Relevant bibliographies by topics / Second Republic of Austria

Academic literature on the topic 'Second Republic of Austria'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 15 June 2024

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Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Journal articles on the topic "Second Republic of Austria":

1

Binder, Dieter A. "The Second Republic: Austria Seen as a Continuum." Austrian History Yearbook 26 (January 1995): 17–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237800004227.

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TheOldAustrofascists returned from the concentration camps and from their time of suffering and brought back with them some democratic convictions. That was the “Austrian miracle,” as Leopold Figl used to say. Those on the Left who had emigrated remained mostly wherever they were, for safety's sake. Only a few returned to their homeland, where, in the beginning, they were not very welcome. In the distressful postwar situation, the politicians, all of whose reputations had become somewhat tarnished since 1934, remembered an aging Social Democrat who was beyond suspicion, a politician who in 1918 had already founded a “Republic of German-Austria’ and who, because of his consistent call for the annexation (Anschluβ) of Austria by Germany, had lived through the Nazi period unmolested in Gloggnitz. That is how Karl Renner first became federal chancellor and later was elected president of Austria. Under pressure from the Allies he discarded his pet idea of Anschluβ, became an Austrian in his old age, and was eventually honored with a monument by Alfred Hrdlička that all of Austria mocked because it was created by a “Communist,” and because it portrayed the sovereign [Landesvater] the way he really looked.
2

Karner, Stefan. "The Austrian People's Party and the Creation of the Second Austrian Republic (1945—1955)." ISTORIYA 12, no. 11 (109) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840017598-6.

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In this article, the reader is offered not just the history of the formation of the Austrian People's Party, but in a broader sense, the internal political development of the Republic of Austria after 1945. Based on a wide range of historical sources, the development of the political consensus in Austria in the post-war period, the peculiarities of the formation of the foreign policy course and the choice of the policy of neutrality by Austria are shown. Special attention is paid to major Austrian political figures and their vision of strengthening and further development of Austria after the war.
3

Uhl, Heidemarie. "Transformations of Austrian Memory:Politics of History and Monument Culture in the Second Republic." Austrian History Yearbook 32 (January 2001): 149–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237800011206.

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On what was the first visit of an Austrian president to Israel, Thomas Klestil spoke before the Knesset in November 1994 of “repression,” of a lack of “admission to the whole truth,” stating, “We know that we have too often spoken of the fact that Austria was the first state to lose its freedom and independence to National Socialism—but we have spoken far too rarely of the fact that some of the worst henchmen of the NS dictatorship were in fact Austrians.” With this, Klestil was reacting to the fundamental questioning of the victim theory in the Waldheim debate as had Chancellor Franz Vranitzky in his often cited declaration to the Austrian Parliament on July 8,1991, to the effect that Austria “must admit to the good and bad … sides” of its history: “We must [admit] … to our share of the responsibility for the suffering that Austria did not cause as a state but that was brought upon other people and other peoples by the citizens of this country” and “apologize to the survivors and the descendants of the dead”.
4

Scheuch, Hanno. "Austria 1918–55: from the First to the Second Republic." Historical Journal 32, no. 1 (March 1989): 177–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00015351.

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Baber, Katherine. "“American First Aid”: Jerome Robbins and Leonard Bernstein at the Salzburg Festival, 1959." Journal of Austrian-American History 6, no. 1 (May 18, 2022): 74–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jaustamerhist.6.1.0074.

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Abstract This article examines the reception of two American artists during the Salzburg Festival of 1959 in the context of Cold War cultural diplomacy. While Austria had just become an independent republic again in 1955, the Salzburg Festival was experiencing a second American occupation, this time at Austrian invitation. The reasons for and the ways in which Austrian audiences and critics interpreted these performances and the idea of American music—through genre, personality, and politics—reveal the identity of the Festival, and by extension Austria, in a state of flux.
6

Martinets, Yuliya A. "SOVIET-AUSTRIAN ECONOMIC RELATIONS AS A PROBLEM OF RUSSIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Political Sciences. History. International Relations, no. 4 (2021): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6339-2021-4-19-31.

