Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sediment diversity'
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Handley, Kim Marie. "Microbial diversity and respiratory processes in hydrothermal sediment." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492237.
Full textWeinmann, Birgit Ellen. "Microphytobenthic diversity and function in estuarine soft sediment." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3664.
Full textEdlund, Anna. "Microbial diversity in Baltic Sea sediments /." Uppsala : Dept. of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200726.pdf.
Full textVidal, Dura Andrea. "Controls on microbial diversity and sediment biogeochemistry along a dynamic estuary." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/18218/.
Full textBarua, Sutapa. "Microbial Diversity and Zinc Toxicity to Pseudomonas sp. from Coeur d' Alene River Sediment." Thesis, Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/barua/BaruaS0807.pdf.
Full textNguyen, Thi Tuyet Nga. "Analysing the effect of industrial and urban polluted zones on microbial diversity in the SaiGon -DongNai river system (Vietnam)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS582/document.
Full textThe SaiGon-DongNai (SG-DN)river system is the most important major water source for all twelve Southern Vietnam cities and provinces and is now dramatically polluted by industrial and living activities, giving “a threat” to the lives of millions people sharing this water source. The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of Vietnam reported that the rivers received around 1.54 billion liters of waste water from 70 industrial parks per day, including 35 percent of untreated medical waste, and tests since 2006 have found pollution in this river has increased to “serious levels”, an especially high concentration of organic toxic substances. Until now, there is no data on the microbial diversity in SG-DN river system especially in the sediments, where most of the microbial biomass is generally located. The sediment samples were collected in 13 locations across the rivers representing warning polluted locations done by Mr. Nguyen Thanh Hung of the National Water Qualifying in SG-DN river system. In order to characterize the microbial populations present at our chosen sites, the total DNA from the environmental samples were extracted and amplified at the V3 to V1 regions of the 16S rDNA. The study revealed that microbial population changed from upstream to downstream at the phylum, genus and OTUs levels after running through the industrial and dense population zone. Moreover, the canals of the SG-DN river catchment are heavily polluted with high concentrations of organic compounds (PAHs) and possessed different bacterial communities compared to the samples from the rivers
Radl, Viviane. "Influence of trenbolone on the structural and functional diversity of microbial communities from a lake sediment." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=978952626.
Full textSuárez, Suárez Ana Belén. "Sulphate‐reducing bacterial diversity in a calcareous sandy sediment of Mallorca and community response to hydrocarbon contamination." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/84117.
Full textEsta tesis trata sobre el efecto de la contaminación por crudo de petróleo en el ecosistema costero mediterráneo y sobre el papel fundamental de los sedimentos marinos en la regulación y el mantenimiento de los procesos biogeoquímicos. El estudio presta especial atención a las comunidades bacterianas reductoras de sulfato y a su implicación en la degradación de contaminantes orgánicos. La diversidad, abundancia y fisiología de las bacterias reductoras de sulfato que habitan el sedimento arenoso del norte de Mallorca (Islas Baleares), fueron analizadas mediante un enfoque polifásico, basado en la combinación de experimentos in situ e in vitro, biología molecular clásica y de última generación, cultivos y determinación de actividades metabólicas. Los resultados obtenidos durante esta tesis demuestran que el sedimento mediterráneo alberga una microbiota autóctona que podría prosperar después de un derrame de crudo de petróleo y cuyo papel podría ser crucial para la transformación y la eliminación de compuestos orgánicos xenobióticos en este ambiente.
This thesis discusses the fate and behave of crude oil contamination in the Mediterranean coastal ecosystem, and the essential role of the marine sediments in the regulation and maintenance of biogeochemical processes. The study pays particular attention to the role of sulphate reducing bacterial communities in the degradation of organic matter and pollutants entering the Mediterranean environment. A polyphasic approach based in the combination of in situ and in vitro experiments, next generation and classical molecular biology, cultivation, and the determination of metabolic activities, provided first insights into the diversity, abundance and physiology of sulphate reducing bacteria inhabiting the undisturbed sandy sediment at the north of Mallorca (Balearic Islands). The results obtained during the thesis demonstrate that the undisturbed Mediterranean sediment harbours an autochthonous microbiota that could prosper after a crude oil spill and which role might be crucial for the transformation and removal of hazardous organic compounds in this environment.
Haynes, K. "Bacterial diversity in intertidal sediment : the effect of algal-derived carbohydrates : an in situ and microcosm approach." Thesis, University of Essex, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437824.
Full textMansoori, Amir Reza. "Study on Flow and Sediment Transport around Series of Spur Dikes with Different Head Shape." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/192160.
Full textSanderson, Louis M. "Changes in Fish Diversity Due To Hydrologic and Suspended Sediment Variability in the Sandusky River, Ohio: A Genetic Programming Approach." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1245699638.
Full textSanderson, Louis. "Changes in fish diversity due to hydrologic and suspended sediment variability in the Sandusky River, Ohio a genetic programming approach /." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1245699638.
Full textKervroëdan, Léa. "Plant traits and functional diversity effects on runoff and sediment retention : application to soil erosion control in temperate agricultural catchments." Thesis, Amiens, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AMIE0031/document.
Full textPlant-soil processes are driven and influenced by plant functional traits in vegetation communities. Concentrated runoff and erosion constitute the main cause of soil degradation and can be managed by herbaceous vegetation creating hydraulic roughness that induces flow velocity reduction and sediment retention. Using plant trait-based approach, unlike taxonomical approach, allows to understand and characterise the direct effects of the vegetation on runoff and sediment retention. This research project aims to deepen the knowledge regarding the effects of (i) plant functional traits (chapter 1), (ii) traits' complementarity (chapter 2) and (iii) functional diversity (chapter 3) on concentrated runoff and sediment retention processes, in order to evaluate the efficiency and design of herbaceous hedges to reduce the impacts of soil erosion in loamy European agricultural catchments. The identification of the main efficient traits and traits' combinations towards hydraulic roughness increase (stem density, diameter, leaf area and density) highlighted negatively correlated traits, suggesting that a trade-off could be reached within a plant species assemblage through a complementarity effect of the traits. However, non-additive effects of plant species diversity and functional diversity were found, both driven by dominant traits in the community. The effects of traits and functional diversity on the hydraulic roughness and sediment retention constitute a new advance in the understanding of plant trait assemblage on runoff and soil erosion processes and a baseline for the design and modelling of herbaceous hedges for runoff and erosion control
Rowlands, Gwilym. "Remote Sensing the Diversity, Distribution and Resilience of Coral Reef Environments." NSUWorks, 2013. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/75.
