Journal articles: 'Sediment remediation'

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Zhang, Min, Xiangchun Wang, Long Yang, and Yangyang Chu. "Research on Progress in Combined Remediation Technologies of Heavy Metal Polluted Sediment." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 24 (December 13, 2019): 5098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16245098.

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Heavy metals contaminated sediment has become a worldwide environmental issue due to its great harm to human and aquatic organisms. Thus, economical, effective, and environmentally-friendly remediation technologies are urgently needed. Among which, combined remediation technologies have attracted widespread attention for their unique advantages. This paper introduces combined remediation technologies based on physical-, chemical-, and bio-remediation of heavy metal polluted sediments. Firstly, the research progress in physical-chemical, bio-chemical, and inter-organismal (including plants, animals, microorganisms) remediation of heavy metal polluted sediments are summarized. Additionally, the paper analyzes the problems of the process of combined remediation of heavy metals in river sediments and outlooks the future development trends of remediation technologies. Overall, this review provides useful technology references for the control and treatment of heavy metal pollution in river sediments.

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Praeger, Thomas H., Stuart D. Messur, and Richard P. DiFiore. "Remediation of PCB-containing sediments using surface water diversion “dry excavation”: a case study." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 6 (March 1, 1996): 239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0102.

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Remediation of contaminated sediments presents an on-going challenge in the efforts toward improved water quality and environmental restoration. Faced with this challenge, Mercury Marine recently selected a remedial alternative that included diverting creek flow and removing approximately 5,900 in-situ cubic meters of sediments containing PCBs from an impoundment in Cedar Creek. The regulatory objective was to remove all sediment containing PCBs “to the extent practicable” from an 180-meter stretch of the impoundment. A remedial investigation was conducted to collect the data necessary to characterize the site and prepare a remedial design. Technical issues involved with dry excavation that were critical to implementing this alternative included: channel diversion, sediment characterization, pond dewatering, wastewater treatment, groundwater infiltration, surface water run-off, and sediment removal, handling and disposal. Mercury Marine and its engineering staff found sediment removal by dry excavation to be a labor intensive and costly means of remediating the PCB-affected sediments at this site. Before implementing dry excavation at any site, owners, consultants, and regulatory agencies must realize the many limitations of this alternative and give special consideration to site conditions, engineering, and planning.

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Chao, Lei, Xiaoyun Mo, Jia Meng, and Yafeng Li. "Study on enhanced bioremediation effect of oil-bearing dredging sediment." E3S Web of Conferences 252 (2021): 02031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125202031.

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To solve the problem of difficult treatment of oil-bearing dredging sediment, the effects of three methods of microbial remediation, phytoremediation and combined bioremediation on the treatment of oily river dredging sediments were compared and studied, and the influence factors of microbial remediation were explored through static bacteria-fling tests. The results showed that the combined remediation method was better than the single biological method in treating bottom mud. The oil content of the treated sediment was 1.21g/kg, and the removal rate was 95.31%; the organic matter of the treated sediment was 72.30g/kg, and the degradation rate was 37.33. %, which can meet the requirements in the “Control Standards of Pollutants in Sludge for Agricultural Use (GB4284–2018)” and can be used for agricultural purposes.

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Zhang, Jian, Yun Tang, Zhanguo Kou, Xiao Teng, Wei Cai, and Jian Hu. "Shift of Sediments Bacterial Community in the Black-Odor Urban River during In Situ Remediation by Comprehensive Measures." Water 11, no. 10 (October 14, 2019): 2129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11102129.

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The phenomenon of black-odor urban rivers with rapid urbanization has attracted extensive attention. In this study, we investigated the water quality and composition of sediment-associated bacteria communities in three remediation stages (before remediation, 30 days after remediation, and 90 days after remediation) based on the in situ remediation using comprehensive measures (physical, chemical, and biological measures). The results show that the overlying water quality was notably improved after in situ remediation, while the diversity and richness of sediment-associated bacterial communities decreased. A growing trend of some dominant genus was observed following the remediation of a black-odor river, such as Halomonas, Pseudomonas, Decarbonamis, Leptolina, Longilina, Caldiseericum, Smithella, Mesotoga, Truepera, and Ralstonia, which play an important role in the removal of nitrogen, organic pollutants and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) during the sediment remediation. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the bacterial community succession may accelerate the transformation of organic pollutants into inorganic salts in the sediment after in situ remediation. In a word, the water quality of the black-odor river was obviously improved after in situ remediation, and the bacterial community in the sediment notably changed, which determines the nutrients environment in the sediment.

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Mench, Michel, Jaco Vangronsveld, and Nick Lepp. "Soil and sediment remediation [SSR]." Environmental Pollution 144, no. 1 (November 2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.01.025.

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Huang, Jian Jun, Yu Hong Li, and Ya Jie Gao. "Ferric Nitrate Suppresses Internal Phosphorus Loading in Municipal River." Advanced Materials Research 393-395 (November 2011): 1242–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.393-395.1242.

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The application of nitrate is an accepted procedure to manage eutrophication municipal rivers by controlling the phosphorus release from sediments into overlying water and offering electron acceptor for microorganism metabolism. In situ laboratory studies were carried out in simulated reactors to evaluate the potential of ferric nitrate for remediation municipal river sediment. Ferric nitrate could greatly improve the ability of bio-treatment properties for sediment. Two dose remediation experiment of ferric nitrate (70g and 35g per square meter) was carried out lasting 28 weeks. Observations showed that ferric nitrate could suppressed the release of phosphorus from the sediments. At the same time the TN concentration could reduce to common level compared to blank reactor by denitrification. As a whole the dose of 35g per square meter ferric nitrate is better. The results suggest that knowledge of a municipal river’s nitrogen budget may be a useful tool in the design of municipal river remediation efforts.

