Relevant bibliographies by topics / Section of the pipeline

Academic literature on the topic 'Section of the pipeline'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Section of the pipeline"

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Deng, Huangshi, Helin Fu, Yue Shi, Zhen Huang, and Qibing Huang. "Analysis of Asymmetrical Deformation of Surface and Oblique Pipeline Caused by Shield Tunneling along Curved Section." Symmetry 13, no. 12 (December 12, 2021): 2396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13122396.

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The deformation of existing pipelines caused by the tunneling of a shield machine along curved sections has not been sufficiently researched, and a corresponding theoretical prediction formula is lacking. This paper derives a prediction formula for the deformation of an existing pipeline caused by shield machine tunneling along a curved section. Further, a finite difference model (FDM) corresponding to an actual project is built. Finally, the deformation of the surface and existing pipelines caused by shield machine tunneling along the curved section is analyzed. The research results show that the results of theoretical prediction, FDM calculation, and field monitoring data are consistent. In addition, the deformation of the surface and the existing pipeline are asymmetrically distributed when the shield machine tunnels along the curve section instead of symmetrically distributed (for straight line segment). When the pipeline is perpendicular to the tunnel axis, the maximum deformation position of the existing pipeline deviates from the tunnel axis by about 0.5 times the tunnel radius. In addition, as the angle β between the pipeline axis and the tunnel axis increases, the maximum deformation position of the pipeline gradually approaches the tunnel axis.
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Varshitsky, Victor M., Igor B. Lebedenko, and Eldar N. Figarov. "Method for determining process parameters in the repairing of pipelines with out-of-spec curvature." SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGIES OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION 10, no. 1 (February 29, 2020): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.28999/2541-9595-2020-10-1-17-21.

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Pipe sections with curvatures exceeding the required specified values are often found during the pigging of major pipelines. Process parameters for repairs have to be defined in order to develop a maintenance project that also includes works to restore the specified status of the section found. A corresponding method is known for cases of relocation of an initially straight pipeline. The authors developed a method for determining process parameters for repairing pipelines with out-of-project axis curvature. The method is based on modeling the deformation of a pipeline with initial axis curvature; it takes into account the actual operating conditions of the pipeline and in-line inspection data. Examples of calculating process parameters for repairs and stress-deformed state of pipeline sections with out-of-specs curvature have been presented. The modeling results confirm the possibility of using the method for evaluating the repair process parameters, the length of the required trench exposure, and the magnitude and boundaries of additional digging-in or the need to lift the pipeline in order to determine the stress–strain state of the pipeline section to be repaired during execution and after the completion of repairs.
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Besheryan, Z. A., and I. F. Kantemirov. "Modeling and assessment of the stress-strain state of above-ground pipelines at different types of compensation sections." E3S Web of Conferences 266 (2021): 01022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126601022.

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The development of Russian fuel and energy complex in the short term is connected with the development of new hydrocarbon field in the permafrost zone and the need to build Arctic pipelines north of the 60th parallel. The ground-based structural scheme of pipeline laying is the most optimal while constructing trunk pipelines in permafrost areas in the Arctic and subarctic latitudes. The actual operating conditions of these systems are insufficiently studied. The above-ground pipeline in permafrost is in an complex stress-strain state. This study presents the results of the assessment of the stress-strain state of linearly extended above-ground pipelines at different compensation sections (triangular compensator; trapezoidal compensator; U-shaped compensator) under actual operating conditions. Using the finite element method on mathematical models, the dependences of the transverse displacements of the pipeline on movable supports and stresses arising in dangerous sections of the typical pipeline section during self-compensation of deformations on the variable design parameters of the system for various load combinations were established (the simulation was carried out in the ANSYS software package).
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Dmitriev, Andrey, Vladimir Sokolov, and Aleksey Bereznyov. "Influence of longitudinal force and internal pressure on the frequency of free vibrations of an underground oil pipeline." E3S Web of Conferences 217 (2020): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021701010.

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This paper is based on the equation obtained earlier by V.G. Sokolov to find the frequencies of natural vibrations of straight sections of large-diameter pipelines. In this work, to take into account the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the pipeline wall from oil flowing at different speeds, the solution obtained by M.A. Ilgamov and A.S. Volmyr is used. At the same time, the effect of a stationary fluid flow on the pipeline wall is taken into account in the equation written in forces for the last term of the normal component of inertia forces. The resulting modified equation allows determining the frequency characteristics of the pipeline both according to the rod theory (without taking into account the deformation of the cross section) and according to the theory of shells (taking into account the deformation of the cross section).
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Cheng, Guo Ming, Wen Jie Xu, and Hong Bin Chu. "Numerical Modeling of Soil-Pipeline Interaction Mechanism Caused by Surface Subsidence due to Longwall Mining." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 2202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.2202.

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In China, Surface subsidence caused by underground coal mining has affected the safe operation of pipelines in recent years. Take the coal mine in Shanxi section of the west-east gas pipeline as case study, numerical modeling was adopted to study the interaction mechanism of the soil-pipeline caused by longwall mining, and the numerical model was calibrated with the measurement data. The results reveal that the soil-pipeline interaction undergoes an evolution process from synchronization to separation during the subsidence process. The peak stresses on the pipeline at cross-sections occur generally above the centre of the corresponding subsidence basins at different stages of face advance, and the maximum stress on the pipeline appeared at about 150m above the centre of the subsidence basin as the face advances 300m.
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Aleksakhin, Alexander, Iryna Dubynskaya, Ilona Solyanyk, and Zhanna Dombrovs’ka. "The community heating network’s thermal condition assessment." Collected scientific works of Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport, no. 197 (December 22, 2021): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18664/1994-7852.197.2021.248328.

