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Hirai, Takayuki, Toru Kawai, Yoshiki Takagi, Osamu Shimizu, Yoshihisa Suda, Yoshinori Kanno, Kiyoshi Kuribayashi, and Tsuyosi Hayashi. "Diamond particles synthesized with graphite spark method in two seconds." Superlattices and Microstructures 40, no. 4-6 (October 2006): 526–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2006.09.027.
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Juniana, Paula, and Lukman Hakim. "TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL USING FUZZY LOGIC MAMDANI METHOD." Jurnal Terapan Teknologi Informasi 3, no. 1 (June 27, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21460/jutei.2019.31.126.
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Traffic congestion is a common occurrence in Indonesia. Traffic congestion is increasing from year to year, causing many things to happen, such as longer travel time, increased transportation costs, serious disruptions to transporting products, decreasing levels of work productivity, and wasteful use of labor energy. Congestion is also caused by a traffic light control system that is made with a fixed time so it can not detect the density of certain paths. Traffic lights in Indonesia, frequent damage that makes the density and the flow of his road vehicles can not be controlled. From these problems, conducted research to reduce the density of vehicles using infrared sensors and see the waiting time of the vehicle when the red light. The traffic light control system will use Fuzzy Logic Mamdani method. In Mamdani method by applying fuzzy into each variable and will be done matching between rule with condition which fulfilled to determine contents of output to be executed by prototype. This congestion detection will help the system in controlling the green light time by looking at stable, medium, and traffic jams. When the bottleneck starts to detect, the prototype will add a green light time according to the condition that is 0 seconds, 5 seconds, 10 seconds, and 15 seconds. However, when the streets are not detected by traffic jams, the green light will be back to normal at 15 seconds without additional time
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Juniana, Paula, and Lukman Hakim. "TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL USING FUZZY LOGIC MAMDANI METHOD." Jurnal Terapan Teknologi Informasi 3, no. 1 (June 27, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21460/jutei.v3i1.126.
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Traffic congestion is a common occurrence in Indonesia. Traffic congestion is increasing from year to year, causing many things to happen, such as longer travel time, increased transportation costs, serious disruptions to transporting products, decreasing levels of work productivity, and wasteful use of labor energy. Congestion is also caused by a traffic light control system that is made with a fixed time so it can not detect the density of certain paths. Traffic lights in Indonesia, frequent damage that makes the density and the flow of his road vehicles can not be controlled. From these problems, conducted research to reduce the density of vehicles using infrared sensors and see the waiting time of the vehicle when the red light. The traffic light control system will use Fuzzy Logic Mamdani method. In Mamdani method by applying fuzzy into each variable and will be done matching between rule with condition which fulfilled to determine contents of output to be executed by prototype. This congestion detection will help the system in controlling the green light time by looking at stable, medium, and traffic jams. When the bottleneck starts to detect, the prototype will add a green light time according to the condition that is 0 seconds, 5 seconds, 10 seconds, and 15 seconds. However, when the streets are not detected by traffic jams, the green light will be back to normal at 15 seconds without additional time
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Mazzei, Francesco Giuseppe, Luca Volterrani, Susanna Guerrini, Nevada Cioffi Squitieri, Eleonora Sani, Gloria Bettini, Chiara Pozzessere, and Maria Antonietta Mazzei. "Reduced Time CT Perfusion Acquisitions Are Sufficient to Measure the Permeability Surface Area Product with a Deconvolution Method." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/573268.
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Objective. To reduce the radiation dose, reduced time CT perfusion (CTp) acquisitions are tested to measure permeability surface (PS) with a deconvolution method. Methods and Materials. PS was calculated with repeated measurements (n=305) while truncating the time density curve (TDC) at different time values in 14 CTp studies using CTp 4D software (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, US). The median acquisition time of CTp studies was 59.35 sec (range 49–92 seconds). To verify the accuracy of the deconvolution algorithm, a variation of the truncated PS within the error measurements was searched, that is, within 3 standard deviations from the mean nominal error provided by the software. The test was also performed for all the remaining CTp parameters measured. Results. PS maximum variability happened within 25 seconds. The PS became constant after 40 seconds for the majority of the active tumors (10/11), while for necrotic tissues it was consistent within 1% after 50 seconds. A consistent result lasted for all the observed CTp parameters, as expected from their analytical dependance. Conclusion. 40-second acquisition time could be an optimal compromise to obtain an accurate measurement of the PS and a reasonable dose exposure with a deconvolution method.
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Tavares, Lucas do Nascimento, Karla Zancope, Frederick Khalil Karam, Wilson Mestriner Júnior, and Flávio Domingues das Neves. "Influence of dentistry procedures on masticatory function of dentate patients." Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences 15, no. 3 (August 11, 2017): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v15i3.8649603.
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Aim: Evaluate the masticatory performance in patients with different clinical situations: patients with natural dentition without restorative and/or orthodontic intervention (Group CG) and patients with restorations and/or orthodontic intervention (Group TG). Subjects received instruction before the experiment, related to masticatory movements. Methods: Three capsules containing the granules were delivered separately to chew for 20 seconds each, controlled by the examiner. One capsule was chewed for 20 seconds only on the left side; the second capsule was chewed for 20 seconds only on the right side; and the third capsule was chewed for 20 seconds to simulate each patient’s mastication. The mean data and standard deviation of masticatory function of each patient was calculated. Results: The results obtained in this study showed that there were no statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) between both tested groups (0.0320 ± 0.00716, 0.0436 ± 0.00974). Conclusions: Patients who were submitted to orthodontic and/or restorative procedures, with balanced occlusion could be used as a control group, making easier the patient recruitment. Clinicians and researchers on masticatory performance evaluation could apply the colorimetric method. The colorimetric method was a standardize method, effective and easy to execute.
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Ginola, Ali Basrah Pulungan, Wawan Purwanto, and Ichwan Yelfianhar. "Simulation of Brushless DC Motor Speed Control with Fuzzy Logic Method." Jurnal Inotera 5, no. 2 (October 9, 2020): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31572/inotera.vol5.iss2.2020.id125.
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Brushless DC Motor is used frequently in industrial applications, because this type of motor has high efficiency and does not cause sparks. However, the speed control of this motor generally has a slow response to the set point and the speed is not constant when given different loads. Therefore, it is essential to design sophisticated speed control system for this motor to improve the constant speed and speed response. In this paper, fuzzy logic method for speed control system is used to give the decision of how much voltage will be added to the motor to get to the desired speed set point value, and how much voltage will be reduced if the speed of the motor passes through the speed set point. brushless dc motor speed is set with input voltage to the motor taking into account speed error and delta speed error using Fuzzy Logic, so that when the speed of the motor almost reaches the set point the input voltage to the motor is reduced so as not to overshoot until the speed of the motor reaches the set point. The results of this study gave a better response than not using fuzzy logic methods. Where at set point 270 gets response time to set point (Tr) faster 0.0002 seconds from 0.0046 seconds to 0.0044, the time to steady state (Ts) is faster 0.025 seconds from 0.04 seconds to 0.015 seconds, the maximum pass percentage (Mp) is reduced from 75% to 20%, and error speed from 1.5% to 0%. And for a trial load at t=0.025 seconds in set point 270 with a load of 4Nm responds to the set point back for 0.014 seconds.
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Aryanto, Christ Billy. "DO YOU REMEMBER THE WORDS? DUAL-CODING METHOD ON LONG-TERM MEMORY." Jurnal Psikologi 19, no. 4 (September 19, 2020): 314–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jp.19.4.314-322.
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For students, long-term memory is required for individuals to study at various levels of education. An effective method is needed to help student to remember. This study aims to determine the dual-coding method on long-term memory in two levels of education: primary school and university. The first study was conducted on 60 primary school students and the second study was conducted on 81 university students, each divided into experimental group and control group. The two groups were shown 10 concrete nouns with the experimental group displayed along with the picture and only the word for the control group. Each word was displayed for 3 seconds. The results showed that the experimental group remembered more words in the first study, t(58) = 4.386, p < .05; and the control group remembered more words in the second study, t(79) = -3.036, p < .05. Therefore, the dual-coding method affects the long-term memory of primary school students but not on university students.