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Lintern, Anna, Marion Anderson, Paul Leahy, Ana Deletic, and David McCarthy. "Using sediment cores to establish targets for the remediation of aquatic environments." Water Science and Technology 73, no. 3 (October 19, 2015): 628–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.525.

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When assigning site-specific restoration targets for deteriorating aquatic systems, it is necessary to have an understanding of the undisturbed or background state of the system. However, the site-specific characteristics of aquatic systems prior to disturbance are mostly unknown, due to the lack of historical water and sediment quality data. This study aims to introduce a method for filling this gap in our understanding, using dated sediment cores from the beds of aquatic environments. We used Bolin Billabong, a floodplain lake of the Yarra River (South-East Australia), as a case study to demonstrate the application of this method. We identified the concentrations of aluminium, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, tin and zinc at 8 cm intervals through the sediment core. This showed that aluminium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, nickel, tin and zinc concentrations in Bolin Billabong sediments significantly increased after European settlement in the river catchment in the mid-19th century. The differences between current Australian sediment quality guidelines trigger values and the background metal concentrations in Bolin Billabong sediments underscore the value of using locally relevant background toxicant concentrations when setting water and sediment quality targets.

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Forstner, U. "Risk assessment and technological options for contaminated sediments — a geochemical perspective." Marine and Freshwater Research 46, no. 1 (1995): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9950113.

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The effective long-term remediation of contaminated sediments presents a particular challenge, since the large volume and the often diverse range of contaminants in these materials makes many of the traditional remediation techniques uneconomic. Future risk assessments of contaminated sediments should focus on assessing possible chemical changes in the stored sediment (e.g. redox changes and acid production) that could lead in the long term to contaminant remobilization. New biological criteria of contaminated sediments are also needed. These risk assessments must be undertaken with the potential remediation methods in mind. Priority needs to be given to the application of new geochemical engineering techniques, including chemical stabilization by additives and storage under permanent anoxic conditions, that optimize the long-term chemical stability of contaminated sediments.

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Rajic, Ljiljana, Bozo Dalmacija, Svetlana Ugarcina-Perovic, Malcolm Watson, and Milena Dalmacija. "Influence of nickel speciation on electrokinetic sediment remediation efficiency." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 17, no. 4 (2011): 451–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq110216030r.

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This article presents a bench-scale investigation of nickel removal during electrokinetic (EK) remediation of sediment, and the dependency of removal efficacies upon the speciation of the metal, as influenced by the duration of the nickel-sediment interaction. The sediment used in this study was from the Grand Backa canal (Vojvodina, Republic of Serbia). The sediment used is anaerobic and the nickel pollution has been aged for several years, so it is mostly sorbed by sulphides and organic mater (57%). In EXP I, conventional EK remediation was conducted on this sediment for 7 days, but was ineffective (0% removal). EXP II investigated the influence of the duration of nickel sorption onto the sediment, by contaminating the sediment with additional nickel. In this sediment, nickel appeared mainly in the most mobile, acid-soluble fraction, and was thus available for migration towards the cathode. Consequently, conventional EK remediation of this sediment resulted in significantly better nickel removal (23%) than EXP I. During EXP III, the same spiked sediment was investigated using an increased applied current density, with no significant increase in removal efficacy. This study demonstrates that metal-sediment interaction duration affects efficacy of metal removal during EK remediation.

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Zarull, M. A., and T. B. Reynoldson. "A Management Strategy for Contaminated Sediment: Assessment and Remediation." Water Quality Research Journal 27, no. 4 (November 1, 1992): 871–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1992.052.

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Abstract Sediment contaminated with metals, persistent toxic organics and nutrients represents a significant concern throughout the Great Lakes. The highest levels of sediment-associated contaminants and some of the worst manifestations of their resultant problems are found in the urban-industrial harbours, embayments and river mouths. These “Areas of Concern” require complete problem definition and remediation of all impaired uses. However, our ability to fully remediate contaminated sediments in these nearshore areas is limited by the availability of proven technology, adequate assessment data and suitable restoration goals. All of these requirements are currently in the research, development and demonstration phases. Each of these is discussed in the context of their technical problems and further research needs and development directions are indicated.

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Zhao, Nannan. "Remediation of Mariculture Sediment by Sediment Microbial Fuel Cell." E3S Web of Conferences 261 (2021): 04037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126104037.

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To investigate the removal effect of pollutants in mariculture sediment by sediment microbial fuel cell (SMFC) and its power generation capacity, the effects of external resistance, cathode pH and cathode dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) on the SMFC system were investigated. The results showed that the optimal parameters for SMFC were as follows: external resistance = 1500 Ω, pH = 8.5 and DO = 5 mg·L-1. In these situations, the power generation performance and organic degradation effect were both the best. The maximum output voltages were 585, 606, and 587 mV, respectively; the removal rates of COD in sediment were 75.51%, 84.21% and 86.63%, respectively; and the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen in sediment were 80.34%, 98.91% and 90.24%, respectively. The SMFC system had a certain degradation ability to pollutants such as COD and ammonia nitrogen in the sediment of the marine aquaculture areas, which had a broad application prospect.

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Wei, Yu Hang, De Shan Tang, and Yi Fan Ding. "Distributed SWAT Model for Ecological Remediation Project Assessment." Advanced Materials Research 915-916 (April 2014): 1460–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.915-916.1460.

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In arid area, ecological remediation aims at decreasing soil erosion by foresting. Distributed SWAT model is further improved model of integrated model, capable of analyzing the relation between river runoff, sediment and land use change by human activities. In this study, distributed SWAT model is built in the Heihe River Basin to simulate watershed water and sand conditions, and natural state of river runoff and sediment without ecological remediation project is estimated. Significant differences are observed between the estimated natural state runoff and sediment and conditions after the remediation projects. This provides valuable reference for effect assessment of Heihe River Basin ecological remediation project.