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This article is devoted to the trade and economic relations between the USSR and the Austrian Republic, whose modern borders were drawn up only at the end of the Second World War. The author aims to give a brief overview of the main scientific results (dissertation studies, monographs, scientific articles) of domestic – Soviet and Russian – historians and economists. The article attempts to analyze the influence of the state ideology on the development of domestic Austrian studies and to trace the reflection of the ideological confrontation between the East and the West during the Cold War on the works devoted to the Soviet-Austrian relations. Analyzing the topics of key scientific works, the author identifies several large thematic layers in the study of the history of the modern Austrian Republic and its interaction with the USSR and the Russian Federation. Among them: the political life of Austria, its international interaction, the economic development of the Austrian Republic, as well as the Soviet-Austrian relations in the political sphere. Nevertheless, both in Soviet and Russian historiography, according to the author, there are still poorly studied areas – the least covered topic remains the trade and economic interaction of the modern Austrian Republic with the Soviet Union in the second half of the 20th century
7

Papenko, Natalia, and Yevgen Papenko. "The policy of the Austrian Republic concerning the constant neutrality (1945-1955)." European Historical Studies, no. 4 (2016): 192–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2016.04.192-208.

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The article is devoted to the exploration of the constant neutrality status of the Second Austrian republic, to its political and legal research, its effectiveness as an instrument of the foreign policy of the state. The problem of the Austrian constant neutrality status is the post-war system of international relations was and is one of the main issues of Austrian internal and foreign policy, as long as it was directly connected with the discontinuance of occupation by the states of anti-Hitler coalition. Status of constant neutrality had to become a pledge of the existence of Austria as an independent and flourishing state, one of the elements of the peace, security and stability in Europe.
8

Kozyakova, Nataliya S. "The accession of the Second Republic of Austria to the UN after the end of World War II (1955)." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 193 (2021): 254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2021-26-193-254-261.

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We examine the problems that occupied the main place in Austria’s foreign policy in the mid-1950s of 20th century and characterized its role in international relations during the specified period. The role of Austria in the international arena has increased the country’s entry into the path of neutrality. It also opened up wide opportunities for it to participate in the activities of vari-ous international organizations extensively. Using the method of source analysis, the active partic-ipation of Austria in the work of the UN is considered, its authority and support for the sufficient work of this organization, which allowed it to be elected for three years as a member of the main body of the UN – a member of the Economic and Social Council in 1963 and 1976, in 1973 and 1974 – a member of the UN security, and in 1972 it became a permanent member of the UN Security Council. According to Austria’s first statement to the Security Council, the country planned to provide the widest possible extent of its impartial services to the UN’s main political body, using the wide opportunities given to it by its independence and neutrality. Having analyzed the main directions and aspects of Austrian foreign policy in the second half of the twentieth century, we conclude that, having adopted a justified course in foreign policy in 1955, based on permanent neutrality, the Second Austrian Republic further has provided the guarantee and basis of its independence.
9

Kozyakova, Nataliya S. "THE POLITICAL BRAND OF PEOPLE'S CAPITALISM IN THE SECOND REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA (1950-1960S)." Bulletin of the Moscow State Regional University (History and Political Science), no. 1 (2021): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18384/2310-676x-2021-1-125-132.

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10

Konrad, Helmut. "Austria on the Path to Western Europe: The Political Culture of the Second Republic." Austrian History Yearbook 26 (January 1995): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237800004215.

