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Karthikeyan, Vilvapathy Senguttuvan, Sarath Chandra Sistla, Ramachandran Srinivasan, Debdatta Basu, Lakshmi C. Panicker, Sheik Manwar Ali, and Nagarajan Rajkumar. "Metachronous Multiple Primary Malignant Neoplasms of the Stomach and the Breast: Report of Two Cases With Review of Literature." International Surgery 99, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.9738/intsurg-d-13-00056.1.
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Abstract Multiple primary malignant neoplasm is the occurrence of a second primary malignancy in the same patient within 6 months of the detection of first primary (synchronous), or 6 months or more after primary detection (metachronous). Multiple primary malignant neoplasms are not very frequently encountered in clinical practice. The relative risk for a second primary malignancy increases by 1.111-fold every month from the detection of the first primary malignancy in any individual. We present 2 patients treated for carcinoma of the breast who developed a metachronous primary malignancy in the stomach to highlight the rare occurrence of multiple primary malignant neoplasms. These tumors were histologically dissimilar, with distinct immunohistochemical parameters. The importance lies in carefully identifying the second primary malignancies, not dismissing them as metastases, and treating them accordingly.
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Dewi, Noni Trisna, Ramses Indriawan, Ewaldo Amirullah Hadi, and Tomi Irmayanto. "CASE REPORT : BREAST CARCINOMA STADIUM IIIB." Lombok Health And Science Journal 2, no. 1 (April 29, 2023): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/lhsj.v2i1.2502.
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Introduction: Breast Carcinoma is a malignant tumor originating from the parenchymal epithelial cells of the breast. This includes the ducts of the mammary glands and their supporting tissues, which grow infiltratively, destructively, and can metastasize. In 2018, an estimated 2.1 million women were newly diagnosed with breast cancer, about one new case diagnosed every 18 seconds. The global incidence of breast cancer has increased with an annual year increase of 3.1%
Case presentation: A female 51-years-old patient with right breast cancer on chemotherapy. She already has 6 times chemotherapy session the patient had a biopsy done one year ago and the results of the biopsy were obtained from a patient with grade 2 breast cancer, the patient had been offered to do breast removal but the patient refused, at this time the lump in the patient burst and bled continuously
Conclusion: Breast cancer (Carcinoma mammae) is cancer of the breast tissue. Ca Mammae occurs because the condition of the cell has lost its normal control and mechanism, so that it experiences abnormal, fast and uncontrolled growth. Ca Mammae is often defined as a malignant neoplasm disease originating from the mammary gland parenchyma. There are various hormonal and non-hormonal factors that are thought to increase the risk of breast cancer, including age, genetic and familial, hormonal, lifestyle, environment, and a history of benign tumors.
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Giongo, Sofia Marasca, Henrique Sarubbi Fillmann, Lucio Sarubbi Fillmann, and Alexandre Vontobel Padoin. "Quality Assessment of Colonoscopies Performed by Resident Physicians in Colorectal Surgery." Journal of Coloproctology 44, no. 02 (June 2024): e120-e125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1787140.
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Abstract Introduction Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignant neoplasm worldwide, with ∼ 150 thousand new cases each year. Screening policies have brought significant progress due to the possibility of early diagnosis and polyp resection. Therefore, there is a need for continuous evaluation of the quality of colonoscopies based on well-established criteria in the literature. Materials and Methods The present retrospective study assesses the quality of colonoscopies performed at a tertiary hospital, comparing resident physicians with their preceptors. A total of 422 preceptor exams and 115 resident exams were evaluated, with a comparison of the adenoma detection rate, cecal intubation rate, examination time, and bowel preparation quality. Results The adenoma detection rate in the exams performed by preceptors was of 46.9%, while in those performed by residents, it was of 35.2% (p = 0.038). The cecal intubation rate was of 98.6% in the preceptor group and of 94.8% in the resident group (p = 0.025). The median total examination time was of 13 minutes and 42 seconds in the preceptor group and of 19 minutes and 22 seconds in the resident group (p < 0.005). Conclusion During their training, resident physicians perform an adequate number of colonoscopies, which enables them to achieve adenoma detection rates, cecal intubation and examination times within the limits proposed by the literature.
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Burns, Ethan A., Cesar Gentille, Saro Kasparian, and Sai Ravi Pingali. "A Case of Histiocytic Sarcoma Arising from Mycosis Fungoides." Case Reports in Hematology 2019 (October 3, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7834728.
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Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is an uncommon malignant neoplasm arising from mature histiocytes and most commonly characterized by the immunophenotypic expression of CD68, CD163, or lysozyme. Although rare, HS arising as a second primary malignancy following hematolymphoid neoplasms has been reported. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of HS occurring as a second primary malignancy in a patient with mycosis fungoides (MF), with the retained immunophenotype markers CD30 and CD4.
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Ronchi, Andrea, Martina Di Martino, Alessandro Caputo, Pio Zeppa, Giuseppe Colella, Renato Franco, and Immacolata Cozzolino. "Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology Is an Effective Diagnostic Tool in Paediatric Patients with Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma as Secondary Neoplasm." Acta Cytologica 64, no. 6 (2020): 520–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000508395.
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<b><i>Background:</i></b> Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common malignant salivary gland tumour in paediatric population, accounting for 16% of all cases. Patients affected by a previous solid or leukaemic neoplasm during their childhood may develop a second different tumour during the follow-up. In this setting, salivary gland MEC is relatively frequent, accounting for 6% of the second neoplasms in paediatric patients. Consequently, the occurrence of salivary gland nodules in paediatric patients with a previous neoplasm should be considered an event with a high risk of malignancy that poses peculiar diagnostic challenges. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> This study was designed to define clinical and instrumental findings and morphological features of MEC on fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) samples in paediatric patients with and without a previous neoplasm. Five patients under 19 years are included in this series. FNAC was performed in all patients on a parotid nodule. We have identified 2 groups of patients: (a) 2 cases with previous history of malignancy (acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and Hodgkin lymphoma) and (b) 3 cases without previous malignant neoplasms. In all cases, a final diagnosis of MEC was rendered. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> MEC may occur as a second malignancy in paediatric patients. FNAC is certainly a valid and accurate diagnostic tool for this type of neoplasm, even in the paediatric age, allowing the correct management of the patients.
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Pytel, Nicholas, Erik Dedekam, Shahriar M. Salamat, and Diane Puccetti. "NCMP-22. SECOND MALIGNANCIES FOLLOWING TREATMENT FOR PRIMARY CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TUMORS IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS: A SINGLE-INSTITUTIONAL RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW." Neuro-Oncology 22, Supplement_2 (November 2020): ii127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa215.533.
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Abstract Second malignant neoplasms following treatment for primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors in children are rare occurrences but may often have dire consequences, particularly, if thought to be induced by prior therapies. The authors retrospectively reviewed pediatric patients with primary CNS malignancies from the University of Wisconsin over the last 25 years (1994 – 2019) with any secondary malignant neoplasm and determined seven patients met criteria. Treatment modalities were reviewed with all patients receiving surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy for treatment of their first malignancy. The second neoplasms found included 4 high-grade gliomas, 1 meningioma, 1 thyroid carcinoma, and 1 myelodysplastic syndrome. The median latency time between diagnoses was 9 years (range 4 -17 years). The outcomes varied according to histopathology of the second neoplasm with the high-grade glioma patients all deceased from progressive disease. The high-grade gliomas were thought to have been induced by prior radiation in most cases. The remaining patients are still alive, at the time of this writing, and in follow up after treatment for their second neoplasm. Thus, long-term follow up is essential for children treated for a primary CNS tumor given the variety of second neoplasms that could arise with differential consequences. In addition to our single institutional outcomes, we will also present an updated review of the literature of pediatric patients with primary CNS tumors and second malignancies.
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Pytel, Nicholas, Erik Dedekam, M. Shahriar Salamat, and Diane Puccetti. "RARE-41. SECOND MALIGNANCIES FOLLOWING TREATMENT FOR PRIMARY CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TUMORS IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS: A SINGLE-INSTITUTIONAL RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW." Neuro-Oncology 22, Supplement_3 (December 1, 2020): iii451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.751.
