Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Section on Nutrition and Growth'
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1
Locks, Lindsey Mina. "Nutrition, Growth and Health in Tanzanian Infants." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:27201743.
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Undernutrition in early life increases children’s risk of mortality, morbidity, and impaired growth and development. This thesis analyzes data from two randomized controlled trials in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The first trial assessed the effect of daily multivitamin (vitamins B-complex, C and E) supplementation on mortality and morbidity in infants born to HIV-infected mothers. 2387 infants were randomized to multivitamins or placebo at 6 weeks and followed-up for two years. The second trial assessed the effect of zinc and/or multivitamins (vitamins B-complex, C and E) on morbidity in infants born to HIV-uninfected mothers. 2400 infants were randomized to either zinc + multivitamins, zinc only, multivitamins only, or placebo at 6 weeks and were followed for 18 months.
Chapter 1 assesses the effect of zinc and/or multivitamin supplements in the second trial on longitudinal child growth – defined by change in height-for-age, weight-for-age and weight-for-height z-scores (HAZ, WAZ and WHZ) and stunting, underweight and wasting (<-2 SD 2006 WHO standard for each indicator respectively). We found small, but significant effects of supplements on change in WHZ and WAZ, but did not find a statistically significant effect of zinc and/or multivitamin supplements on stunting, wasting or underweight.
Chapter 2 assesses the effect of zinc and/or multivitamin supplements in the second trial on early child development (ECD) assessed using the cognitive, motor (fine and gross) and language (receptive and expressive) scales of the Bayley Infant Scales of Development 3rd Edition (BSID-III). We did not find a significant effect of supplements on early childhood development as assessed by the BSID-III.
Chapter 3 pools the two trials in order to compare mortality, morbidity and growth in HIV-infected, HIV-exposed-but-uninfected (HIV-EU) and HIV unexposed infants. HIV-infected children had the highest rates of mortality, morbidity and growth failure. HIV-EU infants had higher rates of mortality and morbidities than unexposed infants; but lower rates than their HIV-infected peers.
Conclusions: Alternative approaches (beyond zinc and/or multivitamin supplementation) to improve growth and ECD in vulnerable populations should be pursued. Child health interventions should target not only HIV-infected but also HIV-EU children, given their increased susceptibility to morbidity and mortality.
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Pircher, Tony J. "Regulation of STAT5 activity by growth hormone /." Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/search/diss.se.cfm?19980925pirc.
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Tam, Y. M., and 譚月明. "The relationships of growth with nutrition and serum growth factors inearly life." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44569798.
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Smith, Ruth Deborah. "Potassium intake, growth and energy metabolism." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295704.
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Cavazzoni, Elena. "Interactions between growth, nutrition, clinical events and growth-associated hormones in preterm infants." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340232.
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Tam, Y. M. "The relationships of growth with nutrition and serum growth factors in early life /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2152712X.
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Yunusova, Roza. "Effects of Maternal Nutrition, Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR), and Estrogen (E2) Supplementation on Placental and Fetal Intestinal Growth and Development in Sheep." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26539.
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The placenta and fetal intestines are two key nutrient transport organs that sustain and nurture growing fetus. Insufficient placental development and consequently inadequate fetal nutrient supply can lead to IUGR resulting in low birth weight offspring. Our experimental objectives were to investigate the effects of elevated maternal nutrition, IUGR, and E2 supplementation during mid-gestation (in an attempt to rescue IUGR offspring) on placental and fetal intestinal cell proliferation, angiogenic gene expression, and vascularity. Limited responsiveness in placental development and vascularization to E2 supplementation was observed, likely due to inappropriate timing or dose of E2. However, maternal E2 supplementation increased fetal small intestinal length and GUCY1b3 mRNA expression, suggesting that E2 supplementation has positive effects on IUGR fetal intestinal growth. In conclusion, understanding molecular mechanisms associated with IUGR and possible effects of E2 supplementation in rescuing IUGR may lead to enhanced human health and livestock production efficiency.
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Osgerby, Jane Claire. "The role of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system in the regulation of ovine placental and fetal growth." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248107.
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Norman, Lisa Jane. "Nutrition and growth in children with chronic renal insufficiency." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14596/.
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Practical joint dietetic/medical guidelines are required for children with differing levels of severity of chronic renal insufficiency (CRI). This thesis describes the current dietetic/medical package of care provided within a specialised paediatric renal unit, and provides an insight into considerations for future clinical guidelines. Children were grouped at baseline following [51Cr]-labelled EDTA glomerular filtration rate (GFR, m1/min/1.73m2) estimations, into 'normal' kidney function [GFR > 75, mean 106 (SD 19.5), n=58], providing baseline data only, mild (GFR 51-75, n=27), moderate (GFR 25-50, n=21) and severe (GFR < 25, n=19) CRI. Those with CRI were followed for two years and 51 children completed the study (19 mild, 19 moderate, 13 severe CRI). Baseline and 6 monthly measurements of anthropometry, blood pressure, laboratory investigations and yearly dietary intakes (3-day semi-quantitative diaries) were obtained. EDTA GFR's were compared to estimations of GFR using serum cystatin C and plasma creatinine/height concentrations. Amongst the findings, mean standard deviation scores (SDS) for all anthropometric markers deteriorated with worsening renal function at baseline, from mean SDS for weight, height, body mass index and mid upper arm circumference in 'normal' children of O.28 (SD 1.0), 0.19 (SD 1.0),0.21 (SD 1.1) and 0.39 (SD 1.0) respectively, to values of -1.32 (SD 1.0), -1.55 (SD 1.1), -0.44 (SD 1.1) and -0.58 (SD 0.9) in severe CRI. Over two years, mean height SDS significantly increased in children with severe CRI (p=0.003) and was maintained in mild and moderate CRI, despite deterioration in renal function. Correlation between changes in energy intake and height SDS was observed in severe CRI (r2=0.5, p=0.001). From individual observations and correlation, higher phosphate and sodium intakes appeared to be associated with greater deterioration in estimated GFR in children with mild CRI. An inverse correlation between calcium intake and plasma parathyroid hormone was observed in severe CRI (r2=0.27, p=0.065). Disturbances in nutritional intakes, bone biochemistry and growth occurred early in the course of CRI and deterioration in renal function, as determined by estimated GPR, was greatest in those with mild CRI. Regular joint dietetic/medical intervention is likely to be beneficial in children with mild and moderate CRI, in addition to those with more severe CRI, to both correct initial disturbances and reduce the chances of progression.
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Carrillo, Larco Rodrigo M., J. Jaime Miranda, and Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz. "Delivery by caesarean section and risk of childhood obesity: analysis of a Peruvian prospective cohort." PeerJ, Inc, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/558501.
