Books on the topic 'Secondary ageing'

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1

Kudrnáčová, Naděžda. Caused motion: Secondary agent constructions. Brno: Masarykova univerzita, 2013.

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2

National Academies Press (U.S.), ed. Review of chemical agent secondary waste disposal and regulatory requirements. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 2007.

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3

J, Allebon, ed. Action research in the secondary school: The psychologist as change agent. London: Routledge, 1988.

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4

National Research Council (U.S.). Committee to Review Secondary Waste Disposal and Regulatory Requirements for the Assembled Chemical Weapons Alternatives Program. Review of secondary waste disposal planning for the Blue Grass and Pueblo Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plants. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 2008.

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5

National Research Council (U.S.). Committee to Review Secondary Waste Disposal and Regulatory Requirements for the Assembled Chemical Weapons Alternatives Program. Review of secondary waste disposal planning for the Blue Grass and Pueblo Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plants. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 2008.

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National Research Council (U.S.). Committee to Review Secondary Waste Disposal and Regulatory Requirements for the Assembled Chemical Weapons Alternatives Program. Review of secondary waste disposal planning for the Blue Grass and Pueblo Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plants. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 2008.

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7

National Research Council (U.S.). Committee to Review Secondary Waste Disposal and Regulatory Requirements for the Assembled Chemical Weapons Alternatives Program. Review of secondary waste disposal planning for the Blue Grass and Pueblo Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plants. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 2008.

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8

Bowker, Lesley K., James D. Price, Ku Shah, and Sarah C. Smith. Cardiovascular. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198738381.003.0010.

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This chapter provides information on the ageing cardiovascular system, chest pain, stable angina, acute coronary syndromes, myocardial infarction, hypertension, treatment of hypertension, presentation of arrhythmias, management of arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation, rate/rhythm control in atrial fibrillation, stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation, bradycardia and conduction disorders, common arrhythmias and conduction abnormalities, heart failure assessment, acute heart failure, chronic heart failure, dilemmas in heart failure, heart failure with preserved left ventricular function, valvular heart disease, peripheral oedema, preventing venous thromboembolism in an older person, peripheral vascular disease, gangrene in peripheral vascular disease, and vascular secondary prevention.
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9

Committee on Review of Chemical Agent Secondary Waste Disposal and Regulatory Requirements, Board on Army Science and Technology, National Research Council, and Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences. Review of Chemical Agent Secondary Waste Disposal and Regulatory Requirements. National Academies Press, 2007.

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10

Review of Chemical Agent Secondary Waste Disposal and Regulatory Requirements. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/11881.

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11

Committee on Review of Chemical Agent Secondary Waste Disposal and Regulatory Requirements, Board on Army Science and Technology, National Research Council, and Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences. Review of Chemical Agent Secondary Waste Disposal and Regulatory Requirements. National Academies Press, 2007.

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12

Committee on Review of Chemical Agent Secondary Waste Disposal and Regulatory Requirements, Board on Army Science and Technology, National Research Council, and Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences. Review of Chemical Agent Secondary Waste Disposal and Regulatory Requirements. National Academies Press, 2007.

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13

Thomas, Bernadette A., and Christopher R. Blagg. Patient selection when resources are limited. Edited by David J. Goldsmith. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0147_update_001.

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More than 50 years ago, outpatient care for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) became possible through the invention of the Scribner shunt. Since that time, renal replacement therapy (RRT) has expanded to include haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and renal transplantation. There has been tremendous global growth in the number of patients with access to RRT for ESRD, but many societies face difficult triage decisions for these costly modalities similar to those faced by the pioneers of outpatient dialysis in the early 1960s. Developed and developing societies will face the complex challenges of addressing the costly needs of an ESRD population that is projected to rise rapidly secondary to population ageing, as well as the increased burden of chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension. The history of outpatient RRT is outlined and trends in RRT growth throughout the world noted. The ethical considerations with which both developed and developing societies will have to contend to address the growing global burden of ESRD are discussed.
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14

Committee to Review Secondary Waste Disposal and Regulatory Requirements for the Assembled Chemical Weapons Alternatives Program, Board on Army Science and Technology, National Research Council, and Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences. Review of Secondary Waste Disposal Planning for the Blue Grass and Pueblo Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plants. National Academies Press, 2008.