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Abstract Second malignant neoplasms following treatment for primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors in children are rare occurrences but may often have dire consequences, particularly, if thought to be induced by prior therapies. The authors retrospectively reviewed pediatric patients with primary CNS malignancies from the University of Wisconsin over the last 25 years (1994 – 2019) with any secondary malignant neoplasm and determined seven patients met criteria. Treatment modalities were reviewed with all patients receiving surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy for treatment of their first malignancy. The second neoplasms found included 4 high-grade gliomas, 1 meningioma, 1 thyroid carcinoma, and 1 myelodysplastic syndrome. The median latency time between diagnoses was 9 years (range 4 -17 years). The outcomes varied according to histopathology of the second neoplasm with the high-grade glioma patients all deceased from progressive disease. The high-grade gliomas were thought to have been induced by prior radiation in most cases. The remaining patients are still alive, at the time of this writing, and in follow up after treatment for their second neoplasm. Thus, long-term follow up is essential for children treated for a primary CNS tumor given the variety of second neoplasms that could arise with differential consequences. In addition to our single institutional outcomes, we will also present an updated review of the literature of pediatric patients with primary CNS tumors and second malignancies.
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Tavernier, Emmanuelle, Stephane de Botton, Nathalie Dhedin, Claude-Eric Bulabois, Oumedaly Reman, Norbert Vey, Frederic Garban, et al. "Secondary or Concomitant Neoplasms among Adults Diagnosed with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and Treated According to the LALA-87 and LALA-94 Trials." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 1826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.1826.1826.
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Abstract Second malignant neoplasms are a serious complication after successful treatment of childhood ALL. Although treatment intensity and outcome were not comparable, with improvements in survival, it is important to evaluate the rate and the type of second neoplasms in adults with ALL. We analyzed the data from the GET-LALA group. A cohort of 1493 patients, aged 15 to 60 years and enrolled on two successive multicenter protocols between 1987 and 2002, was observed to determine the incidence of second neoplasms and associated risk factors. The median follow-up time from diagnosis was 6 years. By February 2005, secondary or concomitant neoplasms were documented in 23 patients (median age: 36 years, range:18–57) including 9 acute myeloid leukemias, 4 non Hodgkin lymphomas, 5 skin tumors, and 5 other solid tumors (1 lung cancer, 1 tongue carcinoma, 1 thymoma, 1 condrosarcoma, 1 histiocytosis). Neoplasms developed 0.5 to 13.8 years (median, 4.5 years) after the diagnosis of ALL. 22 patients were in first remission, one was in second remission. The overall cumulative risk of secondary neoplasms was 2.1% at 5 years, 4.9% at 10 years, 9.4% at 15 years. The cumulative risk of developing a second hematologic malignancy was 1.8% at 5 years, 2.2% at 10 years, 3.3% at 18 years; that of developing a solid tumor was 0.2% at 5 years, 2.8% at 10 years, 6.2% at 15 years. The development of secondary neoplasm was not associated with the use of any specific cytotoxic agent. However, risk of skin tumor increased with radiation dose and transplantation (p = 0.01). Overall survival after the diagnosis of a second malignant neoplasm was 55% at 10 years. However, the median overall survival in patients developing acute myeloid leukemia was of 5.7 months. Considering the low-survival rate of this large unselected adult ALL cohort (32% at 10 years), considering the poorer results comparing to childhood ALL treatment, the risk of secondary or concomitant neoplasm remains probably under estimated. Larger series with long-term follow-up are, however, mandatory. Figure Figure
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Fernández-Cuadros, Marcos E., Javier Nieto-Blasco, Antonia Geanini-Yagüez, Daniel Ciprián-Nieto, Bárbara Padilla-Fernández, and Mª Fernanda Lorenzo-Gómez. "Male Urinary Incontinence." American Journal of Men's Health 10, no. 6 (July 7, 2016): NP127—NP135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988315590653.
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The aim of the current study was to determine the demographic characteristics and risk factors associated with male urinary incontinence (UI) and to assess the effectiveness and the effect on the quality-of-life of a pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) protocol with electromyography-biofeedback (EMG-BFB) with surface electrodes. A prospective, quasi-experimental before-and-after study with a sample of 61 men out of 372 patients referred to the Pelvic Floor Unit from October 2005 to June 2012 was performed. The protocol consisted of 20 sessions of EMG-BFB supervised by a physiotherapist twice a week. The session durations were 30 minutes (118 work/rest cycles of pelvic muscles). Work lasted 3 seconds and rest 7 seconds. Patients were given standards of conduct and questionnaires (International Consultation on Incontinence–Short Form and Incontinence Quality-of-Life Measure) at the beginning and at the end of the treatment. The average age was 64.85 ± 14.34 years; 44.3% ( n = 27) had benign prostatic hypertrophy, 41.9% ( n = 25) had prostate malignant neoplasm, 86.9% ( n = 53) had undergone prostatectomy, 16.4% ( n = 10) had undergone abdominal surgery. Abdominal surgery and radical prostatectomy were significantly associated with UI ( p < .05). Stress urinary incontinence was the most common type of UI (86.67%), followed by mixed urinary incontinence (8.33%) and urge urinary incontinence (5%). A significant improvement ( p < .05) in both International Consultation on Incontinence–Short Form and Incontinence Quality-of-Life Measure questionnaires was observed when making comparisons regarding the results before and after the EMG-BFB treatment protocol. These results support that male UI is significantly associated with urological and abdominal surgery (including radical prostatectomy) and that EMG-BFB for PFMT improves incontinence and quality of life (social embarrassment, limiting behavior, and psychosocial impact) in the three types of UI on an overall basis.
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Manasi, Saha, Banerjee Alpana, and Datta Abhijit. "Histological Patterns of Ovarian Neoplasms – A Five Year Experience in North-East India." International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences 7, no. 1 (January 9, 2018): 1576. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/ijmds/2018/18904.
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<p><strong>Background:</strong> Ovary is one of the common sites of neoplasm in females. They manifest in wide spectrum of clinical, morphological and histological features. Ovary is the second most common site of primary malignancy in female genital tract.</p><p><strong>Objectives:</strong> To study the frequency of different histological types of ovarian tumors and to analyze age distribution of these tumors.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> This was a retrospective study of all cases of ovarian tumors received at Pathology Department of Agartala Government Medical College during the period of 5 years from January 2012 to December 2016.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> A total number of 242 cases were studied. Among these 189 cases (78.1%) were benign, 12 cases (4.96%) were borderline and 41 cases (16.94%) were malignant. Benign neoplasms were most commonly seen between 3<sup>rd</sup> and 5<sup>th</sup> decade of age whereas malignant neoplasms after 4<sup>th</sup> decade. Serous cystadenoma was the commonest benign tumor followed by mucinous cystadenoma and mature cystic teratoma. Among the malignant surface epithelial tumors, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma was most common, followed by serous cystadenocarcinoma.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Benign ovarian neoplasms outnumber the malignant ones in all age groups. Surface epithelial tumors are the most common class of tumors and mucinous cystadenocarcinoma is the commonest malignant neoplasm.</p>
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Cantley, Richard L. "Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology of Cellular Basaloid Neoplasms of the Salivary Gland." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 143, no. 11 (September 11, 2019): 1338–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2019-0327-ra.
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Context.— Cellular basaloid neoplasms of the salivary gland represent a diverse group of benign and malignant neoplasms with significant cytomorphologic overlap on fine-needle aspiration cytology. All are marked by the presence of monotonous and usually bland basaloid epithelium. Distinction between basaloid neoplasms on fine-needle aspiration cytology is based on the presence or absence of additional features, including a second cell population (eg, myoepithelial cells), an acellular stromal component, and/or cytologic atypia within the basaloid epithelium. This review highlights the cytomorphologic features of the most common cellular basaloid neoplasms of the salivary gland, with an emphasis on classification and subclassification within the Milan System. Objective.— To provide a comprehensive review of the cytologic features of basaloid epithelial neoplasms of the salivary gland, with an emphasis on classification within the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology. Data Sources.— Peer-reviewed literature, recent textbooks, and personal experiences of the author. Conclusions.— Some basaloid neoplasms, in particular pleomorphic adenomas and adenoid cystic carcinomas, may have characteristic findings on fine-needle aspiration that allow for definitive diagnosis. In other cases, however, fine-needle aspiration can confirm a neoplastic basaloid process, but specific classification of a benign or malignant neoplasm cannot be rendered. The Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology acknowledges this difficulty, and recommends benign or malignant classification only when definitive diagnostic features of a specific neoplasm are present. For indeterminate cases, the subcategorization of salivary neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential is recommended.
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Volkova, Anastasiya S., Tatiana S. Belysheva, Svetlana N. Mikhaylova, Yulia E. Ryabukhina, and Pervin A. Zeynalova. "Cancer alertness as a basis for timely diagnosis and effectiveness of therapy: A review." Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum, no. 1 (June 6, 2023): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/26586630.2023.1.202046.