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Objectives. We aimed to assess if Caesarean section is a risk factor for overnutrition in early- and late-childhood, and to assess the magnitude of the effect of child- versus family-related variables in these risk estimates. Methods. Longitudinal data from Peruvian children from the Young Lives Study was used. Outcomes assessed were overweight, obesity, overnutrition (overweight plus obesity), and central obesity (waist circumference) at the age 5 (first follow-up) and 7 (second follow-up) years. The exposure of interests was delivery by Caesarean section. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using multivariable models adjusted for child-related (e.g., birth weight) and familyrelated (e.g., maternal nutritional status) variables. Results. At baseline, mean age was 11.7 (± 3.5) months and 50.1% were boys. Children born by Caesarean section were 15.6%. The 10.5% of the children were overweight and 2.4% were obese. For the obesity outcome, data from 6,038 and 9,625 children-years was included from baseline to the first and second follow-up, respectively. Compared to those who did not experience Caesarean delivery, the risk of having obesity was higher in the group born by Caesarean: RRs were higher at early-childhood (first follow-up: 2.25; 95% CI [1.36–3.74]) than later in life (second follow-up: 1.57; 95% CI [1.02–2.41]). Family-related variables had a greater effect in attenuating the risk estimates for obesity at the first, than at the second follow-up. Conclusion. Our results suggest a higher probability of developing obesity, but not overweight, among children born by Caesarean section delivery. The magnitude of risk estimates decreased over time, and family-related variables had a stronger effect on the risk estimates at early-childhood.RMC-L, JJM, AB-O, and the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases were supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Global Health Initiative under the contract Global Health Activities in Developing Countries to Combat Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases (Project Number 268200900033C-1-0-1). AB-O is currently supported by a Wellcome Trust Research Training Fellowship in Public Health and Tropical Medicine (Grant 103994/Z/14/Z). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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Pimpin, Laura. "Dietary protein and growth in young children." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709020.
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Ghazi, Faezeh. "Corruption and Growth." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1410522823.
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Yuan, Yan. "Potential roles of lutein in mammary gland development and breast cancer cell growth." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1513374861687537.
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Elbashir, Bushra M. A. "The role of growth factors and nutrition in cancer cachexia." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308621.
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Bateman, Brent Pattanee Winichagoon. "Nutrition intervention : a potential factor for economic growth and development /." Abstract, 2004. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2547/cd366/4238009.pdf.
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Yeap, Simon Guo Hong. "Implications of soil water repellence for crop growth and nutrition." Thesis, Yeap, Simon Guo Hong (2020) Implications of soil water repellence for crop growth and nutrition. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2020. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/59040/.
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In water-limited environments, dryland crop and pasture production on water-repellent sandy soils is often constrained by reduced water infiltration, accentuated overland flow and soil erosion, unstable wetting patterns, and the development of preferential flow paths in the soil profile, which consequently cause considerable spatial heterogeneity in soil water content, increased prevalence of isolated dry zones, and decreased overall soil water retention. The same processes are also likely to affect soil nutrient bioavailability and plant nutrient uptake. Indeed, while problems with crop nutrition on water-repellent sandy soils have been reported by many Australian growers, the role of soil water repellence in crop nutrition has not been studied to date and the mechanisms remain unclear. While various methods exist to manage soil water repellence for improving crop and pasture production (e.g., deep soil cultivation, clay spreading, wetting agent application, stimulation of wax-degrading microorganisms, furrow/on-row sowing and water harvesting, and no-tillage and stubble retention), the outcomes for crop nutrition post-amelioration are not well understood.
Several field and glasshouse experiments were, therefore, conducted to assess the implications of soil water repellence and its management on crop growth and nutrition on several sandy soil types from the southwest region of Western Australia. Preliminary field results showed that soil water repellence, if left unmanaged, could adversely affect wheat plant density, shoot dry matter production, K nutrition, and grain yield on a Grey Bleached-Ferric Kandosol (deep grey sandy duplex soil) at Meckering with a moderate water repellence value of up to 1.6 M using the molarity of ethanol droplet (MED) test, supporting the hypothesis that soil water repellence can adversely affect crop growth, nutrition, and grain production. However, it was also revealed at another site, with a Ferric Chromosol (sandy loam yellow duplex soil) at Kojonup, that increased soil water repellence could also increase canola plant density, shoot dry matter production, Cu nutrition, and seed yield when sown with 1 L/ha of banded wetting agent, despite prolonged severe water repellence (MED of 3.4 M) throughout the growing season. Although the underlying mechanisms could not be established from this preliminary study, it was concluded that soil water repellence may have both adverse and beneficial implications, but specific effects on nutrient availability in the root zone and crop nutrition were not defined.
Additional field studies were conducted to assess the effect of soil management practices (spading, one-way plough, subsoil clay spreading, and blanket applications of wetting agent) to alleviate soil water repellence on crop growth and nutrition. While all treatments except for one-way ploughing alleviated soil water repellence, only spading significantly improved wheat emergence, shoot dry matter, K nutrition, and grain yield on a Grey Tenosol (pale deep sandy soil) at Badgingarra. By contrast, at Moora, one-way plough treatments improved canola shoot dry matter and nutrition (Ca, S, B, Cu, and Zn contents) but did not mitigate severe water-repellence on a Ferric Chromosol (sandy ironstone gravel duplex soil), and had no effect on plant density or seed yield. However, the improvements due to soil cultivation can be attributed to the alleviation of soil compaction, given that the alleviation of soil water repellence by blanket-applied wetting agent (50 L/ha) and subsoil clay spreading treatments (250 t/ha; 50 % clay; 159 mg K/kg) had negligible effect on crop growth, nutrition, and grain production. Alleviation of soil water repellence was, therefore, not important for crop production at the Badgingarra and Moora study sites, presumably due to the presence of other soil constraints.
To avoid the confounding effects from multiple limiting factors evident in the field studies, a series of controlled glasshouse experiments were conducted to examine the effects of topsoil water repellence, topsoil thickness, fertiliser placement, variable low water supply, plant density, and/or surface topography on soil water content, soil nutrient availability, and early wheat growth and nutrition in 27 L containers. All glasshouse experiments demonstrated that severely water-repellent topsoil with a wettable furrow, which ensured uniform seedling emergence, significantly increased wheat seedling development, tiller number, shoot dry matter production, and nutrition (especially N, P, and K) during the early vegetative stage in wheat (40-51 DAS), under low but regular water supply (3.4-5.4 mm every two days). The growth stimulation was attributed to in situ water harvesting caused by preferential flow in the wettable furrow which increased the soil wetting and root depth relative to the completely wettable topsoil treatments that exhibited an even but shallow wetting depth. The even but shallow wetting patterns in completely wettable treatments consequently led to an overall decrease in plant-available water and plant water use efficiency, resulting in poor wheat growth and nutrition, especially under a limited water supply. These findings underscore the high efficacy of in situ water harvesting for improving early wheat growth and nutrition on water-repellent soils relative to completely wettable soils, thus demonstrating a beneficial role of soil water repellence in crop growth and nutrition. Adopting in situ water harvesting principles (i.e., furrow sowing, banding wetting agent in the furrow, and using winged knife-points and/or press-wheels) can, therefore, be an effective strategy for managing crop growth and nutrition on water-repellent sandy soils by maximising the use efficiency of limited soil water supply during the crop establishment period.