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15

Committee to Review Secondary Waste Disposal and Regulatory Requirements for the Assembled Chemical Weapons Alternatives Program, Board on Army Science and Technology, National Research Council, and Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences. Review of Secondary Waste Disposal Planning for the Blue Grass and Pueblo Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plants. National Academies Press, 2008.

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16

Review of Secondary Waste Disposal Planning for the Blue Grass and Pueblo Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plants. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/12210.

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17

Review Secondary Waste Disposal and Regulatory Requirements for the Assembled Chemical Weapons Alternative Program Committee, Board on Army Science and Technology, National Research Council, and Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences. Review of Secondary Waste Disposal Planning for the Blue Grass and Pueblo Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plants. National Academies Press, 2008.

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18

Misbah, Siraj. Immunological support. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0301.

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Until the 1980s, the use of immunoglobulin as a therapeutic agent was confined to replacement therapy in patients with primary or secondary antibody deficiency. Its role as an effective immunomodulator was discovered serendipitously, when IV immunoglobulin (IVIg) was shown to consistently increase the platelet count in a child with antibody deficiency and immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Since then, the use of high-dose IVIg as an immunomodulator has become established as an important therapeutic option in many immune-mediated diseases. This chapter reviews the therapeutic indications for immunoglobulin, and its potential adverse effects.
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19

Martin, Finbarr. Service models. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199689644.003.0004.

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Key points• There is increasing concern about quality of care received by older people in our health services.• Real progress over recent decades in overcoming ignorance and ageism is at risk if these services cannot become age-attuned.• Today’s older people are older, more numerous, and present complex challenges of multimorbidity and frailty.• Traditional divisions of staff and skills between primary and secondary care, and between clinical specialties, are an obstacle to meeting the challenge.• Promising innovative new models of care are emerging and will need refinement through research and experience.• Skills and attitudes needed to recognize and manage the geriatric syndromes must be mainstreamed through education, training, and dissemination of good practice.• Specialists in old-age medicine and mental health cannot do it all, but must champion this transformation.
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20

Young, Raymond. Infection in the Patient with Sickle Cell Anemia. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199976805.003.0060.

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This chapter provides a brief overview of the clinical manifestations of and management strategies for infectious complications in the immunocompromised sickle cell disease patient. The chapter discusses infections in various organ systems, including the respiratory tract, central nervous system, bone, hematopoietic cell lineage, and blood-borne infections. Differentiating infections from noninfectious processes that often have similar presentations in the sickle cell patient may at times be difficult, and clinicians managing sickle cell patients should be keenly aware of this fact. This chapter discusses the common bacterial pathogens associated with infection and a notable viral agent known to profoundly worsen anemia in the sickle cell host, parvovirus B19. Additionally, fundamental antimicrobial regimens and primary and secondary prophylactic strategies are included in this concise summary prepared for clinicians involved in the acute care management of the sickle cell patient.
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21

Tsur, Reuven. Elusive Qualities in Poetry, Receptivity, and Neural Correlates. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190457747.003.0013.

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Arnheim’s terms “actively organizing mind” and “passively receiving mind” can usefully be applied in practical criticism to suggest the significance of poetic structures as described by more concrete terms. But it is not quite clear what exactly they refer to. This chapter explores how the latter term can be illuminating in close readings of poems by Verlaine. Neuropsychological findings proposed in the last section fill those terms with more solid meaning. When you experience sensory stimuli, certain areas in the secondary somatosensory cortex light up. When you perceive yourself as the voluntary agent causing the sensations, this activity is suppressed. This may account for the observation that the actively organizing mind is less sensitive to elusive sensations in poetry than a passive attitude. This chapter explores the linguistic means—syntactic, semantic, and phonetic—by which Verlaine’s texts manipulate the fictional speaker and/or the flesh-and-blood reader into a passive stance.
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22

Holroyd, Jules. Two Ways of Socializing Moral Responsibility. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190609610.003.0006.

