Journal articles on the topic 'SEDIMENT POLLUTION INDEX'
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Qiu, Ji Cai. "The Contamination Status of Heavy Metal in the Sediment of Beng River and the Protection for the Ecological Safety Engineering." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 1809–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.1809.
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To find out the heavy metal pollution condition from the Beng River sediment, we see the region from Beng River Rubber Dam to the Yimeng Road Bridge as research object.We monitored and surveyed on the three kinds of metal components (Cu, Zn, Cd) in the sediments from eight sectionsthe. With reference to the relevant domestic standards, we established sediment pollution evaluation criteria suitable for the region., We conducted the evaluation of ecological risk and pollution levels with the detection results by standard index of the potential ecological risk index and Nemerow France France. The results showed that: the heavy metals ecological risk index in Sediment from Beng River Rubber Dam to the Yimeng Road bridge section, Nemerow pollution index was 6.95, It was heavily polluted. This showed that the heavy metals in river sediment pollution was very serious.
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Esmaeilzadeh, Marjan, Elham Mahmoudpuor, Somayeh Haghighat, Sara Esmaeilzadeh, Hamide Aliani, and Najmeh Yazdanfar. "Contamination and ecological risk assessment of trace elements in sediments of the Anzali Wetland, Northern Iran." Water Science and Technology 84, no. 9 (October 18, 2021): 2578–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.455.
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Abstract In this paper, concentrations of some heavy metals in surficial sediments of the International Anzali Wetland were measured, this wetland is located in the northern part of Iran. Sediment pollution levels were examined and analyzed using reliable pollution indices including Pollution Load Index (PLI), Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo) and Enrichment Factor (CF), and finally it was revealed that heavy metal pollution ranged from low to moderate loads in the wetland. According to Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs) and Ecological Risk Index (ERI), it was concluded that As and Ni may have significant toxic impacts on aquatic organisms and also according to Effect Range Median (ERM), the toxicity probability of sediments in the Anzali wetland was estimated at 21%.
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C., Kougblenou, Atinkpahoun C., Saizonou M., Youssao A., and Soclo H. "STUDY OF CONTAMINATION BY METALLIC ELEMENTS IN COASTAL SEDIMENTS: CASE OF THE COTONOU CHANNEL." International Journal Of Advanced Research 10, no. 04 (April 28, 2022): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/14529.
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Coastal aquatic ecosystems are environments increasingly affected by human activities due to urban discharges and their use as dumps. The objective of this study is to determine the profiles of metallic elements concentration (Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb) of Cotonou channel sediments and to evaluate their quality. For this, surface sediments (0-5cm) were sampled at 13 sites along the channel. Thus,Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), Enrichment Factor (EF) and Sediment Pollution Index (SPI) were calculated to assess the chemical quality of these sediments. The metal contents of the sediments follow the following order of abundance: Fe >Al>Mn> Zn >Cr>Cu > Co> Ni >Pb> As> Cd. The Igeo geo-accumulation index and the Enrichment Factor FE reveal moderate polymetallic contamination by several elements. The results show Fe, Co, and Ni being the most concerning. As for the Sediment Pollution Index (SPI), it reports low, moderate and high pollution of sediments.
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Wang, Cong, Kan Wang, Wuquan Zhou, Yong Li, Guoqing Zou, and Zhi Wang. "Occurrence, Risk, and Source of Heavy Metals in Lake Water Columns and Sediment Cores in Jianghan Plain, Central China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 4 (February 19, 2023): 3676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043676.
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Heavy metal pollution in lakes is an issue that endangers ecosystems worldwide; however, the vertical properties of heavy metals in the water columns and sediment cores of lakes have been rarely evaluated simultaneously. This study revealed the pollution, risks, and sources of heavy metals from surface water to deep sediments in four typical shallow lakes located in central China. The results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals, except Hg, had insignificant stratification in the water column. Heavy metals had three vertical profiles in sediment cores, i.e., the concentrations of As, Hg, Cd, Pb, and Mn in the surface sediment (0–9 cm) were higher than that in the bottom sediment (9–45 cm) (p < 0.05), the concentrations of Cr, Co, Fe, and Ni in the bottom sediment were higher than the surface sediment (p < 0.05), and the concentrations of Cu and Zn had no significant stratification. The Nemerow pollution index showed that heavy metal pollution dominated by Hg reached slight–moderate levels, and had higher levels in surface water than that in bottom water (p < 0.05). The Nemerow integrated risk index showed that the heavy metals had moderate–extreme potential ecological risks (Cd contributed 43.4%) in the sediments, and the ecological risk in surface sediment was significantly higher than that in bottom sediment (p < 0.01). Principal component analysis revealed that agriculture, transportation, and chemical industry were the major sources of heavy metals in water and surface sediments, while agriculture and steel-making were the primary sources in bottom sediments. This study provides valuable data and insight for the control of heavy metal pollution in lakes with high human activity loads.
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Mohiuddin, KM, MM Alam, Istiaq Ahmed, and AK Chowdhury. "Heavy metal pollution load in sediment samples of the Buriganga river in Bangladesh." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 13, no. 2 (July 20, 2016): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v13i2.28784.
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A study was conducted to assess the level of Cr, Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn contamination in the sediment samples of the Buriganga river, at the Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Total 14 sediment samples were collected from different areas of upstream of the Buriganga river. The mean concentrations of total Cr, Pb, Cd, Ni, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn in the sediment samples were 173.4, 31.4, 1.5, 153.3, 481.8, 344.2, 12989 and 4036 ?g g-1, respectively. The range of pH and EC of sediment were 5.87-8.21 and 230-707 ?S cm-1, respectively. The mean value of organic matter in sediment samples was 13.4%. Heavy metal concentrations in sediment were compared with geochemical background and standard values, previous report on the Buriganga river and other rivers in Bangladesh. The average concentration of Cr, Pb and Ni in sediments of the Buriganga river is almost twice of the geochemical background i.e. average worldwide shale standard and continental upper crust value, Cd and Zn is about five times and Cu content is about ten times higher than the geochemical background values. Average concentration of Cr, Cu and Ni exceeded the severe effect level (SEL) values, where as Pb, Cd and Zn exceeded toxicity reference values (TRV). However, the concentration of heavy metal in the sediment samples of the Buriganga river for the year 2009 of the same river reported by corresponding author was relatively higher than this study average. The average Enrichment factors (EFc) for Zn, Cu, Mn and Cd reflects extremely contaminated pollution level which implies that these metals originated from point source of pollution and very severely enriched in river sediments. The pollution load index (PLI) of sediments of the studied region varied from 1.61-7.51. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) for Cu of five locations was greater than 3.0, which exhibited strongly polluted sediment quality. The Igeo for Mn in 11 locations and Zn in 12 sites were greater than 1.0, indicated moderately polluted sediment quality. Heavy metal pollution intensity in the Buriganga river water and sediments signaled alarming condition for city dwellers and aquatic ecosystem of the river. Sustainable steps and continuous monitoring on pollution prevention and cleanup operation is suggested to minimize pollution.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 13(2): 229-238, December 2015
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Song, Yu Jia, and Hui Qing Liu. "Distribution of Heavy Metals in Urban Gully and their Pollution Assessment." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 2977–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.2977.
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Set 5 sample sections in a certain gully area in the tributary of Iton River from upstream to downstream of Changchun city, which locates in the northern part of China, then respectively collect sediments and soils which are proximal and distal away from the river bank, test the heavy metal content of Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb and conduct pollution assessment. The result shows that: the content of Zn in sediment is in the state of light pollution, Cu has an obvious accumulated tendency, Pb，Cd are basically in a state of local background value. Therefore, the pollution index of sediment is in a state of slightly pollution, the proximal bank-side is in the safe state, while the distal bank-side is in a state of alert. The main reasons that cause heavy metals pollution and accumulation are traffic and agricultural pollutions.
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Pan, Hanjiang, Guohua Zhou, Rong Yang, Zhizhong Cheng, and Binbin Sun. "Heavy Metals and As in Ground Water, Surface Water, and Sediments of Dexing Giant Cu-Polymetallic Ore Cluster, East China." Water 14, no. 3 (January 25, 2022): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14030352.
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Heavy metals and As (HMs) pollution in mining areas are a widespread environmental concern. In this study, ground water, surface water, and sediment samples around the Dexing area, one of the largest Cu-polymetallic ore clusters in China, were collected to examine the concentrations and distributions of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn. Pollution indices, geo-accumulation index, and potential ecological risk index were used to estimate the pollution characteristics and ecological risk of HMs. The results show that the major pollutants in the surface water were Cd, Cu, Zn, and Pb, while the dominant ecological risk of HMs in the sediments originated from Cu, As, Hg, and Cd. Moreover, HMs in the surface water and sediments exhibited substantial spatial heterogeneity in the study area, indicating a severely disturbed environment due to mining activities. The proportions of HM pollutions were higher in the Dexing River and its tributaries than in the Le’an River and its tributaries. The surface water pollution was predominant at the tributaries closest to the mine area, while the sediment contamination has been expanded several kilometers downstream of the major rivers. Overall, the ecological risk of HMs was higher in the sediments than in the surface water.