Full textPandolfo, Alana. "Efetividade de um corredor ecológico à manutenção da diversidade bentônica em ecossistemas aquáticos lóticos." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2014. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/705.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The presence of riparian vegetation is unquestionable for the water quality of streams and rivers, because it buffers impacts coming from the surroundings of these ecosystems, particularly in areas used for agricultural and livestock activities. In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate and compare the composition and structure of the benthic invertebrate community in two first order streams, one located in an ecological corridor and another in continuous vegetation, but not set up as a corridor. We assumed that the riparian vegetation is the main factor influencing the water quality of these environments, especially the one inside the ecological corridor. To test our hypothesis, bimonthly sediment samples were taken with kick sampling for community analysis in three regions (headwaters, middle and mouth) of each stream. Samples were subjected to subsampling technique and invertebrates were identified to genus levels. The distribution and composition of taxa were similar between the two streams, with the exception of the headwaters of Apepu. In this sampling site, the sediment type and the successional stage of the riparian vegetation were not conducive to the integrity of the benthic community. However, community reestablishment was observed along the longitudinal axis of the stream according to the characteristics of natural environments and the presence of sensitive organisms. Furthermore, the similarity in biotic and abiotic composition of both streams highlight the importance of creating one more ecological corridor in the riparian vegetation of the Gualberto Stream, covering its watershed. These actions seek to preserve and maintain the biological diversity of water resources and ensure that measures aimed at water resource management are implemented and enforced as provided for in environmental legislation.
Este trabalho teve o objetivo avaliar espacialmente a influência da vegetação ciliar para a formação de corredores ecológicos, através da comparação da fauna de zoobentos de dois riachos, localizados em áreas internas e externas a um Corredor de Biodiversidade. Foram realizadas coletas bimestrais do sedimento com o coletor kick sampling para análise da comunidade, em três regiões (nascente, meio e foz) de cada riacho. As amostras foram submetidas à técnica de subasmotragem e os invertebrados foram identificados à nível de gênero. A distribuição dos táxons foi semelhante entre os dois riachos, com excessão da nascente do Apepu. Nesse ponto amostral o tipo de sedimento e o estágio sucessional da vegetação ciliar influenciaram negativamente na composição da comunidade. No entanto, foi possível observar a capacidade de resiliência desse riacho, através do reestabelecimento da comunidade de acordo com as carcaterísticas de ambientais naturais e a presença de organismos sensíveis. Devido a similaridade na composição biótica e abiótica ressaltamos a importância da criação de um corredor ecológico na região de mata ciliar do riacho Gualberto, a fim de preservar e manter a diversidade da comunidade de macroinvertebrados bentônicos na da região.
Domingues, Mercia Regina. "Investigação sobre a diversidade microbiana e a filogenia de arquéias e bactérias em consórcios anaeróbios metanogênicos, originados de sedimentos estuarinos enriquecidos com clorofenóis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-01122008-165904/.
Full textThis work aimed to investigate microbial diversity and phylogeny of archaea and bacteria microrganisms methanogenic in estuarine sediment samples enriched with organic sources under methanogenic and halophlic conditions. The samples were obtained from previous study on anaerobic degradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP). Microbial studies were done by the molecular methods without cultivation requirement, Denaturing Gradient Del Electrophoresis (DGGE) and specific segments of 16S rDNA sequencing. DGGE-profile showed structure changes in microbial community. Probably, as a consequence of \'O IND.2\' intake and accumulation of chlorinated compounds, mainly 2,6-DCP, in the culture medium. The beta diversity estimation showed that changes in arquaea and bacteria communities probably occurred as a consequence of the two enrichment strategies used for estuarine indigenous microorganisms, pasteurization and non-pasteurization of the estuarine sediments samples. Phylogenetic analysis indicated the presence of gram-positive bacterium with low G+C content related to Clostridiales Order (100%) belonging to Firmicutes Phylum, as well as related to methanogenic archaea from Methanobacteriales (7,1%), Methanosarcinales (14,3%) and Methanomicrobiales (57,1%) Order. Non-identified archaeas from Euryarchaeota Phylum were also found (21,4%). Concerning to bacterias, it was identified clones related to genera Sedimentibacter, Clostridium and Alkalibacter, which have fermentative metabolism and require yeast extract to grow. Probably, bacterial cells analised in this work fermented glucose and pyruvate producing lactate, ethanol, butirate, acetate, formiate and hydrogen/carbon dioxide. All these products could be used for other microbial groups in the global process of anaerobic digestion. The bacterial microorganisms were important to global process of chlorophenol degradation because contributed in the overall process utilizing the products partially degraded by other bacterias and preventing its accumulation in the system. Identified archaeal cells were related to hydrogenotrophs microorganisms of the genera Methanosaeta, Methanoculleus, Methanocalculus and Methanobacterium, which utilized the bacterial fermentation sub-products as acetate, \'H IND.2\'/\'CO IND.2\' and formiate as substrate for the methanogenesis, contributing for the maintenance of the balance of other reactions occurred in the system. The results of this work give advanced knowledge about understanding biotechnological process of contaminated ecosystems by chlorinated compounds. Therefore, it could contribute to development of new biotechnological processes applied to environmental problems.
Queiroz, Luciano Lopes. "Padrões de diversidade microbiana em sedimentos marinhos profundos influenciados por uma exsudação de asfalto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42132/tde-26082015-171953/.
Full textDeep-sea sediments are stable and homogeneous environments, however, they have a high variety of available habitats, allowing a high microbial diversity to occur. Microbial spatial distribution is determined by local and regional factors. Local factors are associated to environment structure and regional factors, to microbial dispersal limitation and historical events that may cause environmental changes. Historical events such as hydrocarbon emanation from sub-seafloor to seafloor may change the patterns of microbial spatial distribution, due to an increase of carbon, thus, selecting species capable to degrade them. These events are denominated as asphalt seep and they were found on the studied region. Considering the lack of knowledge and the importance of microorganisms on deep-sea sediments from South Atlantic ocean, this study aims to understand the patterns of microbial spatial distribution and how the oil from asphalt seep influence the microbial communities. This study was realized in São Paulo Plateau region. The plateau was divided in two regions, north and south. Microbial diversity was studied from 14 deep-sea sediment samples, nine samples from north region and five from south region. The asphalt seep was found in north region from São Paulo Plateau, directly affecting three of the nine samples. The communities were studied through denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), quantitative PCR (qPCR) and next generation sequencing (Ion Torrent). The spatial distribution of the communities was analyzed at different spatial scales: sediment depth (≤ 4 cm), local (1-34 Km) and regional (> 250 Km). Microbial communities were less similar between regions and showing relation with geographic distance to achaea and bacteria. Similarity values within regions were higher then between them, but the geographic distance was also important to both domains, despite samples being closer. Similarity values between sediment depths were high and have no relation with geographic distance. The cell number between sediment depths was different, with tendency to decrease with depth increase. The most abundant classes were Alphaproteobacteria (30%), Acidimicrobiia (18%), Gammaproteobacteria (16%), Deltaproteobacteria e Gemmatimonadetes (3%). The communities composition influenced by asphalt seep have no relation with oil presence and sediment depths. Geographic distance and asphalt seep were important factors to determine the spatial distribution of microbial communities in deep-sea sediments from São Paulo Plateau. Despite the absence of relation between oil from asphalt seep and communities composition, the high abundance of Alphaproteobacteria and the importance of distance within north region are indicative of heterogeneity increase caused by asphalt seep. More studies aiming to understand the geochemical composition from sediments and oil are necessary to explain how these factors influence the communities structure.