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Heat losses at the heating network’s distribution pipelines were identified for Karkivcommunity. Heat losses’ calculation is performed in view of the underground pipelines’ installationin non-accessible ducts. The heating system water temperature is accepted in line with the heatingnetwork temperature chart and according to the design outdoor temperature value for heatingpurposes. Specific heat losses in the network section’ pipelines are accepted at the level of standardvalues for the specified network laying method. The water flow rate at the heat pipeline sections isdefined as per the design heat loads from the buildings connected to the heat supply network. Theheat pipeline segment with uniform diameter is accepted as the rated section. The soil temperatureat the heat pipeline axis laying depth is accepted as 5°C. The heat losses at the structural networkelements are considered by 1.15 coefficient. The calculations are performed in view of the heatingsystem water flow rate and temperate changes along the heat pipeline length. While analyzing thethermal condition of the return pipelines of the community heating network, the changes in the heatcontent of the heating system water flow in the main direction pipeline during mixing with the waterflow from the branches of the main direction line are taken into account. Considering the averagetemperature of the coldest five days consecutively, the total energy loss in heating pipeline for a groupof buildings in Kharkov region are equivalent to 180.8kW.In view of the ambient air temperature changing over the heating period for Kharkiv cityclimate conditions and the current schedule for quality heat energy supply to the consumers controlthe annual heat losses in the community heating network pipelines were calculated. The soil temperature change at the heat pipeline installation depth during the heating period was notconsidered.Heat losses in the microdistrict network for the year are 2184 GJ. The data obtained can beused to compare options when developing a strategy for reforming the microdistrict heat supplysystem.
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Serediuk, М. D. "Influence of roughness of pipes surface on flow capacity and energy efficiency of gas pipelines operation." Oil and Gas Power Engineering, no. 1(35) (June 29, 2021): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9868-2021-1(35)-39-47.

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Long-term operation of main gas pipelines, the presence of water and mechanical impurities in the transported gas lead to erosion and corrosion damages to the inner surface of pipes, which causes an increase in its roughness. The increase in roughness results in an increase of the hydraulic resistance of natural gas pipelines, as well as affects theirs transport and energy consumption parameters. To manage the regimes of operation of main gas pipelines it is necessary to adequately predict their flow capacity and energy consumption for natural gas transportation under real values of pipe roughness which is higher than designed ones. On the basis of gas-dynamic equations of the steady-state gas movement the regularities of the influence of the pipe surface roughness on the hydraulic energy consumption of gas transportation at constant gas flow in the section of the gas pipeline are established. The regularities of the influence of the pipe surface roughness on the hydraulic efficiency coefficient of the gas pipeline section under idem difference of squares of inlet and outlet gas pressure values are clarified. It is established that the value of hydraulic efficiency coefficient of the gas pipeline section for specified value of absolute equivalent roughness of the pipe surface actually does not depend on the pipe inner diameter and slightly depends on the flowrate in the gas pipeline. The method of capacity and energy efficiency determination of the gas-dynamic system called compressor station – pipeline section for the increased pipe inner surface roughness in comparison with its designed value is proposed. The method involves mathematical modelling of gas-dynamic characteristics of centrifugal compressors, thermohydraulic calculation of the pipeline section taking into account the actual roughness of the pipe, consideration of pressure and gas flowrate technological limitations as well as energy consumption determination taken per unit of work lost in transport
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Yu, Haiyan, Fuyou Xu, Mingjie Zhang, and Aoqiu Zhou. "Experimental Investigation on Glaze Ice Accretion and Its Influence on Aerodynamic Characteristics of Pipeline Suspension Bridges." Applied Sciences 10, no. 20 (October 14, 2020): 7167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10207167.

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Pipeline suspension bridges may experience ice accretion under special atmospheric conditions, and the aerodynamic characteristics of the bridges may be modified by the ice accretion. Under some specific climatic conditions of freezing rain, the dependencies of the ice size and shape on the icing duration and some structural properties (including pipeline diameter, inclination angle of wind hanger, inclination angle and size of section steel, and girder geometry) were experimentally investigated in a refrigerated precipitation icing laboratory. Typical ice accretions on pipelines, wind hangers, section steels, and girders of pipeline suspension bridges are summarized. Then the effects of some selected ice accretions on aerodynamic force coefficients of a bridge girder were further investigated through wind tunnel tests. The ice size and shape on the pipeline were closely related to the pipeline diameter and icing duration. The engineering geometric models of ice accretion on pipelines were extracted. The ice shape and size on wind hangers and section steels changed with their inclination angles. The aerodynamic force coefficients of a girder with ice accretion were much higher than those of an ice-free one. The results can provide references for simulating the ice accretion and further evaluating the effect of ice accretion on the aerodynamics of pipeline suspension bridges.
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Varshitsky, Victor M., Igor B. Lebedenko, and Eldar N. Figarov. "Method for determining technological parameters to repair pipeline with out-of-spec curvature." Pipeline Science and Technology 4, no. 2 (May 31, 2020): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.28999/2514-541x-2020-4-2-84-88.

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When performing in-line inspection of trunk pipelines, line pipe sections are detected with curvature exceeding the values required by specifications. To prepare a repair work project that entails bringing the pipeline into the standard conditions, it is necessary to determine the technological parameters of the repair. The corresponding technique is known for cases of moving an initially straight pipeline. The authors of the paper have developed the method for determining the technological parameters to repair pipeline with out-of-spec curvature of the axis. The method is based on simulation of pipeline deformation with the initial curvature of the axis, taking into account the actual operating conditions of the pipeline and in-line inspection data. Examples of calculations of repair technological parameters and stress-strain state of pipeline sections with out-of-spec curvature are given. The simulation results confirm the possibility for applying this method to assess the technological parameters of repair, the length of trench excavation, the size and limits of the pipeline additional burying or lifting, and to determine the stress-strain state of the pipeline section under repair during and after repair work.
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Sidorov, M. M., N. I. Golikov, and R. P. Tihonov. "EVALUATION OF THE STRESSED DEFORMED STATE OF MAIN GAS PIPELINES RUNNING IN PERMANENTLY FROZEN GROUNDS." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 270 (December 2020): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2020.12.pp.058-063.

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The work evaluates the stress deformed state of the section of the interfield gas collecting main, running in permanently frozen grounds. The object of research is a section of a pipeline with an arched discharge formed as a result of loss of stability as a result of thermal erosion of permanently frozen grounds to disturbance of the vegetation cover. The determination of stresses was carried out by the X-ray method using portable equipment. The experimental data were analyzed with the calculated. The calculated data were obtained by measuring the spatial position of the gas pipeline section. The obtained values of the acting stresses and the estimates of the critical indicators of the gas pipeline monitoring section made it possible to reasonably estimate the stress state. The methodology for determining the acting stresses of pipelines using portable X-ray equipment can be successfully applied to estimate the stressed-deformed state of pipeline systems running in the zone of permafrost.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Section of the pipeline"

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Miller, Hennessy Felicia, and Hennessy Felicia Miller. "Assessment of Ephemeral Channel Cross-Section Morphology Following Pipeline Construction in Southern Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624133.

