of 1.643,760 tons / year. The conclusion of this study shows that the rate of sedimentation transport in the Air Luas River occurs continuously due to damage to the upstream watershed which causes erosion and sedimentation in the river channel. Existing sedimentation causes the river channel to become shallow and frequent flooding. for this reason, integrated management of watersheds and sediment dredging is needed regularly so as not to disrupt the flow of water that occurs in the River water of Luas, Bengkulu.
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Torfs, Hilde, Marc Huygens, and Limbaya Tito. "Influence of the Cross-Section on the Erosion Criteria for Partly Cohesive Sediments." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1994): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0656.
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Erosion of sediment mixtures, comprising cohesive as well as non-cohesive sediments, has been studied in straight laboratory flumes of circular and rectangular cross-sections. Erosion of mixed sediments depended on the mixture composition (cohesive material content), the type of cohesive sediment, and the shape of the flume cross-section. By increasing the cohesive material content, the erosion resistance of the sediment mixture also increased and the erosion pattern changed from ripples and dunes (noncohesive) to a groove or wavy surface (cohesive). In circular channels, the influence of the “side” walls on sediment transport is important, but the criteria for incipient motion seem to be the same as in the rectangular channels. Hence, sediment transport models developed for rectangular channels cannot be readily applied to circular channels.
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Hakiki, Irham Adrie, Leo Eliasta Sembiring, and Cahyo Nur Rahmat Nugroho. "ANALISIS SEDIMENTASI LAGUNA SEGARA ANAKAN DENGAN PEMODELAN NUMERIK ANGKUTAN SEDIMEN KOHESIF." JURNAL TEKNIK HIDRAULIK 12, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32679/jth.v12i1.642.
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Sagara Anakan Lagoon has been continuously receded caused by the high sedimentation rate. The deposited sediment volume was predicted to be around 1 million m3/year. This phenomenon, if not treated will harm the existing ecosystem and also could cause many kinds of its native biota extinct. Engineering could be applied to prevent it. However, the transport and sedimentation pattern must be known for it to be effective. Silting in Sagara Anakan Lagoon simulated by using MIKE21 numerical model which could simulate sediment transport in 2D horizontal scheme. The deposited sediment, mainly consisted of mud, so the model must be capable for simulating cohesive sediment transport. Model is set to simulate one year of morphological event which reached with the usage of time speed up acceleration factor. Model calibrated to be able to simulate a deposition event in the order of one million m3/year. Model calibrated by tuning critical bed shear stress for deposition and erosion parameters as a base for sensitivity analysis. Model result shown that the sedimentation in Sagara Anakan Lagoon is caused by asymmetry of flood and ebb current. Major siltation happened around the delta with the maximum and mean observed bed change are approximately 0.6 m and 0.16 m respectively. The setup for this model could be used as a base model for planning an engineering approach for controlling sediment in Sagara Anakan Lagoon.Keywords: Numerical model, cohesive sediment, mud transport, estuary modellingKata Kunci: Model numerik, sedimen kohesif, transpor lumpur, pemodelan estuari
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Shen, Jian, Dianci Chi, and Bingrou Xi. "Sediment distributions and transport patterns in the Pearl River Estuary and its adjacent coastal ocean." Advances in Engineering Technology Research 8, no. 1 (October 19, 2023): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aetr.8.1.398.2023.
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Coastal sediment is important for the development of river deltas and for carrying both nutrients and pollutants into estuaries and coasts. Totally 265 surficial sediments collected from the Pearl River Estuary and its adjacent coastal ocean were analyzed by using Gao-Collins method to study the sediment transport path and deposition center. The Pearl River Estuary was an area of sandy mud sediment and showed some muddy patches. There were 5 distinguishable sediment convergence centers, which represent 3 types of sediment transport patterns and hydrodynamic environments. The net sediment transport pathways in the estuary and shelf sea were mainly in the offshore and landward direction, respectively. The analyzed results indicated that the main part of muddy sediment was confined to the mouth of the estuary due to the combined effects of the expansion and salinity intrusion.
