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Journal articles on the topic 'Secondary ageing'

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Secondary ageing.

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Massazza, M., G. Riontino, A. Dupasquier, R. Ferragut, A. Somoza, and P. Folegati. "Secondary ageing in Al-Cu-Mg." Philosophical Magazine Letters 82, no. 9 (September 2002): 495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500830210153896.

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2

Zhang, Xingpu, Meng Liu, Jiangwei Wang, Jixue Li, and John Banhart. "Combined effect of Sn addition and pre-ageing on natural secondary and artificial ageing of Al–Mg–Si alloys." Journal of Materials Science 57, no. 3 (January 2022): 2149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-021-06654-y.

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AbstractBoth Sn addition and pre-ageing are known to be effective in maintaining the artificial ageing potential after natural ageing of Al–Mg–Si alloys. In this study, the combined effects of Sn addition and pre-ageing at 100 °C or 180 °C on natural secondary ageing and subsequent artificial ageing of an alloy AA6014 were investigated using hardness, electrical resistivity, differential scanning calorimetry and transmission electron microscopy characterizations. It is found that pre-ageing can suppress natural secondary ageing and improve the artificial ageing hardening kinetics and response after 1 week of natural secondary ageing in both alloys with and without Sn addition. The effect of pre-ageing at 100 °C is more pronounced in the Sn-free alloy while the combination of pre-ageing at 180 °C and adding Sn shows superiority in suppressing natural secondary ageing and thus avoiding the undesired hardening before artificial ageing. Moreover, when natural ageing steps up to 8 h are applied before pre-ageing at 100 °C, the effect of pre-ageing in Sn-added alloy can be further improved. The influence of Sn on vacancies at different ageing temperatures is discussed to explain the observed phenomena. Graphical abstract

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3

Buha, J., R. N. Lumley, and A. G. Crosky. "Secondary ageing in an aluminium alloy 7050." Materials Science and Engineering: A 492, no. 1-2 (September 2008): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2008.02.039.

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4

Yin, M., D. D. Risanti, Jiang Hua Chen, and Sybrand van der Zwaag. "A TEP Study on the Microstructural Development in AA2024 during Interrupted Ageing." Advanced Materials Research 89-91 (January 2010): 669–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.89-91.669.

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This work utilizes thermoelectric power (TEP) measurement to track secondary precipitation during the interrupted ageing cycle for AA2024 alloys as well as the subsequent re-ageing cycle. Clear evidences of secondary precipitation were observed which affect the further precipitation sequence during re-ageing. The TEM results confirm that S and S” phases co-exist upon re-ageing.

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5

SCOTT, THEA, VICTOR MINICHIELLO, and COLETTE BROWNING. "Secondary school students' knowledge of and attitudes towards older people: does an education intervention programme make a difference?" Ageing and Society 18, no. 2 (March 1998): 167–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x98006874.

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It is now increasingly recognised that if we are to combat ageism the attitudes and knowledge of young people need to be more positively constructed so that they do not hold stereotypic views of ageing. This study evaluates the impact of an educational intervention programme on the attitudes and knowledge of students aged 17–18 years from six secondary schools in Melbourne, Australia. Using Palmore's Facts on Aging Quiz to assess knowledge about and attitudes towards ageing in a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test design, the results reveal that, in general, students hold low knowledge about older people and negative attitudes about ageing. However, the pre-test mean knowledge scores differed significantly between male and female students and across the various schools, and students who had greater contact with grandparents possessed slightly more knowledge. The post-test results show that the intervention education programme was not successful in raising the student's level of knowledge. The results also show that, in general, the students hold negative attitudes towards older people and that there was little change in their attitudes following the intervention programme. The paper discusses the implications of these results regarding curriculum development in education programmes on ageing intended for young people.

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6

Peacock, L. E., and F. Wright. "Serotonin syndrome secondary to tramadol and citalopram." Age and Ageing 40, no. 4 (March 16, 2011): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afr017.

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7

Hannink, R. H. J., O. Schmidt, and J. R. Griffiths. "Subeutectoid Ageing of Secondary Precipitates in Mg-PSZ." Key Engineering Materials 53-55 (January 1991): 738–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.53-55.738.

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8

Sánchez-Román, María, Gadea Autric-Tamayo, Gloria Fernandez-Mayoralas, Fermina Rojo-Perez, María Silveria Agulló-Tomás, Diego Sánchez-González, and Vicente Rodriguez-Rodriguez. "Social Image of Old Age, Gendered Ageism and Inclusive Places: Older People in the Media." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24 (December 18, 2022): 17031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192417031.

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Ageism promotes the exclusion of older people from society by generating a negative image that they also internalize. The aim of this article is to investigate older people’s social self-image, through statements broadcast on a national Spanish radio program aimed at this group. A qualitative analysis was conducted for a random sample from the sound archive for the Radio Nacional de España program Juntos Paso a Paso (Together, Step by Step) (2008–2021), using codes based on the pillars and determinants of active ageing and the three dimensions of ageism. Intercoder agreement was calculated. There were significant findings regarding ageism, gendered ageism and ageing in place, with differences according to size of municipal area. The program in question can be considered a viable secondary source for the research aim. Ageism is most commonly manifested through implicit opinions and invisibilization in family and social contexts. Care activities play a notably central role in responses related to gendered ageism. In relation to ageing in place, older people prefer their habitual environment when they have moderate care needs and accept moves to nursing homes when their needs increase.