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Morphologic change of ephemeral stream cross-sections is a natural component of fluvial geomorphology but disruptions to natural erosion and deposition by anthropogenic disturbances has the potential for cascading impacts down the channel corridor. The proximal impact of a natural gas pipeline construction on ephemeral stream cross-section geometry in southern Arizona was evaluated from July 2014 (pre-construction) to July 2016 (two years post construction). Cross-sections at three locations (upstream the pipeline Right-Of-Way (ROW)), through the middle of the ROW, and downstream of the ROW) were measured using Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) and field methods for 16 ephemeral streams. Results of both the LIDAR and field measurements indicated insignificant difference in cross-sectional area change between upstream, across, and downstream-ROW cross-sections [(F 2,64) = 0.341, p = 0.73; (F2,18)= 0.980, p = 0.395]. Sediment generated during pipeline construction appeared to have moved beyond the physical confines of the study site, which limited the assessment of larger-scale geomorphic impacts. Furthermore, the 2014-2016 study period experienced only small (high-recurrence frequency) precipitation events, indicating the absence of large flows capable of significant morphologic change. To further explain differences in cross-section area change between LIDAR datasets, a linear regression model was used to assess the predictive value of nine variables: year of measurement, drainage area, drainage density, basin slope, upstream-, across-, downstream-ROW cross-section locations, percent bare soil in basin, percent mesquite in basin, total precipitation, and number of storms with average precipitation above 25 mm/hour. Though the amount of bare soil in the basin and the second study period (February 2015-July 2016) at least partially explained the changes in cross-section area, the model was not a strong predictor of morphologic change during the 2014-2016 study period. The majority of the variability in cross-sectional area change in the study basins remained unexplained.
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Yiasoumis, Demetris. "Real Options in the Energy Sector: The Case of Oil/Natural Gas Pipeline Networks." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486549.

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This thesis is concerned with the application of the real options methodology to value oiVnatural gas pipeline networks. A simple real option model for the valuation of an oil storage facility is presented initially to demonstrate the concept of physical energy asset valuation with respect to market price movements. The investment strategy underpinning:1he model relies on forward dynamic optimisation. We consider a single-period optimisation problem of an oiVnatural gas pipeline network. In this problem, the network is represented by a graph with vertices and arcs denoting various markets and pipelines, respectively. Each market has delivery and supply constraints and there are also pipeline capacity constraints. The objective is to maximise profit subject to satisfying all constraints by flowing oiVgas through the network. Two formulations, one path-based and the other arc-based, transforming the problem into a linear programming problem are described. The performance of the algorithm d~veloped for each formulation is evaluated. A real option model for an oil/natural gas pipeline network is presented. The model uses the arc formulation and Monte Carlo simulation. Its algorithmic implementation is tested. We extend the single-period optimisation problem by introducing multiple time periods and an oil/gas storage facility. An arc-based formulation leading to a -new linear programming problem is presented. We test the implementation algorithm constructed. A description of how to use the arc-based formulation and Monte Carlo simulation to develop a real option model for an oiVnatural gas pipeline network with storage is also provided. A real option model for an oil/natural gas pipeline network with storage is developed. The model is a stochastic dynamic programming approach and takes into account optionality that may be exercised throughout the lifetime of the network. The constructed algorithm's performance is investigated.
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Kumaravel, Sharanya. "Enriching the genetic counseling recruitment pipeline: A national cross-sectional study of high school counselors." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1276975834.

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Гусарова, И. Г., and В. С. Рязанов. "Моделирование нестационарных режимов течения по участку негоризонтального трубопровода." Thesis, ХНЕУ, 2016. http://openarchive.nure.ua/handle/document/2288.

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В работе рассмотрена математическая модель и численный метод, позволяющие проводить моделирование нестационарных процессов течения газа в трубопроводе с учетом рельефа трассы. На их основе можно проводить управление в нештатных ситуациях и аварийных ситуациях, происходящих в газотранспортной системе, и которые позволяют вести расчет параметров газового потока с необходимой точностью и необходимым быстродействием.
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Goglund, Filip. "The Nord Stream Natural Gas Pipeline & the European Union's security situation; : a case study of economic securitization." Thesis, Linnaeus University, School of Social Sciences, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-6103.

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This thesis has investigated and analysed whether or not the Nord Stream Natural Gas Pipeline has affected or changed Europe's security situation. By analysing how the Nord Stream Natural Gas Pipeline has been described as a political or economic project by the EU, one can conclude whether the project has been securitized by the EU or not. This is done through the study of official EU documents. The documents have been analysed using framework for sector analysis  and securitization as theorised by the Copenhagen School of international relations. By distinguishing the different conceptions of threat, security and methods discussed in these documents it is possible to analyse whether arguments belong to either the economic or political sector of sector analysis, and how they can be seen as signs of securitization. This has been done by utilizing qualitative text analysis in a case study framework. The thesis concludes that the  Nord Stream Natural Gas Pipeline has not been securitized as a threat by the EU. On the contrary, the project is endorsed as a part of energy proliferation. The EU insist and encourages upon the project and several similar ones in order to ensure energy security for the EU in the future.

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Незамай, Б. С. "Метод та пристрій контролю напружено-деформованого стану магістральних трубопроводів за їх формою перерізів." Thesis, Івано-Франківський національний технічний університет нафти і газу, 2008. http://elar.nung.edu.ua/handle/123456789/4254.