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Tew, Jason. "Humic and Fulvic Acids: Effects on Plant Nutrition and Growth." DigitalCommons@USU, 2005. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6709.
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Humic substances are reported to improve plant growth and nutrient uptake, with iron the most studied nutrient. The most common forms of iron in soils are iron oxides, which are stable under aerobic conditions and unavailable for plant uptake. Iron deficient plants become chlorotic, which reduces growth and yield. To determine if humic substances can reduce iron chlorosis, five commercially available organic acids were tested on maize grown in sand columns at high pH. The dry granular humic acid from Aldrich Chemical Company applied at 84.4 g/liter of sand by volume (5% by mass) and 1 g/liter added with irrigation water, significantly reduced iron chlorosis (p
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Lewis, Rebekah. "Nutrition, health and lifestyle of ballet dancers." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1998. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265357.
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Ballet dancing is a rigorous activity, the requisite skill acquisition for which begins at an early age. For girls, the activity requires a clearly defined body shape and composition, the attainment of which may result in low body weight and BNH, the development of eating disorders, menstrual dysfunction, and poor nutrient intake. The combination of the high levels of exercise for both sexes and the sylph-like figure required by females may have an effect upon growth and development, injury and repair, and long-term health. No evidence could be found in the literature of investigations on retired ballet dancers and the potential effects of their career upon their long-term health. Therefore, a retrospective study was carried out on sixty-three male and female dancers by means of a 'health' questionnaire. Although the results from the retrospective study showed that no serious health effects had occurred in the sample investigated, there was nevertheless a high incidence of injury amongst both sexes. During their career, the retired females were found to have had: low body weights, with many of them having been on slimming diets; a lack of knowledge concerning food and fluid intake; and poor menstrual status, including delays in menarche. It was concluded that many of the injuries sustained by the males could be attributed to their role of partnering and therefore constantly physically supporting and lifting the female dancers. No definitive work could be found on nutrient intakes of ballet dancers and no prospective studies appeared to have been carried out on the overall injury status of currently active female ballet dancers. None of the studies had concurrently assessed nutrient intake and injury status and factors which may affect this, as well as assessing their general wellbeing. Thus, thirty-eight pre-professional female ballet dancers were recruited to the prospective study. All types of injury from minor to major were recorded over a period of ten weeks, concurrent with life events and menstrual patterns. During this period, nutrient intake was also estimated over seven consecutive days using the weighed inventory method. The dancers completed a general background questionnaire; EAT-26 and BIT'E - two screening questionnaires clinically used to assess for the symptoms of anorexia and bulimia nervosa; and, a nutritional quiz compiled by the author and largely based on what the students had been taught. The dancers had significantly lower dietary intakes of energy, carbohydrate, fat, iron, and NSP than their relative DRV's. Low intakes of energy and particularly carbohydrate could reduce muscle glycogen concentrations, and thus promote fatigue. The dancers had busy schedulesw hich restrictedt heir ability to eat well and the majority of them had poor nutritional knowledge. The injury rates of the majority of the dancers were found to be high and a statistically significant correlation was found between these injury rates and fatigue. These findings suggest that the dancers needed to receive a more fruitful method of nutrition education and have less hectic schedules, a combination of which could well result in the dancers having greater opportunity to eat well and rest sufficiently to reduce their overall levels of fatigue, enhance their overall feeling of wellbeing, and thus, possibly, reduce the risk of injury.
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Eriksen, Kamilla Gehrt. "Maternal nutrition, breast milk micronutrients and infant growth in rural Gambia." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271808.
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Maternal nutrition, breast milk micronutrients and infant growth in rural Gambia The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of an infant’s life. However, the evidence base to support the adequacy of breast milk with respect to infant micronutrient status, across the duration of exclusive breastfeeding, among women who enter pregnancy and lactation with a poor nutritional status is limited. The research presented in this thesis explores the relationship between maternal nutritional status, breast milk micronutrients and infant status in a rural sub-Saharan context. Existing evidence for associations between maternal dietary intake and nutritional status and breast milk micronutrient composition were systematically reviewed. Most effected by maternal nutrition were breast milk water-soluble vitamin concentrations (except for folic acid), fat-soluble vitamin concentrations were less influenced, and mineral concentrations were generally unaffected (except for iodine and selenium). Next, the impact of feeding practice on infant growth in rural Gambia was explored. In this population, where growth faltering across the first two years of life is endemic, exclusive breastfeeding to six months of age had limited benefit on infant growth. Finally, the impact of maternal multiple micronutrient supplementation on breast milk iodine, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B6 and B12 was explored. Supplementation during pregnancy positively influenced maternal status for all investigated micronutrients, and modestly increased breast milk iodine and riboflavin concentrations across the first six months of lactation. No effects on breast milk concentrations of thiamin, vitamin B6 or B12, and limited effect on infant postpartum status, were observed. The research presented in this thesis suggests that concentrations of breast milk micronutrients may be insufficient in settings where maternal micronutrient status is poor, with likely consequences for infant health. This research supports the need for interventions to improve the nutritional status of pregnant and lactating women in resource-poor settings alongside the promotion of exclusive breastfeeding for optimal health outcomes for infants as well as their mothers.
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Kellerman, Stephanie, and S. J. Schoeman. "The influence of dietary protein levels on growth curve parameters of quail." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/830.