Bleul, Catrin. "Molekularbiologische Analyse mikrobieller Gemeinschaften in Talsperrensedimenten." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1097570982718-83940.
Full textBlythe, Demitra E. "Assessing the Ecological Implications of the Altered Flow and Sediment Regimes of the Rio Grande Along the West Texas-Mexico Border." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7358.
Full textGill, Hardeep. "The Effect of Aluminium Industry Effluents on Sediment Bacterial Communities." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23423.
Full textSeitz, Steffen [Verfasser], and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Scholten. "Mechanisms of Soil Erosion in Subtropical Chinese Forests - Effects of Species Diversity, Species Identity, Functional Traits and Soil Fauna on Sediment Discharge / Steffen Seitz ; Betreuer: Thomas Scholten." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1197693580/34.
Full textDurbin, Alan Teske Andreas. "Microbial diversity of oligotrophic marine sediments." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2627.
Full textTitle from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 5, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Department of Marine Sciences." Discipline: Marine Sciences; Department/School: Marine Sciences.
Brink, C. J. "Bend diversion to minimise sediment intake." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16262.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: The primary aim of the research was to determine the optimum diversion location in a curved channel to minimise the abstraction of sediment. The secondary aim was to determine the optimum diversion angle for a diversion channel located on the outside of a bend at the optimum diversion location. The velocity distribution in the curved channel was investigated to try obtain a better understanding of curvilinear flow. The scour patterns in the channel were monitored in order to compare them with the measured velocity distributions. Simulations were carried out with the DELFT 3D (hydrodynamics) and Mike21C (sediment dynamics) modelling programmes and compared with the results obtained from laboratory experiments and with existing empirical formulas. The optimum diversion location was found to be located on the outside of the bend in the downstream section of the bend. Three main scour zones were identified with the third scour zone at the location of the maximum velocity. The location of the maximum velocity was found to be relatively constant with varying Froude numbers, but moving in the downstream direction with increasing radius of curvature-to-width ratio. The velocity distributions in the horizontal and vertical planes are well defined and correspond to descriptions in the literature. It is evident that the diverted discharge ratio increases with an increase in the diversion angle while it decreases with an increase in Froude number. Higher Froude numbers in the curved channel lead to more favourable conditions for the diversion of water. The diversion does not influence the secondary flow patterns (for the range of Diversion Discharge Ratio’s tested) and that the maximum velocity zone stayed in the same location as in the tests without a diversion. The hydrodynamics of the laboratory experiments were well simulated with the DELFT 3D hydrodynamic model, using three-dimensional and two-dimensional formulations. Mike21C was used to simulate the sediment dynamics of some of thelaboratory experiments that gave relatively good agreement with experimental data. A two-dimensional depth averaged model could therefore be used with reliability to simulate field conditions in relatively shallow rivers, and is preferred to empirical methods to predict maximum scour that were calibrated under very specific hydraulic conditions.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die primêre doel van navorsing was om die optimum uitkeer-posisie in ‘n draai te bepaal om sodoende sediment onttrekking te minimiseer. Die sekondêre doel was om die optimum uitkeringshoek vir ‘n uitkeerkanaal te bepaal wat geleë is aan die buitekant van ‘n draai by die voorgestelde optimum uitkeer-posisie. Die snelheidsverspreiding in die draai was ook ondersoek om te probeer om spiraalvloei beter te verstaan. Die uitskuurpatrone in die kanaal is ook gemonitor om dit te kon vergelyk met die gemete snelheidsverspreiding. Numeriese simulasies is gedoen met DELFT 3D (hidrodinamika) en Mike21C (sediment dinamika) modelleringsprogrammatuur en is vergelyk met die resultate van die laboratorium eksperimente asook met die van bestaande empiriese vergelykings. Daar is gevind dat die optimum uitkeer-posisie aan die buitekant van ‘n draai aan die stroomaf-kant van die draai geleë is. Drie hoof uitskurings-areas is gevind terwyl die derde area ooreenstem met die posisie van maksimum snelheid. Die posisie waar die maksimum snelheid voorkom is relatief konstant met ‘n verandering in Froude-getal, maar beweeg in die stroomaf-rigting met ‘n styging in die radius-tot-wydte verhouding. Die vertikale en horisontale snelheidsverspreiding is goed gedefinieer en stem ooreen met soortgelyke beskrywings in die literatuur. Die uitkeer-vloei verhouding styg met ‘n stygende uitkeerhoek terwyl dit daal met ‘n styging in Froude-getal. Daar is ook gevind dat groter Froude-getalle meer gunstige omstandighede skep vir die uitkeer van water. Die uitkeer-kanaal beïnvloed nie die sekondêre vloei-patrone nie (vir die reeks van uitkeer vloei-verhoudings wat getoetsis) en die sone van maksimum snelheid bly in dieselfde omgewing vir hierdie toetse as vir die toetse sonder ‘n uitkeer kanaal. Die hidrodinamika van die laboratorium eksperimente is goed gesimuleer m.b.v die DELFT 3D numeriese program, terwyl Mike21C gebruik is om die sedimentdinamika te simuleer. Die resultate van die Mike21C simulasies vergelyk relatief goed met die eksperimentele data en kan met ‘n redelike graad van vertroue aangewend word om veldkondisies te simuleer in relatiewe vlak riviere. Dit word aanbeveel bo die empiriese vergelykings om maksimum uitskuring te voorspel aangesien die empiriese vergelykings gekalibreer is vir baie spesifieke hidroulise kondisies.
Luglia, Mathieu. "Caractérisation et facteurs structurants des fonctions microbiennes des sédiments de la zone intertidale en Guyane française : des vasières estuariennes aux mangroves matures." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4340/document.
Full textUnder equatorial conditions, coastal sediments of intertidal mudflats form an ecological continuum, from bare mud being stabilized to soil settled by various mangrove facies. Edaphic microbial functions of terrestrial ecosystems are extensively documented; on the contrary, this is not the case with regards to sedimentary environment. This study had the main objective defining the drivers of the spatiotemporal variability of microbial functions (aerobic respiration, metabolic diversity, and enzyme activities) in coastal sediments of French Guiana. These researches were carried out according to biological colonization states (mudflats, pioneer and mature mangroves) and using various spatiotemporal scales considering the fundamental role of the hydro-sedimentary instability and potential variability due to hydro-climatic seasons. Different factors which can influence microbial functions were studied: i) the chemical quality (13C solid-state NMR) of OM with respect to vegetation presence and composition, and its development state; ii) the physicochemical characteristics of sediments and porewaters according to localization and topography of the different mangrove facies. Generally, results showed the importance of hydro-sedimentary instability for the establishment and structuring of microbial functions. Moreover, giving the different models, structuring factors were variables. However, OM, in terms of quantity and quality, was overriding for the expression of these functions and this was true for the evolution states from mudflat to young mangrove. By contrast, it appeared much more difficult discerning generalizable drivers for mature mangroves
Franco, Diego Armando Castillo. "Estudo da diversidade molecular de bactérias e arquéias e enriquecimento de comunidades metanogênicas em sedimentos marinhos antárticos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-06122014-091409/.