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Early diagnosis of malignant neoplasms in children is an important and relevant task. Despite the growth of actively diagnosed malignant neoplasms, the proportion of cases of the disease at stage III or IV remains high. In the structure of pediatric mortality, malignant neoplasms occupy a significant fraction, which marks the need for a thorough diagnostic search and, in turn, early detection of cancer. For patients who have completed treatment for a malignant neoplasm, active observation regarding the occurrence of a relapse or the appearance of second tumors remains relevant. Detection of malignant neoplasms in the early stages is possible with an appropriate level of cancer alertness, a multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and treatment of this rare group of diseases.
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Bokemeyer, C., and H. J. Schmoll. "Secondary neoplasms following treatment of malignant germ cell tumors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 11, no. 9 (September 1993): 1703–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1993.11.9.1703.
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PURPOSE The current study investigates the frequency and outcome of secondary malignancies in patients treated for testicular cancer at Hannover University Medical School between 1970 and 1990. PATIENTS AND METHODS One thousand twenty-five patients with a median follow-up duration of 61 months (range, 12 to 240) were included in the analysis. Follow-up was complete in 1,018 patients (99%). Histology was seminoma in 324 patients (38.7%) and nonseminomatous germ cell tumor in 624 patients (61.3%). At the time of median follow-up, 814 patients (79.9%) were alive. RESULTS Fourteen patients developed a secondary neoplasm (cumulative incidence, 1.38%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75 to 2.30); 13 patients had solid tumors and one had secondary lymphoblastic leukemia with a t(4; 11) translocation including band 11q23. None of 224 patients on surveillance strategy (with or without retroperitoneal lymph node dissection [RPLND]) developed a second neoplasm, compared with four of 413 patients (0.97%; 95% CI, 0 to 1.9) after cisplatin-based chemotherapy (not significant) and nine of 332 patients (2.7%; 95% CI, 0.9 to 4.5) after radiotherapy (P = .02). The cumulative incidence of a secondary neoplasia of 1.76% (95% CI, 0.97 to 2.94) in patients treated by radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy was significantly higher compared with patients on surveillance protocols (P = .03). Chemotherapy containing standard-dose etoposide did not increase the risk of occurrence of secondary neoplasms. A significantly elevated relative risk of 7.53 (range, 3.4 to 14.3) compared with the male German population was only found for patients treated by radiotherapy. CONCLUSION Compared with patients who have other curable malignant tumors, an incidence of 1.38 of secondary neoplasms after a median follow-up duration of 61 months is low. The highest risk for secondary neoplasia after treatment of testicular cancer is associated with the use of radiotherapy. Following chemotherapy, no significantly elevated risk was observed. In conclusion, the benefits of curative treatment far outweigh the risk of secondary cancer in patients with malignant germ cell tumors.
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Kleber, Martina, Kerstin Höck, Gabriele Ihorst, Bernd Koch, Ralph Waesch, Ola Landgren, and Monika Engelhardt. "Second Malignant Neoplasms Following Multiple Myeloma: A Cohort Study On 744 Patients Treated 1997-2011." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 3100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.3100.3100.
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Abstract Introduction Second malignant neoplasms after first-line therapy and maintenance-therapy have been reported in clinical studies; however, no risk factors have been established. Moreover, second malignant neoplasms is gaining increasingly more attention as multiple myeloma patients live longer and data from randomized studies suggest there are associations between certain newer drugs and the risk of developing second malignant neoplasms. Clinical trials are not statically powered to define risk factors for second malignant neoplasms. Methods We have conducted a large study designed to define the rate of second malignant neoplasms in a well-characterized clinical multiple myeloma cohort. We identified 744 consecutive patients treated at our institution between 1997-2011 and analyzed 1. onset of second malignant neoplasms, 2. patient characteristics (age, gender, familiar risks, smoking status, immune status), 3. frequency of different neoplasms, 4. potential multiple myeloma specific risk factors and 5. possible treatment-related risk factors (novel agents, autologous stem cell transplantation [single vs. tandem (t)-ASCT], allogeneic (allo-) SCT, frequency of alkylating agents, cycles/lines of therapy and ionizing radiation). Results 118 (16%) multiple myeloma patients developed second malignant neoplasms. Prior or synchronous malignant neoplasms were observed in 83 patients (63%) and second malignant neoplasms developed subsequent to multiple myeloma in 49 (37%) patients. Overall, most (77%) of these neoplasms were solid tumors; whereas hematological neoplasms with 23% were prominently observed subsequent to multiple myeloma. Furthermore, multiple myeloma who developed second malignant neoplasms (versus those who did not) were older, predominantly male, had IgG-MM and more CTx-cycles, use of steroids, alkylators, lenalidomide/thalidomide and radiotherapy, but lacked laboratory abnormalities nor did they have more ASCTs or bortezomib therapy. The risk of dying of multiple myeloma due to disease progression remained substantially higher than that of developing a second malignant neoplasm (cumulative incidence at 20 years: 78% vs. 11%, respectively). However, since multiple myeloma prognosis increases and death at 20 years of follow-up decreases, the development of second malignant neoplasms remains highly relevant (Figure 1; comparison of the SEER database with our UKF data). Conclusions Matching the SEER database with our data (Figure 1) confirms the rate of second malignant neoplasms at 20 years of follow-up at around 10%, whereas death from other causes (multiple myeloma) seems to substantially decrease. Further comparison is currently under way and will expand our knowledge on the development of second malignant neoplasms. Our prior (Hasskarl J.,..Engelhardt M. 2011) and previous analyses suggest that physicians need to discuss individual risk-benefit ratios with patients and stay updated as more knowledge becomes available on this topic. It is likely that second malignant neoplasms in multiple myeloma patients remain important given that the prognosis in multiple myeloma has substantially increased and patients live significantly longer. Disclosures: Kleber: Celgene: Educational grant Other. Engelhardt:Celgene: Educational grant Other.
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Harpreet Grewal, Kesari Singh, and Vasudha Bhagat. "A Case Report of Carcinoma ex Pleomorphic Adenoma." International Healthcare Research Journal 2, no. 8 (November 24, 2018): 192–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.26440/ihrj.v2i8.169.
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Carcinoma ex-pleomorphic nonmalignant tumour (Ca ex PA, CXPA) is a rare, aggressive, poorly understood malignancy of the exocrine gland. The clinical findings typical of this neoplasm embrace history of a slow growing, ulcerated, painless mass that enlarges speedily. The current definition of Ca ex PA became widely accepted in the second half of the twentieth century. It is uncommon, having a prevalence rate of 5.6 cases per 100,000 malignant neoplasms and a yearly incidence rate of 0.17 tumours per 1 million persons in the world. The cancer is found predominantly in the sixth to eighth decades of life and is slight female predilection.
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Meadows, A. T., E. Baum, F. Fossati-Bellani, D. Green, R. D. Jenkin, B. Marsden, M. Nesbit, W. Newton, O. Oberlin, and S. G. Sallan. "Second malignant neoplasms in children: an update from the Late Effects Study Group." Journal of Clinical Oncology 3, no. 4 (April 1985): 532–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1985.3.4.532.
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This paper presents an update from the Late Effects Study Group on 292 cases of second malignant neoplasms (SMN) occurring in individuals who were diagnosed with their first neoplasm in childhood. Data are presented regarding the types of first and second neoplasm, the therapy administered, and the predisposing factors. Of the 292 cases (308 SMN), the most common primary was retinoblastoma followed by Hodgkin's disease, soft-tissue sarcomas, and Wilms' tumor. This is not similar to the relative frequency of these cancers in children but rather reflects specific risk factors. Bone sarcomas were the most common SMN among the 208 SMN developing in previously irradiated sites while acute leukemia was the most common SMN unassociated with radiation. Known predisposing conditions to cancer were present in 73 cases; retinoblastoma was the most common of these, followed by neurofibromatosis. There were ten patients with three and three patients with four malignant neoplasms. In 14 patients, the cause of SMN was not suggested by known risk factors as these patients had negative family histories and received no radiation or chemotherapy. We note, therefore, that although most cases of SMN in survivors of childhood cancer can be attributed to radiation, genetic disease, chemotherapy, or combinations of these, unrecognized predisposition or chance may also play a role.