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Edward, Edward. "Penilaian pencemaran logam berat dalam sedimen di Teluk Jakarta." Depik 9, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.13170/depik.9.3.16800.
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Contamination and pollution of heavy metals in the bottom sediment can pose serious issues to marine organisms and human health. Jakarta Bay which is located adjacent to the capital city of Indonesia is notorious for its pollution problems. The purpose of this research was to assest the contamination levels of heavy metals Hg, Pb, and Cd in sea-bottom sediments based on an index analysis approach (contamination factors, geo accumulation index, pollution load index). Sediment samples were collected from 31 stations in Jakarta Bay. Heavy metal concentration was measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results showed that an average mercury (Hg) concentration ranged from 0.150 to 0.530 µg.g-1 with an total average of 0.362 µg.g-1, Lead (Pb) from 14.870 to 35.650 µg.g-1 with an total average of 21.774 µg.g-1, Cadmium (Cd) 0.110-0.280 µg.g-1 with an total average of 0.190 µg.g-1.The average concentration of Hg, Pb, and Cd is still lower than the sediment quality threshold values set by the Office of the State Minister of Environment of Indonesia 2010. The results of the index analysis showed that the average value of contamination factor (CF) are Hg 0.685, Pb 0.558, and Cd 0.380 respectively (low contamination) and geo accumulation index values are Hg 0.237, Pb -1.655, and Cd 0.069 respectively (unpolluted to moderate polluted). Overall, based on the pollution load index value is -0,511 (PLI 1), sediments in these waters are categorized as not yet polluted by Hg, Pb and Cd. This situation is so necessary to be maintained, that in order for the preservation of marine resources will remain.Keywords: Jakarta Bay, sediment, pollution, heavy metals, assessmentABSTRAKKontaminasi dan pencemaran logam berat pada sedimen dasar dapat menimbulkan masalah yang serius bagi biota laut dan kesehatan manusia. Teluk Jakarta yang terletak berdekatan dengan ibu kota Indonesia terkenal karena masalah pencemarannya yang parah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai tingkat kontaminasi logam berat Hg, Pb dan Cd dalam sedimen dasar laut berdasarkan pendekatan analisis indeks. Contoh sedimen diambil dari 31 stasiun penelitian di Teluk Jakarta. Kadar logam berat diukur dengan alat Spektrofometer Penyerapan Atom. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar Hg rerata berkisar 0,150-0,530 µg. g-1 dengan rerata total 0,362 µg. g-1, Timbal (Pb) 14,870-35,650 µg. g-1 dengan rerata total 21,774 µg. g-1, Kadmium (Cd) 0,110-0,280 µg. g-1 dengan rerata total 0,190 µg.g-1. Kadar rerata Hg, Pb dan Cd masih lebih rendah dari nilai ambang batas kualitas sedimen yang ditetapkan oleh Kantor Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia 2010. Hasil analisis indeks menunjukkan nilai rerata faktor kontaminasi (CF) berturut-turut adalah Hg 0,685, Pb 0,352 dan Cd 0,380 (kontaminasi rendah) dan nilai indeks geo akumulasi berturut-turut adalah Hg 0,227, Pb 1,098 dan Cd 0,633 (tidak tercemar sampai tercemar sedang). Secara keseluruhan, berdasarkan nilai indeks beban pencemaran yakni -3.772 (PLI 1), sedimen di perairan ini termasuk kategori belum tercemar oleh Hg, Pb dan Cd. Keadaan ini perlu dipertahankan, agar kelestarian sumberdaya laut tetap terjaga.Kata kunci: Teluk Jakarta, sedimen, pencemaran, logam berat, penilaian
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Et al., Issa. "Evaluation of Some Trace Elements Pollution in Sediments of the Tigris River in Wasit Governorate, Iraq." Baghdad Science Journal 17, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 0009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2020.17.1.0009.
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The main objectives of present study are to evaluate the trace elements pollution in the sediment of the Tigris River and drainage canals in Wasit Governorate, Iraq. Assessment of trace elements pollutants were conducted for 18 sediment samples collected in March 2017. Trace elements were analyzed in sediment Tigris River samples in Wasit Governorate. This metal pollution was evaluated using geo-accumulation (I-geo) index, Contamination Factor (CF) and Pollution Load Index (PLI). According to these statistical indices, the sediments collected from Tigris River in the study area are highly polluted with Titanium (71.9 ppm), Nickel (226.6 ppm) Chromium (425.2 ppm), Cadmium (2ppm) and Molybdenum (15.8 ppm) while the sediments were moderately polluted with Cobalt (25.1 ppm), Strontium (839.3 ppm), Copper (56.2), Manganese (106.1ppm), Vanadium (135 ppm), Niobium (9.79 ppm). However, the sediments of the Tigris River is not polluted by Lead, Barium, Gallium, Rubidium and, Zinc. Metals concentration levels in the sediments of the drainage canals that discharged into the Tigris River showed higher concentrations than the Tigris sediments in Ta, V, Ni, Cu, Ga, Br, Sr and Mo.
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Akesh, Ammar Ashour. "ANALYTICAL STUDY FOR HEAVY METALS POLLUTION IN SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT FOR SELECTED RIVERS OF BASRAH GOVERNORATE." Kufa Journal of Engineering 8, no. 2 (July 17, 2017): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30572/2018/kje/821165.
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Concentration of 2 heavy metals; lead and mercury (Pb and Hg) in rivers and sediments soil were studied at different sites in Basrah. In this study, the effect of lead and mercury pollutions is studied together with determining their locations in the surface water and sediments at some areas in the South of Iraq (Basrah Governorate) particularly in the upper areas of the Arabian Gulf and in its northern part. These seven locations are: Qurnah, Madinah, Deir, Ashar, Abo Al–Khasib, Zubair and Um Qasir. The effect of the lead and mercury concentration on surface water and sediments analysed during 2014-2015 quarterly. Standardized method have been followed in analysing and comparison the surface water standards and sediment soil just to determine the percentage of lead and mercury pollution and assesse the values with standard pollution index. Overall concentrations of Pb in the rivers ranged from 0.44-4.5 mg/l for surface water and soil sediment samples ranged from 0.0-7.36 mg/kg, and for Hg in the rivers from 0.0003-0.006 mg/l and soil sediment samples ranged from 0.0005-0.009 mg/kg. The concentration of heavy metals in the surface water and soil display the following decreasing trend: Pb>Hg. From this result, found that levels of heavy metal in surface water and soil near industrial areas give higher value compared with other locations in Basrah. The Pollution index revealed that Pb and Hg give low contamination. The highest concentrations values are recorded in Abo Al-Khasib (7.63 ppm) for the underground sediments, the lowest concentrations values are recorded in Madina for the depth sediments. The highest concentrations are recorded in Al-Deer (0.009 ppm) for the mercury pollution. Results of combined heavy metal concentration and heavy metal assessment indicate that industrial activities and traffic emission represent most important sources for Hg and Pb. The pollution Index were calculated for the two pollutants concentrations at the rivers and soils.
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Ling, S. Y., A. Junaidi, A. Mohd Harun, and M. Baba. "Geochemical Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Coastal Sediment Cores from Usukan Beach, Kota Belud, Sabah, Malaysia." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2314, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2314/1/012008.
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Abstract This article discussed on the status of heavy metals (As, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) pollution in coastal sediment cores and assess the sediment quality from Usukan Beach, Kota Belud. Several geochemical parameter analyses such as pH, moisture content (MC), organic matter (OM) and granulometric size were performed to identify the physico-chemical properties of sediments that affect the assessment of metal pollution. Heavy metals in the sediment samples were extracted using aqua regia methods and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) were employed for determination of heavy metals in extracted sediment solutions. The results show that the coastal sediment changes from acidic to alkaline when heading from inland to seaward direction, with an average pH of 5.6-8.5. The moisture content and organic matter fluctuate from low to moderately high, within the range of 4.9-21.9% and 0.30-6.73%, respectively. The coastal sediments are dominated by a sandy texture near the marine environment and change to sandy loam and sandy clay loam when heading toward the inland. The hierarchical average metal concentration shows Fe>Mn>Ni>Cr>Zn>Cu>Pb>As. Sediment quality assessment is evaluated based on the sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) and from the pollution indices such as geoaccumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), modified degree of contamination (mCd) and pollution load index (PLI). The results indicated the sediment has only low degree of contamination by anthropogenic sources and the current status of the study area is safe from pollution.
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Bhuyan, Rajashree, Pinki Brahma, Mayuri Chabukdhara, Neha Tyagi, Sanjay Kumar Gupta, and Tabarak Malik. "Heavy metals contamination in sediments of Bharalu river, Guwahati, Assam, India: A tributary of river Brahmaputra." PLOS ONE 18, no. 4 (April 5, 2023): e0283665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283665.