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LikeRobert A. Kann, I too am a historian by profession. Despite the close links between their subject and disciplines such as sociology land political science, historians on the whole avoid attempting to analyze contemporary politics. This lecture will therefore concentrate on the first twenty-five years of the Second Republic. Yet I am well aware that in the Kreisky era (notably as a result of the reforms introduced by Hertha Firnberg and Christian Broda) Austria's progress toward Western Europe took on a new character, and the country underwent what was, for the time being at least, its final major modernization. But it was an analysis of the wholly different steps taken toward the West between 1945 and 1970 that laid the foundation on which the single-party Social Democratic (SPÖ) government of the 1970s was able to build. It therefore seems legitimate to focus upon that first half of the history of the Second Republic, and to see the turning point marked by the student movement of 1968 and the election results of 1970 as a natural cutoff point for this discussion. Broadly speaking, the main concerns of the new state in its first two and a half decades were to provide a framework of order for the very disparate elements that it had inherited and to deal with the immense problems now confronting it. NaCenter for Austrian Studiestional Socialism, by its policies and the effects of all-out war, had left behind a country in ruins in every sense—not only materially through the destruction of housing, infrastructure, and industrial plant, but also intellectually and culturally. Most of the leading figures in Austria's cultural and intellectual life had been driven into exile or murdered.
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Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Second Republic of Austria":

1

Firth, Catriona Alison. "'Shadowy copies'? : film adaptations of the Second Austrian Republic." Thesis, Durham University, 2010. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/407/.

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For many years adaptation has been passed between literature and film studies, frequently dismissed as ‘shadowy copies’ and parasitic reproductions, the unwanted bastard child of the disciplines searching in vain for an academic home. Despite the emergence of insightful new scholarship into the development of Austrian film in the twentieth century, the role of the adaptation genre within Austria’s film industry and literary landscape remains an academic blind spot. This study aims to address this gap in critical knowledge, reviewing the potential function of filmic adaptations within the field of Austrian studies. Through five case studies of canonical works of post-war Austrian literature, this thesis sets out to establish adaptation both as a critical tool through which to approach literature and as an object of academic interest in its own right. Drawing on psychoanalytic theory and its application in film studies, these studies compare and contrast the position occupied by the film’s implied spectator with the relationship of the implied reader to the literary text. Rereading the novels retrospectively in light of their adaptations, this approach has the ability to ‘light up dark corners’ of the novels, illuminating those aspects hitherto left in the shadows by literary criticism. It will be argued that adaptation is uniquely positioned to hold up a mirror to literary texts, reflecting their concerns not through the filters of established grand narratives and generic taxonomies but through their creative, cinematic reworking of the novels. In challenging those assumptions that have become commonplace within Austrian literary history, this study calls for a more nuanced approach to literature of the Second Republic and proposes adaptation as the means by which this may be achieved.
2

Shockley, Steven W. "A Match Made in Heaven or Hell: Historians Debate the Influence of Richard Wagner on Adolf Hitler and the Third Reich." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2001. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0827101-153554/restricted/shockleys100401.pdf.

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3

Gallouët, Laure. "Une politique de la neutralité ? Les stratégies de sécurité et de défense de la Seconde République d'Autriche de 1955 à nos jours." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU20063.

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Au terme de dix années d’occupation alliée (1945-1955), le statut international de l’Autriche changea. Le 26 octobre 1955, le Parlement autrichien adopta en effet la loi constitutionnelle sur la neutralité perpétuelle. Cette décision souveraine de l’État autrichien était néanmoins à mettre en relation avec le contexte du début de la Guerre froide, le Mémorandum de Moscou et la signature du Traité d’État. Bien qu’inspiré par la neutralité suisse, le modèle autrichien de la neutralité permanente présenta très vite ses spécificités. Dès 1955, l’Autriche signala, par son adhésion aux Nations unies, que sa neutralité reposait avant tout sur une composante militaire, et que ce statut ne l’empêchait pas de prendre part à des organisations internationales. Ce travail de recherche présente les différents défis auxquels fit face la Seconde République et le rôle que joua la neutralité au sein des considérations stratégiques autrichiennes de 1955 à nos jours. La démarche est ici diachronique, car la politique de sécurité et de défense, tout comme l’interprétation juridique et politique de la neutralité, évoluèrent au gré de l’évolution du contexte international
After ten years of allied occupation (1945-1955), Austria’s international status changed. On October 26, 1955, its Parliament passed the constitutional law on the neutrality of Austria. This sovereign decision of the Austrian State has nonetheless to be considered in the context of the beginning of the Cold War, the Moscow Memorandum and the Austrian State Treaty. Even if Swiss neutrality was seen as a model, the Austrian concept of permanent neutrality demonstrated its uniqueness. As early as 1955, Austria’s accession to membership in the United Nations indicated that its neutrality was based above all on its military character, and that this status did not prevent the Austrian state from taking part in international organizations. This doctoral thesis presents the various challenges faced by the Austrian Second Republic and how neutrality has influenced its strategic decision-making. The approach here is diachronic, since security and defense policy, as well as legal and political interpretation of neutrality, have evolved over time in order to adapt to changes in the international environment
4