Full textMarine sediment of the Antarctic Peninsula is a susceptible area to environmental changes. However, little is known about the microbial communities inhabiting this ecosystem, including its diversity, distribution and variations over time. The aim of this study was to determine the structure of microbial communities present in marine sediments of Admiralty Bay, King George Island, on the Antarctic Peninsula. Sediments from Admiralty Bay shown a predominance of the Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria phyla. Temporal analysis revealed that microbial communities in sediment, near Ferraz station, are more stable compared to that in the sediments in areas of lower human activity. No variation on the community structure was observed in depth gradient, indicating tolerance to hydrostatic pressure variations. Heterotrophic organisms of the genera Psychrobacter, Psychromonas and Loktanella were the most abundant, suggesting a high concentration of organic matter in the sediment. Enrichment of methanogenic cultures enrichment yielded 1.70 mmol of CH4. This study suggests that conditions in sediments favoring metabolism of heterotrophic and psychrophilic organisms.
Hamilton, Heather C. "A molecular method for assessing meiofauna diversity in marine sediments." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000624.
Full textHamilton, Heather C. "A Molecular Approach to Assessing Meiofauna Diversity in Marine Sediments." Scholar Commons, 2003. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1382.
Full textCompte, Port Sergi. "Factors affecting the distribution, abundance and diversity of uncultured archaeal groups in freshwater sediments." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/663927.
Full textEls arqueus abunden en ambients extrems però també són un component rellevant dels sòls, del plàncton oceànic i lacustre i dels sediments. Molts estudis han destacat la importància dels arqueus en els cicles de nutrients dels sediments marins tant a escala local com global. En canvi, es disposa de menys informació sobre la diversitat, abundància i paper que juguen els arqueus en sediments d’aigua dolça a excepció dels metanògens. Com a dificultat afegida, la majoria d’arqueus sedimentaris no s’han pogut cultivar encara al laboratori, el que dificulta el seu estudi. La solució a aquests problemes passa per l’aplicació de tècniques moleculars que permeten la identificació i recompte dels microorganismes diana sense necessitat de cultivar-los. En aquesta tesi s’han combinat diferents tècniques moleculars (seqüenciació massiva i PCR quantitativa) per a conèixer la distribució, abundància i composició de les comunitats d’arqueus en sediments de sistemes aquàtics d’aigua dolça (llacs, llacunes i embassaments amb diferents condicions i tipologies). La tesi s’ha centrat en dos grups d’arqueus que són ubics i especialment abundants en sediments: el fílum Bathyarchaeota i la classe Thermoplasmata
Thompson, Chris J. Physical Environmental & Mathematical Sciences Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "The geomorphology of Southeast Australian mountain streams." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38681.
Full textZhang, Wen. "Dynamics and diversity of prokaryotic communities in marine sediments of Hong Kong /." View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?AMCE%202007%20ZHANG.
Full textNigro, Lisa M. "Distribution and Diversity of Bacterial Chemolithotrophs in Marine and Freshwater Sediments." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2006. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/NigroLM2006.pdf.
Full textPfoller, Stacy Lynn. "DIVERSITY AND ACTIVITY OF SPHINGOMONAS IN PAH-IMPACTED SOILS AND SEDIMENTS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin984589035.
Full textVan, Heerden Morne Jandre. "Control of sediment diversion in run-of-river hydropower schemes." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71849.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Sedimentation and the effects it has on turbine blades was the primary problem identified in run-of-river (RoR) hydropower schemes. Sedimentation in RoR hydropower schemes also increases trash rack blockage and reduces energy output in the long-term. Damage occurs to all underwater parts that come into contact with sediment. The main concern is sediment passing through the hydropower intake and causing turbine damage. The reason for the abrasion and cavitation of turbine blades is increased sediment loads in river channels. This problem can be overcome in two ways. The first is the use of existing lakes or reservoir storage upstream as natural sand traps, and the second is by investigating the three features associated with river bend diversion, which are: the optimum diversion location in a river bend to minimise the abstraction of sediment, the optimum diversion structure angle to limit coarse sediment diversion, and the sediment load diverted through the intake. The first objective of the research was investigated by construction of a physical model of a curved river channel to determine the location of the deepest scour forming on the outside of the bend. The second objective was to test the diversion orientation to maximize the local scour and thereby limiting sediment diversion at the intake. A third objective was to compare mathematical 2D model simulated scour results with the findings of the laboratory tests to evaluate the reliability of the numerical model predictions. Finally different diverted discharge ratios were tested with different intake setups in the physical model, to evaluate the sediment load diverted. . The first experiment in the curved laboratory channel was to predict where the deepest scour takes place without a diversion structure. This was then followed by placing a diversion structure at the maximum scour position, retrieved from experiment one, and by angling the structure with reference to the flow direction. The flow direction vector was placed as a tangent to the bend and orientated at angles of 0⁰, 30⁰, 45⁰ and 60⁰ into the bend direction. The optimum diversion location was found to be positioned on the outside of the bend, approximately 60⁰ into the channel bend. The final position of maximum scour in a 90⁰ bend corresponds with the Sediment Committee and the Chinese Hydraulic Engineering Societies (1992) prediction of 60⁰ into the bend. The optimal diversion had a 30⁰ angle to the flow direction, as this presented the most efficient and effective scouring in front of the model intake. Numerical simulations were performed with the CCHE 2D (hydrodynamics and sediment dynamics) modelling program. The numerical results were compared to the physical results to validate CCHE as a beneficial simulation tool. It was found that the numerical model predicted the scour depths at the intakes tested with an accuracy of 43.8%, which is within the accuracy range of the sediment transport equation used by the numerical model. The final experiment was the diversion of sediment with different intake level heights and discharges. It was evident from the results that low sediment diversion ratios were achieved with a diverted discharge ratio of 50% or less. The intake elevation highest above the channel bed diverted the least sediment. The interrelationship between Diverted Discharge Ratio (DDR), Diverted Froude number Ratio (DFrR) and Diverted Sediment load Ratio (SDR) was established in the study. It is recommended that RoR schemes have sand traps downstream of the diversion structures and that turbines are coated with HVOF to overcome the power loss arising due to the excessive erosion of hydro turbines.