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This study aimed to assess heavy metals in the surface sediments of the Bharalu river, India. Metal concentrations ranged from 6.65−54.6 mg/kg for Ni, 25.2−250.0 mg/kg for Zn, 83.3−139.1 mg/kg for Pb, and 11940.0−31250.0 mg/kg for Fe. The level of metal contamination was assessed using sediment quality guidelines, geo-accumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), pollution Load Index (PLI),Nemerow’s pollution index (PIN), and potential ecological risk index. Pb exceeded the sediment quality guidelines at all sites indicating a potential threat to the river ecosystem. (Igeo) and EF also showed moderate to severe enrichment for Pb. Potential ecological risk (RI) showed low risk in the sediments, and Pb is the major contributor to ecological risk. Overall, pollution indices revealed comparably higher contamination of the sediments in the downstream sites than in the upstream site. PCA and correlation matrix analysis indicated both anthropogenic and natural origins for metals. Among anthropogenic sources, urban discharges and waste dumping could be mainly attributed to metal contamination in the river sediments. These findings may aid in developing future river management methods explicitly aimed at tackling heavy metal pollution to prevent further damage to the river ecosystem.
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Lasumin, Nazerita, Khairul Nizam Mohamed, and Ferdaus Mohamat Yusuff. "Vertical Distributions of Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu at Tropical Coastal Sediments: In Case of West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia." Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 38, no. 6 (December 30, 2022): 1514–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/380625.
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The level and pollution status of Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu in sediment cores of Bagan Pasir estuary, Sungai Buloh estuary, and the coastline of Port Dickson was assessed. Based on the vertical profiles of metals concentrations, the order of metals’ concentration in decreasing manner was Zn>Pb>Cu>Cd at Bagan Pasir and Sungai Buloh stations, while Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd at Port Dickson station. Most of the analyzed metals were below the Interim Sediment Quality Guidelines and the effect range-low (ERL) at all sampling stations. The results of geo-accumulation index, contamination factor and pollution load index classified the sediments quality as unpolluted with studied metals with the exception of the element Pb at certain depths of the sediment cores as well as historical pollution at bottom sediment at Sungai Buloh station. Therefore, metal concentrations in the sediments of these stations were not at an alarming stage, however, requires regular monitoring from the authorities to maintain sustainable management of these areas especially at Sungai Buloh due to anthropogenic activities.
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Haeruddin, Haeruddin, Supriharyono Supriharyono, Abdul Ghofar, and Arif Rahman. "The Integrated Quality Analysis of Sediment on BanjirKanal Barat River as the Basis of River Environment Management." Current World Environment 14, no. 3 (December 12, 2019): 463–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.14.3.14.
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There have been many studies on the pollution status of Banjir Kanal Barat (BKB) River; however, many of them are limited to the concentration of metals in the river water and their biodiversity of water biota, and partial analysis. The study aims to analyse the metal concentration in BKB river sediment, its toxic to water biota and the effect on the abundance and diversity of macrozoobenthos. The evaluation of pollution status is conducted with three components integrated approach. The sediments were collected from three sampling stations with three replications. While the community observation included abundance, diversity, evenness and dominance of macrozoobenthos. Toxicity testing had been carried out to observe the inhibition of the growth of Chlorella sp algae in pore water sediments and failure reburial of blood clams into the substrate/sediment. While the evaluation of pollution status was conducted in an integrated three components approach. The results showed that the concentrations of various metals in the sediment were varied. The concentration of metals in sediments were still within natural limits and identical to the reference station that was not polluted. The types of macrozoobenthos were found about nine genera with varying in abundance, diversity index, evenness index, and dominance index. The abundance, diversity index, evenness index, dominance index of macrozoobenthos at all stations were still identical with reference stations, which known was not polluted. Although pore water sediments and sediments from various stations caused inhibition of the growth of Chlorella sp and the failure reburial of blood clams, statistically analysis was not significantly different from the reference station. Overall it can be stated that the sediment quality in those three stations was still excellent, however, they need to be maintained.
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Helfinalis, Edward, M. J. Rugebregt, and F. Budiyanto. "The impact of mining activities on sediment quality in the seafloor around Southeast of Sulawesi." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1118, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1118/1/012053.
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Abstract Research of heavy metals content in sediments was carried out in April 2006 on the bottom sea of Buton, Kabaena, and Muna islands. This study was aimed to determine the content of heavy metals Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn and to predict the quality of the sediments by employing indices analysis. Sediment samples were taken using a grab at 8 stations. Heavy metal content was analyzed using AAS. Three indices are exercised to analyze the metal content in the sediment, that are contamination factors, geoaccumulation index, and pollution load index. The computation of contamination factors showed an average value of less than 1, namely Pb= 0.236, Cd= 0.269, Cu= 0.048, Zn= 0.346, and Ni= 0.986. Meanwhile, the geoaccumulation index values were less than 1, the value for Pb= -3.836, Cd= -2.878, Cu= - 5.061, Zn= -2.430, and Ni= -1.002. The pollution load index value is 0.201. These values which were less than 1 implied low level of pollution in the area. Thus, according to the analysis, the sediments in these three waters are still natural and not polluted.
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Wu, Fang Tong, Hong Yu Zhu, Juan Guo, and Yan Ni Lei. "Assessment of Heavy Metal Levels in Sediment of the Xiangjiang River Section Flowing through Changsha." Applied Mechanics and Materials 368-370 (August 2013): 482–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.482.
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In order to assess polluting condition of heavy metals in sediment of the Xiangjiang River Changsha section, the spatial distribution of four heavy metals were determined in river sediments at six sampling stations. Geo-accumulation Index of heavy metals in superficial sediment of the Xiangjiang River Changsha section was in the decreasing order of Cd>Zn>Pb>Cu. On the whole, the pollution level was moderate-high, and the order of four heavy metals pollution lever was noted in the sequence of Liuyang River entrance of Xiangjiang> Juzizhou Bridge >Houzishi Bridge> the Second Xiangjiang River Bridge > Xiangjiang Super Bridge > Xiangjiang Sanchaji Bridge. The Potential Ecological Risk Evaluation showed that heavy metals ecological risk in sediment of the Xiangjiang River Changsha section was very high, Cd was the primary contribution element, followed by Pb.
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Samanta, S., V. Kumar, S. K. Nag, K. Saha, Sajina A.M., S. Bhowmick, S. K. Paul, and B. K. Das. "Assessment of heavy metal contaminations in water and sediment of River Godavari, India." Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 24, no. 4 (October 1, 2021): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/aehm.024.04.05.
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Abstract The Godavari is the largest river of peninsular India and receives a significant quantity of pollutants from diverse sources, including many industries, urban developments and agricultural fields. Such pollution is more prominent in the upper stretch of the river. This work aimed to assess the water and sediment contaminations of River Godavari for the presence of trace metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn. Samples were collected from 10 sampling stations covering the entire stretch of the river. Sediment pollution characteristics and potential ecological risks were evaluated by calculating contamination factor, degree of contamination, pollution load index, geo-accumulation, and the potential ecological risk index. Pearson's correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to predict the probable sources of heavy metals. The concentrations of studied heavy metals in water were mostly observed below the detection limit using the flame mode of an Atomic Absorption Spectroscope and recorded safe for the biotic community. The mean concentrations of metals in the sediments were calculated and also recorded to be safe with respect to the guideline values of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA, 1999). However, the sampling site-specific calculated contamination factors indicated moderate contamination of some of the stretches as: S1 for the presence of Cu, Mn, Zn; S2 for Cu, Zn; S3 and S4 for Cu; S5 for the dominance of Mn. The rest of the sites were free from sediment metal contaminations. The degree of contamination values specified S2 as moderately contaminated. Pollution load index indicated sites S1 and S2 as contaminated. Both geo-accumulation and potential ecological risk index designated lower levels of pollution in the river owing to sediment metal contaminations. Furthermore, a comparison of the heavy metal concentrations with sediment quality guidelines signified that the heavy metal pollutions (Cu, Cr, Mn and Zn) tend to pose occasional harmful effects on the ecosystem. From Pearson's correlation analysis and principal component analysis, two main sources of metal pollution were predicted. The Cu, Cr and Zn contaminants were mainly derived from human activities and Mn from natural sources as well as human activities.
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Zhang, Lian Kai, Hui Yang, and Wei Jin. "Distribution Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Arsenic in the Surface Sediment of Bohai Sea." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 932–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.932.
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Arsenic is a carcinogen to both humans and animals. Thirteen typical surface sediment samples were taken at Tanghe and Daihe in Qinhuangdao, April, 2011. Hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS) was used to analyze arsenic (As) concentration. The correlations of sediment arsenic and sediment organic matter (SOM), pH, river water arsenic were discussed. Index of geoaccumulation (Igeo) and potential ecological risk index were cited to assess the arsenic pollution level and its potential ecological risk. The results show that, arsenic in river water sediment, estuary sediment and coast sediment of Daihe are lower than the average level of other Chinese rivers. Arsenic Igeo of these sediments are cleanliness. However, Arsenic concentration in the sampling points of Tanghe is higher than the average level of domestic rivers except river water sampling points. Their Igeo are light pollution. The potential ecological risk index of the two rivers are slight ecological harm. Arsenic concentration of different sampling points in the two rivers distributes as: estuary sediment As>coast sediment As> river water sediment As. The correlation among sediment arsenic, water arsenic, SOM and sediment pH are: 1) Arsenic in sediment has a extremely significant positive correlation with that in water at p<0.01; 2) Sediment arsenic shows a significant positive correlation with SOM at p<0.05; 3) However, there is a negative correlation between sediment pH and sediment arsenic.