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9

McFeely, Aoife, Rachael Doyle, Sean O’Riordan, Sean Connolly, and Clodagh O’Dwyer. "Severe brachial plexopathy secondary to shingles (herpes zoster)." Age and Ageing 50, no. 3 (March 26, 2021): 1001–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afab055.

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Abstract Varicella zoster reactivation (“shingles” or “herpes zoster”) usually presents as a self-limiting, unilateral, dermatomal vesicular rash in older adults. We present the case of a 73 year-old woman with unilateral brachial plexopathy, an unusual but debilitating complication of shingles. Despite treatment with intravenous acyclovir and immunoglobulin she had a marked residual motor paresis that required an upper limb rehabilitation program after discharge.

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10

Bodard, Quentin, Frederic Roca, Baptiste Dilly, Druesne Laurent, and Philippe Chassagne. "Acute cardiac failure secondary to senile systemic amyloidosis." Age and Ageing 45, no. 6 (April 21, 2016): 908–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afw073.

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11

O’Keeffe, Shaun T. "Secondary causes of restless legs syndrome in older people." Age and Ageing 34, no. 4 (May 10, 2005): 349–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afi066.

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12

Rajkumar, C., J. T. Timeyin, K. M. Ali, and S. T. Parker. "SS8.02: Implementing ageing research in primary and secondary care: The UK Ageing Research Network Model." European Geriatric Medicine 5 (September 2014): S39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1878-7649(14)70076-2.

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13

Lumley, Roger N., Ian J. Polmear, and A. J. Morton. "Development of Properties during Secondary Ageing of Aluminium Alloys." Materials Science Forum 426-432 (August 2003): 303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.426-432.303.

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14

Hogan, Patrick CP, Jane McGauran, Amy Rolston, Helen O’Brien, and Desmond O’Neill. "104Resistant SIADH Secondary to Atonic Bladder in an Older Woman." Age and Ageing 47, suppl_5 (September 1, 2018): v13—v60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afy140.80.

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15

Chatterjee, K. "Secondary prevention of stroke: more than just aspirin or warfarin." Age and Ageing 33, no. 3 (May 1, 2004): 218–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afh102.

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16

Koutsoukis, T., S. Zormalia, P. Kokkonidis, E. Papadopoulou, P. Tsakiridis, and G. Fourlaris. "Effect of Cold Deformation upon Ageing of Superaustenitic Stainless Steels." Advanced Materials Research 89-91 (January 2010): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.89-91.301.

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Cold rolling followed by ageing in two grades of superaustenitic stainless steel was performed in order to assess the effect of cold deformation on the precipitation characteristics of these steels. Samples were cold rolled from 20% to 60% reduction in thickness and aged within the temperature range of 650οC to 950οC for times up to 120h. Following ageing precipitation of secondary phases took place, with sigma (σ) phase formation being the predominant precipitate species forming. Secondary phases have been reported to form following isothermal exposure to high temperatures, yet the precipitation behaviour of cold deformed samples has received less attention. When compared to the ageing characteristics of undeformed samples, cold deformation was found to accelerate precipitation during ageing. This study helped clarify a time-temperature-transformation regime relating isothermal ageing of cold deformation that could be applied to these steels in order to avoid occurrence of undesirable microstructural constituents with the associated reduction of mechanical and corrosion properties.

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17

Sharman, H., R. Rathore, and C. Sutton. "13MANAGEMENT OF ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH UNINTENTIONAL WEIGHT LOSS IN SECONDARY CARE." Age and Ageing 44, suppl 2 (September 2015): ii3.4—ii4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afv106.13.

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18

Chan, Y. "Case report. Acute confusion secondary to pneumocephalus in an elderly patient." Age and Ageing 29, no. 4 (July 1, 2000): 365–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/29.4.365.

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19

Ashton, D. "Cognitive decline with chronic meningitis secondary to a COX-2 inhibitor." Age and Ageing 33, no. 4 (April 13, 2004): 408–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afh112.

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20

Salo, K., M. Hallquist, Å. M. Jonsson, H. Saathoff, K. H. Naumann, C. Spindler, R. Tillmann, et al. "Volatility of secondary organic aerosol during OH radical induced ageing." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 7 (July 7, 2011): 19507–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-19507-2011.