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Дисертація присвячена вирішенню проблеми оцінки напружено-деформованого стану відкритих ділянок лінійної частини магістральних трубопроводів. Показано, що відкриті ділянки лінійної частини магістральних трубопроводів знаходяться під дією різноманітних впливів, кількісний, а іноді і якісний аналіз яких в реальних умовах неможливий. Під дією зовнішніх впливів у тілі труб нагромаджуються дефекти, в тому числі дефекти форми перерізу, які впливають на загальний напружено-деформований стан конструкції. Розроблено математичну модель деформування трубопроводу, яка враховує можливі деформації його перерізів, і тим самим дозволяє більш точно описати явища, що відбуваються з лінійною частиною магістральних трубопроводів в процесі тривалої експлуатації. Розроблено первинний перетворювач та мікропроцесорний пристрій для контролю конфігурації форми перерізу труби. Створено метод відтворення просторової конфігурації відкритих ділянок трубопроводу на основі даних про форму його перерізів з використанням методу локальних варіацій.
Диссертация посвящена решению проблемы оценки напряженно-деформированного состояния (НДС) открытых участков линейной части магистральных трубопроводов ЛЧМТ. Диссертация состоит из введения, четырех глав и приложений. Обоснована актуальность работы, сформулированы цели и задачи исследований, подана научная новизна и практическая ценность полученных результатов, отражены основные результаты работы. Показано, что открытые участки ЛЧМТ функционируют под воздействием разнообразных внешних факторов, количественный, а иногда и качественный анализ которых в реальных условиях невозможен. Во время длительной эксплуатации в теле трубы накапливаются дефекты, в том числе дефекты формы сечений, которые воздействуют на НДС конструкции. Проделанный анализ современного состояния диагностирования ЛЧМТ показал, что существующие системы контроля трубопроводов обладают рядом недостатков. Ограниченные функциональные возможности рассмотренных технических средств не позволяют получить всю необходимую информацию о параметрах состояния трубопровода, что влияет на результат контроля его НДС. Существующие расчетные методы определения НДС ЛЧМТ позволяют получать адекватную картину состояния только в случае, когда удается точно оценить все воздействия на участок трубопровода. Розработанная математическая модель деформирования трубопровода включает возможные деформации его сечений и, тем самым, позволяет более точно описать явления в теле трубы ЛЧМТ в процессе его эксплуатации. Впервые создан расчетный метод контроля НДС ЛЧМТ, который, в отличие от существующих, учитывает форму сечения трубы магистрального трубопровода. Создан метод восстановления пространственной конфигурации открытых участков трубопроводов на основании информации о форме его сечений с использованием метода локальных вариаций. Розработано алгоритмическое обеспечение, реализующее математическую модель деформирования трубопровода, и позволяющее моделировать НДС конкретных открытых участков ЛЧМТ. Розработано алгоритмическое и программное обеспечение метода контроля НДС трубопроводов на основании информации о координатах ограниченого числа точек поверхности трубопровода. С целью выявления требований к средствам контроля формы сечений проведены исследования методами имитационного моделирования. При этом бьло установлено, что аналитическое представление формы сечения трубопровода, полученное в результате интерполяции кубическим сплайном со сглаживанием результатов измерений может быть использован для контроля НДС трубопровода. Розработан первичный преобразователь и микропроцессорное устройство для контроля конфигурации формы сечения трубы. Промышленное использование розроботанных методов и технических средств контроля НДС при проведении ремонтных робот на участках трубопровода около села Лопушне Мижгирского района Закарпатской области Долинского ЛВУМГ подтвердило их эффективность.
The dissertation is devoled to the solution of the stress and strained state estimations problem for the trunk pipeline’s linear portion above-ground segments. It was shown, that above-ground segments of the trunk pipelines linear portion are situated under the action of different influences, the quantitative and sometimes the qualitative one’s analysis is impossible in the real working conditions. As results of these external influences action the defect’s appearence and accumulation takes place in pipeline, in particullary - the defects of section shape, which make the influence on the general stress and strained state of the construction. The mathematical model of the deformation process in pipeline is designed taking to account the possible deformation of the one’s sections. If allows to describe the processes, which take place in the trunk pipeline linear portion during the long term exploitation, with the increasing level of accuracy. The sensor and microprocessor device for the pipeline section shape configuration control are designed, the method of above-ground pipeline’s segments space configuration reconstruction is given based on the information about the one’s section shape using the local variations method.
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7

Sawaya, Antoine. "Pipeline logiciel." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997VERS0012.

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Dans cette thèse nous nous intéressons à l'exploitation du parallélisme à grain fin, dit aussi parallélisme d'instructions dans les processeurs vliw et super scalaires. Plus particulièrement, nous traitons le problème de l'optimisation des boucles par pipeline logiciel. Ces portions de code répétitives dominent largement le temps d'exécution des programmes scientifiques, d'où l'intérêt crucial de maîtriser leur optimisation dans la course actuelle à la performance. Dans un premier temps, nous étudions formellement le problème du découplage des contraintes de ressources et des contraintes de dépendances. Le but en est de ramener le problème d'ordonnancement des boucles à un problème d'ordonnancement classique où les méthodes d'optimisation sont mieux maîtrisées. Nous pressentons un cadre commun qui nous permet de comparer notre approche desp à deux autres techniques procédant suivant la même philosophie. Nous concluons cette partie en proposant une amélioration à l'ensemble de ces techniques, ce qui a pu être valide expérimentalement. Ces algorithmes sont développés et disponibles dans une boite à outils pilo. Cependant, le parallélisme d'instructions accroît la pression sur les registres du processeur, ce qui explique l'importance de prendre en compte cette contrainte supplémentaire, afin d'éviter une dégradation du code produit. Cette problématique nous a conduit à proposer une formulation par programmation linéaire en variables bivalentes qui permet de définir un modèle global, dans lequel, nous pouvons contrôler le nombre exact de registres requis pendant la phase d'ordonnancement. Nos expériences nous ont permis de valider notre approche et de situer les temps de résolution des programmes linéaires génèrés. L'enjeu est ici de produire un code optimal qui puisse intégrer des librairies spécialisées, être micro-programme dans des processeurs embarqués, ou servir comme base de comparaison pour les différentes heuristiques.
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Дорошенко, Я. В. "Розробка методів локалізації пошкоджень газопроводу для проведення ремонтних робіт." Thesis, Івано-Франківський національний технічний університет нафти і газу, 2006. http://elar.nung.edu.ua/handle/123456789/4099.