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Prihantini, Albert Hosea Santoso, and Hanifa Reygina Fajrin. "Application of Webster's Method to Optimizing Traffic Lights at the Intersection of Bantul - Nasional III Street, Yogyakarta." Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering 3 (April 30, 2020): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/icse.v3.526.
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Indonesia is a developing country with the fourth largest population in the world. Population in one of the provinces in Indonesia, namely Yogyakarta Special Region. Based on data from the Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), the Special Region of Yogyakarta reached 3.8 million people in 2018. Of this number, almost one third (1.2 million people) are residents of Sleman. While the region with the next largest population is Bantul with 1 million inhabitants. Increasing population causes the need to move and other needs, as well as activities in the education, office and trade sectors also increase. This increase will also affect transportation by increasing the number of vehicles, but this increase is not in line with the existing traffic light updates. As a result, the capacity of the street section has decreased and caused congestion, for example at the APILL intersection on Bantul-Nasional III Street, Yogyakarta. This shows that the existing traffic light settings are not optimal. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the duration of the traffic lights to minimize congestion. This research was conducted to analyze the traffic light system at the APILL intersection on Bantul-Nasional III Street, Yogyakarta using the Webster method. The results of calculations using this method obtained results for the Bantul Street (north), the duration of the green light 30 seconds, yellow 3 seconds and red 28 seconds. For Nasional III Street (East), the duration of the green light is 24 seconds, yellow is 3 seconds and red is 34 seconds. For Bantul Street (south), the duration of the green light is 30 seconds, yellow is 3 seconds and red is 28 seconds. For Nasional III Street (West), the duration of the green light is 24 seconds, yellow is 3 seconds and red is 34 seconds. These results look more optimal than those on the field today.
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Wang, Chengwei, Weiwei Ping, Qiang Bai, Huachen Cui, Ryan Hensleigh, Ruiliu Wang, Alexandra H. Brozena, et al. "A general method to synthesize and sinter bulk ceramics in seconds." Science 368, no. 6490 (April 30, 2020): 521–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz7681.
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Ceramics are an important class of materials with widespread applications because of their high thermal, mechanical, and chemical stability. Computational predictions based on first principles methods can be a valuable tool in accelerating materials discovery to develop improved ceramics. It is essential to experimentally confirm the material properties of such predictions. However, materials screening rates are limited by the long processing times and the poor compositional control from volatile element loss in conventional ceramic sintering techniques. To overcome these limitations, we developed an ultrafast high-temperature sintering (UHS) process for the fabrication of ceramic materials by radiative heating under an inert atmosphere. We provide several examples of the UHS process to demonstrate its potential utility and applications, including advancements in solid-state electrolytes, multicomponent structures, and high-throughput materials screening.
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Pournasrollah, Alireza, Ramin Negahdari, Vahedeh Gharekhani, Ali Torab, and Soheil Jannati Ataei. "Investigating the effect of abutment–implant connection type on abutment screw loosening in a dental implant system using finite element method." Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects 13, no. 4 (December 23, 2019): 289–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/joddd.2019.044.
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Background. The most common problem associated with dental implants is the abutment screw loosening. This research aimed to investigate the effect of the type of connection on screw loosening, using a finite element method (FEM). Methods. Periosave system and different types of the implant–abutment connection were used for modeling. After being measured, CAD files were modeled using CATIA software and imported to the ANSYS analysis software, and the model was loaded. Results. A force of 100 N was applied at 0.1 second, and no force was applied at 0.42 second. The screw head deformation at 0.1 and 0.42 seconds was 8 and 3.8 μm, and 7.6 and 2.8 μm at morse taper and octagon dental implant connections, respectively. The displacement rate of the internal surface of the abutment at 0.1 and 0.42 seconds was 10.7 and 8.4 μm, and 5.7 and 5.6 µm in the octagon and morse taper dental implant connections, respectively. The displacement of the implant suprastructure–abutment interface from the screw head at 0.1 and 0.42 seconds was 9 and 7 μm, and 7 and 6 μm in the morse taper and octagon dental implant connections, respectively. At intervals of 0 to 0.1 seconds and 0.6 to 0.8 seconds, the octagon connection was separated at the maximum screw head displacement and the internal part of the abutment, but the morse taper connection did not exhibit any separation. In the above time intervals, the results were similar to the maximum state in case of the minimum displacement of the screw head and the internal part of the abutment. Conclusion. Screw loosening is less likely to occur in the morse hex connection compared to the octagon connection due to the lack of separation of the screw from the internal surface of the abutment.
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Kretschmer, Jörn, Aakash Patel, Paul D. Docherty, Bernhard Laufer, and Knut Möller. "Model based prediction of plateau pressure in mechanically ventilated patients." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 3, no. 2 (September 7, 2017): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2017-0062.
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AbstractThe risk of ventilator induced lung injury in mechanically ventilated (MV) critically ill patients can be mitigated by patient-specific optimisation of ventilator settings. Recent studies have shown that driving pressure, i.e. the difference between plateau pressure (Pplat) and PEEP, is a strong indicator for survival in MV patients suffering from ARDS. However, to measure Pplat, an extended end-inspiratory pause (EIP) has to be applied, possibly interrupting ventilation therapy. This study presents a method for predicting Pplat from normal breaths in MV patients.A total of 859 MV breaths with a 5 second EIP were recorded in 27 MV patients with ARDS. Two methods for determining Pplat were tested, one using an exponential fit of the pressure data and the other using a four-parameter viscoelastic model (VEM). Each method was identified using various lengths of data after the peak inspiratory pressure (PIP). Using the identified parameters, both methods were then used to predict the Pplat recorded at 5 seconds.The exponential method showed a median coefficient of variation (CV) from the real Pplat of 42.9% using data from PIP to 0.5 seconds after PIP, 24.9% using 1 second of data and 15.2% using 1.5 seconds of data. The respective VEM prediction median CVs were of 17.2%, 9.7% and 8.4%. Therefore, the VEM showed a better prediction than the non-physiological exponential model, allowing it to be used to reduce the clinical burden of determining Pplat by reducing the required length of the EIP to 1.5 seconds.
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Siregar, Ikhsan. "Quality Engineering with Taguchi Loss Function Method and Improvement of Work Method in Anode Changing." MATEC Web of Conferences 296 (2019): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929602008.
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One of the companies engaged in aluminum smelting product ion has problems, namely the occurrence of high variations in the removal of new anodes to the old anodes which are influenced by the operator's working method because of unnecessary movements and movements beyond the Anode Changing mechanism set by the company has become a habit of the operator itself, so the time needed to replace the anode is getting longer. This problem causes the company to suffer losses due t o the product ion process that runs not in accordance with established procedures. So, the company needs to calculate the losses incurred due to variations in anode replacement and see how the operator's working method when changing the anode that causes these variations and also has an influence on the anode replacement cycle time. The method used for this problem is Taguchi Loss Function which is used to calculate the losses suffered by the company and improve work methods using the Modular Arrangement of Predermined Time Standards (MODAPTS) method to calculate the processing time. The results obtained using this method are losses experienced by the company in Block 1 amounting to Rp 19,733,263, while the total losses in Block 2 amount to Rp 35,919,435. While for the operator's working method, the operator's work movements are analyzed which are not in accordance with the economic principles of the movement . Comparison of the standard time of actual and proposed work methods is 774.847 seconds and 648.2 seconds with a time difference of 126,647 seconds faster and there are no movements that should not be done so that the operator can use the time to adjust the anode height as well as possible according to the standards determined by the company.
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Turner, Claire, Stuart M. Williams, Colin H. Burton, John W. Farrent, and Philip J. Wilkinson. "Laboratory scale inactivation of pig viruses in pig slurry and design of a pilot plant for thermal inactivation." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 4-5 (August 1, 1998): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0587.