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Thesis (MPhil (Agrisciences)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In South Africa quail do not have the same status as an agricultural produce as do other livestock species. As quail has mostly been judged as a cute little bird seen on shows, very few people have paid attention to the commercial value of this bird specie. In South Africa quail farming is done on a very limited scale, but competition regarding this very unique market is already challenging. If it is to be a viable project it is of utmost importance to limit the costs to the minimum and, by doing so, increasing the profitability of the project. In this study the economic aspects of a quail production unit was researched to assess whether any improvements in profitability could be made. Quails from a production unit outside Stellenbosch were used to describe the growth curves of these birds under three different diet regimes. 300 Birds were used and then divided into groups of a hundred. The first treatment was fed the standard starter (22% protein) then after five weeks a finisher (19% protein). The second treatment was fed a starter ration containing 40% Soya oil cake and 60% of the standard starter (27.2% protein). The same finisher as in treatment one was fed to treatment two after five weeks. Treatment three was fed a newly formulated starter ration (28% protein). The same finisher was fed to treatment three after five weeks as with the first two treatments. It was found that treatments one and two differed significantly from treatment three, but not from each other. It was expected that treatment three would result in better growth than treatment one, but contrariwise, treatment three did the worst. In accordance with literature it was found that under commercial conditions quail could be fed lower concentrations of protein than prescribed by literature.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: As 'n landbouproduk het kwartels in Suid-Afrika nie dieselfde status as ander lewende hawe nie. Omdat kwartels merendeels gesien is as 'n oulike klein voeltjie op skoue, het weinig mense enige aandag gegee aan die kommersiele waarde van kwartels. Alhoewel kwartelboerdery in Suid-Afrika huidiglik slegs op 'n baie klein skaal bedryf word, is kompetisie in hierdie nismark reeds kompeterend en uitdagend. Om so 'n boerdery ekonomies vatbaar te maak en hoe profyt marges te handhaaf, is dit van wesenlike belang om insetkostes tot die minimum te beperk. In hierdie studie is ekonomiese aspekte van 'n kwartel produksie eenheid nagevors om sodoende te kon bepaal op watter aspekte, indien enige, gekonsentreer kan word om wins marges te verhoog. Kwartels van 'n produksie eenheid buite Stellenbosch is gebruik. Hierdie kwartels is op drie verskillende diete geplaas en afsonderlik ge-evalueer om die groeikurwes op elke dieet te bepaal. Driehonderd kwartels is in groepe van honderd elk verdeel. Die eerste groep se dieet het bestaan uit die standaard beginners groeimeel wat deur Meadows vervaardig word (22% proteren), en is na vyf weke afgerond na 'n afrondings dieet (19% proteren). Die tweede groep se dieet was dieselfde beginners dieet as in groep een wat met 40% Soya oliekoek gemeng is (totale proteren inhoud van 27.2%). Daar is na vyf weke oorgeslaan na dieselfde afrondings dieet as in groep een. Die derde dieet het bestaan uit 'n nuut geformuleerde beginners dieet (28% proteren). Weereens is daar na vyf weke oorgeslaan na dieselfde afrondings dieet as in die vorige twee groepe. Daar is gevind dat die groeikurwes van diete een en twee beduidend verskil het van dieet drie, maar daar was nie 'n beduidende verskil tussen groepe een en twee nie. Alhoewel daar verwag is dat dieet drie 'n beter groeikurwe sou toon as dieet een, was dit egter nie die geval nie. Dieet drie het egter die swakste groeikurwe getoon. Daar is dus gevind dat kwartels onder kommersiele toestande laer konsentrasies proteren gevoer kan word as wat algemeen voorgeskryf word.
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Lacasse, Pierre. "Influence of plane of nutrition, growth hormone and growth factors on mammary gland development and function." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41650.
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Dairy heifers were submitted to high or moderate plane of nutrition before and during first gestation. High plane of nutrition did not increase milk production but negatively affected reproduction and health. In addition, high plane of nutrition decreased growth hormone (GH) concentration and increased prolactin concentration during gestation. There was no effect of previous plane of nutrition on peripartum concentrations of hormones. Milk production was positively correlated with GH concentrations, but was negatively correlated to concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) concentrations postpartum.The effect of GH administration on mammary vasculature and on paracrine secretion of growth factors was investigated in lactating and non-lactating dairy cows. The injection of GH induced a linear increase of IGF-1 concentration in blood and mammary primary lymph, but did not affect concentrations of prostaglandin E$ sb2$ (PGE$ sb2$) concentrations. However, the rate of IGF-1 increase was slower in lymph than in blood, suggesting that blood is the source of most lymph IGF-I. Therefore, GH did not seem to affect paracrine secretion of IGF-1 and PGE$ sb2$ by the bovine mammary gland. Growth hormone administration induced a gradual increase in mammary blood flow in lactating cows while it remained constant in non-lactating animals. Changes in lymphatic, but not blood, concentrations of a stable metabolite of the vasodilatator prostacyclin I$ sb2$ parallelled the changes in blood flow. This indicates that local secretion of this vasodilatator may be responsible for the effect of GH on mammary blood flow.
Mitogenic activity of mammary primary lymph samples taken at different physiological stages was evaluated on mammary epithelial and mammary fibroblast cell lines. The results indicate that the mitogenic activity of lymph in epithelial cells was not related to physiological stage but to PGE$ sb2$ concentration. In fibroblasts, mitogenic activity of lymph was not related to physiological stage or to the content in any of the growth factors assayed.
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White, Sarah Ann. "Nutrition and Plant Growth Regulator Rates for High Quality Growth of Containerized Spiderwort (Tradescantia virginiana L.)." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31866.
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Spiderwort (Tradescantia virginiana) is a flowering herbaceous perennial. Little information is available about its production requirements. This project’s purpose was to determine fertilizer and PGR rates for high quality growth of Spiderwort in a greenhouse production setting. The first experiment screened three plant growth regulators (PGRs) at ascending rates on three T. virginiana cultivars. The most effective rates for height suppression were paclobutrazol at 120 mgּL-1, uniconazole at 45 mgּL-1, and flurprimidol at 45 mgּL-1.
The second experiment was divided into two parts. The first screened three T. virginiana cultivars for their growth response to several nitrogen (N) rates. The second experiment used results from the first experiment and examined two cultivars response to a basic fertilizer. For experiment 1, N rates between 100 and 200 mg‧L-1 resulted in quality plant growth. The second experiment showed little difference between height, width and flowering of both cultivars with these N rates. Plant quality was similar for plants fertilized with 100 and 200 mgּL-1 N at the end of both experiments.
The third study examined how fertilization rate affects the persistence of PGR growth control. PGR rates identified as effective in experiment 1 were used. Plants fertilized with 200 mgּL-1 N were taller than those fertilized with 100 mgּL-1 N, regardless of PGR treatment. PGRs did not suppress plant growth; plant quality was similar regardless of treatment. The results of these studies indicate that PGR effectiveness in suppressing plant height may be dependent upon season, with PGR application necessary only during the spring growing season.Master of Science
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Beukes, Ronel A. (Ronel Annamarie). "The longitudinal growth and feeding practices of infants from birth to twelve months." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49799.