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Minter, Thomas G., Jason A. Hale, Christopher D. Cormack, Linos Cotsapas, and Jacqueline Michel. "Tidal Flat and Sand Beach Remediation: Choosing Remediation Techniques to Speed Ecological Recovery of Habitats Still Impacted 20 Years after the Gulf War Oil Spill." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 1719–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2014.1.1719.

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ABSTRACT After nearly 20 years of limited natural recovery following the Gulf War oil spill, surveys were conducted in 2009-2010 to identify where oil has persisted and ecological recovery has been slow along the Arabian Gulf coastline of Saudi Arabia. In 2011-2013, large-scale remediation projects were executed on 3 locations totaling 155 hectares of tidal flats and sand beaches to speed ecological recovery. Targeted remediation techniques were used as tools to meet the following goals: 1) increase suitable habitat for grazers and burrowing infauna; 2) reduce total petroleum hydrocarbon levels; and 3) improve physical processes (drainage) and reduce associated stressors such as ponding. Three principal techniques were developed and utilized along sheltered and moderately exposed tidal flats: 1) tilling of oiled sediments using tines (rake) or disc harrow attachment, followed by manual removal of remaining surface oil; 2) complete physical removal and disposal of the surface or cohesive subsurface oiling layers; and 3) tilling areas contained within berms while flooded to liberate liquid oil that was subsequently recovered by skimming/vacuuming. The first technique was considered appropriate when there was a well-defined gradient between hardened surface oiling and lightly oiled subsurface sediments, within sandy tidal flats, and where sediment conservation was a priority. This technique resulted in 20% additional oiled surface residue cover, which was removed manually. Resulting sediment loss was minimal. Goals 1, 2 and 3 were met. The second technique was preferred when there was a dry cohesive oiled layer either on the surface or beneath a layer of clean sand and where sediment conservation was not a priority. Excavation of oiled sediments resulted in high sediment loss by physical removal; however, goals 1 and 2 were clearly achieved. Additional re-grading including possible sediment replacement was required to achieve goal 3. The third technique was considered the optimal method when there was a high level of subsurface liquid oiling within tidal flats, and if sediment conservation was a priority. Goal 1 was achieved by breaking up surface barriers. To achieve goals 2 and 3, multiple tilling passes were required to liberate and remove liquid oil. Monitoring results show that while oil levels varied across remediated sites, a trend in reduction was common throughout. Short- and long-term ecological responses are being monitored.

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Huang, Jian Jun, Yu Hong Li, Jing Mei Sun, and Nan Li. "Municipal River Sediment Remediation with Calcium Nitrate, Polyaluminium Chloride and Calcium Peroxide Compound." Advanced Materials Research 396-398 (November 2011): 1899–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.396-398.1899.

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In situ laboratory studies were carried out in simulated reactors to evaluate the potential of calcium nitrate, Polyaluminium Chloride (PAC) and calcium peroxide for remediation municipal river sediment. Calcium peroxide could increase the dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) of water for long time (8 weeks). It would optimize the anoxia environment of sediment and be propitious for remediation of sediment. The disadvantage of calcium peroxide was that pH (8.6) would rise slightly and accelerate NH3-N release. Spraying poly-aluminum chloride also could prohibit phosphorus release from sediment. But the remediation effect might be weakened due to disorganization of the aluminium floc after period of time. Phosphorus release from sediment injected calcium nitrate was almost stopped during the experiment. Calcium nitrate could greatly improve the ability of bio-treatment properties for sediment. After 28 weeks of treatment, the TN concentration with dose of 70g per square meter NO3-N could reduce to common level compared to blank reactor by denitrification. It makes in-situ chemical remediation technology by calcium nitrate injection become possibly.

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Chapman, P. M. "Sediment remediation can include no action." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Contamination 13, no. 2 (June 25, 2018): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5132/eec.2018.02.01.

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Betts, Kellyn S. "Technology Update: Software tackles sediment remediation." Environmental Science & Technology 32, no. 1 (January 1998): 21A—22A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es983360j.

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Reddy, KR, and PR Ala. "Electrokinetic Remediation of Contaminated Dredged Sediment." Journal of ASTM International 3, no. 6 (2006): 13344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jai13344.

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BANERJI, SHANKHA K. "Bioreactors for Soil and Sediment Remediation." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 829, no. 1 Bioremediatio (November 1997): 302–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48584.x.

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Sarkar, Binoy, Daniel C. W. Tsang, Hocheol Song, Shiming Ding, and Meththika Vithanage. "Technological innovation for soil/sediment remediation." Journal of Soils and Sediments 19, no. 12 (November 12, 2019): 3881–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11368-019-02503-3.

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Knox, A. S., and M. H. Paller. "Contaminants in Sediments - Remediation and Management." E3S Web of Conferences 1 (2013): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20130102003.

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Metals and organic contaminants are common in many marine and fresh water environments as a result of industrial and military activities. Traditional remediation/risk management options for sediments contaminated with these materials include no action, monitored natural recovery, institutional controls (land use restrictions, etc.), in situ treatment and management, and ex situ treatment and management. Active capping is a newer approach for treating contaminated sediments that involves applying chemically reactive amendments to the sediment surface. The mobile, soluble forms of contaminants are generally considered toxic. Induced chemical precipitation of these metals can shift toxic metals from the aqueous phase to a solid, precipitated phase which is often less bioavailable. This can be achieved through the application of sequestering agents such as rock phosphates, organoclays, zeolites, clay minerals, and biopolymers (e.g., chitosan) in active caps. Active caps can stabilize contaminants in contaminated sediments, lower the bioavailable pool of contaminants, and reduce the release of contaminants to the water column thereby providing an economical and effective alternative to traditional treatments.