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sedimentasie en die invloed wat dit het op turbines was die primêre probleem geïdentifiseer in “run-of-river” (RoR) hidrokrag-skemas. Die sediment wat saam met die water uit ‟n rivier uitgekeer word beskadig die inlaatrooster en verlaag kragopwekking in die langtermyn. Skade word aangerig aan alle onderwatertoerusting en masjinerie wat aan sediment blootgestel word. Die grootste probleem tydens die uitkering van water is die growwe sediment wat daarmee deur die onttrekking inlaat gaan en turbineskade veroorsaak. Soos wat die sedimentlading in die rivier drasties toeneem, sal afslyting en kavitasie van turbinelemme meer gereeld voorkom. Dié probleem kan op twee maniere beperk word. Die een is die gebruik van bestaande opgaardamme stroomop, en die tweede is deur die ondersoek van drie kenmerke van rivierdraaie en uitkeringstrukture, bv. die optimale uitskurings posisie in 'n rivierdraai (sonder ʼn struktuur) om die diepste uitskuringposisie op die buitekant van die draai te bepaal, die optimale uitkeringsstruktuuroriëntasie wat maksimum uitskuring verseker en die sediment uitkering beperk, en die lading van sedimentonttrekking deur die inlaat. Die eerste doelwit van die navorsing is ondersoek deur ʼn fisiese model te bou van ʼn kronkelkanaal en te bepaal waar die diepste uitskring plaasvind op die buitekant van die draai. Die tweede doelwit van die studie was om die optimale uitkeringshoek te bepaal vir 'n uitkeringstruktuur sodat die uitskuring by die inlaat ʼn maksimum is om die uitkering van sediment te beperk. ʼn Derde doelwit was om die akkuraatheid van ʼn wiskundige model se uitskuring voorspelling te toets teen die waargenome laboratorium resultate. Die finale doelwit was om vir verskillende inlaatontwerpe, rivier- en uitkeervloeie die sedimentladings wat uitgekeer word te ondersoek. Die eerste eksperiment in die kronkelende kanaal was voorberei om die optimale uitskuring in die draai te bepaal. Dit is gevolg deur toetse met uitkeerstrukture by die maksimum uitskurings posisie te plaas en die hoek van die struktuur dan te verander met verwysing na die vloeirigting. Die vloeirigting vektor was as 'n raaklyn geplaas op die kanaal draai en georiënteer met hoeke: 0⁰, 30⁰, 45⁰ en 60⁰, in die rigting van die draai. Die optimale uitskurings posisie was aan die buiterand van die kanaal draai gevind, ongeveer 60⁰ in die draai in. Die maksimum uitskuur posisie van 'n 90⁰ kanaal draai stem ooreen met SC en CHES (1992) se resultaat van 60⁰ in die draai in. Daar was ook genoegsame bewyse dat 'n optimale uitkeerwerke oriëntasie van 30⁰ die doeltreffendste en effektiefste uitskuring sal gee. Numeriese simulasies is deur middel van 'n twee dimensionele wiskundige model CCHE 2D (hidro- en sedimentdinamika) uitgevoer. Die numeriese resultate was vergelyk met die laboratoriumresultate om die CCHE program te verifieer as 'n voordelige simulasie program. Daar is gevind dat die wiskundige model die uitskuurdieptes by die inlate met ʼn akkuraatheid van 43.8 % voorspel, wat binne die akkuraatheid is van die sedimentvervoervergelyking wat deur die numeriese model gebruik word. Die finale eksperiment was die uitkering van sediment met verskillende inlaathoogtes en uitkerings sedimentladings. Uit die toetse was dit duidelik dat 'n lae sediment uitkeerverhouding behaal kan word met 'n uitkeerverhouding van 50% en minder. Verdere waarnemings het ook gewys dat die inlaathoogte van die uitkeerstruktuur met die optimale resultate die hoogste bokant die rivierbedding was. Die verwantskap tussen die uitgekeerde deurstromingverhouding, die uitgekeerde Froude getal verhouding en die uitgekeerde sedimentlading is bepaal in die navorsing. Dit word aanbeveel dat sandvangkanale stroomaf van uitkeerwerke geplaas word en dat turbines met HVOF as bedekkingsmateriaal beskerm word om kragverliese as gevolg van buitensporige erosie van die turbines te voorkom.
Prieto-Davó, Alejandra. "Phylogenetic and chemical diversity of marine-derived actinomycetes from Southern California sediments." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3296893.
Full textTitle from first page of PDF file (viewed April 7, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-127).
Tang, Chao. "Microbial diversity studies in sediments of perennially ice-covered lakes, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica." Diss., [Riverside, Calif.] : University of California, Riverside, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1957340921&SrchMode=2&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1269022997&clientId=48051.
Full textIncludes abstract. Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Title from first page of PDF file (viewed March 20, 2010). Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in print.
O'Neill, Andrew. "The microbial diversity of wetland sediments constructed to treat acid mine drainage as determined by molecular techniques /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16527.pdf.
Full textDu, Plessis Lodewicus Johannes. "Hydraulic model investigation of sediment control measures at low weir river diversion works." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96954.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Rivers are one of the earth's major readily available sources of fresh water. Abstractions from rivers are however not without problems. Firstly, river ow is variable and to deliver a constant yield is difficult. Secondly, rivers transport sediment which will be included in the diverted ow. Sediment control at diversion works have been studied for many years and this study attempts to gain further knowledge on certain sediment control features of diversion works. Sediment control at diversion works and abstraction works is crucial to prolong the life of the mechanical components like pumps and turbines. A Commonly used diversion works design is one with a low weir and a graveltrap. The weir dams water for abstraction, which is of importance in South Africa with its variable rainfall and river ow. The study focused on the following design features of diversion works: (1) the intake angle, which is the angle at which the structure is pushed into the river, (2) the intake opening height above a datum, (3) the river ow range where sediment is sufficiently scoured from the graveltrap and (4) the efficiency and river ow range of sediment ushing through a sluice gate at the graveltrap. A Physical model study was conducted in the laboratory of the University of Stellenbosch, which consisted of designing the diversion works that were to be tested. The designs were based on guidelines from previous studies, case studies and hydraulic principles. The above mentioned features (1-4) were studied at three structures with prototype weir sizes of 2.5 m, 3.5 m and 4.5 m. The river was modelled as a straight rectangular channel with a loose bed surface, which was simulated with crushed peach pips. Sediment was also fed into the system with a conveyor belt feed system. Pumps were used to abstract water and sediment through the intake opening, during the diverted sediment tests. Flow was diverted at a specific ow rate for each structure. The diverted sediment was caught and weighed. Each structure was designed to divert sediment through one of three intake opening heights, to determine whether a higher intake opening sufficiently reduces the amount of diverted sediment. The self-scour efficiency at the graveltrap was determined with a sediment level survey in the graveltrap. From the survey a clearance ow was determined, which is the minimum river ow that clears the intake opening of sediment along its complete length. It was also determined what intake angle induces secondary ow which results in the lowest clearance ow. The sediment ushing through the sluice gate was evaluated by recording the time it takes a full graveltrap