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Andriiaka, A. O. "Optimization of Diagnosis of Secondary Metabolic Disorders and Treatment Tactics in Patients with Malignant Neoplasm Anemia in Colorectal Cancer." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 6, no. 5 (October 27, 2021): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs06.05.141.
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The purpose of the study was to study the content of free fraction of heparin, histamine and serotonin in plasma of peripheral venous blood of patients with malignant neoplasm anemia in colorectal cancer, depending on the severity of anemia. Materials and methods. The material for the study was the blood plasma of 445 patients (228 men and 217 women). Among them, 53 patients (31 women and 22 men) with iron deficiency anemia were examined and included in the first observation group (І) and 392 patients (206 men (52.55 %) and 186 women (47.45 %)) with colorectal cancer whose course of the underlying disease was burdened with malignant neoplasm anemia (ICD-10 code: D63.0) were included in the second observation group (II). Among the patients in the second (II) observation group, there were 222 individuals (119 men and 103 women) with malignant neoplasms of the colon (ICD-10 code: С.18), 29 individuals (16 men and 13 women) with malignant neoplasms of the rectosigmoid junction (ICD-10 code: C.19), 138 individuals (82 men and 56 women) with malignant neoplasms of the rectum (code ICD-10 C.20) and 3 patients (2 men and 1 woman) with malignant neoplasms of the anus (ICD-10 code: C.21). The mean age of the patients was 63.3 ± 1.2 years old. The plasma level of free fraction of heparin of the examined patients was determined using the photocolorimetric method on photoelectric colorimeter 56-M after its preliminary isolation by electrophoretic method according to the appropriate procedure (B. V. Mykhailychenko, S. V. Vydyborets (2000)). The plasma level of free histamine and serotonin of the examined patients was studied using the method of fluorometric analysis on the analyzer “BIAN-130”-“BIAN-100” according to the procedure of B. V. Mykhailychenko, S. V. Vydyborets (1999). Results and discussion. It was found that prior to the initiation of treatment in patients with malignant neoplasm anemia, regardless of the course of colorectal cancer, there was a significant increase in the plasma level of free fraction of heparin, histamine, serotonin (p < 0.001); the ratio of free histamine to free serotonin was also changed in comparison with the values in the control group (p < 0.05), which indicated both an increased release of heparin, histamine and serotonin from the depot, and an impaired inactivation processes of these biologically active substances. Considering all of the above and the quite obvious reasons, namely, the secondary metabolic disorders of serotonin, histamine, heparin which manifested by a significant increase in their plasma level of patients with malignant neoplasm anemia in colorectal cancer, we suggested the need to use a medicinal product in a complex of therapeutic measures which can cause antihypoxic, membrane stabilizing and anti-edema action. Conclusion. Malignant neoplasm anemia in colorectal cancer is accompanied by significant changes in the metabolism of biologically active substances – free fraction of heparin, histamine, serotonin, and the ratio of free histamine to serotonin. It was correctly concluded that in addition to the baseline therapy the administration of arginine glutamate which causes both antihypoxic and membrane-stabilizing action, reliably contributes to the normalization of secondary metabolic disorders of histamine, serotonin and heparin metabolism in malignant neoplasm anemia in patients with colorectal cancer
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Thway, Khin, Ian Judson, and Cyril Fisher. "Clear Cell Sarcoma-Like Tumor of the Gastrointestinal Tract, Presenting as a Second Malignancy after Childhood Hepatoblastoma." Case Reports in Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/984369.
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Clear cell sarcoma-like tumor of the gastrointestinal tract (CCSLGT) is a rare malignant neoplasm arising within the wall of the small bowel, stomach, or large bowel, predominantly in children and young adults. It is an aggressive tumor with a high rate of local recurrence, metastases, and early death from disease. Histologically, it is composed of relatively monomorphic ovoid or round cells with clear to eosinophilic cytoplasm, arranged in sheets and sometimes papillary or alveolar architectures, often with CD68-positive osteoclast-like giant cells in variable numbers, and is associated withEWSR1-CREB1gene fusions. Its pathogenesis is unknown, and histologically it can be easily confused with a variety of intra-abdominal neoplasms. We describe a case of CCSLGT with molecular characterization, presenting as an acutely obstructing small bowel mass in a 33-year-old male, which occurred as a second malignant neoplasm 20 years after treatment with surgery, radiotherapy, and cisplatin and doxorubicin chemotherapy for childhood hepatoblastoma. This gives further insight into the clinical setting of this highly aggressive neoplasm and highlights the use of radiation therapy as a possible etiologic factor.
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Padhiary, Subrat K., Gunjan Srivastava, Swagatika Panda, and Neeta Mohanty. "Development of morphologically diverse benign neoplasms preceding metachronous oral squamous cell carcinoma: A rare case report." National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery 15, no. 3 (September 2024): 521–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/njms.njms_135_23.
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Eighteen months after the resection and micro-vascular reconstruction of central ossifying fibroma of the right mandible in a 54-year-old male patient, there occur two synchronous neoplasms, basal cell adenoma (BSA) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Two years after reconstructive surgery, the patient reported a second primary OSCC on the left retromolar mucosa. This case reports two morphologically diverse benign neoplasms preceding metachronous OSCC in one individual. While field cancerization makes the entire mucosa susceptible to the development of multiple primary malignant neoplasms, this case would address the necessity to extrapolate further the fact that whether genetic instability in the head and neck area can make the individual susceptible to develop both benign and malignant neoplasms. This case report also generates the importance of follow-up in even a benign fibro-osseous head and neck neoplasm.
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Hamre, Merlin R., Richard K. Severson, Paul Chuba, David R. Lucas, Ron L. Thomas, and Michael P. Mott. "Osteosarcoma as a second malignant neoplasm." Radiotherapy and Oncology 65, no. 3 (December 2002): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(02)00150-0.
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Kumar, Sanath. "Second Malignant Neoplasms Following Radiotherapy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 9, no. 12 (December 18, 2012): 4744–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9124744.
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Butnor, Kelly J., Elizabeth N. Pavlisko, Thomas A. Sporn, and Victor L. Roggli. "Malignant Mesothelioma in Individuals With Nonmesothelial Neoplasms." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 142, no. 6 (March 12, 2018): 730–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2017-0307-oa.
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Context.— Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a component of the BAP1 tumor predisposition syndrome. Other than in BAP1 familial studies, nonmesothelial neoplasms in individuals with MM has not been comprehensively assessed. Objective.— To assess the spectrum and prevalence of nonmesothelial neoplasms in individuals with MM. Design.— Individuals with MM and second neoplasms were identified from a database of 3900 MM cases. The expected prevalence of each type of neoplasm was calculated and compared with the actual prevalence in the study population using available Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data and other published data. Results.— Two hundred seventy nonmesothelial neoplasms were identified in 241 individuals (6% of the study population) with MM. Prostate adenocarcinoma was most common. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, lung carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, breast carcinoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, papillary renal cell carcinoma, multiple myeloma/plasmacytoma, meningioma, pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma, chronic myelogenous leukemia, ocular melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, liposarcoma, and Wilms tumor all were more prevalent than expected. Conclusions.— Nonmesothelial neoplasms are uncommon in individuals with MM, but certain tumor types are increased in prevalence. In an unselected study population with respect to BAP1 status, the prevalence of several tumor types described in BAP1 mutation carriers, including lung carcinoma, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, breast carcinoma, meningioma, pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma, and ocular melanoma, was increased.
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P.M, Athira, Rachegowda N, Gaurav Yadav, M. Madhukar, and Amrutha Ranganath. "Interesting Case of Solid Pseudopapillary Epithelial Neoplasm of Pancreas (SPEN) In A Pregnant Woman." JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES 16, no. 1 (March 19, 2019): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.58739/jcbs/v09i1.5.
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Solid pseudopapillary tumours (SPT) are rare, cystic neoplasm of the pancreas with low malignant potential. It usu-ally occurs in females in second to third decade of life and have favourable diagnosis. We present a case of SPT which was diagnosed incidentally in a 19 year old pregnant female at 12 weeks who later had an abortion at 20 weeks of gestation. Pan-creatic pseudopapillary tumors are rare neoplasms with low malignant potential and sound be kept as differential diagnosis while evaluating pancreatic tumors. Keywords: Papillary Tumors, Pancreas.
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Hunger, S. P., J. Sklar, and M. P. Link. "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia occurring as a second malignant neoplasm in childhood: report of three cases and review of the literature." Journal of Clinical Oncology 10, no. 1 (January 1992): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1992.10.1.156.