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African swine fever (ASF) and swine vesicular disease (SVD) are virus diseases that threaten the pig populations in Europe. This paper examines the effectiveness of two methods used to inactivate these two viruses in pig slurry, and then describes the design of a pilot plant which makes use of one inactivation method. The first method is the addition of alkali, specifically NaOH or Ca(OH)2 at various concentrations. ASF virus (ASFV) required 1% of either NaOH or Ca(OH)2 for inactivation; SVD virus (SVDV) required 1.5% NaOH or Ca(OH)2 for similar inactivation. The second method was the application of heat. ASFV was inactivated to below detectable levels at 56°C within 90 seconds, whereas SVDV required 60°C for inactivation within 90 seconds. Heat was identified as the most suitable method, and a pilot plant was designed and assembled for the inactivation of viruses in pig slurry at a rate of up to 100 litres per hour.
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Adiba, Fhatiah, Nurul Mukhlisah Abdal, and Andi Akram Nur Risal. "Diagnosa Penyakit Kulit Menggunakan Case Based-Reasoning dan Self Organizing Maps." Indonesian Journal of Fundamental Sciences 6, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/ijfs.v6i1.13967.
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This study aims to compare the results of the accuracy and speed of the system in diagnosing skin diseases using the case based reasoning (CBR) method with the indexing method and without using indexing. Self-organizing maps (SOM) are used as an indexing method and the process of finding similarity values uses the nearest neighbor method. Testing is done with two scenarios. The first scenario uses CBR without indexing self-organizing maps, the second scenario uses CBR with indexing self-organizing maps. The accuracy of the diagnosis of skin diseases at a threshold ≥80 for CBR without indexing self-organizing maps is 93.46% with an average retrieve time of 0.469 seconds while CBR testing using SOM indexing is 92.52% with an average retrieve time of 0.155 seconds. The results of comparison of CBR methods without using show higher results than using SOM indexing, but the process of retrieving CBR using SOM is faster than not using indexing
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Simon, Andrade, Desmulliez, Riehle, and Bernassau. "Numerical Determination of the Secondary Acoustic Radiation Force on a Small Sphere in a Plane Standing Wave Field." Micromachines 10, no. 7 (June 29, 2019): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10070431.
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Two numerical methods based on the Finite Element Method are presented for calculating the secondary acoustic radiation force between interacting spherical particles. The first model only considers the acoustic waves scattering off a single particle, while the second model includes re-scattering effects between the two interacting spheres. The 2D axisymmetric simplified model combines the Gor’kov potential approach with acoustic simulations to find the interacting forces between two small compressible spheres in an inviscid fluid. The second model is based on 3D simulations of the acoustic field and uses the tensor integral method for direct calculation of the force. The results obtained by both models are compared with analytical equations, showing good agreement between them. The 2D and 3D models take, respectively, seconds and tens of seconds to achieve a convergence error of less than 1%. In comparison with previous models, the numerical methods presented herein can be easily implemented in commercial Finite Element software packages, where surface integrals are available, making it a suitable tool for investigating interparticle forces in acoustic manipulation devices.
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Matovic, Ivan, Nevenka Teodorovic, and Marina Marjanovic. "Evaluation of root canal obturation using gas permeability method." Serbian Dental Journal 60, no. 2 (2013): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sgs1302063m.
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Introduction. Prognosis of root canal treatment is highly dependent on the quality of endodontic space obturation. The main task of successful root canal treatment is to achieve adequate reparation processes in the apical periodontium. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of root canal obturation using the method of gas (argon) penetration through three different endodontic materials. Material and Methods. Thirty recently extracted human single-rooted teeth after root canal instrumentation were divided into three identical groups and obturated with three different endodontic materials: group I - GuttaFlow (RSA, Germany), group II - AH Plus (DeTray, Germany), group III - Acroseal (Septodont, France). The quality of root canal obturation was evaluated using the method of gas permeability. Results. The best results were obtained with GuttaFlow. The average penetration rate of argon was 186.7 seconds. Slightly higher gas porosity had AH Plus, 179.9 seconds, while the highest gas permeability was observed after the application of Acroseal, 178.5 seconds. However, there was no statistically significant difference in gas penetration among these endodontic materials (p>0.05). Conclusion. All three endodontic materials showed gas permeability in a given time interval. The best quality of obturation was achieved with GuttaFlow, while the lowest quality was obtained with Acroseal.
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Aviantika, Risma Dara Awal, Kustanto Kustanto, and Muhammad Hasbi. "Pencarian Data Barang Produk Atribut Sekolah Menggunakan Algoritma Binary Search." Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIKomSiN) 9, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.30646/tikomsin.v9i1.546.
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ABSTRACTTechnology and information that is growing and sophisticated must be balanced according to the needs. For it was made the application of binary algorithms for the search data goods production of school attributes. Many methods in search with the goal of making it easier to search, e.g. search data of production items of school attributes with binary search method. Convection in the search of production goods using the manual way by looking for the archive data written in the notebook, the purpose of this research is to create a data retrieval system of goods that will be applied as a data retrieval tool of goods, as well as change the system manual to the computing system. In this research using Binary Search algorithm. Binary search algorithm is a technique applied only on the sorted element (sorted). This research using method of binary search algorithm with analysis stage, system design, coding/construction, testing, and implementation. In the analysis stage, the collection of data conducted is observation and literature study. At the system design stage using Unified Modelling Language (UML) include the use case diagram, activity diagram, Sequence diagram, and Diagram class. At the construction stage using the Java programming language using Netbeans and MySQL Server tools while the implementation of this system is the application of data retrieval of goods. To know the eligibility of a system, it is necessary to test against the search time of 210 data each time duration, 0.0004 seconds, 0.0005 seconds, 0.0006 seconds, 0.0007 seconds, 0.0008 seconds, 0.0009 seconds, 0.0010 seconds, 0.0012 seconds, 0.0014 seconds, 0.00117 seconds. The final result of this study is the application of search for production goods with Binary Search Algorithm Method.
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Alpöz, A. Rıza, Fahinur Ertuḡrul, Dilsah Cogulu, Aslı Topaloḡlu Ak, Metin Tanoḡlu, and Elçin Kaya. "Effects of Light Curing Method and Exposure Time on Mechanical Properties of Resin Based Dental Materials." European Journal of Dentistry 02, no. 01 (January 2008): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1697351.
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ABSTRACTObjectives: The aim of this study was to investigate microhardness and compressive strength of composite resin (Tetric-Ceram, Ivoclar Vivadent), compomer (Compoglass, Ivoclar, Vivadent), and resin modified glass ionomer cement (Fuji II LC, GC Corp) polymerized using halogen light (Optilux 501, Demetron, Kerr) and LED (Bluephase C5, Ivoclar Vivadent) for different curing times.Methods: Samples were placed in disc shaped plastic molds with uniform size of 5 mm diameter and 2 mm in thickness for surface microhardness test and placed in a diameter of 4 mm and a length of 2 mm teflon cylinders for compressive strength test. For each subgroup, 20 samples for microhardness (n=180) and 5 samples for compressive strength were prepared (n=45). In group 1, samples were polymerized using halogen light source for 40 seconds; in group 2 and 3 samples were polymerized using LED light source for 20 seconds and 40 seconds respectively. All data were analyzed by two way analysis of ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc tests.Results: Same exposure time of 40 seconds with a low intensity LED was found similar or more efficient than a high intensity halogen light unit (P>.05), however application of LED for 20 seconds was found less efficient than 40 seconds curing time (P=.03).Conclusions: It is important to increase the light curing time and use appropriate light curing devices to polymerize resin composite in deep cavities to maximize the hardness and compressive strength of restorative materials. (Eur J Dent 2008;2:37-42)
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Zatloukal, Jakub, Sarah Ward, Linzy Houchen-Wolloff, Theresa Harvey-Dunstan, and Sally Singh. "The minimal important difference for the endurance shuttle walk test in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease following a course of pulmonary rehabilitation." Chronic Respiratory Disease 16 (January 1, 2019): 147997311985382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1479973119853828.