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Ozaki, H., S. Taniguchi, R. Takanami, N. Shimomukai, T. Hamasaki, M. Sugahara, and R. R. Giri. "Quantification of dioxin in the sieved fraction of river sediment." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 9 (November 1, 2005): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0325.

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Dioxin pollution of aquatic sediments has been one of the important environmental problems in Japan. Grain size distribution and organic constituents may play important roles in dioxins contents in sediments, which have not been well investigated. This paper aims to quantify dioxins (PCDDs/Fs and co-PCBs) in sieved surface sediment fractions obtained from Kizu and Sumiyoshi Rivers in Osaka, Japan. The samples were prepared and analyzed following the ‘Manual of the Survey and Measurement of Dioxins in Sediment’ (Environment Agency of Japan, 2000). The results showed that TEQ concentrations of dioxins increased with decreasing grain size in sediment fractions. Sediment fractions with less than 20μm grain size showed the highest dioxin contents. Dioxins with five and six chlorine atoms dominated other congeners in less than 20μm fractions. The dioxin TEQ concentrations increased with total organic carbon (TOC), total carbon (TC), ignition loss (IL), total sulphur and nitrogen contents in the sediment fractions. Thus, reporting dioxin contents in sediments without considering grain size distribution may be erroneous, and conventional sedimentation and separation techniques might not be useful for treating contaminated sediments. This information can be useful for effective remediation of dioxin-contaminated sediments.

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Yin, Yue, Gaoyang Xu, Linlin Li, Chunlei Qiao, Yihua Xiao, Tao Ma, and Changqing Liu. "Removal of inorganic arsenic from aqueous solution by Fe-modified ceramsite: batch studies and remediation trials." Water Science and Technology 83, no. 7 (February 18, 2021): 1522–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.076.

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Abstract During sediment remediation, adsorbent addition is an effective technology for the removal of contaminants but the cost is often high. In this study, a low-cost adsorbent, ceramsite, made from contaminated riverbed sediment was synthesized. The Fe-modified ceramsite (FMC) was used as adsorbent to remove arsenate from aqueous solutions and reduce the inorganic arsenic release from contaminated sediments. Kinetic studies showed that chemisorption mainly governed the adsorption process while batch studies yielded the theoretical adsorption capacity for arsenate of 10.63 mg/g at pH = 7 condition. Co-existing anions and pH have no significant impact on the adsorption process. In the regeneration studies, 91, 86, and 80% of the adsorption capacity were recovered in 3 cycles. In-situ remediation trials revealed that the addition of the adsorbent to sediment surface significantly reduced the release of inorganic arsenic into aqueous system, with a reduction efficiency of 86%. Furthermore, the species of the arsenic in the surface layer was significantly inactivated from an active state to a stable state. These findings highlight the application of the FMC as a facile and cost-effective adsorbent for containment of arsenic in solutions and sediments, demonstrating that they are highly applicable for practical cases.

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Zarull, Michael A., John H. Hartig, and Gail Krantzberg. "Contaminated Sediment Remediation in the Laurentian Great Lakes: an Overview." Water Quality Research Journal 36, no. 3 (August 1, 2001): 351–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2001.021.

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Abstract Sediment contaminated with metals, persistent organic pollutants, nutrients and oxygen consuming substances can be found in many areas throughout the Great Lakes. However, the highest levels of sediment-associated contaminants and some of the worst manifestations of their resultant problems are found in the urban-industrial harbours, embayments and river mouths. Management options may include source control and natural recovery, removal and containment in a confined disposal facility or upland containment cell, removal and treatment, and in situ capping or treatment. Over the past 13 years (as of January 2000), over $580 million (U.S. and Canadian dollars combined) has been spent on 38 remediation projects in 19 separate areas. Not only have substantial resources been spent on sediment remediation, but the rate of expenditure has increased in recent years. In addition, substantially greater resources have been spent on pollution prevention and control of contaminants at their source as a prerequisite to sediment remediation. While most of the remediation has taken place as a result of regulatory actions, some has been the result of cooperative partnerships, demonstration projects and unilateral voluntary actions. In the future, cooperative agreements may be expected to play a greater role in resolving contaminated sediment problems.

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Dewees, Donald N., and Karl A. Schaefer. "Identifying and Assessing the Economic Benefits of Contaminated Aquatic Sediment Cleanup." Water Quality Research Journal 36, no. 3 (August 1, 2001): 413–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2001.025.

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Abstract A review of the literature indicates that there are very few quantitative analyses of the economic benefits associated with the cleanup of contaminated aquatic sediment. This is largely attributable to the paucity of post-project monitoring and therefore yields limited data on the link between sediment remediation and ecological benefits. Nevertheless, both the potential ecological and economic benefits are thought to be considerable. This paper identifies the types of potential economic benefits that may result from aquatic sediment remediation, assesses the utility of existing economic valuation tools for sediment cleanup specifically, highlights methodological challenges and identifies areas for further work.

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Ferdinandy-van Vlerken, Marijke M. A. "Chances for biological techniques in sediment remediation." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 6-7 (March 1, 1998): 345–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0771.

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Biological techniques can be applied in remediation of sediments contaminated with organic pollutants, such as mineral oil, PAH, PCB and chlorobenzenes. Within the period of 1989-1997 several techniques were developed from laboratory to full-scale. The chances for bioremediation lay in the relatively small environmental impact and the low costs of the techniques. Little energy is required, no emissions to soil or air occur and the natural structure of the sediments is not destroyed. The costs vary between 45 (landfarming) and 70 (reactors) Dutch Guilders per ton dry weight. The quality of the product to meet the legal standards for re-use was achieved for some, but not all, of the sediments. However, bioassays and leaching tests showed that bioremediation strongly reduces the ecotoxicity and dispersion risks of the material. Further research of the actual risks, accompanied by policy development of the standards for re-use, might increase the number of different types of sediments which can be successfully remediated by biotechnology.