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Wibowo, Mardi, Hanah Khoirunnisa, Khusnul Setia Wardhani, and Reni Wijayanti. "Pemodelan Pola Sedimentasi di Muara Cisadane untuk Mendukung Pengembangan Terpadu Pesisir Ibukota Negara." Jurnal Kelautan Tropis 25, no. 2 (April 29, 2022): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jkt.v25i2.13732.
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NCICD is one of the national strategic programs to deal with coastal problems in Jakarta. One alternative structure to be built is WLP or known as coastal resort. As an initial step to make it happen, BAPPENAS plans to build a WLP pilot plan around the S. Cisadane estuary. One of the main considerations for designing the WLP layout is the process and pattern of sedimentation around the Cisadane estuary. Therefore, computational modeling of sediment transport around the Cisadane estuary was carried out for a period of 1 year (August 2020-July 2021). This modeling uses MIKE-21 module MIKE21/3 Integrated Models software which combines hydrodynamics and cohesive sediment transport models. Based on the results of this modeling, it is known that there are differences in sediment transport patterns in the west and east monsoons. During 1 year, changes in the thickness of the bottom sediment around the estuary of S. Cisadane ranged from -0.4 to 0.7 m with a mean of 0.086 m. Coastal reservoir design must take into the very dynamic sedimentation process around the Cisadane estuary. Pengembangan Terpadu Pesisir Ibukota Negara (PTPIN) merupakan salah satu program strategis nasional untuk menangani permasalahan pesisir di Jakarta. Salah satu alternatif struktur yang akan dibangun adalah WLP atau dikenal sebagai coastal reservoir. Sebagai langkah awal mewujudkannya BAPPENAS merencanakan membangun pilot plan WLP di sekitar muara S. Cisadane. Salah satu pertimbangan utama untuk mendesain layout WLP adalah proses dan pola sedimentasi di sekitar muara Cisadane. Oleh karena itu dilakukan pemodelan komputasi transpor sedimen di sekitar muara Cisadane selama kurun waktu 1 tahun (Agustus 2020-Juli 2021). Pemodelan ini menggunakan software MIKE-21 module MIKE21/3 Integrated Models yang menggabungkan model hidrodinamika dan transpor sedimen kohesif. Berdasarkan hasil pemodelan ini diketahui bahwa terdapat perbedaan pola transpor sedimen di musim barat dan musim timur. Selama 1 tahun, perubahan ketebalan sedimen dasar di sekitar muara S. Cisadane berkisar -0,4-0,7 m dengan rerata 0,086 m. Pola sedimentasi yang sangat dinamis harus mendapatkan perhatian khusus dalam merancang waduk lepas pantai.
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Vakalas, Ioannis, and Irene Zananiri. "Net Transport Patterns of Surficial Marine Sediments in the North Aegean Sea, Greece." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 3 (March 20, 2024): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12030512.
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The spatial distribution of sediments on the seafloor reflects the various dynamic processes involved in the marine realm. To analyze sediment transport patterns in the North Aegean Sea, 323 surficial samples were obtained and studied. The granulometry data revealed a diverse range of grain sizes of surficial sediments, ranging from purely sandy to clay. The predominant size classes were silt and muddy sand, followed by sandy silt and mud. However, there were very few samples that fell within the clay classes. The sorting coefficient ranged from 0.21 to 5.48, while skewness ranged from −1.09 to 1.29. The sediment transport patterns were analyzed based on the grain-size parameters (mean, sorting, and skewness). The results showed the variability of flow parameters involved in sediment distribution. River influx and longshore drift near the shoreline are the most significant factors affecting sediment transport. At the open sea, sediment distribution is mainly controlled by general water circulation patterns, especially by the outflow of low-salinity waters from the Black Sea through the Dardanelles and the Marmara Sea. The heterogeneity of sediment textural parameters across the study area suggests that seafloor sediments are further reworked in areas where water masses are highly energetic. It can be concluded that open sea water circulation controls sediment distribution patterns at the open shelf, while close to the coast, river discharge plays a key role.