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Thesis (Mnutr)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Malnutrition is a silent emergency. WHO estimates that 55% of all child deaths in developing countries are associated with malnutrition. Inadequate dietary intake and disease are the two immediate causes of malnutrition. The underlying causes are household food insecurity, inadequate maternal and child-care and poor water/ sanitation and inadequate health services. Stunting is a major problem in pre-school children in South Africa. This indicates a long term inadequate dietary intake. Furthermore, the initiation of breastfeeding in South Africa is about 90%, and the duration thereof tends to be less than 3 months after birth. A great majority of children in this country consume a diet deficient in energy and of poor nutrient density to meet their micronutrient requirements. The aim of this study was to identify feeding practices of infants that could contribute to the development of malnutrition. METHOD: This was a cohort study with a prospective experimental design. Forty-four of the original 73 mother-infant pairs that were recruited, were interviewed monthly on feeding practices of the infants. Anthropometric measurements (weight and height of the infants) were measured monthly. RESULTS: Weight-for-age Z-scores dropped significantly with age from around 4 months, when weaning had started. Inadequate dietary intake, more specifically weaning practices and breastfeeding practices, were identified as the immediate cause that could contribute to the development of malnutrition in this community. Except for the positive relationship between the level of education of the father and an increase in HAZ over time, growth was not affected by socio-economic and demographic factors in this community. This is probably because of the fact that there were very small differences in socio-economic and demographic factors. CONCLUSION: Weaning and breastfeeding practices should be addressed in all nutrition education programmes.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: INLEIDING: Wanvoeding is 'n stil gevaar. Die WGO skat dat daar 'n verband is tussen wanvoeding en ongeveer 55% van alle kindersterftes in ontwikkelende lande. 'n Onvoldoende dieetinname en siekte is die twee onmiddellike oorsake van wanvoeding. Onvoldoende huishoudelike voedselsekuriteit, onvoldoende moeder- en kindsorg en swak sanitasie en watervoorsiening asook onvoldoende gesondheidsorg is die onderliggende oorsake. Dwerggroei is 'n groot probleem in Suid-Afrika onder voorskoolse kinders. Dit dui op 'n langdurige onvoldoende dieetinname. Bydraend hiertoe, is die aanvang van borsvoeding in Suid-Afrika ongeveer 90%, maar die duurte van borsvoeding is minder as 3 maande na geboorte. Die meerderheid van alle kinders in Suid-Afrika se dieet het 'n tekort aan energie en die nutriëntdigtheid van hulle diëte voldoen nie aan hulle daaglikse behoeftes ten opsigte van mikronutriënte nie. Die doel van hierdie studie was om voedingspraktyke te identifiseer wat kan bydra tot die ontwikkeling van wanvoeding. METODE: Dit was 'n kohortstudie met 'n prospektiewe eksperimentele ontwerp. Vier-en-veertig van die oorspronklike aanvanklike moeder-babapare wat gewerf is, is maandeliks ondervra met betrekking tot die voedingspraktyke van die baba en antropometriese metimgs (gewig en lengte van die baba) is maandeliks geneem. RESULTATE: Z waardes van gewig vir ouderdom het beduidend gedaal namate die kinders ouer geword het, veral vanaf 4 maande, toe spening begin het. 'n Onvoldoende dieetinname, meer spesifiek spenings- en borsvoedingspraktyke, is geïdentifiseer as die onmiddellike oorsake wat tot die ontwikkeleing van wanvoeding kan bydra in hierdie gemeenskap. Daar was 'n positiewe verband tussen lengtegroei (Z waardes van lengte vir ouderdom) en die vlak van opvoeding van die vader. Groei is nie deur die ander sosio-ekonomiese en demografiese faktore beïnvloed nie, moontlik as gevolg van die klein verskille in sosio-ekonomiese en demografiese eienskappe van die studie populasie. GEVOLGTREKKING: Spenings- en borsvoedingpraktyke behoort aandag te geniet in alle voedingsvoorligtings-programme.
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Irwin, Kristmanson Dorian. "Interactions among micronutrient status, infection, and growth in Panamanian preschool children." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86811.
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In developing countries, the coexistence of malnutrition and intestinal parasitism contributes to growth faltering. Interrelationships among malnutrition, infection, and growth were explored in 328 indigenous Panamanian preschool children. Dietary and infection predictors of height-for-age z-score (HAZ) were identified in the dry and rainy seasons, the impact of stunting and vitamin A deficiency (VAD, serum retinol ≤0.70umol/L) on Ascaris reinfection was assessed, and associations between growth, infection, serum vitamin D and cytokines were explored. Ascaris infection intensity did not predict HAZ, but diarrhea negatively predicted vitamin A status and HAZ. Stunted children (HAZ < -2 SD) consumed more sugar and fiber, less dairy, vitamin B12, and fat, and, if vitamin A-deficient, were more susceptible to Ascaris reinfection. VAD was prevalent (>80%) despite supplementation, and 27% had insufficient serum vitamin D. Both were associated with elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines. Nutritional status, stunting, and reinfection rates may be improved in this population through comprehensive interventions that focus on diet quality, food security, and reducing diarrheal disease, particularly during the rainy season when food insecurity increases.Dans les pays en voie de développement, la coexistence de la malnutrition et du parasitisme intestinal mène souvent à des retards de croissance. Une étude a été menée auprès de 328 enfants autochtones panaméens d'âge préscolaire afin d'examiner l'influence des retards de croissance et des carences en vitamine A sur la réinfection parasitaire d'Ascaris, ainsi que la relation entre la croissance linéaire des enfants et les concentrations sérique en cytokines, vitamines A et D. Nous avons aussi déterminé les prédicteurs de retards de croissance pendant la saison sèche et la saison des pluies. La sécurité alimentaire diminue pendant la saison des pluies, et la diarrhée est associée au manque de vitamine A et aux retards de croissance linéaire. Les enfants de petite taille consomment plus de sucre et de fibres, moins de produits laitiers, de vitamine B12, et de lipides. Les enfants ayant une carence en vitamine A sont plus susceptibles d'être réinfectés par le parasite Ascaris. Les carences en vitamine A sont répandues (>80%) en dépit de la supplémentation, et 27% ont un niveau sanguin de vitamine D insuffisant. Des approches systémiques, qui incluent un régime de qualité, assurent la sécurité alimentaire et diminuent l'incidence des épisodes de diarrhée, surtout pendant la saison des pluies, pourraient s'avérer plus efficaces pour améliorer la croissance et les carences nutritionnelles chez les enfants de cette population que de simples interventions de supplémentation en micronutriments.
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Muthaukrishnan, L. "Effect of site of infection on host plant growth and metabolism." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379917.
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Yohe, Taylor Timothy. "Nutrient Impacts on Rumen Growth and Development." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/94558.
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Our collective knowledge of calf nutrition has evolved over the past 100+ years, but there are still areas of improvement that merit further scientific inquiry. The work described herein explored different aspects of calf nutrition with a central focus on rumen growth and development. The first study performed used 8 Holstein bull calves to determine if calf starters differing in starch and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content would affect calf growth, intake, rumen metabolites, blood metabolites, and gross rumen measurements when fed along with milk replacer (MR). The experiment used completely pelleted calf starters consisting of ground and pelleted barley, wheat, and corn grains. Besides the high-starch starter resulting in lower rumen pH, the hypothesis that completely pelleted calf starter diets differing in NDF and starch level would alter intake, growth, rumen metabolism, and rumen measurements was not supported. However, calves fed the high-NDF starter were $5.71 less expensive per calf to raise. Findings suggest a form of feed effect in today's calf starter diets that might be of physiological and economic importance. The second study tested custom-built rumen infusion, sampling, and evacuation devices. The main objectives were to build and confirm the successful use of the devices in one Holstein bull calf at 62 days of age, which determined a liquid passage rate out of the rumen at 40.2% of ruminal fluid/h. The third and final study examined the effects of form of diet (MR only, n = 5; MR and starter, n = 6) on rumen growth and development. More specifically, isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets were fed to neonatal and ruminally cannulated Holstein calves for 6 week. The hypothesis of MR and starter calves having altered gross rumen measurements, epithelial stem and progenitor cell number, and epithelial proliferation status was supported, but hypothesized changes in volatile fatty acid (VFA) transporter abundance and VFA absorption rate were not supported. These results indicate that form of diet, even one that promotes rumen growth, does not equate to enhanced ability to absorb VFA, but there is an effect on rumen stem and progenitor cells as well as epithelial proliferation.PHD
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Menon, Gopi. "Studies of nutrition and growth in infants with chronic cardiopulmonary disease." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29271.