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Дисертацію присвячено розробці методів локалізації наскрізних дефектів газопроводу з метою забезпечення можливості проведення ремонтних робіт без припинення транспортування газу та локалізації ділянок газопроводу з метою забезпечення можливості заміни протяжних дефектних ділянок, застарілих та дефектних кранових вузлів без випорожнення і продувки трубопроводу. локалізації місця витоку в потоці транспортованого газу до місця аварійного витоку та вплив часткового перекриття газопроводу пристроєм на ефективність його роботи. Досліджено вплив динамічно прикладених навантажень на конструкцію пристрою для локалізації місця витоку та стопорний вузол під час зупинки пристрою в місці аварійного витоку. Теоретично досліджено процес локалізації ділянки газопроводу пристроєм для локалізації ділянки газопроводу.
В первом разделе выполнен анализ состояния газотранспортной системы Украины, причин отказов и методов ремонта линейной части газопроводов, на основании которого сформулированы цель и задачи работы. Второй раздел посвящен разработке и теоретическому исследованию технологии локализации сквозных дефектов газопровода. Разработана конструкция устройства для локализации места течи в газопроводе, применение которого позволит провести ремонт газопровода без прекращения транспортировки газа, что даст возможность обеспечить бесперебойное снабжение потребителей газом и существенно снизит потери газа во время проведения ремонтных работ. Предложены технологии, которые можно применить для ремонта сквозного дефекта газопровода после локализации течи. Создан алгоритм реализации математической модели, который учитывает влияние аварийной течи на динамику движения устройства газопроводом, что даст возможность оперативно принимать диспетчерские решения для управления скоростью движения устройства и определять распределение значений эксплуатационных параметров вдоль газопровода во время движения устройства к месту аварии. С помощью уравнений, полученных в результате реализации математической модели движения устройства газопроводом, проведены теоретические исследования динамики движения устройства для локализации места течи по газопроводу к месту аварии, рассчитано время доставки устройства к месту аварии, определено распределение давления и характер изменения скорости движения устройства по длине газопровода. Исследовано зависимость объема утраченного газа за время доставки устройства до места течи от диаметра течи, что позволит перед применением разработанного метода провести экономическую оценку. Проведен анализ процесса торможения устройства для локализации места течи в месте аварийной утечки газа. Исследовано влияние динамически приложенных нагрузок на конструкцию устройства для локализации места течи и стопорный узел, что позволило выбрать такие геометрические размеры корпуса устройства и стопорного узла, которые обеспечат работоспособность конструкции во время столкновения устройства с стопором. Проведена оценка эффективности работы газопровода во время частичного перекрытия его полости устройством для локализации места течи путем определения зависимости величины давления газа в конце участка газопровода от падения давления на устройстве. В третьем разделе приведены результаты экспериментальных исследований динамики движения устройства для локализации места течи по трубопроводу к месту аварии и влияния частичного перекрытия трубопровода устройством на эффективность его работы. Для практической реализации поставленных задач изготовлен объект исследований - модель устройства для локализации места течи и разработано и построено экспериментальный стенд. Экспериментально исследовано изменение скорости движения модели устройства для локализации места течи по длине трубопровода и установлено, что характер экспериментальных кривых совпадает с характером кривых построенных на основе теоретических исследований. С помощью метода математического планирования эксперимента исследовано влияние расхода воздуха в трубопроводе, расхода воздуха через аварийную течь и геометрического уклона трубопровода к горизонту на скорость движения модели устройства для локализации места течи трубопроводом. Проведены экспериментальные исследования влияния расхода воздуха в трубопроводе на скорость движения модели устройства. Экспериментально определен коэффициент местного сопротивления модели устройства и проведены экспериментальные исследования влияния частичного перекрытия трубопровода моделью устройства на эффективность его работы. Четвертый раздел посвящен разработке и теоретическому исследованию технологии локализации участка газопровода. Разработана конструкция устройства для локализации участка газопровода, применение которого позволит локализовать протяжный участок газопровода и обеспечит возможность замены устаревших и дефектных крановых узлов, протяжных дефектных участков газопровода, без опорожнения и продувки газопровода. Создан алгоритм реализации математической модели движения устройства дефектным участком газопровода с аварийной утечкой газа за устройством, что позволило определить расстояние, которое пройдет устройство от места аварийной утечки газа к полной остановке. Проведены теоретические исследования зависимости расстояния, которое пройдет устройство после прохождения места аварийной утечки газа к полной остановке от скорости движения устройства к аварийной утечке газа для разных диаметров газопроводов.
Dissertation is devoted to development of localization method of penetration defects of a gas pipeline, where the main purpose is to provide the possibility to lead repair works without stopping transporting the gas and localization of gas pipeline areas with the purpose to provide the possibility of replacement of the lengthy defects gas pipeline section, obsolete and defective valve without emptying and blowing of gas pipeline. Theoretical and experimental researches are conducted to the motion dynamics device for localization of leak place in the stream of the transported gas to the emergency leak place and also influencing of the partial ceiling of gas pipeline by the device on the capacity of gas pipeline. Influence of the dynamic loadings is set on device's construction for localization of leak place and retainer while the device is stopped in the emergency leak place. Theoretically, the localization process of gas pipeline section is explored by the device for localization section of gas pipeline.
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LIPORACE, FREDERICO DOS SANTOS. "PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION PLANNERS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2005. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=8163@1.

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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Oleodutos têm um papel importante no transporte de petróleo e de seus derivados, pois são a maneira mais eficaz de transportar grandes volumes por longas distâncias. A motivação deste trabalho é que uma parte não negligenciável do preço final de um derivado de petróleo é influenciada pelo custo de transporte. Apesar disso, até onde sabemos, apenas alguns autores trabalharam neste problema específico, a maioria utilizando técnicas de programação inteira. Este trabalho analisa a utilização de técnicas de inteligência artificial, arcabouços de software e simulação discreta orientada a eventos para a construção de planejadores automáticos capazes de lidar com instâncias reais de problemas de transporte em oleodutos. A primeira contribuição dessa tese é a especificação de um novo domínio para problemas de planejamento, denominado PIPESWORLD. Este domínio é inspirado no problema de transporte em oleodutos e especificado em PDDL. Por sua estrutura original, ele foi incorporado ao benchmark oficial da 4th International Planner Competition, evento bi-anual que compara o desempenho de diversos planejadores automáticos de propósito geral. Mesmo sendo uma simplificação do problema original, o PIPESWORLD se mostra um domínio bastante desafiador para o estado da arte dos planejadores. É demonstrado também que problemas de decisão derivados de diversas configurações do Pipesworld são NP-Completos. A segunda contribuição dessa tese é o arcabouço de software PLANSIM. Este framework incorpora uma máquina de busca que pode utilizar diversas estratégias, e define uma estrutura que facilita a construção de planejadores automáticos baseados em busca heurística direta que utilizam como modelo do processo a ser planejado simuladores orientados a eventos discretos. São apresentadas instanciações do PLANSIM para a construção de planejadores para problemas clássicos de como o das Torres de Hanoi e Blocksworld. A terceira contribuição da tese é a instanciação do PLANSIM para a construção de um planejador automático capaz de tratar instâncias reais de planejamento de transporte em oleodutos, denominado PLUMBER 05. A utilização de técnicas de simulação discreta orientada a eventos para a representação do modelo do sistema a ser planejado permite que este seja bastante fiel ao problema original. Isto somado ao uso do PLANSIM facilita a construção de planejadores capazes de lidar com instâncias reais.
Pipelines have an important role in oil and its derivatives transportation, since they are the most effective way to transport high volumes through long distances. The motivation for this work is that a non negligible part of the final price for those products are due to transportation costs. Few authors have addressed this problem, with most of the previous work using integer programming techniques. This work analyses the use of Artificial Intelligence techniques, discrete event simulators and software frameworks for building automated planners that are able to deal with real-world oil pipeline transportation instances. The first contribution of this thesis is the specification of a new planning domain called PIPESWORLD. This domain is inspired by the oil pipeline transportation problem, and is defined in PDDL. Due to its original structure, the PIPESWORLD domain has been incorporated to the 4th International Planning Competition benchmark. Even being a simplification of the original problem, PIPESWORLD instances in the benchmark are challenging to state of art solvers. It is also shown that decision problems based on PIPESWORLD configurations are NP-Hard. The second contribution of this thesis is the PLANSIM opensource framework. This framework incorporates a search engine that may use several different strategies, and defines a structure that facilitates the construction of automated planners based on heuristic forward search that use discrete event simulators as the model for the process to be planned. The third contribution of this thesis is a PLANSIM instantiation that results in an automated planner able to deal with real-world oil pipeline transportation instances, called PLUMBER 2. The use of discrete event simulation techniques for the model of the system to be planned allows this model to be very close to the original problem. This, in conjunction with PLANSIM usage, facilitates the construction of planners that are able to cope with real-world instances.
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Galvagni, Andrea. "Pipeline health monitoring." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/29154.