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Shin, P. K. S., and W. K. C. Lam. "Development of a Marine Sediment Pollution Index." Environmental Pollution 113, no. 3 (August 2001): 281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0269-7491(00)00192-5.
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Ramli, Ichwana, Syahrul ., and Mutia Rizka Lestari. "Water and Sediment Quality Index Due To Gold Mining in The Krueng Kluet Hilir Watershed, Aceh Selatan Regency." Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology 9, no. 1 (May 12, 2020): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.13170/aijst.9.1.15267.
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Increasing population growth, economic and industrial development will lead to the utilization of natural resources effected on water pollution. One of those activities related to natural resource utilization is gold mining. Mining activities cannot be separated from the use of chemicals that are harmful to living things; for example, it is mercury. This study aims to determine levels of mercury (Hg) that accumulate in water and sediments. The tools used in this research are QGIS 2.18.27 software and Global Positioning System. The material used is water and sediment samples. Water and sediment samples were analyzed at the Industrial Standardization Research Institute Laboratory to obtain several potential parameters such as hydrogen (pH), mercury (Hg), Lead (Pb), Iron (Fe), and Copper (Cu). These potential parameters are further analyzed using the Pollution Index (PI) method and Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs). The results demonstrated that the water quality in downstream of Krueng Kluet sub-watershed in for 2019 using the Pollution Index (PI) method for the drinking water (Class I) with the value is 6.2036. It is classified as moderately polluted water quality criteria and for the agricultural water (Class IV) with the value is 6.0796, classified as moderately polluted water quality criteria. The quality of sediments in the downstream of Krueng Kluet sub-watershed using the sediment quality guidelines method with the value is 0.2343 is classified as an adverse effect for the biota of heavy metals on medium value. This shows that neither the water quality nor the sediment in the downstream of Krueng Kluet sub-watershed does not accord with the water and sediment quality standards. Pollution Index can assess the quality of water bodies and becomes a consideration in taking actions to improve water quality. At the same time, SQGs show chemical concentrations that have biological effects on aquatic biodata.
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Mannaa, Ammar A., Athar Ali Khan, Rabea Haredy, and Aaid G. Al-Zubieri. "Contamination Evaluation of Heavy Metals in a Sediment Core from the Al-Salam Lagoon, Jeddah Coast, Saudi Arabia." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 8 (August 20, 2021): 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9080899.
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The Al-Salam Lagoon is one of the recreational sites along the Jeddah coast, showing the environmental impacts of urbanization along the coast. A sediment core (220 cm) was collected from the intertidal zone to evaluate the heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb) and geochemical indices (contamination factor, geo-accumulation index, and pollution load index). In the organ-ic-rich muddy sediments (0–100 cm), there is a high metals content and a pollution load index of ~3, indicting anthropogenic impacts with high Cu contamination (CF:12) and moderate Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni, Zn, and Pb contamination (CF: <3). The organic matter and heavy metals washed through surface run-off from the land and deposited as urban waste. Down the core, consistent metals concentration, CF, and Igeo trends indicate a common pollutant source and pollution load variations over time. In the sediment section (70–40 cm), a high organic matter, metal concentration, CF, Igeo, and PLI value (≥5) suggest an uncontrolled pollution load. The decreased and stable trends of environmental indicators toward surface sediments suggest measures taken to control the pollution along the Jeddah coast. Below 110 cm, the carbonate-rich sediments have low organic matter and metals, showing an unpolluted depositional environment. The negative geo-accumulation index implies a geogenic source and indicates no anthropogenic impacts as inferred from low (~1.0) CF and PLI.
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GENC, Tuncer Okan, and Fevzi YILMAZ. "Risk Assessment and Accumulation of Metals in Sediment of Koycegiz Lagoon System, Turkey." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE 6, no. 1 (March 30, 2016): 804–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jaa.v6i1.5386.
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This paper focuses on metal (Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn and Zn) accumulation and degree of contamination in the sediments of the Koycegiz Lagoon Systems. Pollution by these metals was examined using several calculation methods: pollution load index (PLI), contamination factor (CF), geoaccumulation index (lgeo) and enrichment factors (EF). The mean value of contamination factor (CF) for Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn metals showed low degree of contamination (CF < 1), whereas Cr showed considerably degree (3CF< 6). Higher PLI values were observed in sampling sites III where discharge point of waste water and the PLI values indicated that Cr is the major contributors to the sediment pollution. Average lgeo values of analyzed metals (except Cr) indicating uncontaminated to moderately contaminated status of the sediment whereas the Igeo values for Cr indicates moderately to strongly contaminated status. For most of the sites EF of the studied metals were lower than 1 indicating there is not intense human influence to the metal pollution in sediments.
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Manii, Jwad k. "Evaluation the Pollution of Sediments of the Shatt Al - Hillah with Heavy Metals by Using the Pollution Indices." JOURNAL OF UNIVERSITY OF BABYLON for Pure and Applied Sciences 26, no. 8 (October 15, 2018): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.29196/jubpas.v26i8.1685.
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The level of pollutant of heavy metals (Hg, Co, Pb V, Cr, Ni, Sr, Zr, Mo, Cu, Rb, Zn, As,Th, U) , in the sediment samples on the banks of the Shatt al-Hillah River The study was conducted in the Department of Earth Science at the College of Science, University of Babylon, 14 samples of sediments ware collected from the banks of the river of Shatt Al-Hillah. The average concentration of the heavy metal in the sediment of the river bank in descending order: Sr (360.6 ppm) ,Cr (285.9 ppm), Ni (203.2 ppm), Co (169.9 ppm), Zr (166.3 ppm),. V (116.4ppm) , Zn (91.6 ppm), Cu (48.8 ppm), Rb (41.9 ppm), Pb (18.1 ppm),As(11.1 ppm), Hg(5.7ppm),Th (4.2 ppm),Mo(3.7 ppm), U(2ppm,. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) for Hg of five sampling station along the river was greater than 3.0, which indicate contamination of sedimentation with a high degree of pollution. The Igeo for Ni in11 sampling station and CO in 12 sites were greater than 1.0, indicated the moderatly level of polluted sediment. The value of the pollution load index (PLI) for the total sampling stations ranged from 0.7 -1.4.
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Sadiku, Milaim, Mensur Kelmendi, and Sadija Kadriu. "Assessment of heavy metal pollution of sedimentation in the Sitnica river based on pollution indicators." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 6 (2021): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2021-6/129.
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Purpose. To show the impact of the Mitrovica Industrial Park landfill on the Sitnica River pollution through sediment analysis. For this purpose, to assess the level of pollution and ecological impact pollution indicators were used: geo-accumulation index, contamination factor, pollution rate, and modified pollution rate, enrichment factor, potential ecological risk index, pollution load index. Methodology. The ISO 5667-15:2009 standard method was used for sediment sampling. At the same time, the standard method ISO 11885:2007 was used for the determination of selected elements by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Analytical methods were used to calculate pollution indicators. Findings. From the obtained results it can be concluded that the concentrations of heavy metals in the sediment of the river Sitnica have exceeded the allowed values. According to our estimates, the impact of the landfill on the pollution of the river Sitnica is undeniable. Originality. The paper provides new data on the impact of the MIP landfill on the pollution of the Sitnica River and, respectively, on its ecological status. The findings are based on the obtained results from the analyzed samples and their comparison with the allowed values for sediments. Pollution also affects the food chain as the water of this river is used for irrigation of gardens; moreover, fish are harvested in this river. Practical value. It should be taken into consideration that the content and the problematic delved in this paper are vivid and represent a prominent interest to those who deal with this issue.
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Rahmatillah, H. Meilina, and I. Ramli. "Water quality index and the sediment criteria due to anthropogenic activity in West Aceh District, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 922, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/922/1/012042.
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Abstract The existence of river environmental components or sediment and river pollutions are influenced by domestic, industrial, and agricultural waste, it will reduce water quality. The purpose of this study was to determine the index of water quality and sedimentation due to anthropogenic activities. Pollution Index (PI) method for water quality and Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs) method for sedimentation. The Krueng Woyla and Krueng Meuruebo watersheds include have the highest intensity of anthropogenic activity at West Aceh District. Surrounding the Krueng Woyla watershed has illegal mining such as class C minerals like sand and stone and gold mining. In the Krueng Meureubo watershed, there are mining activities to dispose of company waste flowing through the Meureubo tributary accompanied by sand mining activities. These activities result in the pollution index (PI) calculation. It shows that there has been a decrease in the water quality of the Meuruebo and Woyla rivers with 1.0 <PI< 5.0 classified as lightly polluted river water quality conditions. The highest pollution index value is in the Krueng Meruebo downstream watershed which is 2.41 classified as “Slightly Polluted”. Based on the Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs) and equations for a mercury concentration of 0.915, it is found that sediment has medium a negative effect index of heavy metals on river biota.