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Hypotheses: (1) Nutritional status is impaired in symptomatic congenital heart disease (CHD) in infancy, and this is related to an inadequate positive energy balance. (2) Undernutrition precedes the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants, and there is a subsequent persistent deficit in energy balance, bone mineral content (BMC) and growth. Objectives: To study (1) the effect of CHD on growth and energy balance in infancy (2) macronutrient intake prior to the development of BPD (3) the effect of BPD on energy balance and BMC and the effect of a dexamethasone used to treat BPD on BMC. Background: Poor growth is seen commonly in chronic disease of the heart and lungs (CCPD) and is important because: (a) the disease and its treatment may compromise nutrition (b) good nutrition may influence the outcome of the condition and adult health. Body growth in infants is dependent upon a sufficiently positive balance of protein and energy, and certain micronutrients are important for aspects of specific organ development. Method: CHD - Energy balance measurements were carried out on 21 infants with CHD, post-term age [median (range)] 49 days (-9 to 246) and in 9 controls, post-term age 35 days (-14 to 86). Energy intake (EI) and losses (EL) were measured by bomb calorimetry (18 CHD, 5 control), resting energy expenditure (REE), by indirect calorimetry over several hours (14 CHD, 9 control), and anthropometry performed. BPD - 195 consecutive infants of <32 weeks gestation had weekly anthropometry and a record kept of achieved nutritional intake. 54 of these had dual energy X-ray absorptiometry of the forearm for bone mineral content (BMC). Case control studies were done on nested cohort selected from this group: (1) macronutrient intake and growth in 20 babies with BPD and 20 gestation and birthweight matched controls, (2) EI and EL by bomb calorimetry in 4 infants with BPD and 4 preterm controls, (3) BMC in 10 babies with BPD and 10 gestation and birthweight matched controls, (4) BMC in 15 BPD babies treated with dexamethasone and 15 untreated BPD controls. Conclusions: CHD - There appears to be a progressive postnatal deterioration of nutritional status in hospitalized infants with CHD. This is associated with a tendency to lower energy intake, and in addition raised REE in some infants. Availability of energy appears to be a limiting factor for growth in this group. BPD - There is a shortfall of nutrient intake in the first two weeks, particularly via the enteral route, in preterm infants who later develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The subsequent rate of weight gain is slower for several weeks in these babies. There appears to be no abnormality of energy intake or losses. There is a large deficit in BMC in preterm infants at term, with no additional effect of BDP. Systemic steroid treatment slows linear growth, without any apparent effect on bone mineralization.
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Murray, Peter John. "The effect of nutrition on testicular growth in the merino ram." Thesis, Murray, Peter John (1988) The effect of nutrition on testicular growth in the merino ram. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 1988. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/53183/.
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The effect of nutrition on testicular growth was examined in Merino rams. Rams were individually fed diets specifically formulated to provide a range in the ratio of protein:digestible energy. Measurements of testicular size, wool growth and liveweight change were made on rams fed on different diets and at different times of the year. This design also facilitated a study on the relative importance of photoperiod in determining testicular growth.
The digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter and gross energy were measured for a pelleted maintenance ration, this ration supplemented with lupin seed (750 g/d) and for animals receiving an intra-abomasal infusion of casein (200 g/d). Nitrogen and apparent water balances for these diets were calculated.
Testicular growth was highly correlated with change in liveweight in a curvilinear relationship. Change in liveweight and respiration rate were highly correlated with digestible energy intake. Crude protein intake and nitrogen balance were highly correlated with wool growth, with digestible energy intake having only a marginal influence. There was also a high correlation between digestible energy intake and testicular growth, with dietary protein having only a marginal influence. Combination of these results with published data on testicular growth in rams confirmed these relationships. Photoperiod was shown to affect the rate of change of testicular growth and also testicular size.
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Ahmed, Shameem. "Breast feeding, weaning and infant growth in rural Chandpur, Bangladesh." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339360.
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Cheung, Joanna. "Amniotic fluid alkaline phosphatase as a biomarker of fetal growth and development." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18295.
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The objectives of this study were to assess the concentration of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and its isoenzymes (intestinal, liver/bone/kidney, placental) in 2nd trimester amniotic fluid (AF) and to establish whether total ALP or placental ALP were related to infant birth weight (BW) or gestational age (GA). 518 biobanked AF samples were analyzed using fluorometry to measure ALP concentrations. Analysis of variance showed that mothers giving birth to small-for-gestational-age infants had higher placental AF ALP concentration compared to those giving birth to appropriate-for-gestational-age infants, when controlling for established predictors of birth weight. Placental ALP was also elevated in the AF of mothers giving birth to females compared to males and in smokers compared to non-smokers. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that 2nd trimester AF placental ALP negatively predicted BW (in grams and as percentiles) in term infants. AF ALP may emerge as an early indicator of placental tissue status or immunity which could subsequently affect fetal growth.Les objectifs de cette étude étaient d’évaluer la concentration de phosphatase alcaline (ALP) et de ses iso-enzymes (intestinaux, hépatiques, rénales, placentaires) dans le liquides amniotique (AF) du 2e trimestre, et d’établir si l’ALP totale ou l’ALP placentaire sont associées au poids à la naissance ou à l’âge gestationnel. Un total de 518 échantillons rassemblés biologiquement ont étés analysés en utilisant la fluorométrie pour mesurer l’ALP concentrations. L’analyse de variance a montré que les mères donnant naissance à des enfants petits pour leur âge gestationnel avaient la concentration de l’ALP placentaire du AF plus élevée que celle des mères donnant naissance à des enfants appropriés pour leur âge gestationnel, en contrôlant les prédicateurs du poids à la naissance. L’ALP placentaire était aussi élevé dans l’AF des mères donnant naissance à des filles comparativement à des garçons et chez les fumeuses comparativement aux non-fumeuses. L’analyse de régression multiple a démontré que l’ALP dans l’AF placentaire du 2e trimestre a prédit inversement le poids à la naissance (en grammes et percentiles) chez les enfants à terme. L’ALP du AF pourra émerger comme un indicateur précoce des tissus placentaires deviendra peut-être un prédicateur du statut des tissus placentaires et immunité qui peut affecter subséquemment la croissance fœtale.
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Park, Yeong-Chun. "The level and variability of inflation, output growth and money : cross-section empirical analysis /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9821335.