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Pinto, Stephen. "Rock Bay Sediment Remediation Project – Stage 3." Journal of Environmental Solutions for Oil, Gas, and Mining 1, no. 2 (June 2015): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/2377-3545-1.2.44.

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Hall, J. A., and C. L. J. Frid. "Estuarine sediment remediation: Effects on benthic biodiversity." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 44 (January 1997): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-7714(97)80007-8.

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Amano, Y., K. Taki, K. Murakami, T. Ishii, and H. Matsushima. "Sediment Remediation for Ecosystem in Eutrophic Lakes." Scientific World JOURNAL 2 (2002): 885–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2002.156.

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The remediation method — namely, a hybrid system combined with DAF and CRM — is studied in this paper for the size reduction of aqua-ecological circulation and for the elution control in lakes. Results show that two effects on water quality purification, the sediment washout effect and the elution control effect, can be induced by this system, and the biota inhabiting the lake is therefore shifted into an oligotrophic aspect, from blue algae to green algae and/or diatoms.

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Peng, Jian-feng, Yong-hui Song, Peng Yuan, Xiao-yu Cui, and Guang-lei Qiu. "The remediation of heavy metals contaminated sediment." Journal of Hazardous Materials 161, no. 2-3 (January 2009): 633–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.04.061.

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Sbarbati, Chiara, Maurizio Barbieri, Alyssa Barron, Benjamin Bostick, Nicolò Colombani, Micòl Mastrocicco, Henning Prommer, Stefania Passaretti, Yan Zheng, and Marco Petitta. "Redox Dependent Arsenic Occurrence and Partitioning in an Industrial Coastal Aquifer: Evidence from High Spatial Resolution Characterization of Groundwater and Sediments." Water 12, no. 10 (October 20, 2020): 2932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102932.

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Superlative levels of arsenic (As) in groundwater and sediment often result from industrial pollution, as is the case for a coastal aquifer in Southern Italy, with a fertilizer plant atop. Understanding conditions under which As is mobilized from the sediments, the source of that As, is necessary for developing effective remediation plans. Here, we examine hydrogeological and geochemical factors that affect groundwater As concentrations in a contaminated coastal aquifer. Groundwater has been subject to pump-and-treat at a massive scale for more than 15 years and is still ongoing. Nevertheless, As concentrations (0.01 to 100 mg/L) that are four orders of magnitude more than Italian drinking water standard of 10 μg/L are still present in groundwater collected from about 50 monitoring wells over three years (2011, 2016, and 2018). As was quantified in three different locations by sequential extractions of 29 sediment cores in 2018 (depth 2.5 m to −16.5 m b.g.l.), combined with groundwater As composition, the aqueous and solid partitioning of As were evaluated by partition coefficient (Kd) in order to infer the evolution of the contaminant plumes. Most sediment As is found in easily extractable and/or adsorbed on amorphous iron oxides/hydroxides fractions based on sequential extractions. The study shows that As contamination persists, even after many years of active remediation due to the partitioning to sediment solids. This implies that the choice of remediation techniques requires an improved understanding of the biogeochemical As-cycling and high spatial resolution characterization of both aqueous and solid phases for sites of interest.

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Pourabadehei, Mehdi, and Catherine N. Mulligan. "Resuspension of sediment, a new approach for remediation of contaminated sediment." Environmental Pollution 213 (June 2016): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.082.

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Tomasevic, Dragana D., Milena B. Dalmacija, Miljana Dj Prica, Bozo D. Dalmacija, Djurdja V. Kerkez, Milena R. Bečelić-Tomin, and Srdjan D. Roncevic. "Use of fly ash for remediation of metals polluted sediment – Green remediation." Chemosphere 92, no. 11 (September 2013): 1490–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.03.063.

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Zhang, Zhongwei, Yubo Cui, Junwen Ma, Xuejun Zou, and Zhaobo Chen. "Analysis and Prospect of Treatment Measures for Black - odorous Water Sediment in China." E3S Web of Conferences 194 (2020): 04005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019404005.

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In recent years, black-odorous water bodies have been seriously polluted, and the release of endogenous pollution from sediments has once again caused harm to water bodies. How to deal with the black-odorous water sediment has become a widespread concern in the process of building ecological civilization . This article analyzes the sources, hazards, types, and treatment technologies of sediment pollution, including dredging and dredging technology, dredging and post-treatment technology, sediment cover technology, chemical agent dosing technology, microbial remediation technology, and aeration recovery oxygen technology, submerged phytoremediation technology and so on . The article gives suggestions and measures for the treatment of sediment from the aspects of external pollution control, implementation of measures according to local conditions, and development of new technologies.rocesses.

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Chapman, Peter M., Feiyue Wang, Colin Janssen, Guido Persoone, and Herbert E. Allen. "Ecotoxicology of metals in aquatic sediments: binding and release, bioavailability, risk assessment, and remediation." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 55, no. 10 (October 1, 1998): 2221–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f98-145.

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Major metal-binding phases in the aerobic layer of sediments are iron and manganese oxyhydroxides (FeOOH and MnOOH) and particulate organic carbon (POC). The acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) model proposed for predicting nontoxicity from metals-contaminated sediments is only applicable to anaerobic sediments. In other sediments, normalization by POC or FeOOH and MnOOH may be predictive, but binding constants are not well understood. Metal mobilization is enhanced by ligand complexation and oxidation of anaerobic sediments. Free metal ion is the most bioavailable species, but other labile metal species and nonchemical variables also determine metal bioavailability; biotic site binding models have shown promise predicting toxicity for systems of differing chemistry. Hazard identification and ecological risk assessment (ERA) depend on determining bioavailability, from water (overlying, interstitial) and food, which can be done prospectively (e.g., normalized sediment chemistry, laboratory bioassays) or retrospectively (e.g., in situ bioassays, field studies). ERA of sediment-bound metals requires primary emphasis on toxicity and consideration of the three separate transformation processes for metals in the aquatic environment, the differences between essential and nonessential metals, the complex interactions that control bioavailability, adaptation, which may occur relatively simply without appreciable cost to the organism, weight of evidence, and causality.