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This chapter evaluates two competing views of morally responsible agency. The first view at issue is Vargas’s circumstantialism—on which responsible agency is a function of the agent and her circumstances, and so is highly context sensitive. The second view is McGeer’s scaffolded-responsiveness view, on which responsible agency is constituted by the capacity for responsiveness to reasons directly, and indirectly via sensitivity to the expectations of one’s audience (whose sensitivity may be more developed than one’s own). This chapter defends a version of the scaffolded-responsiveness view, and develops two further claims. Firstly, moral responsibility should not be tied too closely to liability to praise or blame. Secondly, rather than revising our existing concept of responsibility, we would do better to ask what we want the concept of responsibility for.
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23

Mele, Alfred R. Causation, Action, and Free Will. Edited by Helen Beebee, Christopher Hitchcock, and Peter Menzies. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199279739.003.0026.

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Many issues at the heart of the philosophy of action and of philosophical work on free will are framed partly in terms of causation. The leading approach to understanding both the nature of action and the explanation or production of actions emphasizes causation. What may be termed standardcausalism is the conjunction of the following two theses: firstly, an event's being an action depends on how it was caused; and secondly, proper explanations of actions are causal explanations. Important questions debated in the literature on free will include: is an action's being deterministically caused incompatible with its being freely performed? Are actions free only if they are indeterministically caused? Does the indeterministic causation of an action preclude its being freely performed? Does free action require agent causation? This article concentrates on issues about action and free will that centrally involve causation.
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24

Galiuto, L., R. Senior, and H. Becher. Contrast echocardiography. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199599639.003.0007.

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Contrast echocardiography is a non-invasive, well tolerated echocardiographic technique which employs ultrasound contrast agent in order to improve the quality of echocardiographic images, by enhancing blood flow signal.Clinical usefulness of this echocardiographic imaging modality resides in the possibility of providing better acoustic signal in cases of poor quality images, with additional important information related to assessment of myocardial perfusion. Indeed, about one-third of echocardiographic images are affected by poor quality due to high acoustic impedance of the chest wall of the patients secondary to obesity or pulmonary diseases, not allowing detection of left ventricular endocardial border. Moreover, in patients with low ejection fraction and apical left ventricular aneurysm, intraventricular thrombus could be undetectable with standard echocardiography. Furthermore, coronary microcirculation cannot be assessed by standard echocardiography. Contrast echocardiography can be performed in all such conditions to improve diagnostic power of echocardiography.The adjunctive role of contrast echocardiography is well defined in both rest and stress echocardiography in order to detect the endocardial border and intraventricular thrombi, to accurately measure ejection fraction, wall motion, and to assess myocardial perfusion.The purpose of this chapter is to explain basic principles, feasibility, safety, major clinical applications, current indications, and further developments of contrast echocardiography.
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25

Gibson, Alistair A., and Peter J. D. Andrews. Management of traumatic brain injury. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0343.

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide and although young male adults are at particular risk, it affects all ages. TBI often occurs in the presence of significant extracranial injuries and immediate management focuses on the ABCs—airway with cervical spine control, breathing, and circulation. Best outcomes are achieved by management in centres that can offer comprehensive neurological critical care and appropriate management for extracranial injuries. If patients require transfer from an admitting hospital to a specialist centre, the transfer must be carried out by an appropriately skilled and equipped transport team. The focus of specific TBI management is on the avoidance of secondary injury to the brain. The principles of management are to avoid hypotension and hypoxia, control intracranial pressure and maintain cerebral perfusion pressure above 60 mmHg. Management of increased intracranial pressure is generally by a stepwise approach starting with sedation and analgesia, lung protective mechanical ventilation to normocarbia in a 30° head-up position, maintenance of oxygenation, and blood pressure. Additional measures include paralysis with a neuromuscular blocking agent, CSF drainage via an external ventricular drain, osmolar therapy with mannitol or hypertonic saline, and moderate hypothermia. Refractory intracranial hypertension may be treated surgically with decompressive craniectomy or medically with high dose barbiturate sedation. General supportive measures include provision of adequate nutrition preferably by the enteral route, thromboembolism prophylaxis, skin and bowel care, and management of all extracranial injuries.
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26

Rothstein, Bo. Controlling Corruption. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192894908.001.0001.