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PURPOSE The long-term effects of childhood cancer and its therapy are a problem of increasing concern. One of the most important of these late effects is the development of second malignant neoplasms (SMNs), which occur in approximately 8% of children within 20 years of diagnosis of a malignancy. These secondary cancers may result (individually or in combination) from increased genetic susceptibility, the mutagenic effects of chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy, or chance. Whereas the development of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) as an SMN is a well-recognized phenomenon, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has been infrequently described as an SMN in either adults or children. PATIENTS AND METHODS We report three patients treated at our institution in whom ALL developed as an SMN after treatment for neuroblastoma, Wilms' tumor, and Hodgkin's disease. These cases prompted us to review the published literature for cases of secondary ALL in childhood. Patients whose initial malignancy was diagnosed at age less than 16 years were classified as pediatric patients. SMNs were defined as cancers of clearly distinct histologic type occurring 6 or more months after diagnosis of the first malignant neoplasm. RESULTS Including the three index cases, a total of 18 children with secondary ALL are reviewed, and the clinical features are discussed and compared with those of secondary ANLL. CONCLUSIONS This review summarizes the published case histories of secondary ALL. The data suggest that ALL represents approximately 5% to 10% of the cases of acute leukemia that arise as SMNs in both adults and children.
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Haecker, Frank-Martin, and Elisabeth Bruder. "Bladder Neoplasia in Pediatric Patients—A Single-Center Experience Including a Case Series." Children 10, no. 10 (September 25, 2023): 1596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10101596.
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Objective: Bladder lesions like urothelial carcinoma are rare in the first two decades of life. A biopsy of the bladder or urinary cytological examination is seldom required. Gross painless hematuria is the most relevant clinical syndrome. Methods: A retrospective analysis of surgical pathology records collected between 1984 and 2014 at our institution was performed in a search for cases of urothelial neoplasms originating within the urinary bladder in pediatric patients. Diagnoses were confirmed based on pathologic examination using the 2004 World Health Organization (WHO) classification system. We selected keywords such as bladder neoplasia, bladder lesion, urothelial neoplasia, rhabdomyosarcoma, and children. In addition, we describe clinical presentation and diagnostic procedures as well as treatment and follow-up of two patients. A review of the literature was performed to analyze recommendations concerning diagnostic staging, treatment, and follow-up examinations as well as surveillance of urothelial tumors in the pediatric population. Results: Screening the pathology database of the Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology of the University Hospital Basel between 1988 and 2014 yielded 287 samples involving the urinary bladder, 110 autopsies, 135 biopsies, and 42 cytology specimens. Of these, most samples originated from malformations and inflammation. Only five were tumors: two were urothelial tumors and three were rhabdomyosarcomas. The majority of specimens comprised resections of the diverticula or distal ureter. Our case reports include two patients with a urothelial tumor. Among the urothelial tumors, one was a papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP). Painless hematuria was the directing clinical symptom. The tumor was investigated by FISH, and a 9p21 deletion was found. The second tumor-like lesion was a fibroepithelial polyp arising from the bladder neck. Conclusions: Bladder tumors in children are rare and mostly consist of urothelial and mesenchymal neoplasms. Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common malignant bladder tumor in childhood. Similar to adult urothelial neoplasms, the loss of 9p21 is also implicated in urothelial neoplasms in childhood. Despite an increasing number of case reports and small series published within the last 2 decades, general treatment protocols including recommendations for staging, tumor markers, and follow-up examinations are still not yet available for this tumor entity in the pediatric population.
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Onuora, Sarah. "Biologics and risk of second malignant neoplasm." Nature Reviews Rheumatology 14, no. 2 (December 21, 2017): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrrheum.2017.209.
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Takaue, Yoichi. "Second Malignant Neoplasm in Treated Hodgkin's Disease." American Journal of Diseases of Children 140, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.1986.02140150051032.
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Phalak, Pooja Ashok, and Annie Jojo. "Morphological Spectrum Of Vascular Neoplasms: A Histopathological Study In A Tertiary Care Center In South India." Annals of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine 10, no. 5 (August 27, 2023): A38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apalm.3205.
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Background
Vascular neoplasms can be benign asymptomatic, locally aggressive, or highly malignant. It is important to subclassify them as it strongly influences the treatment and prognosis. However, only a few case series are published now. Hence in this study, we aim to classify vascular neoplasms into various categories and to find their relationship with age, sex, and location.
Methods
A retrospective analysis of vascular neoplasms from 2013-2018 in the department of pathology at Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences (AIMS), Kochi was done.
Results
A total of 221 vascular neoplasms were identified and were subclassified into benign-186(84.2%), intermediate-4(1.8%), and malignant-31(14%) according to World Health Organization (WHO) classification. The majority of the benign tumors were various types of hemangiomas-153(82.2%) and were common in young adult females. The commonest site of occurrence was head and neck, followed by soft tissue. The majority of malignant neoplasms were angiosarcomas-26(84%) and were more common in elderly females. Skin and soft tissue, followed by breast were the frequently involved sites. The second malignant neoplasm was epithelioid hemangioendothelioma-5(16%) which was common in the head and neck. Other rare types of hemangioendothelioma were included in the intermediate category.
Conclusion
The commonest benign vascular tumor is hemangioma, which occurs mostly in adult females in the head and neck region. The commonest malignant vascular tumor is angiosarcoma which occurs in elderly females in the skin and soft tissue and has a poor prognosis
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Indelicato, Daniel, Kathryn Tringale, Julie Bradley, Raymond Mailhot Vega, Christopher Morris, Dana Casey, and Suzanne Wolden. "RONC-03. Secondary Neoplasms in Children with Central Nervous System (CNS) Tumors Following Radiotherapy in the Modern Era." Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_1 (June 1, 2022): i176—i177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac079.657.
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Abstract PURPOSE: To assess reduction of secondary radiation-induced neoplasms over the past two decades, focusing on children with CNS tumors who received intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) or proton therapy (PT). METHODS: A total of 1044 children received radiotherapy for a primary CNS tumor at 2 institutions between 1999 and 2020, including 99 treated with IMRT and 945 treated with PT. Median age was 8.7 years old. Median follow-up was 6.0 years and included 83 and 510 patients with >5 years follow-up in the IMRT and proton cohorts, respectively. Cumulative incidence method provided estimates of secondary neoplasms encompassing benign and malignant solid tumors as well as leukemia. Multiple variables were assessed using proportional hazard regression for competing risks. RESULTS: Ten-year overall survival was 87.4%. Patients treated with IMRT were significantly older, with a median age of 10.4 vs 8.4 years old (p <0.001), but were more likely to receive craniospinal irradiation (31.3% vs 14.2%, p <0.001) or alkylating chemotherapy (50.5% vs 29.7%, p <0.001). The 5- and 10-year cumulative incidence of second neoplasm was 0.7% and 2.3%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, age <5 (4.9% vs 0.7% at 10 years) and tumor predisposition syndrome (34.3% vs 1.5% at 10 years) were significantly associated with a second neoplasm (p < 0.01 for each). On both univariate and multivariate analyses, PT was not associated with a lower incidence of second neoplasm. Following IMRT, 1/2 second solid tumors occurred outside the target volume, compared to 2/11 after PT. CONCLUSION: Following modern radiotherapy, approximately 2% of children with a CNS tumor will develop a second neoplasm within 10 years of treatment. Compared to IMRT, PT was not associated with an overall reduction in second neoplasms. More events and follow-up beyond 10 years are needed to determine if proton therapy reduces the incidence of second solid tumors occurring specifically in the low dose region.
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Barretina Ginesta, Maria Pilar, Miguel Beltran, Maria Buxo, Nuria Sala, Neus Baste, Silvia Munoz, Loreto Vilardell, Joan Brunet, Rafael Marcos, and Angel Izquierdo. "Second primary gynecologic neoplasms among breast cancer survivors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): 1588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.1588.