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The endurance shuttle walk test (ESWT) is frequently used as an outcome measure for pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). The minimal important difference (MID) for the ESWT after a course of rehabilitation has not been conclusively confirmed in the literature. The aim was to establish the MID for the ESWT following the 6-week PR programme in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Following the completion of the 6-week PR programme, data from 531 participants were included in the analysis to estimate the MID for the ESWT using both anchor-based and distribution-based methods. Mean age (standard deviation (SD)) was 69.4 (9.1) years, 303 male, FEV1/FVC 0.51 (0.16). The baseline incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) was 217.7 (SD 139.8) metres and ESWT 195.8 (SD 118.8) seconds, which increased to 279.6 (SD 149.5) metres and 537.4 (SD 378.3) seconds, respectively, following PR. The mean change was 61.8 (95% confidence interval (CI) 56.0–67.5) metres for the ISWT and 342.0 (95% CI 312.4–371.6) seconds for the ESWT. The distribution method (0.5 × SD) yielded an MID of 173.7 seconds, the global rating of change scale method yielded a value of 279.2 (95% CI 244.9–313.5) seconds for those rating themselves as ‘slightly improved’ and the ROC method 207 seconds. There was no agreement between the approaches employed. However, we propose that the MID for the ESWT in COPD following a 6-week PR programme is between 174 and 279 seconds.
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Toygar, Ismail, Ilgin Yildirim Simsir, and Sevki Cetinkalp. "Evaluation of three different techniques for measuring wound area in diabetic foot ulcers: a reproducibility study." Journal of Wound Care 29, no. 9 (September 2, 2020): 518–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2020.29.9.518.
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Objective: Wound surface area can be measured with several assessment tools, including a manual planimetric method, ImageJ software and three-dimensional wound measurement (3DWM) methods. This study aimed to determine the advantages of each method as well as the concordance between them. Method: This reproducibility study included adult patient volunteers with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Wounds with ambiguous borders were excluded. All included wounds were sequentially assessed with each of the three measurement methods, and the time for each measurement was recorded with a chronometer. SPSS and MedCalc package software were used for all statistical analyses. Results: A total of 20 patients with 20 DFUs took part in the study. According to the measurement method, the average wound area was 6.41cm2 by the manual planimetric method, 6.53cm2 by ImageJ and 6.32cm2 by 3DWM. Correlation analyses revealed correlation coefficients of 0.997 between the manual planimetric method and ImageJ, 0.929 between the manual planimetric method and 3DWM, and 0.929 between ImageJ and 3DWM. Bland–Altman analysis was used to determine whether these three measurement methods could be used interchangeably. There was no significant difference between the three measurement methods and, therefore, it was concluded that they could be used interchangeably. Wound area measurement times were 173.35±19.38 seconds by the manual planimetric method, 61.60±9.21 seconds by ImageJ and 36.90±6.91 seconds by the 3DWM method. Conclusion: The three measurement methods studied can be used interchangeably, as each method is highly concordant with the other two. The fastest method was 3DWM and the manual planimetric method was the slowest.
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Liu, Ming Yi, Jing Juan Zhang, Xue Yun Wang, and Ran Li. "A New Method for Platform Inertial Navigation Initial Alignment Based on Rotation Mode." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 1344–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.1344.
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A new method for rotation mode platform inertial navigation initial alignment is presented. This method is based on sinusoidal varying speed rotation mode and thus makes the factors decoupling in real time. In this way it makes the estimation process much faster and more precise compared with previous methods. The error equations of a rotating platform inertial navigation system are introduced. We give detailed description and analysis of this method. Simulation is done based on this new method. Analysis and simulation results indicate that this method makes the platform system initial alignment achieved desired results in 207.5 seconds, while the traditional methods takes 388.1 seconds. The accuracy also has highly improved. The standard deviation of gyroscope drift decreased from 0.03°/h to 0.005°/h. This provides a theoretical foundation for platform inertial navigation system rotating mode during actual experiment and application.
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Sager, E. M., S. D. Fosså, O. Kaalhus, and K. Talle. "Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography in Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder." Acta Radiologica 28, no. 1 (January 1987): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418518702800114.
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Computed tomography (CT) scans of the urinary bladder were taken before and in combination with intravenous contrast medium injection in 30 patients with invasive bladder carcinoma. Three different ways of injecting the same amount of intravenous contrast material were used in three groups, each consisting of ten patients. In the first group the contrast medium was given during 90 seconds, in the second group during 40 seconds and in the third one, the first half during 20 seconds and the second half during 90 seconds. The attenuation in the tumors and in the bladder wall was measured in Hounsfield units. Independent of injection method, all tumors showed significantly higher contrast enhancement than the bladder wall when the injection was terminated. The difference in contrast enhancement was greatest in the group where the shortest injection time was used and greatest immediately after the conclusion of the injection. The difference in contrast enhancement between tumor and bladder wall was visible on the monitor in all cases.
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Paelke, Gretchen M. "A Comparison of Route Guidance Destination Entry Methods." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 37, no. 9 (October 1993): 569–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129303700911.
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This paper examined four touchscreen methods for entering a destination into a route guidance system. Three of the interfaces were character entry-based including: 1) A method using a sequence of two buttons for each alphanumeric entry (referred to as Doublepress), 2) A Qwerty keypad layout, and 3) A phone-based keypad where letters were entered using their corresponding number key. The fourth interface provided an alphabetic list through which a user scrolled to select a city or street name. Sixteen subjects used each of the interfaces to enter destinations in a laboratory study while “parked” and while driving a simulator. The entry methods were evaluated based on entry time, driving performance, errors, preferences and perceived difficulty. Overall address entry times were fastest for the Phonepad (43 seconds) and Qwerty (45 seconds) methods followed by the Scrolling list (56 seconds) and Doublepress (75 seconds) methods. Entry time was significantly affected by driver age. Driving performance (deviation of lane position) was significantly worse when entering a destination as compared to baseline driving. Participants rated the difficulty of destination entry only slightly higher than that of conventional driving tasks. There was no evident preference for a particular entry method.
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Wang, Zongjie, Xian Jin, Ru Dai, Jonathan F. Holzman, and Keekyoung Kim. "An ultrafast hydrogel photocrosslinking method for direct laser bioprinting." RSC Advances 6, no. 25 (2016): 21099–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra24910d.
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We developed an ultrafast photocrosslinking method using a low-cost blue laser diode. Cell-laden hydrogels can be crosslinked within 10 seconds with over 90% cell viability. A microtube was fabricated using the system for bioprinting applications.
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TAKECHI, Shoji. "Improvement of Oral Communication Skills by 30 Seconds Speech Method in Engineering Education." Journal of JSEE 60, no. 4 (2012): 4_103–4_108. http://dx.doi.org/10.4307/jsee.60.4_103.
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Song, Jin Dong, and Shan You Li. "An Improved Magnitude Estimation Method Using Combination of Predominant Period and Peak Amplitude for Earthquake Early Warning." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 2775–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.2775.
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The critical technology of Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) is determining the size of an earthquake and the predicted ground motion at given site, from the first few seconds of the P wave arrivals. Currently, there were two different approaches to the EEW magnitude estimation, the predominant period method and the peak amplitude method. However, both methods mentioned above had some disadvantages, such as significant uncertainty and saturation at great magnitude. To improve the results of magnitude estimation, a combined method using predominant period τc and peak amplitude of acceleration Pmax was introduced. Compared with the predominant period method and the peak amplitude method, the estimation standard deviation level of the combined method is 0.42 using NSMP strong motion data. The magnitude estimation results of the first three seconds P wave indicate that, the estimation precision of combined method is higher than those of the two methods, the predominant period method and the peak amplitude method, and the saturation at great magnitude is improved.