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Abstract. The aim of this study was to investigate oxidation of SOA formed from ozonolysis of α-pinene and limonene by hydroxyl radicals. This paper focuses on changes of particle volatility, using a Volatility Tandem DMA (VTDMA) set-up, in order to explain and elucidate the mechanism behind atmospheric ageing of the organic aerosol. The experiments were conducted at the AIDA chamber facility of KIT in Karlsruhe and at the SAPHIR chamber of FZJ in Jülich. A fresh SOA was produced from ozonolysis of α-pinene or limonene and then aged by enhanced OH exposure. As an OH-radical source in the AIDA-chamber the ozonolysis of tetramethylethylene (TME) was used while in the SAPHIR-chamber the OH was produced by natural light photochemistry. A general feature is that SOA produced from ozonolysis of α-pinene and limonene initially were rather volatile and becomes less volatile with time in the ozonolysis part of the experiment. Inducing OH chemistry or adding a new portion of precursors made the SOA more volatile due to addition of new semi-volatile material to the aged aerosol. The effect of OH chemistry was less pronounced in high concentration and low temperature experiments when lower relative amounts of semi-volatile material were available in the gas phase. Conclusions drawn from the changes in volatility were confirmed by comparison with the measured and modelled chemical composition of the aerosol phase. Three quantified products from the α-pinene oxidation; pinonic acid, pinic acid and methylbutanetricarboxylic acid (MBTCA) were used to probe the processes influencing aerosol volatility. A major conclusion from the work is that the OH induced ageing can be attributed to gas phase oxidation of products produced in the primary SOA formation process and that there was no indication on significant bulk or surface reactions. The presented results, thus, strongly emphasise the importance of gas phase oxidation of semi- or intermediate-volatile organic compounds (SVOC and IVOC) for atmospheric aerosol ageing processing.

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21

Salo, K., M. Hallquist, Å. M. Jonsson, H. Saathoff, K. H. Naumann, C. Spindler, R. Tillmann, et al. "Volatility of secondary organic aerosol during OH radical induced ageing." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 21 (November 9, 2011): 11055–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11055-2011.

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Abstract. The aim of this study was to investigate oxidation of SOA formed from ozonolysis of α-pinene and limonene by hydroxyl radicals. This paper focuses on changes of particle volatility, using a Volatility Tandem DMA (VTDMA) set-up, in order to explain and elucidate the mechanism behind atmospheric ageing of the organic aerosol. The experiments were conducted at the AIDA chamber facility of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) in Karlsruhe and at the SAPHIR chamber of Forchungzentrum Jülich (FZJ) in Jülich. A fresh SOA was produced from ozonolysis of α-pinene or limonene and then aged by enhanced OH exposure. As an OH radical source in the AIDA-chamber the ozonolysis of tetramethylethylene (TME) was used while in the SAPHIR-chamber the OH was produced by natural light photochemistry. A general feature is that SOA produced from ozonolysis of α-pinene and limonene initially was rather volatile and becomes less volatile with time in the ozonolysis part of the experiment. Inducing OH chemistry or adding a new portion of precursors made the SOA more volatile due to addition of new semi-volatile material to the aged aerosol. The effect of OH chemistry was less pronounced in high concentration and low temperature experiments when lower relative amounts of semi-volatile material were available in the gas phase. Conclusions drawn from the changes in volatility were confirmed by comparison with the measured and modelled chemical composition of the aerosol phase. Three quantified products from the α-pinene oxidation; pinonic acid, pinic acid and methylbutanetricarboxylic acid (MBTCA) were used to probe the processes influencing aerosol volatility. A major conclusion from the work is that the OH induced ageing can be attributed to gas phase oxidation of products produced in the primary SOA formation process and that there was no indication on significant bulk or surface reactions. The presented results, thus, strongly emphasise the importance of gas phase oxidation of semi- or intermediate-volatile organic compounds (SVOC and IVOC) for atmospheric aerosol ageing.

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22

Sroka, Marek, Adam Zieliński, Grzegorz Golański, and Marek Kremzer. "The Influence of Long-term Ageing on the Microstructure of Sanicro 25 Steel." MATEC Web of Conferences 253 (2019): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925303004.

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Sanicro 25 (22Cr25NiWCoCu) is a newly developed austenitic stainless steel used in the boiler pressure superheaters and reheaters with ultra-supercritical high-efficient parameters. The paper presents the results of microstructure testing and secondary phase separation processes after 20,000 h ageing at 700 and 750 °C. In the initial stage of ageing, the precipitation of numerous very small M23C6 chromium carbides and Laves phase were observed. The long-term ageing related to temperature revealed the existence of secondary phases: M23C6, MX, NbCrN, Laves phase and σ phase. The test results presented in the paper are part of the developed material characteristics to be used for predicting the service life of the material of components operated under creep conditions.

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23

Zi, Yang, Liang Zeqin, David Leyvraz, and John Banhart. "Effect of pre-ageing on natural secondary ageing and paint bake hardening in Al–Mg–Si alloys." Materialia 7 (September 2019): 100413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mtla.2019.100413.

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24

Baganis, Antonis, Marianthi Bouzouni, and Spyros Papaefthymiou. "Phase Field Simulation of AA6XXX Aluminium Alloys Heat Treatment." Metals 11, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11020241.