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Mamun, Abdullah Al, Protima Sarker, Md Shiblur Rahaman, Mohammad Mahbub Kabir, and Masahiro Maruo. "Evaluation of Contamination and Accumulation of Heavy Metals in the Dhaleswari River Sediments, Bangladesh." International Journal of Environment 10, no. 1 (July 23, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v10i1.38399.
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The Dhaleswari river is considered as one of the most important rivers of Bangladesh due to its geographical location and ecological services. The present study attempts to evaluate the degree of heavy metal pollution, contamination, and accumulative behavior in the sediment of the Dhaleswari river. The sediment samples were collected from fifteen different locations of the Dhaleswari river. Heavy metals were analyzed using the Flame Atomic Spectrophotometer (FAAS). The mean concentrations of Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb and Cd were 131.9, 48.89, 43.16, 33.23 and 0.37 mgkg-1, respectively. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Sediment Quality Guideline, the sediment of most of the locations were not polluted for Pb and Cd. But S-11 location for Cd (0.8 mg kg-1) was highly polluted. For Cr, Cu and Zn, maximum locations were moderately polluted. Although the geo-accumulation index (Igeo) values of Dhaleswari river sediments showed almost no severe contamination for most of the sampling locations, the pollution load index (PLI) values showed that most of the sampling sites were contaminated for all heavy metals tested. Moreover, for all measured heavy metals, the mean Contamination Factor (CF) values indicated moderate pollution, except for Cr, which suggested low pollution. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient matrix among the selected heavy metals of Dhaleswari river sediment showed no significant correlation among each other. Therefore, regular monitoring of the heavy metal concentration of the Dhaleshwari river sediment from different location is necessary to identify the sources of pollution so that proper initiative could be taken to prevent heavy metal pollution.
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Qaseem, Najlaa Mohammad Ali, Maher Khalid, and Abdulazeez Al-Saffawi. "Qualitative Assessment of Soil and Sediment Pollution with Some Heavy Metals: A Case Study of Duhok Valley in The Kurdistan Region of Iraq." Science Journal of University of Zakho 11, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.1.1048.
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The current study was conducted on the valley of Duhok and the agricultural lands irrigated from it, where three sites were identified for collecting samples quarterly from soil and sediment using clean plastic bags for the purpose of measuring lead, nickel, cobalt and copper. Pollution load index (PLI), Nemerow pollution index (PIN), Potential Ecological Risk (PER) and Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo) were also calculated according to the internationally approved methods. The results indicated that most of lead, nickel and copper concentrations in soils and sediments exceeded the limits allowed by WHO, reaching annual rates (96.758, 168.746 and 29.88) , (111.25, 219.65 and 48.162) mg.kg-1, respectively. This fluctuation in concentrations was reflected in the values of the studied indicators for both soil and sediment, where 50% and 58% of the studied specimen are of the polluted grade and the remnant are of the non-polluted grade according to the PLI values. So is the case with PIN where 58% of the soil specimen and 41.6% of the sediment samples were of the severe pollution grade, while 25% and 33.3% of the specimen were of the heavy pollution grade and the remnant were slightly pollution grade. The same applies to the results of the PER index values, where 50% and 41.67% of the specimen were from the Medium ecological risk category, and the rest were from the low ecological risk category, likewise for the (Igeo) values, 100% and 96% of the soil and sediment samples were from the Weakly polluted category.
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Guo, Yanhui, Yongfeng Xu, Chenming Zhu, Pingping Li, Yongli Zhu, and Jiangang Han. "How Does Adjacent Land Use Influence Sediment Metals Content and Potential Ecological Risk in the Hongze Lake Wetland?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16 (August 15, 2022): 10079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610079.
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Metal pollution in lake wetlands has become increasingly serious in China and worldwide due to the rapid growth of urbanization and agricultural activities. However, comprehensive assessments of metal pollution in lake wetland sediments that are associated with land use change have been limited from an international perspective. Metal concentrations (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Pb, and Zn) were measured in the surface soils and surrounding sediments of five land use types in the eastern Hongze Lake wetlands, including Farmland (FL), Culture Ponds (CP), Reed Land (RL), Poplar Forests (PF), and Willow Forests (WF). The metal pollution status was assessed using the geo-accumulation index and the potential ecological risk index; The results showed that the average concentrations of As, Cd, Mn, and Zn in the surface soils and As, Cd, Cu, and Zn in the sediments, exceeded the background values of Jiangsu Province, China. The FL soils and surrounding sediments were moderately contaminated with As, whereas the sediments surrounding the CP were uncontaminated to moderately contaminated with Cd. Metal pollution in both soils and sediments was greater on farmland than on other types of land use. Furthermore, there were significant positive correlations between the values of the soil risk index and the values of the surrounding sediment risk index. Correlation analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) found that metals may be derived from agricultural activities such as the application of chemical and organic fertilizers, as well as domestic sewage, industrial wastewater, and geological anomalies. These findings shed new light on the quantitative impacts of adjacent land use practices on sediment metal pollution and provide a scientific foundation for wetland management decision-making.
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Aradpour, Saber, Roohollah Noori, Qiuhong Tang, Rabin Bhattarai, Farhad Hooshyaripor, Majid Hosseinzadeh, Ali Torabi Haghighi, and Björn Klöve. "Metal contamination assessment in water column and surface sediments of a warm monomictic man-made lake: Sabalan Dam Reservoir, Iran." Hydrology Research 51, no. 4 (June 11, 2020): 799–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2020.160.
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Abstract In this study, metal concentrations in the water column and surface sediment of the Sabalan Dam Reservoir (SDR) were determined. Moreover, heavy metal pollution index (HPI), contamination index (CI), heavy metal evaluation index (HEI), enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), consensus-based SQGs (C-BSQGs), and mean probable effect concentration quotients (mPECQs) were evaluated for water and sediments of SDR. It was observed that metal concentrations in river entry sediment were lower, but those in river entry water were higher than corresponding values in the vicinity of the dam structure. The HPI values of water samples taken from 10 m depth in the center of SDR exceeded the critical limit, due to high concentrations of arsenic. However, according to CI, the reservoir water was not contaminated. The HEI values indicated contamination of SDR water with metals at 10 m depth. A comparison of water quality indices revealed that HEI was the most reliable index in water quality assessment, while CI and HPI were not sufficiently accurate. For SQGs, As and Cu concentrations in sediments were high, but mPECQ, Igeo, and EF revealed some degree of sediment pollution in SDR. The calculated EF values suggested minor anthropogenic enrichment of sediment with Fe, Co, V, and Ni; moderate anthropogenic enrichment with As and Mn; and moderate to severe anthropogenic enrichment with Cu. A comparison of SQG values revealed that the threshold effect and probable effect levels were the most reliable metrics in the assessment of sediment toxicity. Statistical analysis indicated similarities between metal concentrations in the center of the reservoir and near to the dam structure, as a result of similar sediment deposition behavior at these points, while higher flow velocity at the river entry point limited deposition of fine particles and associated metals.
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Tanaskovski, Bojan, Marija Petrović, Zoran Kljajić, Sandro Degetto, and Slavka Stanković. "Analysis of major, minor and trace elements in surface sediments by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry for assessment of possible contamination of Boka Kotorska Bay, Montenegro." Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 33, no. 1 (May 2, 2014): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.20450/mjcce.2014.423.
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<p class="prvred">Boka Kotorska Bay is on the UNESCO’s World Heritage List. There are no published papers related to the surface sediment pollution of the Bay. For the first time, elements were measured in surface sediments at nine locations in the Bay by the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (ED-XRF) technique. Si, Fe, Ca, K, Ti, Mn, P, Ba, Cr, Sr, Zn, Rb, Ni, Cu, Pb, As, Sn, Sb, Hg and Cd were quantified in the surface sediments. Sediments were classified as non-polluted or polluted by counting the enrichment factor (<em>EF</em>), metal loading index (<em>MLI</em>) and geo-accumulation index (<em>I<sub>geo</sub></em>) based on the elemental background level of the analyzed elements in the literature, or by the Sediment Quality Guidelines (<em>SQGs</em>) of USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency). Based on USEPA’s <em>SQG</em>s, the surface sediment in the entire Bay can be classified as heavily polluted by As and Cr, and non-polluted by Cd and Hg, and, related to the sites, the surface sediment at the Tivat-Arsenal site was heavily polluted and at the Orahovac site was not polluted at all. The <em>PLI</em> (pollution load index) values for the locations of Tivat-Arsenal and Orahovac are in agreement with the conclusion based on USEPA’s<em> SQG</em>s. The results in this paper will establish an initial view of sediment pollution and the state of the Bay’s environment.</p>
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Sefie, M. A., I. N. Mohamad, F. Baharudin, and J. Kassim. "Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Contamination in Lower Klang River." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 920, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/920/1/012023.