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Rahani, Faisal Fajri, and Tri Kuntoro Priyambodo. "Penalaan Mandiri Full State Feedback dengan LQR dan JST Pada Kendali Quadrotor." IJEIS (Indonesian Journal of Electronics and Instrumentation Systems) 9, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijeis.37212.
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Quadrotor is one type of unmanned aerial vehicle that has the ability to vertical takeoff and landing. In this research, a system designed to stabilize quadrotor during flight condition by maintaining at angle of roll, pitch, yaw, and x, y, and z axis position using LQR full state feedback with artificial neural network (ANN).The LQR full state feedback method uses 12 states with each K constant being tuned with ANN. This research implements ANN method to change feedback constant at angle of roll, pitch, and yaw and x, y, and z axis. The artificial neural network method uses 12 input layers, 12 hidden layers, and 1 output layer.Testing with ANN improved the rise time to ± 2.18 seconds at the roll angle, ± 1.23 seconds at the pitch angle, and ± 0.31 seconds at the yaw angle. Improved settling time value up to ± 2.41 seconds at roll angle, ± 1.23 seconds at pitch angle, and ± 1.07 seconds at yaw angle. Improved steady state eror value of ± 0.61% at roll angle, ± 4.88% at pitch angle, and ± 0.82% at the yaw angle.
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Parvathareddy, Krishna Malakondareddy, Jagadeesh Reddy Kolli, Srinivas Ravi, Praveen Nagula, Syed Imamuddin, and Venkata Arunavalli Chamarti. "A Cross-Sectional Study of Microcirculatory Transit Time as a Risk Stratification Method in Cardiac Syndrome X Conducted in a Tertiary Hospital at Hyderabad, Telangana." Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 8, no. 28 (July 12, 2021): 2509–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/464.
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BACKGROUND Cardiac syndrome X (CSX) is not benign, and it needs long-term follow up and risk factor modification. In this study, we wanted to calculate microcirculatory transit time on coronary angiography in patients with cardiac syndrome X (CSX), compare microcirculatory transit time in patients with and without CSX and to see whether microcirculatory transit time can be proposed as a risk stratification method in CSX. METHODS Cross sectional study of 52 patients. The angiogram was taken at 15 frames per second. The left coronary artery was injected with 7 ml of contrast approximately. Microcirculatory transit time (MCTT) was obtained offline. The microcirculatory transit time in seconds is calculated as last frame count minus first frame count/15. Microcirculatory transit time was compared and analysed in both groups. RESULTS A total of 52 subjects were analysed. There were 26 cases in the angina group with a mean age of 49.96 years and 26 cases in the control group with a mean age of 50.32 years. Dyslipidemia, smoking and statin use were more common in the angina group, which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The mean MCTT of the group with angina and positive treadmill test (TMT) was 6.76 seconds, whereas the negative TMT group was 6.39 seconds. The mean frame count was 58.1, and the mean MCTT was 3.8 seconds in the control group, whereas the mean frame count and mean MCTT were 98.1 and 6.5 seconds in the angina group, which was statistically significant (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS CSX patients had longer MCTT than patients without chest pain and normal coronary arteries. MCTT can be used to assess the risks of CSX. Long-term followup studies with a large sample size should be conducted. KEYWORDS Cardiac Syndrome X, Angina, Coronary Artery Disease, Microcirculation
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Garrote, R. L., R. A. Bertone, E. R. Silva, and A. Avalle. "Note. Comparison of Two Rapid Methods of Lipoxygenase Assay in Blanched Green Peas, Green Beans and Potatoes." Food Science and Technology International 7, no. 2 (April 2001): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108201320100700211.
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Two rapid methods, methylene blue bleaching (MBB) and potassium iodide-starch (KI-S), for lipoxygenase assay in blanched green peas, cut green beans and diced potatoes were evaluated and compared, using as a reference a quantitative spectrophotometric procedure for lipoxygenase (LPO) activity determination. Green peas (diameter - 10-II mm), cut green beans (diameter = 10 mm; length = 20 mm) and diced potatoes (cubes of 10 mm) were water blanched at 100 'C; heating times ranged between 10 and 40 seconds. For visual comparison of the methods, two times were registered: starting time, when the color began to change, and final time, when the color change fully developed. Both rapid visual methods (MBB and KI-S) showed good performance in detecting LPO in blanched vegetable samples. KI-S method was more sensitive than MBB procedure, with its detection limit between 0.70 and 1.80 LPO units/g, depending on the product. Additionally, FT was 180 seconds for KI-S method as compared to 600 seconds for MBB procedure, therefore, KI-S method is recommended as the best option for a rapid assay of LPO in the vegetables studied.
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Dwi Astuti, Wijayanti, Hiraku Matsukuma, Masaru Nakao, Kuangyi Li, Yuki Shimizu, and Wei Gao. "An Optical Frequency Domain Angle Measurement Method Based on Second Harmonic Generation." Sensors 21, no. 2 (January 19, 2021): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020670.
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This paper proposes a new optical angle measurement method in the optical frequency domain based on second harmonic generation with a mode-locked femtosecond laser source by making use of the unique characteristic of the high peak power and wide spectral range of the femtosecond laser pulses. To get a wide measurable range of angle measurement, a theoretical calculation for several nonlinear optical crystals is performed. As a result, LiNbO3 crystal is employed in the proposed method. In the experiment, the validity of the use of a parabolic mirror is also demonstrated, where the chromatic aberration of the focusing beam caused the localization of second harmonic generation in our previous research. Moreover, an experimental demonstration is also carried out for the proposed angle measurement method. The measurable range of 10,000 arc-seconds is achieved.
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Sorimachi, Takatoshi, Hiroshi Abe, Shigekazu Takeuchi, and Ryuichi Tanaka. "Ischemic depolarization monitoring: evaluation of protein synthesis in the hippocampal CA1 after brief unilateral ischemia in a gerbil model." Journal of Neurosurgery 97, no. 1 (July 2002): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2002.97.1.0104.
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Object. The authors investigate whether depolarization monitoring is an accurate index of ischemic damage in a gerbil model of unilateral ischemia and assess the effects of brief cerebral ischemia on protein synthesis in this model. Methods. The authors evaluate the relationship between the duration of ischemic depolarization caused by unilateral carotid artery occlusion and ischemia-induced neuronal damage in the CA1 subregion 7 days after ischemia. When the depolarization period exceeded 210 seconds, some neuronal damage was detected, and almost complete neuronal damage was observed when the period exceeded 400 seconds. Uptake of [14C]valine was evaluated in ischemic and nonischemic CA1 subregions. Disturbances in protein synthesis were seen in all animals subjected to sublethal ischemia (≤ 210-second depolarization) after a 10-minute recirculation, and after 2 and 6 hours of recirculation in animals with 90 seconds or more of depolarization. Inhibition of protein synthesis was proportional to the length of the depolarization period. After 1 and 3 days of recirculation, protein synthesis returned to near normal, and some animals with depolarizations greater than 180 to 210 seconds showed an increase in protein synthesis. Protein synthesis in all animals returned to normal levels after 7 days of recirculation. Conclusions. In this study the authors demonstrate that monitoring of ischemic depolarization is a useful method to predict neuronal damage in the hippocampal CA1 in this model, and they identify subtle changes in protein synthesis after brief ischemia. Sublethal ischemia was divided into three categories by its depolarization period (< 90 seconds, 90–180 seconds, and > 180–210 seconds) with regard to changes in protein synthesis.
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Naderi, N., K. Maw, M. Thomas, DE Boyce, and K. Shokrollahi. "A quick and effective method of limb preparation with health, safety and efficiency benefits." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 94, no. 2 (March 2012): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/003588412x13171221500420.