to be ushed clean at various river ow rates. The maximum river ow at which the graveltrap still ushes efficiently was determined for each structure. It was found that between the 300, 450 and 600 intake angle that were tested, the 60 0 angle yields the lowest diverted sediment ratio (DSR) over the range of structures as well as river ows tested. The tests yielded a river ow at each structure where the DSR is at minimum. During the self-scour tests of the graveltrap, it was determined that a 450 intake angle promotes better self-scour at the graveltrap. To promote both features, a 450 intake angle is suggested, as it reduces diverted sediment and has a lower risk of issues due to too large ow constriction. The intake opening height was evaluated with analysis of diverted load and concentration. The conclusions on the intake opening vary between structure sizes. In the case of the smallest structure, with a 2.5 m weir height, the improvement observed for intake openings higher than the first (lowest) were variable. In the case of the 3.5 m weir structure, the results showed three consecutive intake openings could be feasible. In the case of the 4.5 m weir structure, less improvement was observed between the highest two intakes. Flood frequency should determine whether an intake opening with top-of-inlet of 1.6 m or 3.3 m above the minimum operating level should be designed. It was observed during the sediment ushing tests that submergence of either the graveltrap wall and/or the downstream water level affects the ushing efficiency. y3/y2, which is the downstream ow depth over the contracted ow depth under the sluice gate of the graveltrap, was evaluated as an indicator of efficient ushing. The study found that a good guideline would be to ush during river ows where y3/y2 < 1, while also ensuring the ow over the graveltrap wall entrains the sediment in the graveltrap. A figure which plots the downstream ow depth over sluice gate opening size was developed to serve as an operational guideline to efficient sediment ushing. The figure shows zones of efficient and non-efficient ushing. Further, the observed sediment ushing and self-scour ranges at each structure are also represented graphically. The fact that there was designed for a specific river scenario and also the lack of varied model sediment size, limits the applicability of the findings and conclusions.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Riviere is van die aarde se hoof, maklik beskikbare bronne van vars water. Onttrekking uit riviere is wel nie sonder probleme nie. Eerstens is rivier vloei wisselvallig en om 'n konstante lewering te handhaaf is moeilik. Tweedens, vervoer riviere sediment wat ingesluit sal wees in die uitgekeerde vloei. Sediment beheer by uitkeerwerke word al vir baie jare bestudeer en hierdie studie poog om verdere kennis te verkry oor sekere sediment beheer funksies van uitkeerwerke. Sediment beheer by uitkeerwerke en onttrekkingswerke is noodsaaklik om die lewensduur van meganiese komponente soos pompe en turbines te verleng. 'n Algemeen toegepaste uitkeerwerke ontwerp is een met n lae keerwal en gruisvangkanaal. Die keerwal dam water op, wat nodig kan wees om die lewering te handhaaf, veral met Suid-Afrika se wisselvallige reënval en rivier vloei. Die studie het gefokus op die volgende ontwerp funksies van uitkeerwerke: (1) die inlaathoek, wat die hoek is waarteen die struktuur in die rivier ingedruk is, (2) die inlaatopening hoogte bo 'n datum, (3) die rivier vloei reeks waar sediment voldoende uitgeskuur word uit die gruisvangkanaal uit en (4) die effektiwiteit en rivier vloei reeks van 'n sediment spoel aksie deur 'n sluishek in die gruisvangkanaal. 'n Fisiese model studie was onderneem in die laboratorium van die Universiteit van Stellenbosch, wat bestaan het uit die ontwerp van die uitkeerwerke wat getoets sou word. Die ontwerp is gebasseer op riglyne van vorige studies, gevallestudies en hirouliese beginsels. Die bogenoemde funksies (1-4) was bestudeer by drie strukture met prototipe keerwal hoogtes van 2.5 m, 3.5 m en 4.5 m. Die rivier was gemodelleer as 'n reguit, reghoekige kanaal met 'n los bed oppervlakte, wat gesimuleer is met fyngemaakte perske pitte. Sediment was ook in die sisteem ingevoer met 'n vervoerband voer sisteem. Pompe was gebruik om water en sediment te onttrek deur die inlaatopening tydens die uitgekeerde sediment toetse. Vloei was uitgekeer teen 'n spesifieke vloeitempo vir elke struktuur. Die uitgekeerde sediment was gevang en geweeg. Elke struktuur was ontwerp om sediment uit te keer deur een van drie inlaatopening hoogtes, om te bepaal of 'n hoër inlaatopening hoogte die hoeveelheid uitgekeerde sediment voldoende verminder. Die self-uitskuur effektiwiteit van die gruisvangkanaal was bepaal deur 'n sediment vlak opmeting in die gruisvangkanaal. Vanaf die opmeting was 'n skoonmaak vloei bepaal, wat die minimum rivier vloei is wat die inlaatopening skoon maak van sediment oor die totale lengte. Dit was ook bepaal watter inlaathoek veroorsaak sekondêre vloei wat die laagste skoonmaak vloei oplewer. Die sediment spoel aksie deur die sluishek was geëvalueer deur die tyd wat dit neem om 'n vol gruisvangkanaal skoon te spoel, teen verskeie rivier vloeitempos te bepaal. 'n Maksimum rivier vloei waarteen die guisvangkanaal steeds effektiewelik skoon spoel was bepaal vir elke struktuur. Dit was bevind dat tussen die 300, 450 en 600 inlaathoeke wat getoets is, lewer die 600 hoek die laagste uitgekeerde sediment verhouding (USV) oor die reeks van strukture, asook rivier vloeitempos wat getoets is. Die toetse het 'n rivier vloei opgelewer by elke struktuur, waar USV 'n minimum was. Gedurende die self-uitskuur toetse was dit bepaal dat 'n 450 inlaathoek beter uitskuur in die gruisvangkanaal bevorder. Om beide funksies te bevorder word 'n 450 inlaathoek voorgestel, omdat dit ook uitgekeerde sediment verminder en 'n laer risiko van probleme as gevolg van te groot vloei vernouing het. Die inlaatopening hoogte was geëvalueer met analise van die uitgekeerde sediment lading en konsentrasie. Die gevolgtrekkings oor die inlaatopening hoogte varieer tussen struktuur groottes. In die geval van die kleinste struktuur, met 'n 2.5 m keerwal hoogte, was die verbetering wat waargeneem was by inlaatopeninge hoër as die eerste (laagste) inlaat, wisselvallig. In die geval van 'n 3.5 m keerwal struktuur het die resultate getoon dat drie opeenvolgende inlaatopeninge kan uitvoerbaar wees. In die geval van 'n 4.5 m keerwal struktuur was minder verbetering waargeneem tussen die hoogste twee inlate. Vloed frekwensie moet bepaal of 'n inlaatopening hoogte met 'n bokant-van-inlaat vlak van 1.6 m of 3.3 m bo minimun bedryfvlak moet ontwerp word. Dit was waargeneem dat gedurende die sediment spoel toetse dat versuiping van die gruisvangkanaal muur en/of die stroomaf watervlak die spoel effektiwiteit beïnvloed. y3/y2, wat die stroomaf vloeidiepte oor die vernoude vloeidiepte onder die sluishek van die gruisvangkanaal is, was geëvalueer as 'n indikator van effektiewe spoel aksie. Die studie het bevind dat 'n goeie riglyn sal wees om te spoel tydens rivier vloeie waar y3/y2 < 1 is, terwyl dit ook verseker moet word dat vloei oor die gruisvang kanaal sediment meevoer in die gruisvangkanaal. 'n Figuur wat die stroomaf vloeidiepte teenoor die sluisopening grootte plot was ontwikkel om te dien as 'n bedryfsriglyn tot effektiewe spoel aksie. Die figuur toon zones van effektiewe en nie-effektiewe spoel aksie aan. Verder is die waargeneemde sediment spoel aksie en self-uitskuur reekse van elke struktuur ook grafies voorgestel. Die feit dat daar ontwerp is vir 'n spesifieke rivier scenario asook die gebrek aan variëerende model sediment grootte, beperk die toepasbaarheid van die bevindings en gevolgtrekkings.