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Abstract Estuarine and coastal environments are known to be major sinks for heavy metals. This ecosystem and its sustainability should be secured using the ecological as indicators. This study is conducted to quantify the heavy metal concentration and to assess the potential ecological risk levels of heavy metals in the sediments from Klang River Estuary. Three typical heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) were identified. The surface sediment samples were collected from three sampling stations. The concentration of heavy metals in the sediments were arrange in a decreasing sequence of Pb > Zn > Cd. A range of pollution indicators based on single pollution indices such as Contamination Factor, Contamination Degree, Pollution Load Index and Geoaccumulation Index were considered for ecological risk analysis. In conclusion, the ecological risk levels of heavy metals in the sediments from Lower Klang River were low and unpolluted. However, an overall assessment regarding to the heavy metals’ concentrations, spatial distribution and their potential sources need to be monitored for a better understanding of the water-sediment interaction.
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Li, Xiuling, Henglun Shen, Yongjun Zhao, Weixing Cao, Changwei Hu, and Chen Sun. "Distribution and Potential Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals in Water, Sediments, and Aquatic Macrophytes: A Case Study of the Junction of Four Rivers in Linyi City, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 16 (August 10, 2019): 2861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162861.
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The Yi River, the second longest river in Shandong Province, China, flows through Linyi City and is fed by three tributary rivers, Beng River, Liuqing River, and Su River in the northeastern part of the city. In this study, we determined the concentrations of five heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb) in water, sediment, and aquatic macrophyte samples collected from the junction of the four rivers and evaluated the potential ecological risk of heavy metal pollution. Most of the heavy metals in water were in low concentrations with the water quality index (WQI) below 1, suggesting low metal pollution. The sediments showed low heavy metal concentrations, suggesting a low ecological risk based on the potential ecological risk index (RI) and the geo-accumulation index (Igeo). The aquatic plant species Potamogeton crispus accumulated considerable amounts of heavy metals, which were closely related to the metal concentrations of the sediment. The plant species Salvinia natans also showed an excellent metal accumulation capability. Based on our results, the junction of the four rivers is only slightly polluted in terms of heavy metals, and the plant species P. crispus is a suitable bioindicator for sediment heavy metal pollution.
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HING, YIP TAIM, TAN EVONNE, POONG JUN HAN, TEE LIAN SHENG, MUHAMMAD HASBI RAMLI, ASNOR AZRIN SABUTI, and ONG MENG CHUAN. "ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATION IN MARINE SEDIMENTS IN TERENGGANU WATERS." Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Journal of Undergraduate Research 3, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.46754/umtjur.v3i2.198.
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The distribution of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb) in surface sediments was examined in waters off the coast of Marang, Terengganu. A total of 20 samples were collected using Ponar grab and analysed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer after closed digestion with acid. The sediments were filtered using a dry sieving method to determine their particle size. The spatial distribution maps on the concentration of selected metals were drawn using the ArcGIS software. Results showed that the average concentration of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb were 2.33±0.38 μg/g dry weight, 28.4±3.78 μg/g dry weight, 0.09±0.01 μg/g dry weight and 8.35±1.48 μg/g dry weight, respectively. The level of pollution was also evaluated using the Index of Geoaccumulation (Igeo) and Pollution Load Index (PLI). All Igeo and PLI values obtained were low, which indicated low or no pollution. Meanwhile, the sediment mean size ranged between -0.77Ø and 3.18Ø, which characterised a sandy type of sediment. Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the heavy metals and sediment size. The results indicated that there was a common source of heavy metal pollution in the study area, possibly from shipping activities. Overall, there was no significant heavy metal pollution in the waters off Marang. This finding is important as the data could be used to evaluate the risk of metal contamination and the impact of anthropogenic activities on the marine environment.
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Wijaya, Anugrah Ricky, A. M. Fajar, Aman Santoso, and Daratu Eviana Kusuma Putri. "Geochemical Explorations of Leached Fe in Tiga Warna Beach, Indonesia." Key Engineering Materials 851 (July 2020): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.851.205.
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To explore Fe minerals in Tiga Warna Beach, we investigated to assess the geochemical fraction of Fe in sediment. The samples were leached of Fe using the optimized BCR microwave method. The optimized of BCR microwave method revealed the high accuracy and precision before Fe assessment. The leached of Fe in each of fraction in sediment were measured by AAS. The same patterns of explored Fe in the geochemical fractions from the sediment fraction 1 (mobile fraction) to fraction 3 (oxidizable fraction) as stated nonresistant sediment fractions showed a lower portion of Fe compared with the Fe levels in sediment fraction 4 (residual fraction) or resistant sediment fraction. The Pollution Load Index (PLI) value and the geoaccumulation Index (I-geo) value of sediment samples in blue, green, and red waters indicating that the sediments of Tiga Warna Beach are still natural and has not been categorized as polluted.
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Aguilar Pesantes, Alby, Elizabeth Peña Carpio, Tomas Vitvar, Manuel María Mahamud López, and Juan Menéndez-Aguado. "A Multi-Index Analysis Approach to Heavy Metal Pollution Assessment in River Sediments in the Ponce Enríquez Area, Ecuador." Water 11, no. 3 (March 21, 2019): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11030590.
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The area of Ponce Enríquez, Southern Ecuador, is one of the most important artisanal and small scale gold mining (ASGM) areas in the country, where informal mining operations can be found using amalgamation technique, even though it has been prohibited since 2010. Considering the potential impact of these mining operations, the present research focused on heavy metal pollutants in subsurface sediments at 214 sampling locations from several detailed sampling campaigns in the rivers Fermín, Fermín Norte, Guanache, Villa, and Siete. Four parameters were calculated to evaluate the geochemical composition of the river sediment and heavy metal concentrations: The enrichment factor (EF), the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), the contamination factor (Cf) and the pollution load index (PLI). The analyzed elements were Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, As, Cd, Sb, Sr, and Hg. Due to the lack of standards for pollution levels in sediments in Ecuador, Canadian guidelines were used as interim sediment quality guidelines (ISQG) in this research for comparison with the obtained results in subsurface sediments. The multi-index geochemical analysis indicated elevated heavy metal concentrations in all subsurface sediments in the studied river ecosystems.
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Shui, Lujie, Xiaojie Pan, Xiaojuan Chen, Fengyi Chang, Duanji Wan, Defu Liu, Mingming Hu, Shanze Li, and Yuchun Wang. "Pollution Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sediments of the Three Gorges Reservoir." Water 12, no. 6 (June 24, 2020): 1798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061798.
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In order to understand the spatial distribution and ecological risk of heavy metal pollution in the sediments of the Three Gorges Reservoir, surface sediment samples in six typical tributaries and estuaries were analyzed. The heavy metal content in sediment was detected by ICP-MS (PE Elan DRC Ⅱ, PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA) after digestion by mixed acid. The data were evaluated and analyzed using multiple methods, including the potential ecological risk index, the geoaccumulation index (Igeo), and cluster analysis. The results show that the tributary surface sediments were polluted by heavy metals to a certain extent. Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cr have been enriched in sediments in recent years. The results of Igeo show that the pollution degree is as follows: Pb > Cu > Zn > Cr > Cd > Ni > As > Hg. According to the potential ecological risk index, the grades of Yunyang, Xiaojiang, and Xinjin are all medium risk, and Cd has the highest contribution rate. Combined with field investigation data, cluster analysis, and correlation analysis, we conclude that Cu, Zn, and Cr are likely to come from agricultural chemical fertilizers and industrial sewage, while Pb mainly comes from the discharge of ship fuel.
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Adikaram, Madurya, Amarasooriya Pitawala, Hiroaki Ishiga, Daham Jayawardana, and Carla M. Eichler. "An Ecological Risk Assessment of Sediments in a Developing Environment—Batticaloa Lagoon, Sri Lanka." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9010073.
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The land-sea interface is considered as a threatening environment due to anthropogenic development activities. Unplanned developments can cause effects on important ecosystems, water and human health as well. In this study, the influence of rapid regional development on the accumulation of trace elements to the sediments of an important ecosystem, Batticaloa lagoon, Sri Lanka was examined. Surface sediment pollution status and ecological risk was compared with that of the recent sedimentary history of about 1 m depth. Sediment core samples were collected and analyzed for grain size, organic matter and carbonate contents and trace elements (As, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni and Cr) by the X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) technique. The chemical results of core samples and recently published data of surface sediments of the same project were evaluated by pollution load index (PLI), potential ecological risk index (PERI) and sediment quality guidelines (SQG). Except for Cr, all other elements in cores show lower concentrations than the SQGs confirming the high Cr contents as recorded in the most of other Sri Lankan sediments. The sediment cores indicate an unpolluted, low ecological risk sedimentary history for all core sampling locations, whereas most of the surface sediments of the lagoon are less polluted with low potential ecological risk. Present anthropogenic practices and illiteracy of this rapid developing region can damage the green environment and hence environmental management planning is suggested for a sustainable future.
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Achi, C. G., A. M. Omoniyi, A. O. Coker, and M. K. C. Sridhar. "Multivariate analysis of sediment quality in River Ogbere, Ibadan, South-West Nigeria." H2Open Journal 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/h2oj.2021.057.