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Blom, Gerard, Elisabeth H. S. Van Duin, R. Hans Aalderink, Lambertus Lijklema, and Christian Toet. "Modelling sediment transport in shallow lakes — interactions between sediment transport and sediment composition." Hydrobiologia 235-236, no. 1 (July 1992): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00026208.
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Boreham, S., and C. J. Rolfe. "Holocene, Weichselian Late-glacial and earlier Pleistocene deposits of the upper Cam valley at the Hinxton Genome Campus, Cambridgeshire, UK." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw 88, no. 2 (September 2009): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600000925.
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AbstractA section through Pleistocene deposits and temporary exposures of valley-side and valley-fill Late-glacial and Holocene sediments in the upper Cam valley at Hinxton Genome Campus, Cambridgeshire, UK are described. Stratigraphy, radiocarbon dating and pollen analysis are used to create a model of sediment transport, landscape change and vegetation history at the site. This study offers a new understanding of the stratigraphy and context of the Holocene, Weichselian Late-glacial and earlier Pleistocene deposits of the upper Cam valley, and provides an insight into valley-side sediment transport processes and the three-dimensional sediment architecture of the valley-fill sediments.
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Culp, Joseph M., Frederick J. Wrona, and Ronald W. Davies. "Response of stream benthos and drift to fine sediment deposition versus transport." Canadian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 6 (June 1, 1986): 1345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z86-200.
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Field experiments were conducted to investigate the responses of benthic macroinvertebrate communities to experimental additions of fine sediments into riffles having a flow with either low tractive force so the sediments were deposited or sufficient tractive force to transport the added sediments. Sediment deposition had no measurable impact on most taxa, the only negative effects being significantly higher drift rates and lower benthic densities for Paraleptophlebia. Sediment transport by saltation created a physical disturbance that reduced total benthic densities by >50% in 24 h and significantly influenced macroinvertebrate community composition. Changes in the benthic community were the result of catastrophic drift, and distinct immediate and delayed responses of diurnal drift to the saltating sediments were evident. Taxa with the immediate drift response resided predominantly at the substrate surface and were instantaneously exposed to scouring as sediments were added. Macroinvertebrates showing the delayed response initially avoided the saltating sediments because of their deeper distribution, but an apparent diel shift in vertical distribution exposed these taxa to saltating sediments 6–9 h after sediment additions. Thus, even when tractive forces were insufficient to suspend fine sediments, catastrophic drift was initiated by fine sediments that slid and bounced along the surface of the stony substrate. Sediment saltation, therefore, has the potential to act as a community-level disturbance early in the storm hydrograph or at lower discharge magnitudes than required to suspend sediments.
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Masselink, R., A. J. A. M. Temme, R. Giménez, J. Casalí, and S. D. Keesstra. "Assessing hillslope-channel connectivity in an agricultural catchment using rare-earth oxide tracers and random forests models." Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica 43, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/cig.3169.
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Soil erosion from agricultural areas is a large problem, because of off-site effects like the rapid filling of reservoirs. To mitigate the problem of sediments from agricultural areas reaching the channel, reservoirs and other surface waters, it is important to understand hillslope-channel connectivity and catchment connectivity. To determine the functioning of hillslope-channel connectivity and the continuation of transport of these sediments in the channel, it is necessary to obtain data on sediment transport from the hillslopes to the channels. Simultaneously, the factors that influence sediment export out of the catchment need to be studied. For measuring hillslope-channel sediment connectivity, Rare-Earth Oxide (REO) tracers were applied to a hillslope in an agricultural catchment in Navarre, Spain, preceding the winter of 2014-2015. The results showed that during the winter no sediment transport from the hillslope to the channel was detected.To test the implication of the REO results at the catchment scale, two contrasting conceptual models for sediment connectivity were assessed using a Random Forest (RF) machine learning method. The RF method was applied using a 15-year period of measured sediment output at the catchment scale. One model proposes that small events provide sediment for large events, while the other proposes that only large events cause sediment detachment and small events subsequently remove these sediments from near and in the channel. For sediment yield prediction of small events, variables related to large preceding events were the most important. The model for large events underperformed and, therefore, we could not draw any immediate conclusions whether small events influence the amount of sediment exported during large events. Both REO tracers and RF method showed that low intensity events do not contribute any sediments from the hillslopes to the channel in the Latxaga catchment. Sediment dynamics are dominated by sediment mobilisation during large (high intensity) events. Sediments are for a large part exported during those events, but the system shows a memory of the occurrence of these large events, suggesting that large amounts of sediments are deposited in and near the channel after these events. These sediments are gradually removed by small events. To better understand the delivery of sediments to the channel and how large and small events influence each other more field data on hillslope-channel connectivity and within-channel sediment dynamics is necessary.