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Heat treatment has a significant impact on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Si alloys. The present study presents a first Phase-Field modelling approach on the recrystallisation and grain growth mechanism during annealing. It focuses on the precipitate fraction, radius, and Mg-Si concentration in the matrix phase, which are used as input data for the calculation of the yield strength and hardness at the end of different ageing treatments. Annealing and artificial ageing simulations have been conducted on the MultiPhase-Field based MICRESS@ software, while the ThermoCalc@ software has been used to construct the pseudo-binary Al-Mg phase-diagrams and the atomic-mobility databases of MgxSiy precipitates. Recrystallisation simulation estimates the recrystallisation kinetics, the grain growth, and the interface mobility with the presence/absence of secondary particles, selecting as annealing temperature 400 °C and a microstructure previously subjected to cold rolling. The pinning force of secondary particles decelerates the overall recrystallisation time, causing a slight decrease in the final grain radius due to the reduction of interface mobility. The ageing simulation examines different ageing temperatures (180 and 200 °C) for two distinct ternary systems (Al-0.9Mg-0.6Si/Al-1.0Mg-1.1Si wt.%) considering the interface energy and the chemical free energy as the driving force for precipitation. The combination of Phase-Field and the Deschamps–Brechet model predicted the under-ageing condition for the 180 °C ageing treatment and the peak-ageing condition for the 200 °C ageing treatment.

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25

Semenova, Irina P., and Alexander Medvedev. "Influence of Severe Plastic Deformation and Ageing on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of β-Alloy Ti-6.8Mo-4.5Fe-1.5Al." Materials Science Forum 667-669 (December 2010): 731–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.667-669.731.

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This work presents the possibility of strength enhancement in the -alloy Ti-6.8Mo-4.5Fe-1.5Al via equal channel angular pressing at room temperature without precipitation of a secondary -phase. Influence of the initial structure of the alloy and ageing temperature on the density of precipitations and dimensions of the secondary -phase is revealed. It has been stated that combination of the solid solution treatment with the subsequent ECAP processing and final ageing is an effective way to achieve superior strength and ductility.

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26

Xu, Wen Yong, Zi Chao Peng, Mu Zi Li, and Minh Son Pham. "Microstructure Analysis and Creep Behaviour Modelling of Powder Metallurgy Superalloy." Materials Science Forum 913 (February 2018): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.913.134.

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Microstructure analysis of Ni-based superalloy FGH96 under different ageing treatments were carried out in order to understand the microstructure-creep strength relationships of the alloy. It was found that the volume fraction of tertiary γ′ and the mean γ-channel width was significantly varied with different ageing treatments, leading to the changes in creep behavior. The dislocation/γ′ shearing mechanisms were also changed with ageing treatment. The volume fractions of both secondary and tertiary γ′ and the mean γ-channel width were quantitatively analyzed by electron microscopy. The quantified microstructures were used for a crystal plasticity-based constitutive model. It was observed that the crystal plasticity model can accurately simulate experimentally observed creep behavior of aged samples showing significant secondary creep stage.

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27

Couch, Elyse, Christoph Mueller, Gayan Perera, Vanessa Lawrence, and Matthew Prina. "The association between an early diagnosis of dementia and secondary health service use." Age and Ageing 50, no. 4 (May 29, 2021): 1277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afab079.

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Abstract Background dementia policy suggests diagnosing dementia early can reduce the risk of potentially harmful hospital admissions or emergency department (ED) attendances; however, there is little evidence to support this. A diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) before dementia is a helpful proxy to explore early diagnosis. This study investigated the association between an early diagnosis of dementia and subsequent hospitalisations and ED attendances. Method a retrospective cohort study of electronic health care records from 15,836 patients from a large secondary care database in South London, UK. Participants were divided into two groups: those with a diagnosis of MCI before dementia, an early diagnosis, and those without. Cox regression models were used to compare the risk of hospitalisation and ED attendance after dementia diagnosis and negative binomial regression models were used to compare the average length of stay and average number of ED attendances. Results participants with an early diagnosis were more likely to attend ED after their diagnosis of dementia (HR = 1.09, CI = 1.00–1.18); however, there was no difference in the number of ED attendances (IRR = 1.04, CI = 0.95–1.13). There was no difference in the risk of hospitalisation (HR = 0.99, CI = 0.91–1.08) or length of stay between the groups (IRR = 0.97, CI = 0.85–1.12). Conclusion the findings of this study do not support the assumption that an early diagnosis reduces the risk of hospitalisation or ED attendance. The patterns of health service use in this paper could reflect help-seeking behaviour before diagnosis or levels of co-morbidity.

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28

Aworinde, J., N. Werbeloff, G. Lewis, G. Livingston, and A. Sommerlad. "70SEVERITY OF DEMENTIA AT DEATH: COHORT STUDY USING ROUTINELY COLLECTED SECONDARY CARE DATA." Age and Ageing 47, suppl_3 (August 1, 2018): iii26—iii27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afy118.02.

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29

Housley, G., A. Usman, S. Lewis, D. E. Shaw, and A. L. Gordon. "44MEASURING AGREEMENT BETWEEN CARE HOME RESIDENCY STATUS ON PRIMARY AND SECONDARY CARE DATABASES." Age and Ageing 47, suppl_3 (August 1, 2018): iii14—iii17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afy121.09.

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30

Blows, S. J., R. Morgan, U. Dhariwal, G. Petts, and F. Roncaroli. "Pancreatic adenocarcinoma presenting with sudden onset bilateral deafness secondary to metastatic leptomeningeal infiltration." Age and Ageing 41, no. 6 (June 27, 2012): 818–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afs085.