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Abstract Heavy metals are pollutants of river sediments, and their concentration varies depending on parental material and anthropogenic inputs, thus it is important to distinguish between the natural and anthropogenic inputs. The objective of this study is to use different types of indexes to assess the current pollution status in Ogbere River sediment and select the best index to describe the sediment quality. The indexes used in this study were enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and principal component analysis (PCA). The PCA has an advantage over other index analyses as it reduces the dimensionality of the data set and thus used to support multivariate cluster analysis. From the study, a total of 12 sediment samples were collected in both seasons across six sampling location and pollution indexes indicated three things: firstly, the metal distribution profile in the sediment showed that the heavy metals analysed were lower than the maximum allowable limits stipulated by Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR); secondly, minor to extremely severe significant levels of enrichment and thirdly, practically uncontaminated to a moderately contaminated degree of contamination in Ogbere River during the study period. The PCA is considered more sensitive in the analysis of benthic changes as well as sediment quality. However, the heavy metal assessment indices are not only used for sediment quality. Biological testing and ecological analysis of existing community related to sediment contamination are further recommended in River Ogbere.
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Stankovic, Slavka, Mihajlo Jovic, Marija Mihajlovic, Danijela Joksimovic, and Bojan Tanaskovski. "Metal pollution determined by pollution indices for sea grass P. oceanica and surface sediments." Archives of Biological Sciences 67, no. 1 (2015): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs140410010s.
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Concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Co, As, Co, and Hg in the sea grass Posidonia oceanica and surface sediment samples were determined. Together with P. oceanica, surface sediment samples were collected at eight locations in the major demographic, tourist and port areas along the Montenegrin coast to assess metal pollution. The metal pollution index (MPI) and metal enrichment factor (EF) were calculated and used to evaluate the impact of heavy metals in the surface sediment on P. oceanica. The sediment MPI and EF values were lower than these values in P. oceanica at the same locations. Since the surface sediment contained lower mean concentrations of Zn, Ni, Pb, Cd and Hg, than the sea grass P. oceanic, we concluded that the sea grass absorbed some metals from the seawater column.
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Sukri, Nor Sayzwani, Siti Amirah Aspin, Nurul Liyana Kamarulzaman, Nurul Fazlina Jaafar, Rozidaini Mohd Ghazi, Nor Shahida Shafiee @ Ismail, Siti Hajar Yaacob, Farah Khaliz Kedri, and Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria. "Assessment of metal pollution using enrichment factor (EF) and pollution load index (PLI) in sediments of selected Terengganu rivers, Malaysia." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 14, no. 2 (June 3, 2018): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v14n2.1065.
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Anthropogenic activities that happen in Terengganu River were contributed to sediment pollution at that area. The sediment pollution occurred when sediment are additional influenced with chemical adsorption between the metals, grain size, and organic matter. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the metal pollution using Enrichment Factor (EF) and Pollution Load Index (PLI) and compared with the previous study. A total of 15 sediment samples were collected from 5 different rives and metal concentration were analyzed using flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (ASS). The metal concentration ranged as followed: Cr (0.48-12.80 mg/kg), Cu (0.38-15.20 mg/kg), Mg (202.00-2769.00mg/kg), K (63.36-1730.00 mg/kg), Mn (4.27-33.70 mg/kg), Zn (2.05-31.30 mg/kg) and Cl (141.00-584.00 mg/kg) respectively. Enrichment Factor (EF) and Pollution Load Index (PLI) were used as a pollution indicator to access the sediment pollution in selected Terengganu Rivers. The mean Enrichment Factor (EF) value indicated in decrease order Cl (34.70) > Zn (23.44) > Cu (10.37) > Cr (1.95) > K (1.58) > Mg (1.16)> Mn (0.87). Meanwhile, Pollution Load Index (PLI) value showed below than 1 in all sampling stations. When compared with previous study, Mg and Cl metals need to take further action due to dramatically increased within seven years. The output from this study will be useful for environmental management at Terengganu Rivers.
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Al-Afify, Afify D. G., and Amaal M. Abdel-Satar. "Risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in water, sediment and plants in the Nile River in the Cairo region, Egypt." Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies 49, no. 1 (March 26, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ohs-2020-0001.
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AbstractSamples of water, sediment and two native plants (Eichhornia crassipes and Ceratophyllum demersum), collected seasonally from eight sites, were analyzed to investigate the level of contamination with metals (Fe, Mn, Ni, Co, Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb and Cd) in the Nile River in the Cairo region, using heavy metal pollution and contamination indices in the case of water, and the geoaccumulation index, the pollution load index, the enrichment factor and the potential ecological risk factor in the case of sediment. The results clarified that the levels of metals among three compartments were in order: sediments > plants > water. The Nile water in Cairo is not critically polluted by the studied metals and the metal pollution index for most sites does not exceed the critical limit (< 100). Sediment samples showed a clear accumulation of Mn, Ni and Cd when compared with benchmarks cited by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), especially during low flow seasons. The contribution of Cd to the ecological risk assessment was about 80%, while the contribution of Ni was about 10%, reflecting that these elements originated primarily from anthropogenic sources. Eichhornia crassipes and Ceratophyllum demersum have a higher accumulation capacity for Mn, Cu and Fe compared to the other studied metals.
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Chang, Li Chen, Chih Feng Chen, Chiu Wen Chen, and Cheng Di Dong. "Evaluation of Cadmium Contamination in the Sediments of Northern Kaohsiung Harbor, Taiwan." Applied Mechanics and Materials 300-301 (February 2013): 1334–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.300-301.1334.
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The distribution, enrichment, accumulation, and potential ecological risk of Cadmium (Cd) in the surface sediments of northern Kaohsiung Harbor, Taiwan were investigated. Sediment samples from 12 locations of Kaohsiung Harbor were collected and characterized for Cd, aluminum, water content, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorous, total grease, and grain size. Results showed that the Cd concentrations varied from 0.25–2.28 mg/kg with an average of 0.58±0.58 mg/kg. The spatial distribution of Cd reveals that the Cd concentration is relatively high in the river mouth region, and gradually diminishes toward the harbor entrance region. This indicates that upstream industrial and municipal wastewater discharges along the river bank are major sources of Cd pollution. Results from the enrichment factor and geo-accumulation index analyses imply that the sediments collected from the river mouth can be characterized between moderate and severe degree enrichment and between moderate and moderate to strong accumulation of Cd, respectively. Results of potential ecological risk index indicate that the sediment has higher to high ecological potential risk. Therefore, a strategy for effective controlling and managing river upstream pollution needs to be immediately implemented in order to improve the sediment quality and alleviate the ecological risk.
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Dauvalter, Vladimir, Zakhar Slukovskii, Dmitry Denisov, and Alina Guzeva. "A Paleolimnological Perspective on Arctic Mountain Lake Pollution." Water 14, no. 24 (December 11, 2022): 4044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14244044.
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The chemical composition of sediments from the Arctic mountain Lake Bolshoy Vudjavr, situated in the western part of the Russian Arctic zone, was studied. The lake has been under intense anthropogenic load for more than 90 years since the development of the richest apatite–nepheline deposits in the world started. A 27 cm thick sediment core was sampled in the central part of the lake at the maximum depth of 37.4 m. The concentrations of more than 50 elements were analyzed by the mass spectral method, ICP-MS. The lake sedimentation rate established from the change in the content of the radioactive isotope 210Pb was 2.3 mm/yr. The effluent from apatite–nepheline production and atmospheric fallout enrich the sediments of Lake Bolshoy Vudjavr with alkali and alkaline earth metals, N, P, Mn, Fe, Al compounds, rare earth elements, and trace elements (Sb, Cu, Zn, Pb, Bi, Nb, Ta, Th). Analysis of the forms of elements in the lake sediments showed that the studied elements are mainly found in stable fractions—mineral, acid-soluble, and associated with organic matter. The pollution of the sediments of Lake Bolshoy Vudjavr was assessed by the integral index PLI (Pollution Load Index) and CF (contamination factor). The PLI value sharply increased after the “Apatite” Plant had been launched and a large amount of wastewater from the mines had been released into the lake. The highest PLI values were detected in the sediment layers accumulated during the period 1990s–2000s. Sb (18.2), P (10.3), Sr (7.8), and La (6.0) have the maximum CF values among all the studied elements.
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Jokšas, Kęstutis, Arūnas Galkus, and Rimutė Stakėnienė. "Heavy metal contamination of the Curonian Lagoon bottom sediments (Lithuanian waters area)." Baltica 29, no. 2 (December 25, 2016): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5200/baltica.2016.29.10.
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Samples of surface (0–3 cm) bottom sediments of the Lithuanian aquatic area of the Curonian Lagoon and Nemunas River delta were taken from 41 sites in 2013 and 2014. Sediment parameters, such as the percentage of particles, concentration of organic carbon and heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cr, Cd, and Hg), were determined. The heavy metal contamination of the surface layer of bottom sediments was determined using the Nemerov’s pollution index applied to soil. The spatial distribution of contamination indices and the dependence of contamination dynamics on sedimentation factors were analysed. It was determined that heavy metal concentrations had a tendency to increase as sediment particles became finer and as Corg concentration increased. A greater amount of pollutants got into the aquatic area of the Curonian Lagoon that was closer to the Klaipėda harbour than into other lagoon zones. The heavy metals for the integral pollution index for the Curonian Lagoon and Nemunas River delta surface bottom sediments could be arranged in the following order: Cd>Pb>Cu>Ni>Hg>Cr>Zn.