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INTRODUCTION Pre-operative limb preparation (PLP) usually involves lifting the limb and holding it in a fixed ‘static’ posture for several minutes. This is hazardous to theatre staff. Furthermore, ‘painting’ the limb can be time consuming and difficult areas such as between toes and fingers may remain unsterile. We demonstrate the time efficiency and asepsis achieved using the ‘sterile bag’ preparation technique. An additional advantage is the ability to prepare and anaesthetise a limb prior to theatre, increasing efficiency substantially for units with a large throughput of cases, such as day-case hand surgery lists. METHODS We monitored the duration of PLP in 20 patients using the ‘sterile bag’ technique compared to 20 patients using a conventional ‘painting’ method. Additionally, microbiology samples acquired from prepared upper limbs of 27 sequential patients operated on by a single surgeon over a two-month period were sent for culture immediately prior to commencement of surgery. RESULTS The mean duration of the ‘sterile bag’ PLP was significantly lower than that of the conventional method (24 seconds vs 85 seconds, p=0.045). The technique can take as little as ten seconds (n=1). Final microbiology reports showed no growth for any of the 27 patients from whom a culture sample was taken. CONCLUSIONS The sterile bag technique is effective in achieving asepsis, has the potential to increase theatre efficiency and reduces manual handling hazards compared to the conventional method. It is now taught to all theatre staff in our hospital during manual handling training. It can be undertaken in approximately ten seconds with practice for the upper limb.
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Abe, Andrea Tami, Carina Sincler Delfino, Kátia Martins Rode, and Miriam Lacalle Turbino. "Effect of the photoactivation method on composite resin cure." Clinical and Laboratorial Research in Dentistry 21, no. 3 (December 31, 2015): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2357-8041.clrd.2015.76207.
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For composite resins to obtain good properties, they must present a high degree of conversion and minimal polymerization contraction. To minimize this contraction, alternative photoactivation techniques have been suggested. The objective of this study was to compare the hardness of a photoactivated composite resin using the pulse-delay, soft start and continuous conventional technique, in thicknesses of 1, 2 and 3mm. The resin was activated with halogen light and the photoactivation time and intensity varied according to the technique. The samples were stored in an oven at 37ºC for one week and submitted to the Vickers microhardness test, on both the irradiated surface and the opposite surface. The results were submitted to ANOVA and the Tukey’s test with a level of significance of 5%. It was concluded that the hardness was higher with photoactivation of 40 seconds and for the techniques that had the same photoactivation time (20 seconds) there was no difference in terms of hardness. Therefore the hardness is not influenced by the technique, but rather, by the polymerization time.
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Ma, Yong Lin, Miao Cai, Qiang Han, and Wen Li He. "Numerical Simulation of Intermediate Frequency Induced Heating Steel Plate with Finite Element Method." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 1519–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.1519.
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The FEM simulation is used to study the intermediate frequency induced heating process. The temperature distributions and temperature differences are obtained by two kind frequencies of 500 and 1000Hz. It is found that, in this simulation condition, the length of uniform temperature region is about three times of the coil height. It is obvious that, no matter which frequency, the heating rate is very high. With the process of 1000Hz, in less than 20 seconds, the heating temperature can reach a reasonable temperature, and with a process of 500Hz, the temperature can reach a reasonable temperature in more than 40 seconds. It is recommended that the frequency between 500 to 1000Hz could be available for a practical use.
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Komori, Teruhisa. "The relaxation effect of prolonged expiratory breathing." Mental Illness 10, no. 1 (May 15, 2018): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mi.2018.7669.
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This study was performed to confirm that autonomic nervous activity is affected by breathing speed. I hypothesized that prolonged expiratory breathing would promote parasympathetic dominance, whereas rapid breathing would promote sympathetic dominance. Ten healthy men, ages 21-28 years old, were instructed to perform prolonged expiratory breathing (6 seconds expiration, 4 seconds inspiration) after spontaneous breathing and rapid breathing (1 second expiration, 1 second inspiration) after spontaneous breathing; changes in high frequency (HF) and low frequency (LF)/HF of heart rate variability (HRV) were measured during each type of breathing. During prolonged expiratory breathing, parasympathetic nervous function was significantly activated. Conversely, during rapid breathing, parasympathetic nervous function was significantly suppressed. The HRV method assessing sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation in this study is an indirect, noninvasive method with clear limitations. The use of additional techniques should be considered to clarify the relationships between the breathing speed and the mind.
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Zhang, Lihai, Peng Yin, Wei Zhang, Tongtong Li, Jiantao Li, Hua Chen, Qi Yao, and Peifu Tang. "An Effective and Feasible Method, “Hammering Technique,” for Percutaneous Fixation of Anterior Column Acetabular Fracture." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7151950.
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Objective. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and advantages of percutaneous fixation of anterior column acetabular fracture with “hammering technique.”Materials and Methods. We retrospectively reviewed 16 patients with percutaneous fixation of anterior column acetabular fracture with “hammering technique.” There were 11 males and 5 females with an average age of 38.88 years (range: 24–54 years) in our study. Our study included 7 nondisplaced fractures, 6 mild displaced fractures (<2 mm), and 5 displaced fractures (>2 mm). The mean time from injury to surgery was 4.5 days (range: 2–7 days).Results. The average of operation time was 27.56 minutes (range: 15–45 minutes), and the mean blood loss was 55.28 mL (range: 15–100 mL). The mean fluoroscopic time was 54.78 seconds (range: 40–77 seconds). The first pass of the guide wire was acceptable without cortical perforation or intra-articular perforation in 88.89% (16/18) of the procedures, and the second attempt was in 11.11% (2/18).Conclusion. Our study suggested that percutaneous fixation of anterior column acetabular fracture with “hammering technique” acquired satisfying surgical and clinical outcomes. It may be an alternative satisfying treatment for percutaneous fixation of anterior column acetabular fracture by 2D fluoroscopy using a C-arm with less fluoroscopic time.
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Curran-Sills, Gwynn, and Jeffrey M. Franc. "A pilot study examining the speed and accuracy of triage for simulated disaster patients in an emergency department setting: Comparison of a computerized version of Canadian Triage Acuity Scale (CTAS) and Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) methods." CJEM 19, no. 5 (October 28, 2016): 364–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2016.386.
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ABSTRACTObjectiveTo compare emergency department triage nurses’ time to triage and accuracy of a simulated mass casualty incident (MCI) population using a computerized version of CTAS or START systems.MethodsThis pilot study was a prospective trial using a convenience sample. A total of 20 ED triage nurses, 10 in each arm of the study, were recruited. The paper-based questionnaire contained nine simulated MCI vignettes. An expert panel arrived at consensuses on the wording of the vignettes and created a standard triage score from which to compare the study participants. Linear regression and chi-squared test were used to examine the time to triage and accuracy of triage, respectively.ResultsThe mean triage time for computerized CTAS (cCTAS) and START were 138 seconds/patient and 33 seconds/patient, respectively. The effect size due to triage method was 108 seconds/patient (95% CI 83-134 seconds/patient). The cumulative triage accuracy for the cCTAS and START tools were 70/90 (77.8%) and 65/90 (72.2%), respectively. The percent difference between cumulative triage was 6% (95% CI −19-8%).ConclusionsTriage nurses completed START triage 105 seconds/patient faster when compared to cCTAS triage and a similar level of accuracy between the two methods was achieved. However, when the typing time is taken into consideration cCTAS took 45 seconds/patient longer. The use of either CTAS or START in the ED during a MCI may be reasonable but choosing one method over another is not justified from this investigation.
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Barcellos, Daphne Camara, Schirlei De Carvalho Rocha, César Rogério Pucci, Clovis Pagani, and Dimas Renó de Lima. "CVD and diamond tips: can then influence the bond strength of a total-etch adhesive to dentin?" Brazilian Dental Science 19, no. 2 (July 7, 2016): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/bds.2016.v19i2.1249.