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Worldwide, BP operates many thousand kilometres of pipelines carrying valuable yet toxic and corrosive fluids. The structural integrity of these pipelines is crucial, as any failure may result in environmental damage, economic losses and injuries to personnel. Convention- ally, pipeline integrity is assessed on a time basis. This inherently limits the amount of infor- mation available about its structural health, as any damage which develops in unexpected circumstances or while the pipeline is not being inspected may remain undetected. Such lack of information hinders the reliability of any prognosis and of Risk-Based Inspection and Maintenance strategies, increases the risk of unexpected critical damage development and pipeline failure, and forces the use of costly time-based maintenance, following the safe-life design approach. Conversely, if sufficient information about pipeline integrity were avail- able to produce reliable prognoses, then it would become possible to dramatically reduce the risk of unexpected failures and to utilise cost-efficient condition-based maintenance, which prescribes the replacement of a pipeline only when it is about to suffer critical dam- age and has therefore reached the actual end of its operational life. In this way, pipeline networks would become safer and more reliable while at the same time more productive and less costly. This thesis introduces and demonstrates a Structural Health Monitoring ap- proach that has the potential to fill the integrity information gap and ultimately enable the use of condition-based pipeline maintenance. This approach, embodied by a practical au- tomated pipeline damage detection procedure, complements permanently installed guided wave sensors to create a complete pipeline health monitoring solution. Utilising experimen- tal data from a permanently installed guided wave sensor installed on a purpose-built NPS 8 Schedule 40 pipe loop facility at BP's Naperville Campus, it is shown that the procedure is very effective at detecting and quantifying actual damage, thereby achieving the intended aim of this thesis.
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Books on the topic "Section of the pipeline"

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Burchett, Tim W. Archaeological investigations along the Exxon Section One Bairoil/Dakota carbon dioxide pipeline. Rock Springs, Wyo: Archaeological Services, Western Wyoming College, 1987.

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Board, Canada National Energy. Reasons for decision in the matter of TransCanada Keystone Pipeline GP Ltd: Section 52 application dated 12 December 2006 for the Keystone Pipeline Project. Calgary, Alta: The Board, 2007.

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Buchanan, K. T. North Shore Gas: The cultural section of the environmental assessment of a proposed gas pipeline between Elliot Lake and Sault Ste. Marie. Sudbury, Ont: Archaeological Survey. Laurentian University, 1986.

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Georgia Strait Crossing Pipeline Ltd. Georgia Strait Crossing Pipeline LP: Petition for declaratory order regarding waiver of certification under section 401 Clean Water Act and the Coastal Zone Management Act. [Salt Lake City, Utah]: Georgia Strait Crossing Pipeline, 2003.

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Board, Canada National Energy. Reasons for decision in the matter of Trans-Northern Pipelines Inc: Section 58 application dated 26 June 2003. Calgary, Alta: National Energy Board, 2003.

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Board, Canada National Energy. Reasons for decision in the matter of TransCanada Keystone Pipeline GP Ltd: Application dated 23 November 2007 pursuant to sections 58 and 21 of the National Energy Board Act for the Keystone Cushing Expansion Project. Calgary, AB: The Board, 2008.

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Board, Canada National Energy. Reasons for decision in the matter of TransCanada Keystone Pipeline GP Ltd: Application dated 23 November 2007 pursuant to sections 58 and 21 of the National Energy Board Act for the Keystone Cushing Expansion Project. Calgary, AB: The Board, 2008.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Amending section 28(w) of the Mineral Leasing Act of 1920, as amended, to repeal the 60-day waiting period for the granting of pipeline rights-of-way: Report (to accompany S. 3017). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1990.

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Board, Canada National Energy. Reasons for decision in the matter of Trans-Northern Pipelines Inc.: Section 58 application dated 26 June 2003. Calgary: National Energy Board, 2003.

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Company, Algonquin Gas Transmission. Application for a certificate of public convenience and necessity: FERC Section 7(c) application : J-2 Loop Project. [Washington, D.C: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission], 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Section of the pipeline"

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Li, Wang, Liqiao Huang, Wenhua Ma, and Zhijian Zhang. "Study on Dali-Baoshan Section of Anning-Baoshan Oil Product Pipeline." In Computational and Experimental Simulations in Engineering, 84–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64690-5_9.

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Brazdil, Pavel, Jan N. van Rijn, Carlos Soares, and Joaquin Vanschoren. "Automating Workflow/Pipeline Design." In Metalearning, 123–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67024-5_7.

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SummaryThis chapter discusses the design of workflows (or pipelines), which represent solutions that involve more than one algorithm. This is motivated by the fact that many tasks require such solutions. This problem is non-trivial, as the number of possible workflows (and their configurations) can be rather large. This chapter discusses various methods that can be used to restrict the design options and thus reduce the size of the configuration space. These include, for instance, ontologies and context-free grammars. Each of these formalisms has its merits and shortcomings. Many platforms have resorted to planning systems that use operators. These can be designed to be in accordance with the given ontologies or grammars. As the search space may be rather large, it is important to leverage prior experience. This topic is addressed in one of the sections, which discusses rankings of plans that have proved to be useful in the past. The workflows/pipelines that have proved successful in the past can be retrieved and used as plans in future tasks. Thus, it is possible to exploit both planning and metalearning.
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Tao, Xinghua, Hongwu Zhu, and Lili Xu. "Mechanism Design and Kinematics Modeling of Irregular Cross-Section Pipeline Welding Robot." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 65–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19959-2_8.