Peniston-Bird, C. M. "The debate on Austrian national identity in the First Republic (1918-1938)." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2817.

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This thesis examines the debate over Austrian national identity in the interwar period (1918-1938), and deconstructs key components of national identity. These components include economic, historical, linguistic and certain cultural factors, the concept of a nation's mission, and the "national individual". The final area examined is tourism. It is postulated that tourism permits exploration of the bonds between humans and the environment which they inhabit, and has significant implications for national cohesion. Sources include contemporary and historical texts on the concept of nationhood and related areas; political, social and cultural histories pertaining to the First Republic; and primary source materials including parliamentary and cabinet minutes; the League of Nations' economic reports on Austria; newspapers, particularly those of pressure groups; individual monographs (of economists, teachers, politicians, theorists); as well as cultural output (literature, poetry, cinema, art, and satire). The two sides of the debate can be grouped into arguments pertaining to Austria's relationship to Germany, and arguments placing Austria into a wider European context. The roles of internal cohesion and the influence of the outside world on national identity are addressed. It is shown that the contribution of this period to the development of Austrian national identity has been underestimated: that the foundations for an independent Austria were laid in these years. The concept of national identity is explored and elucidated.
5

Abdul-Raheem, Tajudeen. "Politics in Nigeria's Second Republic : [1979-1983]." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332944.

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Hussaini, Umaru Sanda. "Civil-military relations during Nigeria's second republic." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304720.

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D'Arma, Alessandro. "Broadcasting policy in Italy's 'second republic' 1994-2006." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2007. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/9977w/broadcasting-policy-in-italy-s-second-republic-1994-2006.

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Based on extensive documentary research, this thesis provides an analysis of television policy in Italy’s Second Republic from 1994 to 2006, focusing on four distinct policy issues: the reform of broadcasting regulatory structures resulting in the establishment of a single communications authority (AGCom); the reform of ownership rules for terrestrial television; government approaches to public service broadcasting; and government policy on digital television.Drawing on the literature on comparative European broadcasting policy from social and political science, this thesis examines the ways in which a number of analytically distinct factors – technological change in the shape of digitalisation, the ascendancy of neo-liberalism in Western Europe, EU-level policies, and domestic politics – have interacted with each other and have contributed to shaping broadcasting policy in Italy in these years. The thesis assesses the record in office of the centre-left and centre-right governments and explains the key reasons for policy failure or success.‘Domestic Politics’, it is argued, remains a key factor that accounts for outcomes in broadcasting policy in Italy’s Second Republic. The analysis in particular shows that the governance of both RAI, the public broadcaster, and AGCom, the communications regulator, has been strongly party politicised in these years. The analysis also reveals the instrumentalisation by the centre-right governments led by Silvio Berlusconi (2001-2006) of industrial and socio-cultural policy goals associated with the transition to digital television to further sectional political and economic interests. Finally, ‘politics’ – referring in this case to Italy’s complex institutional structure of the highly fragmented party-system and executive-legislature relationships – is also a key factor to take into account in order to explain the key failures of the centre-left governments in the area of television policy between 1996 and 2001: both the failure to curb Mediaset’s dominant position in the television market through the enforcement of sector-specific media ownership regulation, and the failure to reform public service broadcasting.
8

Blaney, Gerald. "The Civil Guard and the Spanish Second Republic, 1931-1936." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2007. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2022/.