Hieke, Anne-Sophie Charlotte. "Diversity and distribution of bacterial communities in dioxin-contaminated sediments from the Houston ship channel." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2796.
Full textOliveira, Cynthia. "Diversité des intégrons dans des sédiments estuariens anthropisés." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR093.
Full textIntegrons are bacterial genetic platforms allowing acquisition and expression of genes. Clinical integrons play a major role in the strong increase of antibiotic multi-resistant bacteria recently observed. However, in the environment, they represent only a tiny fraction of the large integron diversity. Therefore, the aims of this thesis were (i) estimating the extent of the integron diversity in the environment, (ii) understanding phenomena responsible for integron pool structure in anthropized estuarine sediments and (iii) looking for integrons potentially proxy of chemical pollution level. The research of class 1, 2 and 3 integrons and the analysis of E. coli populations in sediments from the Risle drainage basin impacted by well-characterized fecal contamination sources show that E. coli strains with human origins were spread on short distances during low water level periods. However, class 1 integrons are spread on slightly longer distances and remain present in the 12 first centimeters of sediments at least. A methodology was developed allowing, for the first time, the analysis of integron diversity by high-throughput sequencing. In this way, the analysis of a 4.8 meter core sediment from the fluvial Seine estuary highlighted several thousands integron classes including many new integrases absent from data bases. Integron diversity decreases along with depth. Class 1 integrons are the majority integrons in surface sediments but their abundance strongly decreases in deep sediments. Class 1 integron abundance rather responds positively to chemical pollutions accentuating the idea that class 1 integrons could be used as proxy of recent anthropogenic pollutions. In the sediment core, three integron classes outshine the whole dataset: they represent 38% of all the sequences from the sediment core. However, abundances of these three majority integron classes rather respond negatively to chemical pollution levels. Integron pool structure is highly correlated to bacterial community diversity but seems to be partially independent to bacterial community diversity within two deep fractions from the sediment core: in these two sediment fractions, a new integron class outshines the rest of integron classes and seems to be specific to these two sediment fractions. Furthermore, this new integron class seems to be selected by PAH
Allen, Jennifer. "Ammonia oxidation potential and microbial diversity in sediments from experimental bench-scale oxygen-activated nitrification wetlands." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2009/J_Allen_061109.pdf.
Full textTitle from PDF title page (viewed on July 15, 2009). "Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering." Includes bibliographical references (p. 21-31).
Mills, Heath Jordan. "Microbial diversity in sediments and gas hydrates associated with cold seeps in the Gulf of Mexico." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2004. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-07072004-215909/unrestricted/Mills%5FHeath%5FJ%5F200407%5Fphd.pdf.
Full textFrank Loeffler, Committee Member ; Roger Wartell, Committee Member ; Joseph Montoya, Committee Member ; Thomas DiChristina, Committee Member ; Patricia Sobecky, Committee Chair. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
Li, Meng, and 李猛. "Diversity of anammox bacteria in coastal and ocean sediments and interactions among ammonia oxidizers and nitrite reducers." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46924681.
Full textQueiroz, Silva Silvana de. "Activity and diversity of sulphate-reducing bacteria and methanogenic archaea in contrasting sediments from the River Colne estuary." Thesis, University of Essex, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409980.
Full textScheer, Maria. "Charakterisierung der Diversität von Mikroorganismen im Nationalpark “Unteres Odertal”." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-63999.
Full textVera, Mabel Patricia Ortiz. "Caracterização da comunidade fúngica do sedimento e da água do rio Tietê." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42132/tde-10052016-103733/.
Full textAquatic fungi are the most decomposer microbial group of organic substances, developing a key role in nutrient cycling, energy flow and biological equilibrium. Brazil is considered one of the countries with the highest biodiversity, hence, few studies exist about microbial diversity in aquatic environments and the damage of pollution. Tiete River was studied in order to characterize the diversity of water fungi and the sediment of the river basin through independent and dependent culture techniques and correlate them to environmental variables. Therefore, the fungal diversity was evaluated in 30 points of water between August - November of 2013, and February - April of 2014 and 10 sediment points, between August - October of 2013 and July - September of 2014. 451 and 442 Terminal Restriction Fragments - TRFs were obtained for the first and second collection of water, and 349 and 354 TRFs for the sediment collection. The redundancy analyses - RDA showed the grouping of samples according to water quality index, being the pH, temperature, nitrate and DO the most significant parameters for the structuring of water; and cadmium, nickel and zinc of sediment, confirming that the change of these parameters may modify the structure of the fungal community in Tiete River.
Inforsato, Fábio José [UNESP]. "Fungos de sedimentos marinhos da Antártica: diversidade e prospecção de enzimas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/149887.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Os micro-organismos que habitam o continente Antártico podem apresentar produção de compostos de interesse industrial e ambiental com propriedades específicas por estarem adaptados às condições adversas da Antártica. Dentre os compostos produzidos por micro-organismos da Antártica podemos destacar as enzimas adaptadas ao frio. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal estudar a diversidade dos fungos filamentosos e leveduriformes isolados de cinco amostras de sedimentos marinhos da Antártica, bem como prospectar as enzimas lipase e protease. Para o isolamento dos fungos duas estratégias foram aplicadas (com e sem enriquecimento das amostras). Para ambas as estratégias, os sedimentos marinhos foram diluídos em solução salina e após homogeneização inoculados em placas de Petri contendo quatro diferentes meios de cultura (PDA, BSA, PDA diluído 10x, MA), as quais foram incubadas a 5 e 15ºC. Um total de 226 isolados foi recuperado, sendo 60 fungos filamentosos e 166 leveduras. A maioria dos fungos foi isolada a 15ºC (68%) De acordo com os dados de sequenciamento e análise filogenética, representantes de oito gêneros e quatro espécies de fungos filamentosos foram isolados das amostras de sedimentos marinhos. Os gêneros Penicillium e Pseudogymnoascus foram os mais abundantes (40,00%), seguidos pelo gênero Cadophora (6,67%), Cladosporium (5,00%), Toxicocladosporium, Pseudocercosporella, Pestalotiopsis e Paraconiothyrium (1,67%). Para as leveduras, representantes de nove gêneros e 13 espécies foram recuperadas das amostras, sendo a espécie Metschnikowia australis (45,18%) a mais abundante, seguida por representantes do gênero Mrakia (21,68%), Cryptococcus e Glaciozyma (7,83%), Meyerozyma e Holtermanniella (5,42%), Rhodotorula (4,21%), Cystobasidium (1,80%) e Phenoliferia (0,60%). Alguns dos fungos filamentosos identificados no presente trabalho não haviam sido ainda reportados em ambientes Antárticos (Toxicocladosporium, Pseudocercosporella e Paraconiothyrium). As análises de diversidade revelaram que a amostra A5 coletada no Refúgio 2 (20 m, 0,1ºC) apresentou a maior riqueza de espécies, enquanto a amostra A2 coletada no Botany Point (24,7 m, 0,6ºC) se mostrou mais diversa. Com relação à diversidade β, as amostras A5 e A6 coletadas na mesma região geográfica (Refúgio 2) apresentaram o maior compartilhamento de espécies (42,3%). Os isolados foram avaliados quando à capacidade de produção de lipase e protease. Os resultados revelaram que a levedura 6A-1C2II (M. australis) apresentou a maior atividade lipolítica (0,88 U.mL-1) e o fungo filamentoso 4A-1C615III (Pseudogymnoascus sp.) a maior atividade proteolítica (6,21 U.mL-1). Ambos os isolados foram submetidos aos estudos de avaliação de diferentes fatores na produção das enzimas visando maximização da produção enzimática. Após a condução de planejamentos experimentais do tipo Plackett-Burman (PB), a produção de lipase por M. australis 6A-1C2II aumentou 1,36 vezes e a produção de protease por Pseudogymnoascus sp. 4A-1C615III 4,72 vezes. Nos experimentos de validação das condições otimizadas, as médias das triplicatas apresentaram valores inferiores aos alcançados nos planejamentos. A condução do presente trabalho permitiu a ampliação do conhecimento sobre a diversidade de fungos e leveduras que habitam os sedimentos marinhos da Antártica. Em adição, resultou na obtenção de isolados de fungos filamentosos e leveduras de ambiente extremo, os quais estão sendo mantidos na coleção de pesquisa associada à Central de Recursos Microbianos da UNESP (CRMUNESP) e poderão ser utilizados em estudos futuros de prospecção e aplicação biotecnológica.