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31

Yang, Zi, Xiaohe Jiang, Xingpu Zhang, Meng Liu, Zeqin Liang, David Leyvraz, and John Banhart. "Influence of quench rate on multi-stage ageing of AA6014 alloy." MATEC Web of Conferences 326 (2020): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032602005.

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The influence of quench rate after solution heat treatment on the microstructure in the as-quenched state and subsequent ageing kinetics of alloy AA6014 was investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy, positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy and hardness measurements. Various ageing temperatures and stages were taken into consideration. Consistent with previous studies, we found that solute and vacancy supersaturation decrease during slow quenching due to precipitation and annihilation, respectively. Additionally, we observed cluster formation during cooling below 200 °C. As for the influence on ageing behaviour we observe different behaviour for high and low ageing temperature: Artificial ageing is more affected than pre-ageing and natural secondary ageing. The detrimental effect of natural ageing on paint-bake hardening also depends on the quench rate. Possible interpretations are associated with cluster formation during natural ageing and also during quenching. The influence of pre-ageing at different temperatures on subsequent ageing kinetics is similar for slower industrial-type quenching and for fast quenching, thus allowing to apply the findings from idealised quenching conditions to situations closer to real application.

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32

Meenakshi, J. Raja. "Women and Successful Ageing." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 12, no. 1 (August 10, 2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v12.n1.p2.

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<p>Every human being has to face the ageing process and no one could escape from it. The understanding of ageing differs from culture to culture and it varies across nations. World Health Organization recognized that the developing world often defines old age, not by years, but by new roles, loss of previous roles, or inability to make active contribution to society. Women in India generally considered as a secondary citizens and the life of the aged women needs wide attention. Successful ageing refers to leading the life with good physical and psychological health and also with economical independence.Pre plan is highly required to lead a successful life. This study makes an attempt to study the life of elderly women and to understand how they lead a successful life. Case study method was used to study the successful life of the respondents.</p>

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33

Hale, M., H. Zaman, D. Mehdizadeh, O. Todd, H. Callaghan, C. P. Gale, and A. Clegg. "454 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN STATINS AND MAJOR ADVERSE CARDIAC EVENTS AMONG OLDER ADULTS WITH FRAILTY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW." Age and Ageing 50, Supplement_2 (June 2021): ii5—ii7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afab118.03.

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Abstract Background Statins reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), however, their clinical benefit for primary and secondary prevention among older adults with frailty is uncertain. This review investigates whether statins prescribed for primary and secondary prevention are associated with reduced MACE among adults aged ≥65 years with frailty. Methods Systematic review of studies published between 01.01.1952 and 01.01.2019 in MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and the International Pharmaceutical Abstracts. Studies that investigated the effect of statins on MACE among adults ≥65 years with a validated frailty assessment were included. Data were extracted from the papers as per a pre-published protocol, PROSPERO: CRD42019127486. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. Finding 18794 abstracts were identified for screening. From these, six cohort studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. There were no randomised clinical trials. Of studies involving statins for primary and secondary prevention (n = 6), one found statins were associated with reduced mortality (hazard ratio (HR) 0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.37–0.93) and another found they were not (p = 0.73). One study of statins used for secondary prevention found they were associated with reduced mortality (HR 0.28, 95%CI 0.21–0.39). No studies investigated the effect of statins for primary prevention or the effect of statins on the frequency of MACE. Discussion This review summarizes the existing available evidence for decision making for statin prescribing for older adults with frailty. This study identified only observational evidence that, among older people with frailty, statins are associated with reduced mortality when prescribed for secondary prevention, and an absence of evidence evaluating statin therapy for primary prevention. The findings of this study highlight that randomised trial data are urgently needed to better inform the use of statins among older adults living with frailty.

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34

Lumley, Roger N., J. Buha, Ian J. Polmear, A. J. Morton, and A. Crosky. "Secondary Precipitation in Aluminium Alloys & Its Role in Modern Heat Treatment." Materials Science Forum 519-521 (July 2006): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.519-521.283.

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This paper reviews some of the practical outcomes of exploiting secondary precipitation during the heat treatment of aluminium alloys and discusses current understanding of this phenomenon. Recent studies have utilised the techniques of positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS), 3D atom probe (3DAP) as well as the more traditional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to investigate early precipitation events that occur during secondary ageing at low temperatures (~20-65°C). This work has confirmed that clustering and GP zone formation can modify the nature and distribution of precipitates that form when ageing is subsequently resumed at more elevated temperatures. Prospects for achieving further improvements in heat treatment schedules and alloy compositions to take greater advantage of secondary precipitation are also considered.

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35

Stephens, A., H. Rudd, E. Stephens, and J. Ward. "91 Mrs Bad Bones: Impact of COVID-19 on Secondary Prevention of Fragility Fractures." Age and Ageing 50, Supplement_1 (March 2021): i12—i42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afab030.52.