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Tancock, Nigel Philip. "The influence of complexation on micronutrient uptake by plants and on plant growth." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341363.
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章彤輝 and Tung-fai Cheung. "Maternal malnutrition: effects on growth and development of rat pups." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31236698.
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Wilson, Helen Elizabeth. "Expression of insulin-like growth factor-I in ovine liver." Thesis, University of Reading, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384908.
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Geale, Pauline F. "Characterisation of Porcine Colostrum and its Impact on Piglet Growth." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/8608.
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The female mammal makes an enormous metabolic investment in the early development of her offspring and this continues until the offspring is independent of its mother at weaning. Mammary secretion of colostrum and then milk requires a high proportion of ingested nutrients from the maternal diet and represents a continuation of metabolite partitioning for the growth and development of the young in-utero. Lactation represents the most energetically demanding process of the reproductive cycle. This thesis reviews current knowledge of the composition of porcine colostrum and mature milk, focusing on compositional differences that may help account for the poorer weaning performance of gilt litters in comparison to performance of litters of more experienced sows.
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Zaghloul, Sahar Saad. "Impact of diarrhea on growth velocity in Egyptian infants." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186010.
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Weight velocity of 34 Egyptian infants aged two to thirteen months was examined before, during, and after 43 diarrheal episodes. The study was conducted in Bolaq El Dakrour, a poor neighborhood in metropolitan Cairo, during the summer of 1990. Weight measurements, food intake, morbidity, and socio-demographic-economic-sanitary data were collected. Diarrhea was reported according to mothers' definitions. A local reference population was constructed based on the criteria that: infants were from the same neighborhood, of the same age and sex, and were reported diarrhea-free when study infants were reported sick. Weight velocity during diarrheal episodes was 16 g/d lower than before illness and 15 g/d lower than reference infants. One-month post-illness weight velocity was similar to pre-illness weight velocity, with no evidence of catch-up growth. Illness severity indices, namely the number of symptoms or illnesses experienced, number of stools/day, and presence of blood in stool were strong predictors of velocity during and one-month post-illness. Breastfeeding had a positive influence on weight velocity during illness. Consumption of rice, macaroni and vegetables was negatively associated with weight velocity during and one month after illness. Weight gain in the month following the episode was positively associated with a higher level of formal education and occupation of fathers, negatively with the presence of adults above 50 years of age in the household, and a greater age difference between the parents. Percent of time sick with fever had a negative impact on long-term weight velocity. Thus in this population, the effect of diarrhea on weight gain velocity is transient, catch-up growth does not occur, and infants fed solid food suffer the most weight loss. Thus, it is possible that effective nutritional intervention will reduce growth faltering.
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Walker, Dillon Kyle. "Effect of ractopamine on growth in cattle." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/539.
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Kim, Eun Joong. "Growth and metabolism of forage-fed beef animals." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366568.
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Cofie, Agartha. "An integrated education intervention to improve infant and young child nutrition growth in Ghana." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=117109.
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Inappropriate complementary feeding (CF) practices and inadequate nutrient intakes contribute to the high level of malnutrition among children 6-24 months of age in Ghana. In communities where the economy is agricultural-based, interventions aimed at addressing malnutrition among infants and young children may need to focus on both food production and caregivers' nutrition knowledge. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a combined nutrition and agricultural education intervention, delivered through community health workers and agricultural extension agents, to improve infant and young child diet and growth in the Upper Manya Krobo district of Ghana. The current CF practices, and facilitators and barriers of CF education were identified through in-depth interviews of community health workers (n = 28) and staff of the Ministry of Food and Agriculture (n = 3), as well as three focus group discussions with caregivers (n = 22) of children 6-24 months of age. The Trials of Improved Practices method was used to test the feasibility of potential nutrition education messages. This process guided the development of the subsequent intervention. A cluster-randomised study design was used to compare the feeding practices, nutrient intakes, and growth of infants and young children (n = 367) in two intervention groups (combined nutrition and agricultural education [IE], nutrition education only [NE]), and a control group [CT]. Each child's diet and anthropometric data, and household demographic and agricultural production information were collected at baseline and at three-month intervals for nine months. Food insecurity can influence the types and amounts of food that young children consume, which may then affect their nutritional status and health. Therefore, the level of household food insecurity during the pre-harvest season and its relation with infant morbidity and growth were also assessed (n = 333). The results indicate that in this rural setting, 21.6% of households experienced food insecurity in the previous month. Household food insecurity was associated with respiratory infections in the second half of infancy, but not with diarrhea or stunting. Inclusion of animal source products, fruits, and vegetables in young children's diet was not common in the area. Poverty and maternal time constraints, and lack of teaching materials and language barrier, were identified as challenges to optimal CF practices and provision of CF education, respectively. Almost half of intervention mothers (45%) never attended an education session. Children in the IE were twice as likely to meet the minimum meal frequency compared to the CT children (aOR = 2.62; 95% CI; 1.11, 6.16), but energy, vitamin A, calcium, and iron intakes from complementary foods, and growth indicators did not differ among the three groups. Additionally, children of mothers who attended at least one nutrition education session in the IE group tended to receive the minimum acceptable diet (aOR = 2.30, 95% CI; 0.98, 5.39, p = 0.055) compared to children in the CT group at the end of the study. There were no differences between the two intervention groups, and feeding practices among children in the NE group did not improve at the end of the study. Future education interventions will need to increase the involvement of participants at the development phase of interventions, as a way of improving participation among caregivers of infants and young children.Des pratiques inappropriées d'alimentation de complément et des apports nutritionnels inadéquats contribuent au taux élevé de malnutrition parmi les enfants de 6 à 24 mois au Ghana. Dans les communautés où l'économie est basée sur l'agriculture, les interventions doivent mettre l'accent sur la production alimentaire et les connaissances des parents ou personnes qui s'occupent d'enfants (PPE) pour réduire la malnutrition chez les nourrissons et les jeunes enfants. Le but de la présente étude est d'évaluer l'efficacité d'une intervention combinée d'éducation nutritionnelle et agricole implémentée à travers des agents de santé communautaire et des agents de vulgarisation agricole pour améliorer l'alimentation et la croissance des nourrissons et des jeunes enfants dans la zone de Upper Manya au Ghana. Les pratiques d'alimentation de complément ainsi que les barrières et facilitateurs à l'éducation sur l'alimentation de complément ont été identifiées aux travers d'entrevues approfondies avec les agents de santé communautaire (n=28) et le personnel du ministère de l'alimentation et de l'agriculture (n=3) et à travers trois groupes de discussions avec les PPE (n=22) d'enfants de 6 à 24 mois. La méthode des essais pour de meilleures pratiques (Trials of Improved Practices method) a été utilisée pour évaluer la faisabilité de potentiels messages