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Dinstein, Yoram, and Arne Willy Dahl. "Section VI: Submarine Cables and Pipelines." In Oslo Manual on Select Topics of the Law of Armed Conflict, 61–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39169-0_6.

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Stojmanovski, Viktor, Vladimir Stojmanovski, and Blagoja Stavrov. "Examination of Laminations in the Base Material on a Section of High Pressure Gas Supply Pipeline." In Experimental and Computational Investigations in Engineering, 1–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58362-0_1.

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Sruthi, P. V., Prabaharan Poornachandran, and A. S. Remya Ajai. "Performance Analysis and Improvement Using LFSR in the Pipelined Key Scheduling Section of DES." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 215–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34135-9_22.

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Habib, Muhktar, and Xie Congjiao. "The Ajoukuta–Kaduna-Kano Natural Gas Pipeline Project. An Opportunity for The Nigerian Gas Sector." In Proceedings of the International Petroleum and Petrochemical Technology Conference 2020, 43–57. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1123-0_5.

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Heinrich, Andreas. "Securitisation in the Gas Sector: Energy Security Debates Concerning the Example of the Nord Stream Pipeline." In Energy Security in Europe, 61–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64964-1_3.

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Lopes, Cristina Videira. "Pipeline." In Exercises in Programming Style, 49–57. Second edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2020.: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429343216-6.

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Weik, Martin H. "pipeline." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1280. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_14113.

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Conference papers on the topic "Section of the pipeline"

1

Melfi, Teresa, and Vaidyanath Rajan. "Waveform Controlled Welding in ASME Section IX." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31477.

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Metallic pipe is produced to meet API, ISO or other industry specifications. When the manufacturing process involves welding of a longitudinal or spiral seam, the welding is typically done to the standards of ASME Section IX. Girth welding of pipe is often performed using ASME Section IX standards and pulsing waveforms. In 2006, a task group was set up in ASME Section IX to explore waveform controlled welding and recommend code changes. The recommendations were submitted for approval, and the resulting code changes were published in the 2010 edition of ASME Section IX. The changes deal with the way energy or power is measured and the resulting calculation of heat input. This paper will explore differences in the measurement and calculation methods when using waveform controlled welding and discuss why these occur. The code changes will be presented. Detailed explanations will be given of how to comply with the new standards using either new or existing procedure qualifications.
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Tcherni, V. P. "Technique of Estimation of Actual Strength of a Gas Pipeline Section at its Deformation in Landslide Action Zone." In 1996 1st International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1996-1938.

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The technique is given which permit to determine stress and strain state (SSS) and to estimate actual strength of a section of a buried main gas pipeline (GP) in case of its deformation in landslide action zone. The technique is based on use of three-dimensional coordinates of axial points of the deformed GP section. These coordinates are received by full-scale survey. The deformed axis of the surveyed GP section is described by the polynomial. The unknown coefficients of the polinomial can be determined from the boundary conditions in points of connection with contiguous undeformed sections as well as by use one of minimization methods at mathematical processing of full-scale survey results. The received form of GP section’s axis allows to determine curvatures and, accordingly, bending moments along all the length of the considered section. The account for the influence of soil resistance to longitudinal displacements of a pipeline is used to determine longitudinal forces. Received by this technique values of bending moments and axial forces as well as known value of internal pressure are used to receive all necessary components of actual SSS of pipeline section and to estimate its strength by elastic analysis.
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Tyanev, Dimitar, Stamen Kolev, and Dragomir Yanev. "Micro-pipeline section for condition-controlled loop." In the International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1731740.1731752.

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Antunes, Bruno Reis, Ernesto Santana-Diaz, Monica de C. Genaio, Bruno R. M. Cunha, and Morgan Gouriou. "Corrosion Protection of a Pipeline Section Inside an HDD Coastal Landfall." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33078.

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Directional boring commonly known as Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) is a technique widely employed in landfall areas. HDD provides advantages of crossing considerable lengths with local soil disturbance and low environmental impact, which has contributed to turn it into one of the preferred techniques between various authorities. In despite of these advantages, the corrosion protection of the HDD is complex due to the unfeasibility of installation of sacrificial anodes distributed uniformly along the HDD, which would require a remote protection engineering solution as an alternative. The remote solution adopted, the level of coating damage on the pipeline after the installation, the corrosiveness and resistivity of the surrounding environment, in particular when very different environments encounter, i.e. sea-sand-rock, are major uncertainties that must be considered on the design. In addition, the lack of recommendation on international standards and the difficulties involved with the direct inspection of the pipeline section inside the HDD increases the robustness required for the design and its verification. This paper presents the corrosion protection system of a gas line section inside a HDD in a landfall area, describing the combination of pipeline coating and cathodic protection systems both specified to resist the service life of the pipeline. After a brief review of published works related to this subject, this paper will focus on the coating and cathodic protection design presenting not only the premises, design data and methodology adopted, but also associated results and installation issues. Computing modeling and recommended practices are used to identify the best and the most feasible solution. Finally, conclusions and recommendations will be presented in order to support future projects with similar challenges.
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LiuYi, Jiang, Zhang Hong, and Duan QingQuan. "Numerical Simulation of Acoustic Resonance in Closed Side Branch With Different Cross-Section Shapes." In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78459.

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There are many closed side branches in the gas conveying pipeline system. When the gas passes through the closed side branch, the shear layer will arouse the acoustic resonance in the closed side branch, which is harmful to the safe operation of the pipeline. The research work is insufficient about the influence of the cross-section shape of the closed side branch on acoustic resonance. Using the Detached-Eddy Simulation (DES) model, the acoustic resonance characteristics caused by the side branch pipe with different square cross-sections are simulated at the inlet boundary conditions of 25 m/s, 30 m/s and 35 m/s. The results show that in the center axis of the side branch, a 1/4 wavelength standing wave was formed, and the acoustic resonance occurs at a higher Strouhal number in circular branch. The cross-section shape of the side branch does not affect the acoustic resonance frequency, but it has a certain influence on the amplitude of pressure fluctuation and has a significant influence on the high-order frequency components.
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Botros, K. K., C. Edwards, B. Watson, and T. Thrall. "Effects of Pipeline Elevation Changes on Optimum Expelling Procedures for Gas Pipelines." In 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2016-64012.