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This thesis seeks to understand the variety of factors that influenced the fairly widespread defection of much of the Spanish paramilitary constabulary, the Civil Guard, during the military rebellion that sparked the 1936-1939 Civil War. The significance of this phenomenon for the initial stages of the uprising has been recognised in the literature, but the explanations presented for it have been often either overly deterministic or focus too much on structural aspects, at the expense of social and historical factors. Indeed, most academic studies have conflated the issue of the Civil Guard with that of the "military problem", that is, the ubiquitous presence of the military in the political evolution of modern Spain, which often allowed the Spanish armed forces to interfere and eventually assume the control of the governing of the nation. This study, while noting the importance of the links between the Civil Guard and the military, gives equal if not greater importance to the fact that the former is primarily a policing body, and thus a variety of other dynamics have to be considered when attempting to understand the attitudes and actions of the corps. Indeed, while much of the military was detached from the daily workings of society, civil guards were on the front line of social conflict, and this unavoidably affected attitudes within the corps towards the viability of the Republic, and the legitimacy of its left- wing governments. Furthermore, the Civil Guard was not immune to the political passions of the day. Indeed, the antagonism between the Left and the Civil Guard reached a new intensity in the wake of the October 1934 Revolution, leading to a further deterioration when the leftist Popular Front coalition won the February 1936 elections. The polarization that infected Spanish politics during this period, as well as the increasing levels of social unrest and political violence, were key factors in influencing civil guards' loyalties once the military rebellion began in July 1936.
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Kerry, Matthew. "Radical politics in the Spanish Second Republic : Asturias, 1931-1936." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10084/.

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The revolutionary insurrection of October 1934 was a key event in the Spanish Second Republic. The process of “radicalisation” is frequently used to understand this event and this thesis re-evaluates how radicalism can be conceptualised, demonstrating that it was a historically contingent force and a dynamic and reactive process, resulting from a combination of factors and strategies. Rather than a narrow focus on labour reform, this thesis grounds radicalism in the social environment and communities of the coalfields, the practice of politics at local level and the struggles which emerged during the Republic. Local communities were more complex and divided than has frequently been portrayed, and this was crucial to the process of radicalisation. Radicalism and October 1934 cannot be understood without an appreciation of the particular political practice of the coalfields. Analysis of episodes of violence, boycotts and mobilisation over religious policy along with a re-evaluation of the role of the fascism enable us to understand what politics and the Republic meant in Asturias, and the dynamic process of radicalisation. The revolutionary insurrection of 1934 was an attempt to fashion a “revolutionary community”, which was formed in tension with previous experiences of community in the coalfield. The profound effects of repression on local communities were important for shaping the militant, radical, yet fragile, politics of the left in spring 1936. As such, this thesis, through an analysis of the everyday struggles and lived experience of the Second Republic, provides a complex and nuanced vision of both the coalfields and the wider Republic through an emphasis on the contingent nature of radicalism and changing idea of the Republic.
10

Petkanas, Zoe. "Politics of parity : gendering the Tunisian Second Republic, 2011-2014." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/276957.