d'éducation nutritionnelle. Ce processus a guidé le développement de l'intervention ultérieure. Une étude randomisée par grappes a permis de comparer les pratiques d'alimentation, les apports nutritionnels et la croissance des nourrissons et des jeunes enfants (n=367) dans deux groupes d'intervention (éducation nutritionnelle et agricole [IE]; éducation nutritionnelle seule [NE]) et un groupe contrôle [CT]. L'alimentation et les données anthropométriques de chaque enfant, les données démographiques des ménages ainsi que de l'information sur la production agricole ont été recueillies à l'étude de base puis à trois mois d'intervalle pendant neuf mois. L'insécurité alimentaire peut avoir une influence sur le type et la quantité d'aliments consommés par les jeunes enfants, ce qui peut affecter leur état nutritionnel et de santé. Par conséquent, le niveau d'insécurité alimentaire des ménages avant les récoltes et sa relation avec la morbidité et la croissance des nourrissons ont été évalués (n=333). Les résultats indiquent que dans ce milieu rural, 21,6% des ménages étaient en' insécurité alimentaire. L'insécurité alimentaire des ménages été associée à des infections respiratoires dans la deuxième moitié de la petite enfance, mais pas à la diarrhée ni au retard de croissance. L'utilisation des aliments de source animale, des fruits et légumes dans l'alimentation des jeunes enfants n'était pas une habitude dans cette région. La pauvreté et les contraintes de temps des mères, ainsi le manque de matériel éducatif et les barrières linguistiques ont été identifiés comme des défis à des pratiques d'alimentation complémentaire optimales et à l'éducation nutritionnelle, respectivement. Il était deux fois plus probable que les enfants dans le groupe IE satisfassent les recommandations minimales de fréquence alimentaire que les enfants du groupe CT (aOR = 2.62; 95% CI; 1.11, 6.16). Par contre, aucune différence n'a été trouvée dans les apports en énergie, en vitamine A, en calcium et en fer ni dans les indicateurs de croissance entre les trois groupes. Par ailleurs, les enfants des mères qui ont assisté à au moins une session d'éducation nutritionnelle dans le groupe IE avaient tendance à recevoir une alimentation minimalement acceptable (aOR = 2.30, 95% CI; 0.98, 5.39, p = 0.055) comparativement aux enfants du groupe CT à la fin de l'étude. La participation à l'intervention été faible parmi les mères. Les futures interventions en éducation devront accroître l'implication des participants dès la phase de conception de celles-ci afin d'améliorer la participation des PPE des nourrissons et des jeunes enfants.
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Silva, Hilton P. Ç‚d 1966. "Growth, development, nutrition and health in Caboclo populations from the Brazilian Amazon /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486397841222667.
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Bennett, S. M. "Studies on the growth and nutrition of watercress, Nasturtium officinale R. Br." Thesis, University of Bath, 1986. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376290.
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Wright, Charlotte Margaret. "The Parkin Project : a study of screening and intervention in failure to thrive." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318178.
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Mitchell, D. "Ecological factors affecting growth and ochratoxim A production of Aspergillus section Nigri species on grapes." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431810.
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Uysal, Ali Enis. "Long run determinants of economic growth in a cross section of countries : theory and evidence." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1996. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2463/.
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This thesis studies long run economic growth in a cross section of countries. Its main objective is to constitute the necessary empirical and theoretical means for explaining the disparities in growth rates across countries. It consists of four non-coherent chapters. The first chapter is an empirical study of post-war economic growth in a wide range of countries. It uses the data provided by Summers and Heston (Penn World Table) and examines the empirical determinants of growth by using advanced panel-data techniques. Chapter 2 is a theoretical model of technology acquisition in a world where innovation is a costly process. It stresses the importance of innovative activity on long run economic growth, and shows how countries may develop at different rates even when they share a common technological frontier. Chapter 3 is another empirical work where the attention is focused on the economic performance of six European countries during 20th Century. We find that World-War-2 has been a major influence in economic activity and left permanent effects on relative incomes. The last chapter of the thesis contains a theoretical econometrics work. It provides consistent criteria for simultaneous selection of autoregressive order with cointegrating rank. A Monte Carlo experiment stimulates the performance of these criteria in small samples.
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Steyn, Clare Elizabeth. "The effect of fetal and neonatal growth on blood pressure development." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266006.
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Gardner, Jose. "Effects of Gestational Dietary Intake on Calf Growth and Early Feedlot Performance of Offspring." DigitalCommons@USU, 2017. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5395.
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Fetal programming is a relatively new and quickly growing field of research in the livestock industry. The concept of fetal programming is simply defined as the effects a change in maternal nutritional intake has on offspring, whether it be a genetic or physical change. The intention of this study was to specifically look at the effects of nutrient restriction of cows during the second trimester of gestation on the growth and performance of the resulting calves.
In this study, thirty-two cows of predominantly angus influence from the Utah state university herd were chosen, naturally bred to a pure bred angus sire, and then allocated into two treatments: maintenance and restricted. These groups were treated uniformly for first and third trimesters of gestation, while in the second trimester, they were managed in a way that the maintenance group maintained a greater level of body condition and weight compared with the restricted group. Calf growth and performance was measured and compared for effects of fetal programming.
Previous studies in beef found positive effects on carcass characteristics. However, little work has been done to ensure that fetal programming is not detrimental to calves early in life. Though this study did find that nutrient restriction resulted in more excitable cattle, no negative effects caused by programming were found in growth and performance of the offspring.
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Boom, Suzanna A. M. van den. "Feeding practices and growth of children under 20 months of age in Madrid." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241399.
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Zivkovich, Caitlin J. "An Evaluation of a Supplemental Snack Feeding Program on Growth in School-aged Children Living in Rural Tanzania, East Africa." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1302883411.
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Hoare, Simon. "Determinants of catch-up growth following diarrhoeal disease in West African children." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341780.
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Huang, Dennis Shihchang 1957. "Canthaxanthin and tumor growth in mice." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291428.
Full textAbstract:
Canthaxanthin (CX), a non-provitamin A carotenoid, has been shown to exert a variety of effects on cells of the immune system and to have tumor-specific cytopathic effects in vivo and in vitro. In the present study, CX was shown to inhibit the in vitro growth of three murine tumor cell lines, JB/MS melanoma, B16F10 melanoma, and PYB6 fibrosarcoma. This effect was dose-dependent up to a concentration of CX of 10⁻⁴M. In contrast, the growth of NIH-3T3 fibroblasts was enhanced following a 96 hr incubation with 10⁻⁴M CX. A dietary supplement of 1% CX retarded tumor growth in LP-BM5 retrovirus-infected female C57BL/6 mice after tumor challenge, but had no effect on tumor growth in normal, uninfected animals. Although, NK activity and T and B subpopulations were not modified by dietary CX after tumor challenge, irrespective of whether mice had been virus-infected, there was a slight enhancement of mitogen-stimulated IFN-τ production by virus-infected murine spleen cells when compared with non-infected cells. We suggest that CX has potential as a modifier of cancer cell growth, especially in situation where impairment of the immune system has occurred as a result of viral infection.