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Abstract Introduction Management of osteoporosis is an important consideration for neck of femur fracture patients due to the morbidity and mortality it poses, and the significant financial burden to the NHS. Orthogeriatric teams input is invaluable in coordinating secondary fragility fracture prevention. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the rapid restructuring of healthcare teams and led to the redeployment of the orthogeriatricians to assist with the influx of medically unwell patients. This study explored the impact COVID-19 had on secondary fragility fracture prevention. Method A retrospective audit looking at the prescription of vitamin D/calcium supplements, bone-sparing medications, and DEXA scan requests in consecutive neck of femur fracture patients admitted to a trauma and orthopaedic unit pre- and post- UK lockdown in response to the pandemic. A re-audit was conducted following the implementation of our new mnemonic, “MRS BAD BONES”: Medication Review Rheumatology/Renal Advice Smoking Cessation Blood tests Alcohol limits DEXA scan Bone-sparing medications Orthogeriatric review Nutrition Exercise Supplements. Results Data for 50 patients was available in each phase. The orthogeriatric team reviewed 88% of patients pre-lockdown falling to 0% due to redeployment, before recovering to 38% in the post-intervention period. Upon lockdown there was a significant drop in the prescription of vitamin D/calcium supplements from 81.6% to 58.0% (p = 0.0156); of bone-sparing medications from 60.7% to 18.2% (p = 0.0037), and DEXA scan requests from 40.1% to 3.6% (p = 0.0027). Following the implementation of our mnemonic, there was a significant increase in the prescription of vitamin D/calcium supplements to 85.7% (p = 0.0034), bone-sparing medications to 72.4% (p = 0.0002) and DEXA scan requests to 60% (p < 0.0001). Conclusion COVID-19 had a major impact on the secondary prevention of fragility fractures in this population. The “MRS BAD BONES” mnemonic significantly improved the management and could be considered for use in a wider setting.

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Arumugam, J., R. Laud, and P. Naydenova. "10 Improving Communication About Death Between Primary and Secondary Care: A Quality Improvement Project." Age and Ageing 49, Supplement_1 (February 2020): i1—i8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz183.10.

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Abstract Introduction Communication between the hospital and primary care regarding the death of a patient is incredibly important. Previous literature surrounding this area has shown that it is often done poorly, resulting in substandard documentation. Furthermore, lack of information for General Practitioners (GPs) means it is difficult for them to enter discussions with families, which can negatively impact on the bereavement process. The previous expectation was that an electronic discharge summary was completed, but that this was not optimally designed to inform GPs about the circumstances surrounding the death. Reasons given that summaries were not completed included: the busy workload of junior doctors and the lack of awareness of their importance. Methods The aim of our quality improvement project was to ensure 80% of GPs received notification and information about a patient’s death by August 2018. Following an initial cycle to assess the baseline notification rates, we developed a standardized death notification letter following feedback from local GPs. This included information such as date of death, if the coroner had been informed and a brief summary of events. Following introduction of the letter, we recorded the uptake and then gained further feedback regarding the ways in which it could be improved. A final cycle was then implemented. Results Baseline data showed an electronic discharge letter was only being completed in 13.3% of cases (n=3/21). Following introduction of the new letter, 83.6% were completed (n=56/67). Conclusions In conclusion, the introduction of a simple and standardized letter template has vastly increased the notification of GPs about a patient’s death from our hospital. Limitations of our project included the varying numbers of deaths in audited periods and some hospital teams having a separate process in place.

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Poff, Alison, Aoife Lee, and Alan Martin. "126RECOGNITION OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND SECONDARY RENAL DISEASES IN A NURSING HOME POPULATION." Age and Ageing 45, suppl 2 (September 2016): ii13.35—ii56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afw159.133.

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Yang, Zi, Zeqin Liang, David Leyvraz, and John Banhart. "Hardness data related to pre-ageing, natural secondary ageing, and paint bake hardening in Al-Mg-Si alloys." Data in Brief 27 (December 2019): 104494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2019.104494.

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Ahlberg, Erik, Stina Ausmeel, Axel Eriksson, Thomas Holst, Tomas Karlsson, William H. Brune, Göran Frank, Pontus Roldin, Adam Kristensson, and Birgitta Svenningsson. "No Particle Mass Enhancement from Induced Atmospheric Ageing at a Rural Site in Northern Europe." Atmosphere 10, no. 7 (July 17, 2019): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10070408.

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A large portion of atmospheric aerosol particles consists of secondary material produced by oxidation reactions. The relative importance of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) can increase with improved emission regulations. A relatively simple way to study potential particle formation in the atmosphere is by using oxidation flow reactors (OFRs) which simulate atmospheric ageing. Here we report on the first ambient OFR ageing experiment in Europe, coupled with scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) and proton transfer reaction (PTR)-MS measurements. We found that the simulated ageing did not produce any measurable increases in particle mass or number concentrations during the two months of the campaign due to low concentrations of precursors. Losses in the reactor increased with hydroxyl radical (OH) exposure and with increasing difference between ambient and reactor temperatures, indicating fragmentation and evaporation of semivolatile material.