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Data (MPa) were analyzed by two-way ANOVA (Surface treatment X Etching time) and Tukey's test (5%). Results and conclusions: Surface treatment with CVD tips (27.70 ± 4.04a) produced significantly higher bond strength values compared to diamond tips (23.96 ± 5.83b), and 5 second etching time on dentin produced similar bond strength values when compared to 10 and 15 second etching times. Objectives: Evaluate the microtensile bond strength of a total-etch adhesive to dentin, using a CVD tip and a diamond tip to use in dentin preparation and varying the etching time. Material and method: The dentin from the buccal face of sixty bovine teeth was exposed and prepared using two different methods (n=30): Group 1 (DT) – a diamond tip on a high-speed handpiece; and Group 2 (CVD) – a CVD tip on an ultrasonic handpiece. Each group used 37% phosphoric acid and was divided into three subgroups, according to the etching time (n=10): Subgroup 5 - 5 seconds; Subgroup 10 - 10 seconds; and Subgroup 15 - 15 seconds. The teeth were restored with Single Bond adhesive and the composite resin Herculite Classic. The specimens were subjected to thermomechanical wear (mechanical cycling/100.000 cycles, thermal cycling/1.000 cycles). Stick-like specimens were obtained and submitted to a microtensile test in a universal testing machine.
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Марченко, С. І., and В. О. Голубов. "Peculiarities of Game Modes Effect on Dynamics of Speed Development in Boys of Primary School Age." Teorìâ ta Metodika Fìzičnogo Vihovannâ, no. 4 (December 25, 2015): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2015.4.1152.
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Research objective: to experimentally verify the effectiveness of use of game modes systemized for development of speed abilities in boys of primary school age.
Research methods: 1.Theoretical analysis and collation of scientific and methodological literature. 2. Method of control tests. 3. Pedagogical experiment. 4. Methods of mathematical statistics.
Research results. Positive changes in the level of speed abilities development occurred both in the reference and test groups with better performance in the test groups. This effect resulted from the rational planning of game load.
The study has established that to develop speed, the second-fourth grade boys are to engage in five games. The number of repetitions for the second-third graders is one, the rest intervals being 40 seconds, and the number of repetitions for the fourth grade boys is two, rest intervals being 30-40 seconds. The most effective development manifests during the 20-30 lessons. Favorable for speed development are games and relays performed with the highest speed from the start and at short distances from 10 to 30 m.
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Martin, Lisa A., Adolfo J. Ariza, J. Scott Thomson, and Helen J. Binns. "Seconds for Care: Evaluation of Five Health Supervision Visit Topics Using a New Method." Journal of Pediatrics 153, no. 5 (November 2008): 706–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.05.001.
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Safrel, Ispen, Eko Nugroho Julianto, and Nur Qudus Usman. "Accuracy Comparison between GPS Real Time Kinematic (RTK) Method and Total Station to Determine The Coordinate of An Area." Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan 20, no. 2 (November 30, 2018): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jtsp.v20i2.16284.
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Abstract. Survey with GPS Real Time Kinematic (RTK) has the advantage of being faster and easier than the total station, but on the other hand the accuracy of GPS Real Time Kinematic (RTK) is considered lacking. This study was to determine the comparison of accuracy and efficiency of measuring land parcels using a total station and GPS Real Time Kinematic (RTK) method. The research location is at the Universitas Negeri Semarang campus by selecting areas that are open or unobstructed to satellites and congested areas or which have many obstacles to satellites. The results of this study indicate that for open areas, measurement with GPS Real Time Kinematic (RTK) method reaches a horizontal accuracy of 0.040 m with a time of 16 minutes 16 seconds. While the measurement using a horizontal accuracy of 0.00 Total Station with a length of time of 26 minutes 47 seconds. For areas that are densely measured, GPS Real Time Kinematic (RTK) achieves horizontal accuracy of 10.053 m with a length of time of 39 minutes 27 seconds. While the measurement using a precision horizontal Total Station 0.00 with the length of time 25 minutes 41 seconds.
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Bora, Neelutpal, Putul Mahanta, Ranjumoni Konwar, Bharati Basumatari, Chiranjita Phukan, Deepjyoti Kalita, Senjam Gojendra Singh, and Sangeeta Deka. "Evaluation of Time Consumption for Debonding Brackets Using Different Techniques: A Hospital-Based Study." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021 (August 24, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5567863.
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Background and Objectives. The debonding procedures of brackets in orthodontics cause a different amount of time loss and enamel damage. The current research assesses and equates the time consumption for bracket debonding using four different techniques. Materials and Methods. A total of 80 human premolars were included in this study. The samples were first arranged following a standard protocol for bracketing and then debonded using the ultrasonic scaler (US), debonding plier (DP), ligature cutter (LC), and thermal method (TM). Depending on the technique applied for debonding, the specimens were randomly divided into four groups with 20 samples, each keeping a 1 : 1 ratio. During the debonding process, the time taken for each bracket removal was recorded using a stopwatch. To assess the difference in mean time required for debonding among the four techniques, one-way ANOVA test was applied along with Tukey’s HSD to compare the two methods. Results. The time range and the mean time required for the four techniques analyzed show that the DP method has the highest range of time needed for debonding with 0.97–2.56 seconds, while LC methods have the least time range taking 0.46 to 1.79 seconds. TM’s mean time to debond is the highest at 1.5880 seconds. LC method has the lowest mean debonding time of 0.9880 seconds. The one-way ANOVA test has shown the mean debonding time required by the four techniques to be significantly different ( p < 0.001 ). Tukey’s HSD multiple comparisons also show that the mean time to debond using the LC method is substantially less than the other three methods ( p < 0.001 ). Conclusion. The mean debonding time for the TM was substantially the highest, followed by the US and DP. Debonding with the LC technique required the least time. This study shows some limelight towards the effectiveness of the LC method as it is the least time-consuming technique.
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STALZER, MARK A. "A PARALLEL FAST MULTIPOLE METHOD FOR THE HELMHOLTZ EQUATION." Parallel Processing Letters 05, no. 02 (June 1995): 263–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129626495000242.
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Presented is a parallel algorithm based on the fast multipole method (FMM) for the Helmholtz equation. This variant of the FMM is useful for computing radar cross sections and antenna radiation patterns. The FMM decomposes the impedance matrix into sparse components, reducing the operation count of the matrix-vector multiplication in iterative solvers to O(N3/2) (where N is the number of unknowns). The parallel algorithm divides the problem into groups and assigns the computation involved with each group to a processor node. Careful consideration is given to the communications costs. A time complexity analysis of the algorithm is presented and compared with empirical results from a Paragon XP/S running the lightweight Sandia/University of New Mexico operating system (SUNMOS). For a 90,000 unknown problem running on 60 nodes, the sparse representation fits in memory and the algorithm computes the matrix-vector product in 1.26 seconds. It sustains an aggregate rate of 1.4 Gflop/s. The corresponding dense matrix would occupy over 100 Gbytes and, assuming that I/O is free, would require on the order of 50 seconds to form the matrix-vector product.
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Ghozi, Mohammad, and Anik Budiati. "Comparison of Genetic Algorithm and Harmony Search Method for 2D Geometry Optimization." MATEC Web of Conferences 159 (2018): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815901009.
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There are many applications of Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Harmony Search (HS) Method for solving problems in civil engineering design. The question is, still, which method is better for geometry optimization of a steel structure. The purpose of this paper is to compare GA and HS performance for geometric optimization of a steel structure. This problem is solved by optimizing a steel structure using GA and HS and then comparing the structure’s weight as well as the time required for the calculation. In this study, GA produced a structural weight of 2308.00 kg to 2387.00 kg and HS scored 2193.12 kg to 2239.48 kg. The average computational time required by GA is 607 seconds and HS needed 278 seconds. It concludes that HS is faster and better than GA for geometry optimization of a steel structure.
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Zanchi, Cesar Henrique, Flávio Fernando Demarco, Camila Silveira de Araújo, Marcelo Thomé Schein, and Sinval Adalberto Rodrigues. "Composite Resin Microhardness: The Influence of Light Curing Method, Composite Shade, and Depth of Cure." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 9, no. 4 (2008): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-9-4-43.