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Expeller performance has been evaluated in terms of the capability to create suction pressure at the throat. This formulation has been used to assess the effectiveness of evacuating combustible gases from an isolated, depressurized, pipeline section involving mainline block valves up to two times normal spacing with an intermediate vent stack. Additionally, the effects of elevation changes that promote buoyancy driven flows are accounted for in time as the interface between air and gas travels along the pipeline section during expelling. Two expelling strategies were introduced and assessed. These are simultaneous expelling, in which gas is expelled from the pipeline section from both ends, and sequential expelling, in which an intermediate vent stack is used to expel gas from the upstream and downstream segments. The effects of elevation changes and the location of the intermediate vent stack determine the best strategy for expelling so as to maximize the purge velocity in the section of a pipeline to be purged, while maintaining the mean flow velocity in the pipe above the minimum purge velocity to prevent air-gas stratification. It was found that for a ‘Flat-’ or a ‘Cusp-type’ elevation profile it is advantageous to follow a sequential expelling procedure using one expeller at the intermediate vent stack location. In the case of a ‘Vee-type’ elevation profile, a simultaneous expelling procedure is a better option in terms of expelling time, at the cost of needing to deploy two expellers to different sites quite far apart. Air ingress location depends on the expelling strategy and elevation profile.
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Shlyk, Yu K., Yu A. Vedernikova, and S. Yu Bondarenko. "Electrodynamic modeling of a pipeline linear section with leakage." In THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHYSICAL INSTRUMENTATION AND ADVANCED MATERIALS 2019. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0032338.

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Kemp, David, Justin Gossard, Shane Finneran, and Joseph Bratton. "Evaluating Pipeline Ovality Acceptability Criteria for Straight Pipe Sections." In 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2016-64685.

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Pipe ovalization, a deviation from the circular nominal cross section, is a common occurrence during the manufacturing of pipe sections. Additionally, ovalization can also occur in pipelines during and after installation and construction. CSA Z662-11 [1] provides an acceptance criteria of 5% for pipeline ovality in bends, however there is a variation in acceptance criteria for pipe ovality occurring in straight pipe sections. An industry review of pipeline design, operation, and maintenance codes was conducted to determine the industry acceptance for ovality limits in straight pipe sections. Based upon this industry review, the ovality limits were evaluated against constructability limits, limitations for passage of in-line-inspection (ILI) tools, as well as evaluating the stress in an ovalized pipe section compared to the maximum allowable stress of the pipe. During this review, it was revealed that allowable stress was the limiting factor for pipeline ovality, compared to constructability and ILI tool passage, thus this paper primarily discusses limitations related to remaining strength for ovalized pipe sections. The API 579 Fitness-for-Service assessment was used to evaluate varying levels of ovality to determine acceptability criteria for ovalization in straight pipe. The criteria was first established using a level 2 Fitness-for-Service assessment, which was then evaluated with a level 3 assessment using finite element analysis. This criterion was evaluated using multiple pipeline diameters and wall thickness in order to determine scalability.
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Sumikura, Yuya. "High Pressure Gas Pipeline Installation Inside a Long Length and Small Cross-Section Mountain Tunnel." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90196.

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The gas pipeline called “Mie-Shiga Pipeline” (60km total length, 610mm diameter, 7MPa maximum pressure, grade L450 (X65)) is under joint construction between Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc. and Osaka Gas Co., Ltd. This pipeline is planned to start supplying gas in 2014. Since the main part of our construction area is in a mountainous area called Suzuka Mountains, the mountain tunneling method is adopted in part of the mountainous area (about 7.5km in length) for gas pipeline installation to shorten the construction period. This paper discusses the design concept and the highly efficient technique for installing pipeline inside a long length and small cross-section mountain tunnel, as well as the application of an internal watertight wall, which is a task specific to the mountain tunnel.
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Ravet, Fabien, Christian Silva, Rodolfo Gil, Simon Maguire, and Etienne Rochat. "Sand Dune Migration Monitoring for Pipeline Hazard Risk Mitigation: The Peru LNG Coastal Section Case." In 2020 13th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2020-9247.

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Abstract Pipelines often cross challenging terrains where natural hazards are the main risk for their integrity. Environmental conditions can also worsen over the infrastructure lifetime. To reduce the risk of disasters, integrity programs are developed implementing tools for early detection of threats that can lead to a failure with dramatic social, environmental and economic consequences. Fiber optic (FO) monitoring solutions have been widely used and implemented as one of the most efficient prevention tools of these programs. These solutions include geotechnical monitoring, third party intrusion detection and eventually small or pinhole like leak detection. FO based geotechnical monitoring has been successfully operated along the Sierra section of the Peru LNG pipeline since 2010, detecting minor landslides and erosion events. It has also been implemented along other hydrocarbon transport systems to allow the early detection of such events. However, these natural hazards are not the only ones threatening the pipeline. In fact, the coastal section experiences other phenomenon such as sand dune migration and eolian erosion that put the pipeline at risk. Recently, the FO monitoring was extended to the coastal region using the existing communication fiber optic cable to sense temperature changes. Very localized events are thermally detected, their spatial and temporal signature analyzed. The comparison of this data with thermal models identified sections that are close to be exposed or whose soil cover is less than 50cm over a spatial extension that does not exceed a couple of meters. Depth of cover of 10 to 30cm is estimated from such analysis. These results are confirmed by past and ongoing site inspections. Such positive results again illustrate the potential value of fiber optic sensing to mitigate geohazard risks. It not only enhances the efficiency of the integrity program detecting and localizing threats, it also improves and rationalizes the maintenance activities as focused surveys can be conducted.
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Reports on the topic "Section of the pipeline"

1

Page, J. S., R. B. Wyrwas, and G. A. Cooke. Final Report For The Erosion And Corrosion Analysis Of Waste Transfer Primary Pipeline Sections From 241-SY Tank Farm. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1053815.

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Clark, Ted, and Bruce Nestleroth. GAS PIPELINE PIGABILITY. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/826134.

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Skone, Timothy J. CO2 Pipeline Construction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1509261.

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Skone, Timothy J. CO2 Pipeline Operation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1509262.

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Skone, Timothy J. Petroleum, Pipeline, Transport. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1509317.

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Skone, Timothy J. Pipeline NG Operation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1509318.

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Skone, Timothy J. CO2 Pipeline Pigging. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1509342.

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Skone, Timothy J. Transmission Pipeline Fugitives. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1559823.

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Skone, Timothy J. Transmission Pipeline Venting. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1559824.

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Etter, Delores M., and Lindsey G. Groark. STEM Workforce Pipeline. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada586547.

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