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Rajic, Ljiljana, Bozo Dalmacija, and Svetlana Ugarcina-Perovic. "Investigation of Ni and Cd electrokinetic removal from a sediment." Facta universitatis - series: Physics, Chemistry and Technology 10, no. 1 (2012): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fupct1201037r.

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In this paper we examine the efficacy of the enhanced electrokinetic remediation of a sediment from the Tamis River contaminated with Ni and Cd. The moving anode technique and an increased cathodic compartment length were simultaneously used to enhance the technique. The removal efficacy increase appeared after the enhanced treatment for Ni (23%) and Cd (73%). The increased cathodic compartment length successfully prevented OH- ions migration in the sediment. Finally, sediment classification according to different risk assessment methodologies indicates that further remediation is required even after the enhanced treatment. Here we indicate that enhanced electroremediation resulted in the removal of efficacy increase but it is highly influenced by sediment characteristics.

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Li, Zhengkai, Robert J. Downer, and Brian A. Wrenn. "Remediation of Floating Vegetable Oil Spills by Sedimentation Followed by Anaerobic Biodegradation." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2003, no. 1 (April 1, 2003): 387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2003-1-387.

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ABSTRACT Floating vegetable oil can be effectively removed from the water surface and the water column as negatively buoyant oil-mineral aggregates by addition of a dense mineral, such as clay. In bench-scale experiments, it is possible to remove virtually all of the floating oil by addition of a sufficiently large dose of clay (>10 g clay/g oil). Once present in the sediments, vegetable oil can be completely transformed to harmless end products (e.g., carbon dioxide and methane) by naturally occurring microbial populations. Transient production of toxic intermediates (probably free fatty acids), measured as a reduction in sediment EC50 using the Microtox Solid-Phase Test (SPT), was observed during anaerobic biodegradation. The EC50 is the sediment concentration required to reduce light emission by bioluminescent bacteria by 50%. Addition of amorphous ferric hydroxide as an alternative electron acceptor stimulated the rate of vegetable oil biodegradation, but had no effect on the Microtox EC50. Alternative factors, including clay and calcium, were tested for their ability to reduce the transient toxicity by reducing the bioavailability of the free fatty acids. Calcium, and especially calcium plus clay, reduced the rate and extent of vegetable oil biodegradation but had no effect on the sediment toxicity as measured by the Microtox SPT. Only oil biodegradation significantly reduced the sediment toxicity.

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Rivers, Ray. "Socio-Economics of Remediating Contaminated Sediment for the St. Clair River Area of Concern." Water Quality Research Journal 36, no. 3 (August 1, 2001): 377–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2001.023.

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Abstract Of the total amount of contaminated sediment in the upper stretch of the St. Clair River, there are approximately 4500 cubic meters of sediment contaminated by mercury and organic chemicals that represent five of the remaining seven impaired uses in the St. Clair River Area of Concern. This material is the result of industrial pollution over a number of years in the Sarnia, Ontario, “Chemical Valley” and has most likely entered the St. Clair River via a surface drain passing through an industrial landfill. Scientific studies indicate that the contaminated material is constantly migrating downstream and has a potential for significant releases from large vessel traffic propeller wash or ice action. This paper examines two remediation options in the light of the potential benefits from a cleanup of the contaminated sediments. While not a typical benefit-cost analysis, this study explores the relationship between remediation and the social and economic benefits associated with “delisting” of the St. Clair River as an Area of Concern. The study has implications for other Areas of Concern that have sediment-related problems and require remedial action to meet the goals of the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement.

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Urbaniak, Wyrwicka, Siebielec, Siebielec, Kidd, and Zieliński. "The Application of Different Biological Remediation Strategies to PCDDs/PCDFs Contaminated Urban Sediments." Water 11, no. 10 (September 20, 2019): 1962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11101962.

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Our aim was to assess the efficacy of four different bioremediation strategies applied to soil treated with urban sediments for alleviating soil phytotoxicity (examined using Lepidium sativum), by removing polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and mitigating the toxic effect on plants by the applied sediment: (1) Natural attenuation, (2) phytoremediation with the use of two plants Tagetes patula L. and Festuca arundinacea, (3) rhizobacterial inoculation with Massilia niastensis p87 and Streptomyces costaricanus RP92 strains, (4) rhizobacteria-assisted phytoremediation with both plants and strains. The applied sediment had a positive influence on L. sativum growth (90% higher than in the unamended soil), mostly due to its high content of nutrients, mainly Ca and Fe, which immobilize pollutants. The positive effect of sediments continued for up to 10-week duration of the experiment; however, the rhizobacterial inoculated samples were characterized by higher growth of L. sativum. The application of rhizobacteria-assisted phytoremediation further increased the growth of L. sativum, and was also found to improve the efficiency of PCDD/PCDF removal, resulting in a maximum 44% reduction of its content. This strategy also alleviated the negative impact of urban sediments on T. patula and F. arundinacea biomass, and had a beneficial effect on protein and chlorophyll content in the studied plants.

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Hakstege, A. L., and L. A. van Geldermalsen. "Pilot remediation of sediment from the petroleum harbour in Amsterdam." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 6-7 (March 1, 1998): 403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0778.