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1588 Background: Excess of risk of several second primary malignancies after treatment for breast cancer (BC) has been reported. This risk can be related with shared risk factors, cancer susceptibility genes or prior treatments received. Hormonal factors and hormone therapy are known to be risk factors for both BC and some gynecological malignancies. The aim of this study was to asses gynecological cancer risk as a second neoplasm among BC patients in our population. Methods: Patients diagnosed with invasive BC (CIE10: C50.0-C50.9) and registered in the Girona Cancer Registry from 1980 to 2006 were included in our study. We analyzed their incidence of second gynaecological malignancies except for contralateral BC. Standardized Incidence Ratios (SIR) and absolute excess of risk (AER) of these patients compared to general population were calculated. Results: 6.209 patients were diagnosed of invasive BC in this period, with median age at diagnosis 62 years, median follow-up 4 years. 84 of them developed a second malignancy of gynaecological origin (SIR 1,98 CI 95% 1,59-2,44; AER 104,01/100.000 person-year). We observed 4 uterine cervix (SIR 0.64 IC95% 0,20-1,54), 3 vulvar-vaginal (SIR 0,96 IC95% 0,24-2,60), 13 ovarian (SIR 1,13 IC95% 0,63-1,89) and 63 uterine corpus neoplasms (UC), as well as 1 genital female tract neoplasm unspecified. High and statistically significant SIR was observed for gynecological malignancies in general and specifically for UC(SIR 3.14 IC 95% 2,44-4,00). With this finding, histology of UC cases was reviewed. 12 out of 63 were malignant histologies, not otherwise specified. Among the remaining 51, there were 8 type II (1 clear cell and 7 serous adenocarcinoma, 15.7%), 34 type I (endometrioid adenocarcinoma, 66.7%) and 6 carcinosarcomas (11.8%). There were also 2 adenosarcomas (3.9%) and 1 mucinous adenocarcinoma (1.9%). Conclusions: Women with previous BC have an elevated risk of developing a second primary gynecological malignancy compared with general population, particularly for UC. These patients should be followed up for its early detection. We detected a slight increase in unfavourable uterine carcinoma histologies respect to the general population. Further investigation of this finding is warranted.
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Spunt, S. L., J. A. Harper, M. J. Krasin, C. A. Billups, and C. Rodriguez-Galindo. "Ewing sarcoma family tumors (ESFT) as second malignant neoplasms (SMN) following treatment of a primary malignant neoplasm (PMN) during childhood." Journal of Clinical Oncology 22, no. 14_suppl (July 15, 2004): 8539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.8539.
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Spunt, S. L., J. A. Harper, M. J. Krasin, C. A. Billups, and C. Rodriguez-Galindo. "Ewing sarcoma family tumors (ESFT) as second malignant neoplasms (SMN) following treatment of a primary malignant neoplasm (PMN) during childhood." Journal of Clinical Oncology 22, no. 14_suppl (July 15, 2004): 8539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2004.22.14_suppl.8539.
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Armata, Jerzy, and Walentyna Balwierz. "Prognosis in Childhood Second Malignant Neoplasms." Leukemia & Lymphoma 7, no. 4 (January 1992): 341–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10428199209049788.
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Pradhan, S., A. Kharel, PJ Lakhey, and KP Singh. "Synchronous dual primary gastric and colon cancer- an uncommon entity." Journal of Institute of Medicine Nepal 38, no. 2&3 (December 31, 2016): 129–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.59779/jiomnepal.976.
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AbstractAbstract The incidence of multiple primary malignant neoplasms is said to increase with age and the occurrence of a second malignancy in a patient with a known malignant tumor are not uncommon. They are being encountered mainly because of an improvement in diagnostic techniques and prolonged survival of patients treated for malignancy. However this phenomenon is still considered to be rare. Herein, we present a case of synchronous gastric and ascending colon cancer treated in our centre
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See, Sharlene C., Nitin R. Wadhwani, Kai Lee Yap, and Nicoleta C. Arva. "Primary Biphasic Hepatic Sarcoma in DICER1 Syndrome." Pediatric and Developmental Pathology 24, no. 5 (April 19, 2021): 484–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10935266211008443.
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DICER1 tumor predisposition syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that predisposes individuals to multiple benign and malignant neoplasms. The phenotype is vast and includes pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB), thyroid nodules, cystic nephroma, Wilms tumor, ovarian Sertoli–Leydig cell tumor, and medulloepithelioma, among others. Herein, we describe a patient with a DICER1 germline pathogenic variant presenting with two neoplasms that are not commonly encountered in the context of DICER1 syndrome. The first tumor is a multiloculated cystic hepatic lesion with a biphasic pattern, composed of cysts lined by bland biliary type (CK19-positive) epithelium surrounded by a condensation of sarcomatous spindled cell proliferation in a myxoid stroma. This neoplasm resembled PPB or cystic nephroma with malignant transformation. The second tumor is a chest nodule consistent with low-grade hidradenocarcinoma. Although it is difficult to speculate with just a single case, these unusual neoplasms occurring in particular at a young age raises the possibility that they can be inherent to, and thus, be part of the DICER1 tumor predisposition syndrome phenotype.
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Shavkatovna, Shakhanova Shakhnoza, and Nodir Mahammatkulovich Rakhimov. "Morphological Verification Of Malignant Neoplasm Of The Urinary System With Multiple Bone Metastases." American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research 03, no. 06 (June 10, 2021): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajmspr/volume03issue06-23.
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In metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), bone is the second most common site of metastases, occurring in one third of patients. Most bone metastases are found in the sacrum, pelvis, spine and proximal limbs. In addition, the majority of bone metastases are osteolytic with elements of destruction; mixed metastases also occur. This predisposes patients to skeletal events such as pathological fracture, spinal cord compression, which implies the prescription of radiation therapy or bone surgery.
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Suarez, Carlos R., Salvatore J. Bertolone, Ashok B. Raj, and Susan Coventry. "Second malignant neoplasms in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the chest wall with germline p53 mutation as a second malignant neoplasm." American Journal of Hematology 76, no. 1 (2004): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajh.20012.
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Berth-Jones, J., A. Fletcher, and R. Graham-Brown. "Cutaneous malignant fibrous histiocytoma. A rare but serious malignancy." Acta Dermato-Venereologica 70, no. 3 (May 1, 1990): 254–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/0001555570254256.
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We report 3 cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma occurring as primary neoplasms of the skin. The first case developed in a leg ulcer of traumatic origin. The second developed on the lower lip at the site of a squamous cell carcinoma which had been treated by radiotherapy. The third arose on a calf at a site of previous surgery. The literature on this malignancy is reviewed, with emphasis on cutaneous involvement.
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Armstrong, Gregory T., Wei Liu, Wendy Leisenring, Yutaka Yasui, Sue Hammond, Smita Bhatia, Joseph P. Neglia, Marilyn Stovall, Deokumar Srivastava, and Leslie L. Robison. "Occurrence of Multiple Subsequent Neoplasms in Long-Term Survivors of Childhood Cancer: A Report From the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 22 (August 1, 2011): 3056–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.34.6585.
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Purpose Childhood cancer survivors experience an increased incidence of subsequent neoplasms (SNs). Those surviving the first SN (SN1) remain at risk to develop multiple SNs. Because SNs are a common cause of late morbidity and mortality, characterization of rates of multiple SNs is needed. Patients and Methods In a total of 14,358 5-year survivors of childhood cancer diagnosed between 1970 and 1986, analyses were carried out among 1,382 survivors with an SN1. Cumulative incidence of second subsequent neoplasm (SN2), either malignant or benign, was calculated. Results A total of 1,382 survivors (9.6%) developed SN1, of whom 386 (27.9%) developed SN2. Of those with SN2, 153 (39.6%) developed more than two SNs. Cumulative incidence of SN2 was 46.9% (95% CI, 41.6% to 52.2%) at 20 years after SN1. The cumulative incidence of SN2 among radiation-exposed survivors was 41.3% (95% CI, 37.2% to 45.4%) at 15 years compared with 25.7% (95% CI, 16.5% to 34.9%) for those not treated with radiation. Radiation-exposed survivors who developed an SN1 of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) had a cumulative incidence of subsequent malignant neoplasm (SMN; ie, malignancies excluding NMSC) of 20.3% (95% CI, 13.0% to 27.6%) at 15 years compared with only 10.7% (95% CI, 7.2% to 14.2%) for those who were exposed to radiation and whose SN1 was an invasive SMN (excluding NMSC). Conclusion Multiple SNs are common among aging survivors of childhood cancer. SN1 of NMSC identifies a population at high risk for invasive SMN. Survivors not exposed to radiation who develop multiple SNs represent a population of interest for studying genetic susceptibility to neoplasia.
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Tsoukalas, N., M. Kiakou, M. Tolia, M. Galanopoulos, K. Tsapakidis, E. Arvanitou, N. Charalambakis, V. Tountziaris, M. Nikolaou, and Ch Christofyllakis. "SYNCHRONOUS DIAGNOSIS OF TESTICULAR AND THYROID CANCER IN A YOUNG MALE." Experimental Oncology 45, no. 2 (October 11, 2023): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/exp-oncology.2023.02.263.