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Truong, Dinh Duc, Doan Quang Tri, and Nguyen Cao Don. "The Impact of Waves and Tidal Currents on the Sediment Transport at the Sea Port." Civil Engineering Journal 7, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 1634–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2021-03091749.
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Dredged sediments in estuarine and coastal waters can cause sediment transport and water pollutant in marine environment since the sediments are diffused to waterbodies under the influence of wave and flow regimes. As a result, it increases turbidity and enhances sediment deposition at dump sites. In Vietnam, few authors have studied and assessed the environmental impact of dumping and dredged materials to the port areas. This paper combines a coupled spectral wind-wave, hydrodynamic, and sediment transport models in order to study the impact of tide and wave conditions to regional sediment transport patterns at Vung Ang port area in Vietnam. The results for the currents and waves were evaluated and validated using field data. Wind and wave data for the calculated domain are extracted from the WAVEWATCH-III (wave data) and NOAA global climate change models (wind data). The calibration and validation of the MIKE 21/3 showed a high conformity between the observed and simulated data based on the mean absolute error (MAE), the RMSE-observation standard deviation ratio (RSR) and the Percent bias (PBIAS). The MIKE 21/3 sediment transport simulation results showed that the highest suspended sediment concentrations were 2.5-3 g/m3 at the dredging position and the increased concentration along the transport route ranged from 1-1.5 g/m3. The simulation results showed the bed level change of the simulated domain. We found that the suspended sediment diffusion area decreased with the respective depth: Layer 1 (65.5 km2), Layer 2 (45.7 km2), and Layer 3 (37.4 km2). Therefore, the simulation results of the dredged materials activities were significantly affected by the wave and tidal regime on the sediment transport. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091749 Full Text: PDF
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Sayama, Mikio, Nils Risgaard-Petersen, Lars Peter Nielsen, Henrik Fossing, and Peter Bondo Christensen. "Impact of Bacterial NO3− Transport on Sediment Biogeochemistry." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 11 (November 2005): 7575–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.11.7575-7577.2005.
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ABSTRACT Experiments demonstrated that Beggiatoa could induce a H2S-depleted suboxic zone of more than 10 mm in marine sediments and cause a divergence in sediment NO3 − reduction from denitrification to dissimilatory NO3 − reduction to ammonium. pH, O2, and H2S profiles indicated that the bacteria oxidized H2S with NO3 − and transported S0 to the sediment surface for aerobic oxidation.
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Tait, S. J., R. M. Ashley, R. Verhoeven, F. Clemens, and L. Aanen. "Sewer sediment transport studies using an environmentally controlled annular flume." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 4 (February 1, 2003): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0219.
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This paper provides an overview and some preliminary results of a collaborative project recently completed at WL Delft Hydraulics. It describes tests in an annular flume, in which sediment deposits were formed under carefully controlled and monitored environmental conditions. The deposits were then subjected to a series of time steps in which the rotational speed of the flume’s top and bottom plates was increased, progressively increasing the bed shear stress. The sediment deposits were formed using three different types of sediment. An artificial organic sediment, together with a uniformly sized sand were selected as surrogate sewer sediments. The deposits in the remaining experiments were real in-sewer sediments, from catchments in the UK (Dundee) and The Netherlands (Loenen). During the erosion tests, total and volatile suspended solids concentration, particle size distribution of the eroded sediment, and COD and DO levels were recorded. The bed surface topography was also measured so that the influence of the deposit formation condition on bedforms could also be examined. Where bed consolidation times were least 24 hours a biologically active surficial layer was observed to develop at the sediment/water interface. The initial deposit conditions (temperature and deposit duration) were both found to have a significant impact on the subsequent erosion of the deposit.