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The Petroleum harbour project is the third pilot remediation, which was carried out within the framework of POSW (the national development programme for treatment processes of polluted sediments). The main objectives of the pilot remediation are:– to demonstrate the biological treatment of dredged materials on a practical scale;– to gain knowledge and experience for the future remediation of the total Petroleum harbour. A strict tender procedure was carefully executed in order to select the most effective and ‘state of the art’ biodegradation technology. The selected remediation chain was a combination of ‘standard’ soil treatment technology and newly developed biotechnology. The contaminated sediments were separated by hydrocyclones, then the sand fraction was cleaned by froth flotation, and the fines were treated in a continuous flow reactor consisting of a cascade of 4 bioreactor tanks. A belt press was used for dewatering the fines. Dredging, biotechnological treatment and the effects of the remediation on the environment were monitored in detail. The quality of the treated sand fraction complied with the Dutch standards for re- use and was actually applied in a project of Rijkswaterstaat. Biodegradation resulted in a substantial decrease of the oil and PAH's contents, but due to the lack of breakdown of a few high-molecular PAH's, the quality requirements of the contract were not achieved. For less heavily polluted sediments and soils the applied biotechnology may be more effective. The results of the project show that biodegradation in bioreactors on a large scale is feasible. Furthermore useful information was gathered for the future remediation of the Petroleum harbour. It is concluded that the two main objectives of the project have been attained. Finally some recommendations for the future clean-up of the Petroleum harbour are given.

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Pasciucco, Francesco, Isabella Pecorini, Simona Di Gregorio, Fabiano Pilato, and Renato Iannelli. "Recovery Strategies of Contaminated Marine Sediments: A Life Cycle Assessment." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 30, 2021): 8520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158520.

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This study performed a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) on recovery strategies of dredged contaminated marine sediments in a large Mediterranean port located in central Italy (Tuscany) in order to find the most environmentally sound solution. The study considered marine sediments polluted by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and/or organic compounds, two different sediment particle sizes and the combined use of three soil remediation technologies: soil washing, electrokinetic treatment and enhanced landfarming. The analyzed scenarios depended on the sediment properties and characteristics of the treatment technologies investigated, and were compared with the corresponding reference scenarios, consisting of the landfilling of dredged contaminated sediments. The LCA results show that scenarios associated with sediment recovery generated potential environmental impacts lower than the corresponding reference scenarios. Almost all the impact categories considered in the CML-IA baseline method showed an environmental convenience in the recovery of contaminated sediments, especially for abiotic depletion and global warming. Future studies should focus on optimizing the combined use of multiple technologies and reducing the resource consumptions related to their implementation in order to achieve both environmental and economic benefits.

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Hauge, Audun, Roger M. Konieczny, Per Ø. Halvorsen, and Arild Eikum. "Remediation of contaminated sediments in Oslo harbour, Norway." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 6-7 (March 1, 1998): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0765.

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During the past 60-70 years, contaminated sediments from local rivers have been settling in the harbour basin of Oslo. This contamination, combined with that from other harbour activities, has developed into a serious pollution problem with both organic and inorganic contaminants. Since 1992 dredging activities have been restricted until the effect of dredging was determined and a safe disposal was found for the sediments. Because of this restriction, a conflict situation arose in terms of decreasing sailing depths, and dispersal of large quantities of contaminated sediments into the water column each day from ship traffic. A complete plan of action to remediate Oslo Harbour was started in 1994 and delivered to the State Pollution Control Authority (SFT) in August 1996. An evaluation of environmental risks connected to the remediation work has been carried out along with the determination of the requirements for the monitoring programme during and after the work. Preliminary evaluation of dredging techniques indicates that mechanic/hydraulic equipment will cause the least dispersion of sediment. Several options for treatment of the sediments have been evaluated. Study results point out that conditioning prior to disposal of the sediments in a confined disposal site in the harbour area, is the most cost effective solution. Seven disposal sites with a capacity of 0.5 mill. m3 have been identified. Two of the sites are integrated with a subsea road tunnel crossing the harbour basin. The other disposal sites will serve as new dock area after closure.

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42

Lens, P., T. Grotenhuis, G. Malina, and H. Tabak. "Soil and Sediment Remediation - Mechanisms, Technologies and Applications." Water Intelligence Online 4 (December 30, 2015): 9781780402697. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781780402697.

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43

Chung, HI, GC Sills, and M. Kamon. "Electrokinetically Enhanced Settlement and Remediation of Contaminated Sediment." Journal of ASTM International 3, no. 6 (2006): 13307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jai13307.

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44

Blazquez, Carola A., Teresa M. Adams, and Philip Keillor. "Optimization of Mechanical Dredging Operations for Sediment Remediation." Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering 127, no. 6 (December 2001): 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-950x(2001)127:6(299).

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Tandiarrang, J., K. Mustari, and N. L. Nafie. "Remediation of mine acid water using mangrove sediment." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 473 (May 14, 2020): 012122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/473/1/012122.

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Hamblin, Paul F., David Z. Zhu, Fausto Chiocchio, Cheng He, and Murray N. Charlton. "Monitoring suspended sediment plumes by optical and acoustical methods with application to sand capping." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 27, no. 1 (February 15, 2000): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l99-059.

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There is a need to rapidly survey plumes of suspended sediment and to determine the quantity and transport of disturbed material that might arise from industrial and remedial activities in lakes and harbours. The example of sand capping of contaminated bottom sediments is used to illustrate the methodology. Capping of contaminated bottom sediments is one strategy for immobilizing contaminants. In a pilot-scale project, a 0.34 m thick cap of clean sand was deposited over a one hectare area in Hamilton Harbour. The objective of this study was to determine if in-place sediments could be disturbed by the capping operation. In the first of three approaches, the suspended sediment plumes created during the capping operation were monitored for evidence of suspension of bottom materials with underwater acoustic and optical profilers and other moored instruments. In-lake calibration of the instrumentation was based on the collection of over 300 grab samples. Three-dimensional rendering of a dense network of acoustic backscatter profiles revealed that there was no evidence that bottom sediment was resuspended. The density current flowing downslope close to the bottom caused by the capping material was examined and found too weak to erode bottom sediments. Finally, a quantitative estimation of the amount of sediment suspended in the plumes indicated little evidence for resuspension of in-place sediments. The methodology developed could also be applied to estimate the concentration and quantities of contaminants in sediments suspended by other remedial activities such as dredging. Key words: suspended sediment plumes, underwater acoustics, optical measurements, sediment remediation, harbours, lakes.