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Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of light curing method, composite shade, and depth of cure on composite microhardness. Methods and Materials Forty-eight specimens with 4 mm of depth were prepared with a hybrid composite (Filtek Z-100, 3M ESPE); 24 with shade A1 and the remaining with shade C2. For each shade, two light curing units (LCUs) were used: a quartz-tungsten-halogen (QTH) LCU (Optilight Plus - Gnatus) and a light emitting diode (LED) LCU (LEC 470 II - MM Optics). The LED LCU was tested using two exposure times (LED 40 seconds and LED 60 seconds). After 24-hour storage, three indentations were made at mm depth intervals using a Knoop indenter. Data were submitted to three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test (p<0.05). Results The three factors tested (light curing method, shade, and depth) had a significant influence on the composite microhardness (p<0.05). All groups presented similar hardness values in the first mm, except for composite shade C2 cured with LED for 40 seconds. The hardness decreased with depth, especially for shade C2 for 40 seconds. Increasing light-curing time with LED produced hardness values similar to the QTH. Conclusions The light curing method including variations of time, the depth of cure, and the composite shade influence the composite microhardness. Clinical Significance Clinicians should avoid thicker increments when working with composite restorations. Extended light-curing time might be indicated depending on the composite shade and on the light-curing device. Citation de Araújo CS, Schein MT, Zanchi CH, Rodrigues SA Jr, Demarco FF. Composite Resin Microhardness: The Influence of Light Curing Method, Composite Shade, and Depth of Cure. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 May; (9)4:043-050.
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Handayani, Yanolanda Suzantry, and Adhadi Kurniawan. "Rancang Bangun Prototipe Pengendali Pintu Air Berbasis SMS (Short Message Service) Untuk Pengairan Sawah Menggunakan Arduino." JURNAL AMPLIFIER : JURNAL ILMIAH BIDANG TEKNIK ELEKTRO DAN KOMPUTER 10, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/jamplifier.v10i2.15330.
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AbstrakCurrently opening and closing the floodgates for rice fields is still using the manual method, the manual method certainly still requires more effort to do this. Therefore it is necessary to develop a floodgate controller prototype using SMS (Short Message Service) with Arduino as the microcontroller, before making it into a larger form.This research uses experimental research methods. This research was conducted in the robotics laboratory of the Electrical Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, Bengkulu University. The results of the study, the time to send the fastest SMS when the fields need water is 10.21 seconds and the time to send the fastest SMS when the water needs for the fields is sufficient is 10.00 seconds using the Tri SIM card and the longest time to send SMS when the fields need water is 16.28 seconds and the sending time The longest SMS when the water requirement for rice fields is sufficient is 16.71 seconds using an Indosat SIM card. The performance of the floodgate controller prototype can open and close properly according to the command given via SMS service on the cellphone.Kata kunci: Module SIM800L, sensor ultrasonic, motor servo, Arduino Uno R3.
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Kaler, Wendy, and Raymond Chinn. "Successful Disinfection of Needleless Access Ports: A Matter of Time and Friction." Journal of the Association for Vascular Access 12, no. 3 (September 1, 2007): 140–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2309/java.12-3-9.
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Abstract Background: There is controversy as to whether the design of the needleless access port or the method used to clean it prior to access impacts successful disinfection. The authors studied the disinfection effectiveness for needleless access ports. Method: The ports of 4 models of needleless access ports were inoculated with bacteria. The ports were disinfected for 15 seconds with 70% alcohol alone or 3.15% chlorhexidine/70% alcohol (Chlorascrub, PDI, Orangeburg, NY). Saline flush solutions were collected and cultured. Results: Disinfection with either 70% alcohol alone or with 3.15% chlorhexidine/70% alcohol for 15 seconds was effective. Conclusions: All models of needleless access ports were effectively disinfected using these two methods.
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Noor Hidayat, Mohammad, Syarifatul Izza, and Ratna Ika Putri. "Analisis Pengaruh Static Synchronous Series Compensator Terhadap Kestabilan Transien Menggunakan Metode Nyquist (Analysis of the Static Synchronous Series Compensator’s Effect on Transient Stability Using the Nyquist Method)." Jurnal Nasional Teknik Elektro dan Teknologi Informasi 9, no. 1 (February 5, 2020): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jnteti.v9i1.140.
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Loss of synchronization causes a generator not in steady state condition, causing system instability. In this paper, Nyquist method is used to determine the transient stability of a synchronous generator using the Nyquist curve. The system is unstable if the G(jω) curve is further away from the point -1 + j0, while the gain margin value is below 6 dB and the phase margin has a value below 30°. The response of the system shows that the rotor angle oscillation on the generator is not synchronous, while the power angle experiences irregular transients so that the power angle increases until it cannot return to its steady state position. By using the Static Series Synchronous Compensator (SSSC) filter, the rotor angle oscillation response after 0.1 seconds begins to stabilize at an angle of 50°. The effect of the SSSC filter also affects the bus voltage oscillations from 0.15 seconds to 0.05 seconds and the real power oscillations from 0.13 seconds to 0.06 seconds.
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Putri, Audia Tria, Rizanda Machmud, and Murniwati Murniwati. "PENGARUH WAKTU PENGADUKAN TERHADAP WAKTU GELASI BAHAN CETAK ALGINAT." Andalas Dental Journal 4, no. 1 (June 14, 2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/adj.v4i1.43.
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Alginate is one of many dental materials that used for the impressing materials. Mixing time is one of factorsthat affected the setting time. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of mixing time at 30 seconds, 35seconds, 40 seconds, 45 seconds, 50 seconds, 55 seconds and 60 seconds on setting time of alginate. This studyused experimental method. The samples that used were 42 samples and divided into 7 groups of mixing time,that were 30 seconds (control), 35 seconds, 40 seconds, 45 seconds, 50 seconds, 55 seconds, and 60 seconds.Setting time was tested with acrylic test rod based on ADA specification no.18. The alginate powder was mixedwith water (10 gr : 23 ml ratio), then put in the mould. Acrylic test rod was placed in contact with the surface ofalginate dough. The setting time was measured from the starting of the mix to the time when alginate does notadhere to the end of the rod. Result of this study showed that the average of setting time of alginate which mixedfor 30 seconds (control), 35 seconds, 40 seconds, 45 seconds, 50 seconds, 55 seconds, and 60 seconds was120.17 ± 3.312 seconds, 119.00 ± 1.265 seconds, 118.17 ± 1.472 seconds, 114.83 ± 3.896 seconds, 112.00 ±1.673 seconds, 109.17 ± 0.983 seconds, and 105.33 ± 4.082 seconds respectively.
One Way Anova test shows significant difference among all experimental group with p=0.000. The change of setting time alginate show significant difference with control group when it mixed for 45 seconds, 50 seconds, 55seconds, and 60 seconds.Keywords: alginate, mixing time, setting time
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Sahin, Hasan, and Mehmet Yalınkılıc. "Using Electric Current as a Weed Control Method." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 2, no. 6 (June 23, 2017): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2017.2.6.379.
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Weed struggle has an important place in agricultural production. The widespread use of chemicals in this struggle is due to its easy applicability, its short-term results, and its economic efficiency. However, the negative effects of these chemicals on the environment and human health have been recognized, and the interest in non-chemical struggle methods has also increased. One of the non-chemical methods of struggle is using electric energy. In this work, which is carried out by passing the electric current through the plant, it is aimed that ended the vital activity of weed (cress), as a result of electric current flowing through it. The experimental setup prepared for use in operation consists of a voltage regulator with 1-300 V steps and copper conductors which will contact the plants. In the experiments, weed seeds germinated under suitable conditions were placed on the board to complete the electric circuit and the circuit was completed by passing current through the plants that the copper conductor tips contacted. As a result of the experiments, plants were observed to lose their vitality about 70% when 100 volts of electricity was applied over the body for 300, 420 and 540 seconds. On the other hand, when electric energy was applied as 200 volts and 300 volts for 300, 420, and 540 seconds, respectively, the vital activity of the plants close to 100% was ended.