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Campillo, Sofía, Lisa Rancan, Sergio D. Paredes, Marina Higuera, Aida Izquierdo, Cruz García, Katherine Forman, Jesús A. F. Tresguerres, and Elena Vara. "Effect of treatment with xanthohumol on cardiological alterations secondary to ageing." Journal of Functional Foods 49 (October 2018): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2018.07.059.

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Tsai, Min-Chien, Sy-Feng Wang, Nicola J. Gray, and Didier Jourdan. "Occupational Health of Education Personnel—The Role of Job Crafting and Other Control Strategies on Healthy Ageing at Work." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (November 30, 2022): 15970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315970.

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This article looks at the strategies that influence healthy ageing at work from the motivational theory of life span development (MTD). It aims to better understand the influence of job crafting as a selective primary control, help-seeking as a compensatory primary control, positive reappraisal as a selective secondary control, and downward social comparison and downgrading expectation as a compensatory secondary control on healthy ageing at work (work engagement, health, and motivation to continue working after retirement). A total of 386 educational personnel participated in the study. This study used hierarchical regression analysis to test incremental validity, supplemented with confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling as a solution to solve the potential error problems caused. The results show that job crafting is positively correlated with healthy ageing at work. Positive reappraisal and downward social comparison showed incremental validity in predicting healthy ageing at work beyond job crafting among the middle-aged group (45–65-years-old); in particular, positive reappraisal was the determinant of healthy ageing at work among the middle-aged group. However, both help-seeking and downgrading expectation did not show incremental validity. This study can contribute to the evolution of career development interventions and human resource management focused on supporting older people at work.

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Smith, Simon, Nur Syifa Ilyani Abd Manan, Shannon Toner, Amr Al Refaie, Nicole Müller, Patrick Henn, and Colm M. P. O’Tuathaigh. "Age-related hearing loss and provider-patient communication across primary and secondary care settings: a cross-sectional study." Age and Ageing 49, no. 5 (April 7, 2020): 873–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afaa041.

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Abstract Background The prevalence of age-related hearing loss (ARHL) increases with age. Older adults are amongst the most dependent users of healthcare and most vulnerable to medical error. This study examined health professionals’ strategies, as well as level of formal training completed, for communication with older adults with ARHL, and their views on the contribution of ARHL to suboptimal quality of patient care. Methods A 17-item questionnaire was distributed to a sample of Irish primary care physicians, as well as hospital-based clinicians providing inpatient palliative care and geriatric services. Results A total of 172 primary care physicians and 100 secondary care providers completed the questionnaire. A total of 154 (90%) primary and 97 (97%) secondary care providers agreed that ARHL had a negative impact on quality of care. Across both settings, 10% of respondents reported that communication issues contributed to multiple medication error events each year. Although only 3.5% of secondary care providers and 13% of primary care physicians attended formal training on communication with hearing-impaired patients, 66.5% of respondents were confident in their capacity to communicate with these patients. Primary care physicians reported that they either never used assistive hearing technology (44%) or were unfamiliar with this technology (49%). Conclusions Primary and secondary care health providers reported that ARHL reduces patient care quality and may initiate errors leading to patient harm. Formal training addressing the communication needs of ARHL patients appears to be underdeveloped, and there is a limited familiarity with assistive hearing technology. This is both an error in health professional training and healthcare services.

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Coary, Roisin, Sonia Sundanum, John Doherty, Ronan Collins, and Tara Coughlan. "213A REVIEW OF PRESCRIBING PRACTICES IN SECONDARY PREVENTION OF OSTEOPOROTIC FRACTURES IN A REHABILITATION FACILITY." Age and Ageing 45, suppl 2 (September 2016): ii13.95—ii56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afw159.193.

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Ekwegh, U. "17IMPROVING COLLABORATION IN THE CARE OF THE FRAIL OLDER PERSON ACROSS THE PRIMARY-SECONDARY INTERFACE." Age and Ageing 48, Supplement_1 (February 1, 2019): i1—i15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afy211.17.

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Hogan, Patrick C. P., Jane McGauran, Helen O’Brien, Amy Rolston, and Desmond O’Neill. "Resistant syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secondary to atonic bladder in an older woman." Age and Ageing 48, no. 5 (May 13, 2019): 756–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz044.

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Abstract Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is the most common cause of hyponatraemia. There are many causes of SIADH, but investigation tends to focus around the most common causes—particularly diseases of the brain and lung, malignancy and medication-induced SIADH [Ellison and Berl (2007, The Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuresis. N Engl J Med., 356, 2064–72]. We describe a case of SIADH secondary to atonic bladder in an 83-year old woman, which was discovered on MRI of the abdomen, performed for further characterisation of a known pancreatic lesion. Insertion of a urinary catheter alleviated retention and resulted in prompt resolution of hyponatraemia. This is an under-recognised cause of this common condition, with important implications for investigation and management.

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Reilly, Eimear O., Cormac Everard, and Lisa Cogan. "321 Review of Statin Therapy in Frail Older Patients over 75 Years Old Residing in Long Term Care." Age and Ageing 48, Supplement_3 (September 2019): iii17—iii65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz103.207.