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This book presents a radically new approach to how societies can get corruption under control. Since the late 1990s, the detrimental effects of corruption on human wellbeing have become well established in research. This has resulted in a stark increase in anti-corruption programs launched by international and national development organizations. Despite these efforts, evaluations of the effects of these anti-corruption programs have been disappointing. As it can be measured, it is difficult to find substantial effects from such anti-corruption programs. The argument in this book is that this huge policy failure can be explained by three factors. Firstly, that the corruption problem has been poorly conceptualized since what should count as the opposite to corruption—the quality of government—has been left out. Secondly, that the problem has been located in the wrong social spaces. It is neither a cultural nor a legal problem. Instead, it is for the most part located in what organization theory defines as the “standard operating procedures” in social organizations. Thirdly, that the general theory that has dominated anti-corruption efforts—the principal-agent theory—is based on serious misspecification of the basic nature of the problem. The book presents a reconceptualization of corruption and a new theory—drawing on the tradition of the social contract—to explain it and motivate policies of how to get corruption under control. Several empirical cases serve to underpin this new theory ranging from the historical organization of religious practices to specific social policies, universal education, gender equality, and auditing.
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27

Dasgupta, Bhaskar. Polymyalgia rheumatica. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0134.

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This chapter reviews advances in pathogenesis; European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology (EULAR/ACR) classification criteria with clinical, laboratory, and ultrasound criteria for classification as polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR); the heterogeneity and overlap between PMR, inflammatory arthritis, and large-vessel vasculitis as illustrated by representative cases; recent guidelines on early and correct recognition, investigations, and management of PMR; the scope of disease-modifying agents; socio-economic impact, outcomes, and patient experience in PMR. It also discusses areas for future research including clinical trials with biological agents and newer steroid formulations, standardized outcome assessments, and the search for better biomarkers in PMR. PMR is one of the common inflammatory rheumatic diseases of older people and represents a frequent indication for long-term glucocorticoid (GC) therapy. It is characterized by abrupt-onset pain and stiffness of the shoulder and pelvic girdle muscles. Its management is subject to wide variations of clinical practice and it is managed in primary or secondary care by general practitioners (GPs), rheumatologists, and non-rheumatologists. The evaluation of PMR can be challenging, as many clinical and laboratory features may also be present in other conditions, including other rheumatological diseases, infection, and neoplasia. PMR is usually diagnosed in the primary care setting, but standard clinical investigations and referral pathways for suspected PMR are unclear. The response to standardized therapy is heterogeneous, and a significant proportion of patients do not respond completely. There is also an overlap with inflammatory arthritis and large-vessel vasculitis for which adjuvant disease-modifying medications are often used. Prolonged corticosteroid therapy is associated with a variety of side effects, especially when high-dose glucocorticoid therapy is employed. Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is also often linked to PMR. It is a vasculitis of large- and medium-sized vessels causing critical ischaemia. GCA is a medical emergency because of the high incidence of neuro-ophthalmic complications. Both conditions are associated with a systemic inflammatory response and constitutional symptoms. The pathogenesis is unclear. The initiating step may be the recognition of an infectious agent by aberrantly activated dendritic cells. The key cell types involved are CD4+ T cells and macrophages giving rise to key cytokines such as interferon-γ‎ (implicated in granuloma formation), PDGF (intimal hyperplasia), and interleukin (IL)-6 (key to the systemic response). The pathogenesis of PMR may be similar to that of GCA, although PMR exhibits less clinical vascular involvement. The mainstay of therapy is corticosteroids, and disease-modifying therapy is currently indicated in relapsing disease.
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