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Che, Lin, Wenbiao Jin, Xu Zhou, Chenbo Cao, Wei Han, Changlei Qin, Renjie Tu, Yidi Chen, Xiaochi Feng, and Qilin Wang. "Biological Reduction of Organic Matter in Buji River Sediment (Shenzhen, China) with Artificial Oxygenation." Water 12, no. 12 (December 21, 2020): 3592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12123592.

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In this work, artificial oxygenation treatment (pure oxygen aeration or oxygen enriched water injection) combined with the introduction of exogenous microorganisms was employed to purify urban river sediment for the first time. Results showed that the developed in situ remediation strategy could increase the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) value of the sediments. Benefiting from the increase of DO concentration, the bacterial diversity was enhanced. The highest removal efficiencies of organic matter were 18.4% and 22.3% through pure oxygen aeration and oxygen enriched water injection, respectively. More importantly, overlying water quality was not affected. By comparison, oxygen enriched water injection treatment could achieve better performance on sediment purification. Introducing exogenous microorganisms further reduced the organic matter content of the sediment. In short, the current work not only proposed a promising strategy for controlling urban river sediment pollution, but also provided novel insight for the understanding of river sediment containing highly concentrated organic matter.

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Chen, Chuan Min, Xuan Liu, Tao Chen, and Song Tao Liu. "The Detection and Remediation Technologies of PCB-Contaminated Soils." Applied Mechanics and Materials 768 (June 2015): 212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.768.212.

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are the organic pollutants that of persistence, fat soluble and character such as biological toxicity, widely distributed. It also showed a highly persistent in the environment, strong enrichment and high biological toxicity, having the serious harm to human health and ecological environment. The final destination of PCBs in the environmental system is soil and sediment due to its highly distribution coefficient between sediment and water. PCBs in soil is difficult to decompose and has strong adsorption. Therefore, the detection and remediation of PCBs in soil is very critical. PCBSin soil detection technologies becoming matured at present. Such as dual column gas chromatography analysis method, GC – MS, enzyme immunoassay for PCBs detecting have been widely used. Low cost, high resolution and high accuracy detection technology has been more and more attention. For the remediation technologies of contaminated soils, chemical remediation, bioremediation technologies developed fast. Efficient, economic and environmental multiple remediation method, such as elution pretreatment on contaminated soil, combination of multiple remediation techniques are the development direction of the future. Based on the analysis on detection and remediation technologies of PCBs in soil. The principle and suitable condition of different detection methods and remediation technologies of PCBs in soil was studied in this paper. To provide technical support to remediation the PCB-contaminated soils.

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da Silva, Marcio Luis Busi, Marcos Felipe Wendt, José Carlos Silveira de Oliveira, and Marcio Roberto Schneider. "In situ source zone sediment mixing coupled to groundwater biostimulation to enhance phenol natural attenuation." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 1 (July 1, 2012): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.149.

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Phenol is an industrially key compound that has a wide range of applications and also one of the most commonly found toxic pollutants in wastewaters and groundwater. This paper demonstrates the applicability of in situ remediation at a deactivated industrial site using source zone excavation and sediment mixing associated with nutrients delivery into groundwater. Sediment excavation and mixing displaced the entrapped source zone enhancing mass transfer into groundwater and contaminant bioavailability. A nutrient solution prepared with nitrate, phosphate, sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide was continuously delivered into groundwater to stimulate biodegradation and restrict plume migration. The observed correlation between phenol-dependent Enterobacteriaceae concentrations throughout the remediation time frame supported circumstantial evidence of biodegradation. Phenol concentration in groundwater (up to 1,300 mg/L) was reduced >99% after 5 months following remediation and remained under the established site specific target level (4 mg/L). Nitrate and phosphate concentrations returned to background concentrations levels at the end of the remediation. Overall, the proposed in situ remediation scheme was effective to remediate this particular aquifer contaminated with phenol for over 20 years.

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Forsythe, K. Wayne, Danielle E. Ford, Chris H. Marvin, Richard R. Shaker, Michael W. MacDonald, and Ryan Wilkinson. "Multivariable 3D Geovisualization of Historic and Contemporary Lead Sediment Contamination in Lake Erie." Pollutants 1, no. 1 (February 21, 2021): 29–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pollutants1010004.

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Lead sediment contamination in Lake Erie stems from a long history of natural and synthetic resource production. Sediment samples with variable sampling densities were collected by the Canada Centre for Inland Waters in 1971, 1997/1998, and 2014. The kriging interpolation method was used to create continuous sediment contamination surfaces for time/space comparisons. Change detection analyses identified an overall decreasing trend in high lead pollution levels from 1971 to 2014, while sediments with the lowest concentrations increased in surface area. Lake-wide circulation patterns and bathymetric data were added to interpolated contamination surfaces to enhance the understanding of interrelated hydrodynamic processes and geophysical features in the movement of contaminated sediments. Utilizing visualization tools in Esri’s ArcScene, bathymetric data were employed to enhance the geographic context of contamination maps. The physical barriers to sediment transportation created by bathymetric features can be visualized in three-dimensions. Elevated features between lake basins are easily recognized as impedances to lake currents when circulation directions are draped over the bathymetric model. By using illumination tools and techniques, geovisualizations of lead sediment contamination throughout Lake Erie create a scientific communication tool for a wide audience to use in multiple-criteria decision making for environmental remediation of sediment contamination.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Sediment remediation'

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