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Kleijwegt, Rob A., Robin G. Veldkamp, and Chandra Nalluri. "Sediment in Sewers: Initiation of Transport." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 10-11 (October 1, 1990): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0310.
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The initiation of sediment transport in sewers was investigated in field and laboratory studies. From the field studies it was concluded that some deposits in sewers are permanent due to the insufficient capability of the flow to erode the deposits. From the laboratory studies it was concluded that the upper limit of the critical shear stresses for cohesive sewer sediments may not exceed 5-7 N/m2. Non-cohesive sediments are eroded at lower shear stresses than predicted by Shields' criterion. The shear stresses were calculated using the general equations of continuity and motion and Einstein's separation technique for channels of compound roughness. Experiments showed the validity of this method.
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Blom, G., and H. J. Winkels. "Modelling sediment accumulation and dispersion of contaminants in Lake Ijsselmeer (The Netherlands)." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 6-7 (March 1, 1998): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0730.
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In this study two models are integrated for the simulation of sediment distribution and quality in the Lake IJsselmeer area. STRESS-2d, a two dimensional dynamic model for simulation of sediment transport due to resuspension, erosion, sedimentation and horizontal advection and dispersion is used to simulate the sediment transport dynamics for a period of one year. The model is calibrated on water level, suspended solids concentration and sedimentation flux measurements. The model has a high spatial and temporal resolution. The model DIASPORA, which is based on STRESS-2d results, simulates the effects of sediment transport on morphology and contaminant concentrations in the sediment for a period of decades. DIASPORA also simulates dilution by internally produced CaCO3 and consolidation of sediment layers. The models produce a reasonable reconstruction of suspended solids concentrations and long term accumulation of sediments in deep areas within the lake. Also the temporal and spatial variability in the contaminant concentration in sediments in Lake IJsselmeer is reconstructed with sufficient quality. Model simulations show that internal redistribution of old deposits in the IJsselmeer area and internal production of CaCO3 are diluting the contaminated solids supplied by the river IJssel.
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Ubah, Joseph Ikenna, Louis Chukwuemeka Orakwe, Nelson Mbanefo Okoye, and Kingsely Nnaemeka Ogbu. "River Sediment Transport Modeling of Ele River using Computational Fluid Dynamics Model of COMSOL Multiphysics Program." ASM Science Journal 16 (July 15, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2021.562.
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Excessive sediment deposition results to hydro-ecological problems particularly for shallow streams that experience significant point-source pollution. In recent times, models have been employed to investigate sediment transport in river systems. The aim of this research work is to model sediment transport of Ele River using particle tracing methodology. The governing equations of fluid flow and particle movement were modelled using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.3a. The result was validated using experimental data and the model result showed good agreement with coefficient of determination of 0.99. Study results showed that sediment at the river banks posses lower velocities compared to sediments in midstream. This implies higher sediment deposition at the banks due to low flow velocity. These sediments deposition constitute problems to the river system through degradation of water quality and blocking irrigation nozzles, impacting irrigation efficiency and crop production.
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Ballio, Francesco, and Simon Tait. "Sediment transport mechanics." Acta Geophysica 60, no. 6 (October 31, 2012): 1493–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11600-012-0074-0.
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Allen, James R. "Nearshore Sediment Transport." Geographical Review 78, no. 2 (April 1988): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/214173.
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Qu, Liqin, Tingwu Lei, Chenyan Zhou, and Xiusheng Yang. "Measuring Sediment Transport Capacity of Concentrated Flow with Erosion Feeding Method." Land 12, no. 2 (February 3, 2023): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12020411.