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Abstract Background Statins are frequently prescribed in older patients for prevention of cardiovascular disease and treatment of hypercholesterolemia. However, there is little evidence to indicate that statins have any benefit in older patients with life expectancy less than 10 years and of those patients in long term care whose average life expectancy is approximately 3-5 years. In addition, statins are associated with significant adverse side effects and contribute to the burden of polypharmacy in older patients. Methods Patients residing in a long term care facility were reviewed and data was collected from their medical notes and medication records in order to; (1) Quantify the proportion of patients on statin therapy (2) Review the indication for statin therapy (3) Investigate the inappropriate prescribing of statins in nursing home patients. Results 55 patients were included in the study. Of the 55 patients, 7 [12.7%] patients were on a statin. Average age of patients on a statin was 77.8 years[SD 9.4]. Of the 7 patients, 2 were on a statin for primary prevention and 5 patients were on for secondary prevention. Average cholesterol in primary prevention group was 3.3mmol/L, average LDL was 1.3 mmol/L. Of the 7 patients on statin for secondary prevention, indications included ischaemic stroke[n= 4] and ischaemic heart disease [n=3]. Average Total cholesterol in secondary prevention group was 3.8 mmol/L and average LDL was 1.91 mmol/L. The average Rockwood Clinical Frailty Scale Score of the patients on statin therapy was 7. Conclusion Firstly, this study highlights the incidence of inappropriate prescribing of statins for primary prevention in frail older patients in long term care. It also raises the question surrounding the indication of statin therapy in secondary prevention where cholesterol level are within target range highlighting the need for further studies examining the benefit of statins in frail older patients in LTC.

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Nyman, Samuel, Wendy Ingram, Jeanette Sanders, Peter Thomas, Sarah Thomas, Michael Vassallo, James Raftery, Iram Bibi, and Yolanda Barrado-Martín. "89 Randomised Controlled Trial of the Effect of Tai Chi on Postural Balance of People with Dementia." Age and Ageing 48, Supplement_4 (December 2019): iv18—iv27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz164.89.

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Abstract Introduction We investigated the effect of Tai Chi exercise on postural balance among people with dementia (PWD), and the feasibility of a definitive trial on falls prevention. Method We conducted a randomised controlled trial. Dyads, comprising community-dwelling PWD and their informal carer (N=85), were randomised to usual care (n=43) or usual care plus the intervention (n=42). For the intervention, over 20 weeks, Tai Chi classes were provided weekly and Tai Chi home practice was facilitated by the carer. The primary outcome was the timed up and go test. Secondary outcomes for PWD included functional balance, static balance, fear of falling, cognitive functioning, quality of life, and falls. Secondary outcomes for carers included dynamic balance, static balance, quality of life, and carer burden. Outcomes were assessed six months post-baseline, except for falls, which were collected prospectively over the six-month follow-up period. Results For PWD, there was no significant difference at follow-up on the timed up and go test (mean difference [MD] = 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -2.17, 3.81, standardised effect size [ES] = 0.14). Among the secondary outcomes, at follow-up, PWD in the Tai Chi group had significantly higher quality of life (MD = 0.051, 95% CI = 0.002, 0.100, ES = 0.51) and a significantly lower rate of falls (rate ratio = 0.35, 95% CI =0.15, 0.81), which was no longer significant when an outlier was removed. Carers in the Tai Chi group at follow-up were significantly worse on the timed up and go test (MD = 1.83, 95% CI = 0.12, 3.53, ES = 0.61). The remaining secondary outcomes were not significant. No serious adverse events were related to participation in Tai Chi. Conclusion With refinement, this Tai Chi intervention has potential to reduce the incidence of falls and improve quality of life among community-dwelling PWD.

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Jacumasso, Sheila Cristina, Luis Otavio Ribas Lima, Juliana Paula Martins, and André Luis Moreira Carvalho. "Influence of Secondary Ageing on Fatigue Crack Propagation of the AA7050 Aluminum Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 891-892 (March 2014): 1816–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.891-892.1816.

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The AA7050 aluminum alloy is widely used due to its low specific combined with high strength and toughness obtained from the heat treatment which involves solution treatment and ageing. It produces the mechanism of precipitation hardening of a thin phase and disperses. In this context, the present study to investigated three ageing treatments, their influence on fatigue crack growth. In order to find a better condition of precipitation of η' phase, which may increase resistance to fatigue crack growth of AA7050 aluminum alloy. The T614-65 condition was chosen as an alternative treatment in relation to T7451 and T6 conditions of current use in the industry. The fatigue crack growth rate results have shown that T614-65 fatigue strength were up to 14% higher than the shown for T7451 temper.

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Larcombe, T., R. A. Lisk, and K. F. Yeong. "9 * CLOSING THE GAP IN SECONDARY PREVENTION WITH A FRACTURE LIAISON SERVICE -THE ST PETER'S EXPERIENCE." Age and Ageing 43, suppl 2 (October 1, 2014): ii2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afu124.9.

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Power, Clodagh, and Elaine Greene. "Bilateral humeral fractures secondary to seizure in an older patient: the case for vigilance amidst vulnerability." Age and Ageing 44, no. 5 (June 12, 2015): 902.1–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afv074.

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