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Yozukmaz, Aykut, and Murat Yabanlı. "Heavy Metal Contamination and Potential Ecological Risk Assessment in Sediments of Lake Bafa (Turkey)." Sustainability 15, no. 13 (June 22, 2023): 9969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15139969.
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This study examined the spatio-temporality of heavy metal concentrations (Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in the sediments of Lake Bafa, one of the most important wetlands of Turkey’s Aegean region. The study evaluated sediment quality according to threshold effect concentration (TEC) and probable effect concentration (PEC) values based on sediment quality guidelines (SQG), and provided a potential ecological risk assessment (PERI) along with indices such as geoaccumulation index (NIgeo), enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), and pollution load index (PLI). For this purpose, surface sediment from 10 different points and core samples from three different points were seasonally collected and the concentrations of nine heavy metals were determined by ICP-MS. The findings indicated the following accumulation order of heavy metals in the sediment: Fe > Al > Mn > Ni > Cr > Zn > Pb > Co > Cd, with concentrations of Al, Mn, and Ni being high in the surface sediment samples. According to the NIgeo, surface sediment and core samples were very slightly polluted with Cr, Mn, and Co at most stations, while five stations were slightly polluted with Cd. Regarding EF, the lake was at risk in terms of Al and Pb accumulation. The CF results indicated that the lake was under pressure in terms of heavy metal pollution. The PLI results indicated a significant pollution hazard at all stations, while the PERI analysis indicated moderate risk of heavy metal pollution at some stations. As one of the most comprehensive studies applying such indices to Lake Bafa, the results are very significant in terms of evaluating the lake’s ecological sustainability.
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Yang, Hae Jong, Tae-Woo Kang, Byungwoong Choi, Soon Hong Hwang, Dongseok Shin, and Won-Pyo Park. "Potential Sources of Heavy Metals in Sediments of an Urban‒Agricultural Watershed and Relationship with Land Use Using a Statistical Approach." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (August 1, 2022): 9444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159444.
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This study verified pollution levels through evaluation of the Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs), pollution load index (PLI), and potential ecological risk index (PERI) by analyzing the concentrations of heavy metals in sediments of an urban‒agricultural watershed in the Yeongsan River basin, South Korea. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the relationships between pollution levels and land use, and potential sources of pollution were identified. For spatial distributions, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, and Hg concentrations were highest at mid-upstream, but As, Cr, and Ni concentrations were similar at most sites. The polluted sites, which showed the potential toxicity toward benthic organisms in comparison to SQGs, were most frequently observed at mid-upstream. Moreover, PLI and PERI evaluations also confirmed levels of high anthropogenic pollution and the potential ecological risk at mid-upstream. The mid-upstream sites with high heavy metal pollutions showed high correlations with urban land use, which showed the highest distribution, implying a close relationship with anthropogenic impacts such as high population density and industrial complexes. Statistical analyses also confirmed that high heavy metal concentrations in the mid-upstream were closely related to urban land use. These findings suggest that urban areas are highly likely to cause anthropogenic heavy metal pollution in sediments as point or non-point sources such as domestic sewage and industrial wastewater flow into rivers.
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Wang, Jiankang, Bo Gao, Shuhua Yin, Dongyu Xu, Laisheng Liu, and Yanyan Li. "Simultaneous Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements in Soils and Sediments of the Guishui River Basin, Beijing." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 22 (November 16, 2019): 4539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224539.
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Simultaneous ecological and health risk assessments of potentially toxic elements in soils and sediments can provide substantial information on their environmental influence at the river-basin scale. Herein, soil and sediment samples were collected from the Guishui River basin to evaluate the pollution situation and the ecological and health risk of potentially toxic elements. Various indexes were utilized for quantitatively assessing their health risks. Pollution assessment by geo-accumulation index showed that Cd had “uncontaminated to moderately polluted” status in the soils and sediments. Potential ecological risk index showed that the Guishui River basin was at low risk in general, but Cd was classified as “moderate or considerable ecological risk” both in the soils and sediments. Health risk assessment calculated human exposure from soils and indicated that both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of the selected potentially toxic elements were lower than the acceptable levels. Health risks posed by potentially toxic elements bio-accumulated in fish, stemming from sediment resuspension, were also assessed. Non-carcinogenic hazard index indicated no adverse health effects on humans via exposure to sediments; however, in general, Cr contributed largely to health risks among the selected potentially toxic elements. Therefore, special attention needs to be paid to the Guishui River basin in the future.
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Ghosh, Dipankar, and Jayanta Kumar Biswas. "Efficiency of Pollution Tolerance Index (PTI) of macroinvertebrates in detecting aquatic pollution in an oxbow lake in India." Universitas Scientiarum 22, no. 3 (January 11, 2018): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.sc22-3.eopt.
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<p>This paper evaluates the efficiency of a macroinvertebrate-based Pollution Tolerance Index (PTI) in detecting aquatic pollution in the Chhariganga oxbow lake in India. In this lake, calculated PTIs were compared with results from an array of physicochemical water and sediment parameters and to a macroinvertebrate diversity assessment conducted in parallel for the same lake. The obtained PTI values fell in a range (between 20 and 31) that are indicative of an absence of organic pollution according to the literature, and are normally reported for systems devoid of anthropogenic activity (for instance no monsoonal polluting jute retting activities). However, in the light of the results for the assessed water and sediment physicochemical parameters, and the support of diversity indexes of macroinvertebrates, using data from the same lake, it was possible to conclude that the obtained PTI values do not reflect the true pollution status of this oxbow lake. As PTI values and diversity indexes contradict each other in detecting pollution, it is advised to take both parameters into consideration when using macroinvertebrates to assess aquatic health.</p>
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Lin, Kuan-Nan, Yee-Cheng Lim, Chiu-Wen Chen, Chih-Feng Chen, Chih-Ming Kao, and Cheng-Di Dong. "Spatiotemporal Variation and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Industrialized Urban River Sediments: Fengshan River in Southern Taiwan as a Case Study." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (January 19, 2022): 1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031013.
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The sediment pollution index acts as a useful indicator for assessing anthropogenic pollution within river drainage basins. An industrialized urban river, Fengshan River in Kaohsiung City, southern Taiwan has been suffering heavy metal pollution from surrounding factories. In this study, spatial and seasonal variations in heavy metals in sediments from seven sampling sites of Fengshan River were determined to assess sediment pollution status and potential ecological risk using multiple sediment pollution indices. Results showed that the heavy metal concentrations displayed large spatial variations. Severe contamination of heavy metals, especially for Cr, Hg, and Zn in the lower reaches of Fengshan River, may attribute to wastewater discharges from leather processing and metal finishing factories along the river drainage basin. An increase in metal concentrations from upstream to downstream indicated that heavy metals tend to accumulate in tidal reaches, probably as a result of the flocculation effect. Frequent heavy rainfall in the wet season can enhance surface runoff to discharge metal pollutants from non-point sources (scattered factories) into the river. Assessment of multiple pollution indices showed moderately polluted (mCd = 3.9, PLI = 2.6) and considerable ecological risk (RI = 540, mERMQ = 0.55), indicating Fengshan River sediments, particularly in the lower reaches, are considered toxic and can cause adverse effects to benthic organisms. Organic matters showed a good correlation with heavy metals, which play an important role in the spatiotemporal variations in heavy metal pollutants in the Fengshan River sediments. This study can provide valuable information for river pollution remediation, and urban planning and management.
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Mwamburi, Job. "Chromium Distribution and Spatial Variations in the Finer Sediment Grain Size Fraction and Unfractioned Surficial Sediments on Nyanza Gulf, of Lake Victoria (East Africa)." Journal of Waste Management 2016 (May 17, 2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7528263.
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Surficial sediments collected from the Nyanza Gulf of Lake Victoria (East Africa) were used to determine spatial concentrations of Cr and determine differences in contents of the unfractioned (whole sediment) and the finer grain size sediments, establishing any changes in Cr enrichment and potential ecological risks using sediment quality guidelines. A single pollution index was also used to evaluate level of Cr contamination. The spatial mean Cr contents in the <63 µm (silt-clay) fraction were found to be significantly lower than those in the unfractioned sediments, but with a strong linear positive correlation. The study results show decreasing spatial amounts of Cr in surficial sediments of the Nyanza Gulf, when compared to a study done 20 years earlier. However, the 95% confidence limits of the overall mean Cr in unfractioned sediments exceed the threshold effect concentration (TEC), indicating the potential for Cr remobilization from sediments. In general the sediment enrichment is evidence of possible dominance of lithogenous sources of Cr in the surface lake sediments, with potential anthropogenic sources from the drainage system and nearshore urban areas. The sediments are unpolluted with respect to geoaccumulation index, and sediment enrichment factors suggest a minor to moderate enrichment of Cr in surficial sediments of three sites around the Nyanza Gulf zones and around the river mouth in the main lake.