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Sediment transport capacity in rills is an important parameter for erosion modeling on hillslopes. It is difficult to measure, especially at gentle slopes with limited rill length. In this study, a special flume with variable slope gradients in upper and lower sections was implemented to measure the sediment transport capacity. The upper flume section with a higher slope gradient generates faster water flow that could scout more sediment to feed the water flow in the rill. The rest of the flume is set at the designated slopes to measure the transport capacity in different slope and runoff conditions. A series of flume experiments were conducted with silt-loam soil to verify the method. The sediment transport capacity was measured under slope gradients of 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, and 25° and a flow rate of 2, 4, 8, and 16 L min−1. The measured sediment transport capacity values were compared with reference measurements from other rill erosion experiments with similar materials and setups. At high slope gradients of 15°, 20°, and 25°, the newly suggested method produced almost the same transport capacity values. Under the low slope gradients of 5° and 10°, the maximum sediment concentrations from the 8 m long flume with the uniform gradients in the previous experiments, rill erosion with an 8 m long flume produced were about 36% lower than the values measured with the new method, which is insufficient to make the flow reach sediment transport capacity. The sediment transport capacities at lower slopes measured with the new method followed the same trend as those at higher slopes. The new method can supply enough sediments to ensure the flow approach transport capacity measurement and, therefore, provides a feasible approach for estimating sediment transport capacity for conditions with relatively gentle slopes.
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Pradhan, S., R. N. Samal, S. B. Choudhury, and P. K. Mohanty. "HYDRODYNAMIC AND COHESIVE SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MODELING IN CHILIKA LAGOON." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-5 (November 15, 2018): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-5-141-2018.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Chilika lagoon, one of the largest brackish water lagoons in Asia located along the east coast of India. The rivers draining into the lagoon carry about 13 million tonnes of sediments annually. Because of the cohesiveness properties of the fine sediments, nutrients, heavy metals and other polluted substances tend to bind to the sediment’s surface. Consequently, pollutants can be concentrated in the inlets/estuaries, thus being of great environmental interest. In addition, the mudflats occurring are important biotopes for a large number of micro- and macro-faunal species and act as feeding places for a number of birds. To understand the cohesive sediment dynamics, a numerical model, MIKE 21 Mud Transport (MT) coupled with hydrodynamic (HD) was used. The model simulated the relative bed level height and suspended sediment concentrations. The sediment interchange and accumulation between each sectors and Bay of Bengal were evaluated. The suspended sediment concentration is high in the north-east portion of the lagoon while medium and low suspended loads are observed in the eastern and western portion of the lagoon. Bed thickness is very high in the north-western corner of the lagoon covered with Phragmites Karka which facilitate sediment trap. Total bed thickness change is very much pronounced in the northern sector which receives most of the sediments from the Mahanadi river systems as well along the periphery of the lagoon due to drainage. The eastern lagoon shows a net deposition accumulated fraction (5–15<span class="thinspace"></span>kg/m<sup>2</sup>) and hence gives enough indication of the sedimentation processes in the lagoon. Further, the results also warrant immediate attention to check and monitor suspended sediment concentration to find out the net deposition trend in the lagoon environment in order to take decisions in minimizing the sediment load.</p>
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HASHIMOTO, Takayuki, and Yukinobu ODA. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering) 78, no. 2 (2022): I_187—I_192. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/kaigan.78.2_i_187.
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Nalluri, C., A. Ab Ghani, and A. K. S. El-Zaemey. "Sediment Transport over Deposited Beds in Sewers." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1994): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0658.
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This paper is based on an extensive experimental investigation of bedload transport of noncohesive sediments at “limit deposition” in channels of circular and rectangular cross-section. The effect of permanent deposits on the invert of pipe channels on sediment carrying capacity and hydraulic resistance to flow is investigated. The sediment transport data from rectangular and pipe channels led to the development of empirical equations with high correlation coefficients. These equations showed the possibilities of their validity for either channel shape with the incorporation of appropriate shape parameters.