Microorganisms that inhabit the Antarctic continent can produce compounds of industrial and environmental interest with specific characteristics, since they are adapted to the adverse conditions in Antarctica. Among the compounds that are produce by Antarctic microorganisms we can enhance the cold-adapted enzymes. The main objective of this research was to study the diversity of filamentous fungi and yeasts from five Antarctic marine sediments samples, as well as to prospect lipase and protease enzymes. Two strategies were applied for fungal isolation (with and without enrichment of the samples). For both strategies, the sediments were diluted with saline solution and after homogenization the dilutions were inoculated in Petri dishes containing four different culture media (PDA, BSA, PDA diluted 10x, and MA), which were incubated at 5 and 15 ºC. The total amount of isolates recovered was 226, being 60 fungi and 166 yeasts. Most of the fungi were isolated at 15ºC (68%). According to sequencing data and phylogenetic analyses, eight genera and four species of filamentous fungi were isolated from the marine sediment samples. The genera Penicillium and Pseudogymnoascus were the most abundant (40.00%); followed by genus Cadophora (6.67%), Cladosporium (5.00%), Toxicocladosporium, Pseudocercosporella, Pestalotiopsis, and Paraconiothyrium (1.67%). Representatives of nine genera and thirteen yeast species were recovered from the sediment samples, the specie Metschnikowia australis was the most abundant (45.18%), followed by isolates from genus Mrakia (21.68%), Cryptococcus and Glaciozyma (7.83%), Meyerozyma and Holtermanniella (5.42%), Rhodotorula (4.21%), Cystobasidium (1.80%), and Phenoliferia (0.60%). Some of the fungi identified in the present work were not reported in Antarctic environments before (Toxicocladosporium, Pseudocercosporella e Paraconiothyrium). The diversity analyses showed that the sample A5 collected from Refúgio 2 (20 m, 0.1ºC) presented higher species richness, while sample A2 that was collect from Botany Point (24,7 m, 0.6ºC) was the most diverse. According to β diversity data, the samples A5 and A6 that were collect in the same geographic region (Refúgio 2) showed the higher species sharing (42.3%). The capacity to produce lipase and protease were evaluated. The results revealed that the yeast 6A-1C2II (M. australis) presented the best lipolytic activity (0.88 U.mL-1) and the fungus 4A- 1C615III (Pseudogymnoascus sp.) the best proteolytic activity (6.21 U.mL-1). Both isolates were submitted to the evaluation of different factors in the enzyme production process aiming the enzymatic production maximization. After the conduction of Plackett-Bruman (PB) experimental designs, the lipase production by M. australis 6A- 1C2II increased 1.36 times and the protease production by Pseudogymnoascus sp. 4A- 1C615III increased 4.72 times. In the optimized conditions validation experiments, results from the triplicates averages were lower than that one reached during the experimental designs. This work allowed the improvement in the knowledge of fungal diversity in the Antarctic marine sediments ecosystem. In addition, resulted in the obtaining of fungi and yeasts from extreme environment, which are being maintained in the research culture collection associated to the Central of Microbial Resources (CRMUNESP) and can be used in future studies related to prospection and biotechnology application.
FAPESP: 2013/19486-0
Mavraganis, Theodoros. "An investigation of environmental impacts on sediments by marine cage fish farms using long term metadata analysis." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/9797.
Full textLiu, Xiao-Lei [Verfasser], Kai-Uwe [Akademischer Betreuer] Hinrichs, and Roger [Akademischer Betreuer] Summons. "Glycerol ether lipids in sediments: sources, diversity and implications / Xiao-Lei Liu. Gutachter: Kai-Uwe Hinrichs ; Roger Summons. Betreuer: Kai-Uwe Hinrichs." Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1071897551/34.
Full textRédou, Vanessa. "Communautés fongiques de sédiments marins de subsurface : diversité, origine et rôle écologique." Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0095/document.
Full textOver the past two decades, investigations on deep marine sediments have revealed the occurrenceand activity of unexpected microbial communities. Many representatives of Archaea and Bacteria were reportedbut micro-eukaryotes and especially fungal communities are still poorly studied in this ecosystem. In this underexplored context, molecular- and culture-based approaches were used to characterize the diversityof fungal communities in deep subsurface sediments using the Canterbury Basin as a model system. The main results of this work are: (i) The molecular DNA-based approach provided direct evidence that the fungal communities persist until the record depth of 1,740 meters below sea floor. (ii) Supplementary approaches targeting rRNA and mRNA revealed their metabolic activity and highlighted first hints into the fungal functions at350 meters below sea floor, mainly related to growth, adaptation to in situ environmental constraints andmicrobial interactions. (iii) The culture based approach allowed establishing a culture collection of 183 fungal isolates with ecophysiological characteristics indicating their ability to adapt to in situ conditions. (iv) This culture collection seems to represent a reservoir of secondary metabolites as many genes involved in secondary metabolites pathways were revealed. The fungal collection established may be considered as an untapped resource to explore for biotechnological applications. This work demonstrating the persistence and activity of fungal communities in deep subsurface sediments (i)broadens our view of microbial diversity in these environments and (ii) raises hypotheses about the ecologicalroles of fungi in the deep biosphere
Bourque, Amanda. "Ecosystem structure in disturbed and restored subtropical seagrass meadows." FIU Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/792.
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