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Testicular cancer is the most common neoplasm in young males. The early diagnosis and the appropriate treatment make it a curable malignancy in over 90% of the patients, but 6% of the patients with testicular cancer develop a second, mostly treatment-related, malignancy in another primary site many years after the first diagnosis. The simultaneous appearance of a testicular tumor with another primary neoplasm is rarely described in the literature. Here is presented an interesting case of a coexisting non-seminomatous germ cell testicular tumor with a papillary thyroid carcinoma, which was detected early during post-treatment restaging of the testicular tumor. The synchronous presence of these two neoplasms might indicate a probable common pathogenetic background. As treatment-related oncogenesis is highly improbable in this case and the common environmental factors are not known yet, the interest is focused on genetic predisposition. Recent discoveries in molecular genetics show that the two neoplasms share common genetic alterations in the RAS and BRAF genes, which affect the significant signaling pathways. Interestingly, BRAF-V600E was positive in both primary malignancies in our individual.
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Bhatia, Smita, Harland N. Sather, Olga B. Pabustan, Michael E. Trigg, Paul S. Gaynon, and Leslie L. Robison. "Low incidence of second neoplasms among children diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia after 1983." Blood 99, no. 12 (June 15, 2002): 4257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v99.12.4257.
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Second malignant neoplasms are a serious complication after successful treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). With improvement in survival, it is important to assess the impact of contemporary risk-based therapies on second neoplasms in ALL survivors. A cohort of 8831 children diagnosed with ALL and enrolled on Children's Cancer Group therapeutic protocols between 1983 and 1995 were observed to determine the incidence of second neoplasms and associated risk factors. The median age at diagnosis of ALL was 4.7 years. The cohort had accrued 54 883 person-years of follow-up. Sixty-three patients developed second neoplasms, including solid, nonhematopoietic tumors (n = 39: brain tumors n = 19, other solid tumors n = 20), myeloid leukemia or myelodysplasia (n = 16), and lymphoma (n = 8). The cumulative incidence of any second neoplasm was 1.18% at 10 years (95% confidence interval, 0.8%-1.5%), representing a 7.2-fold increased risk compared with the general population. The risk was increased significantly for acute myeloid leukemia (standardized incidence ratio [SIR] 52.3), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (SIR 8.3), parotid gland tumors (SIR 33.4), thyroid cancer (SIR 13.3), brain tumors (SIR 10.1), and soft tissue sarcoma (SIR 9.1). Multivariate analysis revealed female sex (relative risk [RR] 1.8), radiation to the craniospinal axis (RR 1.6), and relapse of primary disease (RR 3.5) to be independently associated with increased risk of all second neoplasms. Risk of second neoplasms increased with radiation dose (1800 cGy RR 1.5; 2400 cGy RR 3.9). Actuarial survival at 10 years from diagnosis of second neoplasms was 39%. Follow-up of this large cohort that was treated with contemporary risk-based therapy showed that the incidence of second neoplasms remains low after diagnosis of childhood ALL.
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Koletsky, A. J., J. R. Bertino, L. R. Farber, L. R. Prosnitz, D. S. Kapp, D. Fischer, and C. S. Portlock. "Second neoplasms in patients with Hodgkin's disease following combined modality therapy--the Yale experience." Journal of Clinical Oncology 4, no. 3 (March 1986): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1986.4.3.311.
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From 1969 to 1982, 183 patients with previously untreated stages IIIB and IV Hodgkin's disease and relapsing Hodgkin's disease after radiation therapy were treated with combination chemotherapy plus low-dose irradiation (CRT). One hundred fifty patients who achieved a complete response (CR) were analyzed for risk of developing a second neoplasm. Median follow-up has been 8.3 years. Actuarial survival of all patients is 74% at 10 years with a relapse-free survival of 68%. An additional 24 patients with stage IIIA disease were also treated with CRT. There were 22 CRs at risk who were analyzed. Median follow-up has been 3+ years with an actuarial survival of 90% at five years and a relapse-free survival of 83%. Second neoplasms have developed in 14 of 172 patients at risk: acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL; five patients); aggressive histology non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL; three patients); and a variety of solid neoplasms (six patients). Time to second neoplasm diagnosis after initial treatment ranged from 12 to 141 months. Five patients were older than 40 years. At the time of diagnosis of the second malignancy, 11 patients were free of Hodgkin's disease (for 36 to 141 months) and three were receiving therapy for recurrent Hodgkin's disease. The 10-year actuarial risk (%) of developing ANLL was 5.9 +/- 2.8; for NHL, the risk was 3.5 +/- 2.4, and for solid neoplasms, 5.8 +/- 3.0. Our results suggest that combination chemotherapy plus low-dose irradiation does not appear to significantly increase the risk of developing second neoplasms above that already reported for combination chemotherapy when administered as either initial or salvage treatment of Hodgkin's disease.
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Fazeli, Fateme, Emad Asgari Jafarabadi, Amir Hossein Zardast, Marjan Joodi, and Ghodsiyeh Azarkar. "Solid Pseudopapillary Tumor of Pancreas in a 14-year-old Adolescent Presenting With Melena: A Case Report." Journal of Pediatrics Review 11, no. 3 (July 1, 2023): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jpr.11.3.1063.1.
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Background: The incidence of pancreatic neoplasms in infants and children is 1.8 cases per 1000000. Three of children’s most common primary pancreatic neoplasms are pancreatoblastoma, solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas, and pancreatic endocrine neoplasms. Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas is a low-grade malignant tumor. Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm in children is presented with a palpable mass (60%), followed by abdominal pain (33.3%). Although duodenal invasion frequently occurs in patients with pancreatic cancer, massive gastrointestinal bleeding is seldom encountered. The most helpful imaging technique is the CT scan. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice for solid pseudopapillary neoplasms. Case Presentations: A 14 years old male adolescent was presented to our pediatric emergency department with fatigue, dizziness, fever, vomiting, and tachycardia. He had melena 5 days before admission. Crystalloids, pantoprazole, and packed red blood cells were administered to stabilize the patient. As the initial resuscitation measures stabilized the patient, endoscopic gastroduodenoscopy was performed, and a vascular lesion measuring 60×70 mm was noted in the second part of the duodenum. CT scan of the abdomen with intravenous and oral contrast showed a mass with solid and cystic components measuring 75×52 mm between the head of the pancreas and gallbladder origination from the head of the pancreas. The patient underwent Whipple surgery. The diagnosis of the pathologic evaluation was a solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas. Conclusions: Most pediatric pseudopapillary tumors of the pancreas present with a palpable mass and abdominal pain, and gastrointestinal bleeding is a rare presentation not mentioned in previous case reports.
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P. S., Sreejith, Kiran Urabinahatti, Arunkumar A., A. Amudhan, and Jeswanth S. "Papillary neoplasms of biliary tract-a histopathological surprise." International Surgery Journal 10, no. 11 (October 27, 2023): 1837–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20233352.
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Papillary neoplasms of the biliary tract is a relatively new entity which most often comes as a histological surprise. They are often diagnosed as malignancies and are treated like that. But the prognosis is better when compared to malignancy itself. Here we reported two cases of papillary neoplasms of the biliary tract. First case was a 50 year old male who was evaluated for obstructive jaundice and on evaluation found to be type 3b hilar cholangiocarcinoma and underwent left hepatectomy with extra hepatic bile duct resection and portal lymphadenectomy. Histo-pathological report was intra-ductal papillary neoplasm - biliary type (IPN B). Second case was an incidental finding of arterial enhancing lesion in the gallbladder wall on CT scan, which was done for the evaluation of bicytopenia. This also was reported as malignancybin pre-operative imaging and hence underwent anticipated extended cholecystectomy with wedge resection of 2 cm adjacent hepatic parenchyma. Again histopathology revealed it as intra-cholecystic papillary neoplasm with focal dysplasia. Both cases were followed up for more than one and half years and showed no evidence of recurrence, hence pointing towards better prognosis. Papillary neoplasms are difficult to diagnose preoperatively and are often treated with oncological resections but they carry a better prognosis when compared with their malignancy counterparts.
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Bechler, J. R., W. W. Robertson, A. T. Meadows, and R. B. Womer. "Osteosarcoma as a second malignant neoplasm in children." Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery 74, no. 7 (August 1992): 1079–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/00004623-199274070-00015.
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Torres, L. N., J. M. Matera, C. H. Vasconcellos, J. L. Avanzo, F. J. Hernandez-Blazquez, and M. L. Z. Dagli. "Expression of Connexins 26 and 43 in Canine Hyperplastic and Neoplastic Mammary Glands." Veterinary Pathology 42, no. 5 (September 2005): 633–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1354/vp.42-5-633.
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Gap junctions are the only communicating junctions found in animal tissues and are composed of proteins known as connexins. Alterations in connexin expression have been associated with oncogenesis; reported studies in rodent and human mammary glands, which normally express connexins 26 and 43, confirm these alterations in malignancies. Mammary neoplasms represent the second most frequent neoplasm in dogs, and since there are no reports on the study of connexins in canine mammary glands, the present study investigated the expression of connexins 26 and 43 in normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic mammary glands of this species, to verify if altered patterns of connexin staining are related to higher cell proliferation and malignant phenotypes. A total of 4 normal, 8 hyperplastic mammary glands, 9 benign, and 51 malignant mammary gland neoplasms were submitted for the immunostaining of connexins 26 and 43, E-cadherin, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Normal, hyperplastic, and benign neoplastic mammary glands showed a punctate pattern for connexin 26 and 43 staining and an intercellular E-cadherin staining. Malignant neoplasms, especially the most aggressive cases with high cell proliferation rates, presented either fewer gap junction spots on the cell membranes or increased cytoplasmic immunostaining. Malignant tumors also expressed a less intense immunostaining of E-cadherin; the expression of this adhesion molecule is important for the transportation of connexins to cell membranes and in forming communicating gap junctions. Deficient expression of E-cadherin could be related to the aberrant connexin localization and may contribute to the malignant phenotype. In conclusion, the expression and distribution of connexins and E-cadherin are inversely correlated to cell proliferation in malignant mammary neoplasms of dogs and may well be related to their more aggressive histologic type and biologic behavior.
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Layfield, Lester J. "Grey zones in respiratory cytology: Atypical or suspicious for malignancy and neoplasms of unknown malignant potential." Cytojournal 20 (October 9, 2023): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/cytojournal_27_2023.
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The purpose of pulmonary cytology is two-fold. First, to establish whether a pulmonary nodule is benign or malignant. Second, pulmonary cytology should classify the type of pathologic process present. When a pulmonary nodule is characterized as malignant, it is of high importance to further classify the malignancy as to type, with non-small cell carcinomas being sub-divided into adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and other types of non-small cell carcinoma. The World Health Organization Reporting System for Lung Cytopathology (WHORSLC) provides an important framework for reporting and classifying material obtained by cytologic techniques, including sputum analysis, bronchial brushings, bronchial washings, and fine-needle aspiration. The system contains five categories for specimen reporting. Clinicians prefer definitive diagnoses separating specimens into definitively benign or definitively malignant categories. The WHORSLC recognizes that it is not invariably possible for cytopathologists to separate specimens into definitively benign or definitively malignant categories. The five categories of the WHORSLC recognize the spectrum of cytologic changes running from clearly benign to clearly malignant, which cytopathologists must place into diagnostically useful and reproduceable categories. The intermediate categories of “atypical” and “suspicious for malignancy” provide structured categories with stringent definitions, estimated malignancy risks, and suggested management and follow-up recommendations. In this way, the categories “atypical” and “suspicious for malignancy” aid in maintaining the high diagnostic accuracy of the “benign” and “malignant” categories.
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González, Iván A., Douglas R. Stewart, Kris Ann P. Schultz, Amanda P. Field, D. Ashley Hill, and Louis P. Dehner. "DICER1 tumor predisposition syndrome: an evolving story initiated with the pleuropulmonary blastoma." Modern Pathology 35, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 4–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41379-021-00905-8.
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AbstractDICER1 syndrome (OMIM 606241, 601200) is a rare autosomal dominant familial tumor predisposition disorder with a heterozygous DICER1 germline mutation. The most common tumor seen clinically is the pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB), a lung neoplasm of early childhood which is classified on its morphologic features into four types (IR, I, II and III) with tumor progression over time within the first 4–5 years of life from the prognostically favorable cystic type I to the unfavorable solid type III. Following the initial report of PPB, its association with other cystic neoplasms was demonstrated in family studies. The detection of the germline mutation in DICER1 provided the opportunity to identify and continue to recognize a number seemingly unrelated extrapulmonary neoplasms: Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor, gynandroblastoma, embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas of the cervix and other sites, multinodular goiter, differentiated and poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma, cervical-thyroid teratoma, cystic nephroma-anaplastic sarcoma of kidney, nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma, intestinal juvenile-like hamartomatous polyp, ciliary body medulloepithelioma, pituitary blastoma, pineoblastoma, primary central nervous system sarcoma, embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes-like cerebellar tumor, PPB-like peritoneal sarcoma, DICER1-associated presacral malignant teratoid neoplasm and other non-neoplastic associations. Each of these neoplasms is characterized by a second somatic mutation in DICER1. In this review, we have summarized the salient clinicopathologic aspects of these tumors whose histopathologic features have several overlapping morphologic attributes particularly the primitive mesenchyme often with rhabdomyoblastic and chondroid differentiation and an uncommitted spindle cell pattern. Several of these tumors have an initial cystic stage from which there is progression to a high grade, complex patterned neoplasm. These pathologic findings in the appropriate clinical setting should serve to alert the pathologist to the possibility of a DICER1-associated neoplasm and initiate appropriate testing on the neoplasm and to alert the clinician about the concern for a DICER1 mutation.
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Iannitto, Emilio, Stefano De Cantis, Viviana Minardi, Vincenzo Callea, Giuseppina Calvaruso, Antonino Mulè, Emanuele Ammatuna, et al. "Assessment of the Frequency of Additional Malignancies in Patients with Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma (SMZL)." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 4536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.4536.4536.
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Abstract Splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) is an indolent neoplasm, mostly occurring in the elderly, with a median survival time exceeding 10 years. The incidence of secondary cancer and late complications related to therapy have not been investigated. To assess the frequency of additional neoplasms in a series of consecutive SMZL patients and to estimate the corresponding risk of second cancers compared with that of the general population. we investigated the incidence of additional cancers in 129 patients diagnosed with SMZL in three italian hematological centers. With a median follow-up time of 33.2 months, twelve additional invasive cancers were recorded (9.3%). The 3 and 5-year cumulative incidence rates of second malignancy were 5.7% and 19.4%, respectively. Five more patients (3.8%) had a diagnosis of malignant epithelial tumor prior to that of SMZL. The incidence of second malignancies was slightly, but significantly, higher than the expected incidence rate. The Observed-to-Expected ratio (O/E) was 12/5.92=2.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05 to 3.56; p <0.05. Of the twelve second malignancies observed, four were urologic neoplasms ( O/E=4/1,08=3.70 (95% CI:1.01 to 9.48; p <0.05), four were lung cancers (O/E=4/0.44365=9.16; 95% CI: 1.41 to 13.25; p <0.05) and the other four diagnosis were of hepatic carcinoma (1), endometrial cancer (1), breast cancer (1), and colo-rectal cancer (1). Our findings evidence an increased frequency of additional neoplasms in patients with SMZL and suggest that this figure is significantly different than that expected in the general population. The incidence of cases with urinary tract and lung malignancies in our series is higher than expected. Although confirmatory data are needed, in our opinion SMZL patients are at risk of secondary maligancies and should be carefully investigated at diagnosis and monitored during the follow-up.
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Nakajima, Takahiko, Haruo Yagi, Hayato Baba, Takashi Minamisaka, Shigeharu Miwa, Shinichi Hayashi, Takeshi Nishida, Hideki Hatta, Koichi Tsuneyama, and Johji Imura. "Complete Resolution of Pseudomalignant Erosion in a Reflux Gastroesophageal Polyp with Proton Pump Inhibitor." Case Reports in Pathology 2015 (2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/657059.
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Pseudomalignant erosion is a diagnostic pitfall for pathologists in the differential diagnosis of malignant neoplasms. Here, we present a challenging case of a biopsy specimen from the eroded head of a polyp at the esophagogastric junction. A malignant neoplasm could not be ruled out due to the presence of bizarre stromal cells. A second biopsy performed after the administration of a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) for 4 weeks revealed endoscopic resolution of the polyp along with the complete histological resolution of the bizarre stromal cells and led to the diagnosis of pseudomalignant erosion in a reflux gastroesophageal polyp. In conclusion, histological and endoscopic response to PPI therapy is an important clue for the correct diagnosis of reflux gastroesophageal polyps with pseudomalignant erosion.