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This dissertation explores the role of female political actors in the gendered rebuilding of Tunisia’s post-Ben Ali political infrastructure and how gender both informed and featured in the early stages of the democratic transition. Drawing on thirteen months of fieldwork and over 300 hours of interviews, it narrates a yet untold story of the transformation of female political actors from object to subject of the state. In the post-revolutionary political terrain, gender and women’s rights were imbued with broader discursive significance, becoming a vehicle through which to distinguish two broad political categories of Islamism and secularism, which showcased continuity with the historical deployment of gender in pre-independence and post-colonial authoritarian contexts. However, analysis of the development of gender parity legislation from its introduction in the interim electoral law in advance of the 2011 elections, through the constitutional and electoral law drafting processes, and its implementation in the 2014 elections, reveals the inadequacy of gender as a metaphor for broad political characterisations and the fluidity of the Tunisian political terrain as seen through a gendered lens. It was only through the collaborative work of female political actors across the ideological spectrum within the National Constituent Assembly that the foundational texts of the Second Republic were gendered, acknowledging and addressing the ways that the lived experiences of women, as socially and historically constituted subjects, can mediate access to rights. By virtue of this process, these female deputies, whose own subjectivities were transformed through interaction with male-dominated political institutions, enacted and embodied new modes of the female citizen as subject. Finally, in tracing the development of the gender parity laws through the formative years of Tunisian democracy, this dissertation illuminates the ways in which access to newly democratised political power remains gendered, mediated through the complex interplay between larger political, social, and economic structures.
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Books on the topic "Second Republic of Austria":

1

Rathkolb, Oliver. The paradoxical republic: Austria, 1945-2005. New York: Berghahn Books, 2010.

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Rathkolb, Oliver. The paradoxical republic: Austria, 1945-2005. New York: Berghahn Books, 2010.

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3

Ackerl, Isabella. The birth of the Republic of Austria. Vienna: Federal Press Service, 1993.

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Jelavich, Barbara. Modern Austria: Empire and republic, 1815-1987. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

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Jelavich, Barbara. Modern Austria: Empire and republic, 1815-1986. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

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Bundespressedienst, Austria, ed. Austria: Fin de siècle - first republic, 1880-1938. Vienna: Federal Press Service, 1986.

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Affairs, Great Britain Parliament House of Commons Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth. Convention on the accession of the Republic of Austria, the Republic of Finland and the Kingdom of Sweden to the Convention on the Law applicable to Contractual Obligations, opened for signature in Rome on 19 June 1980, and to the first and second protocols, on its interpretation by the Court of Justice, Brussels, 29 November 1996. London: Stationery Office, 2002.

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Lobitzer, Harald, and Christoph Janda. Fifty years of geological cooperation between Austria, the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic. Wien: Geologische Bundesanstalt, 2010.

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Stelzer, Manfred. The constitution of the republic of Austria: A contextual analysis. Oxford: Hart Pub., 2011.

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Njoku, Amby. Juggernauts of the Second Republic: A humorous account of democracy in Nigeria's Second Republic. Owerri: African Editions, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Second Republic of Austria":

1

Humble, Malcolm, and Raymond Furness. "The Literature of the Federal Republic of Germany and the Second Austrian Republic until 1968." In Introduction to German Literature, 1871–1990, 120–50. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23200-0_6.

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Humble, Malcolm, and Raymond Furness. "The Literature of the Federal Republic of Germany and the Second Austrian Republic from 1968 to 1990." In Introduction to German Literature, 1871–1990, 179–206. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23200-0_8.

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Morawetz, Andrea. "A Backward Republic or ‘Brave New Austria’? Market and Motivation Research in Dichter’s Home Country after the Second World War." In Ernest Dichter and Motivation Research, 188–204. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230293946_11.

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Bußjäger, Peter, and Christoph Schramek. "Austria (Federal Republic of Austria)." In The Forum of Federations Handbook of Federal Countries 2020, 41–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42088-8_4.

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Mugnier, Clifford J. "Republic of Austria." In Coordinate Systems of the World, 49–52. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003307785-12.

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Nowag, Julian. "Sustainability and Competition Law: An International Report." In Sustainability Objectives in Competition and Intellectual Property Law, 3–26. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44869-0_1.

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AbstractThe interaction between sustainability and competition law has recently come onto the agenda of many competition agencies and international institutions. The International League of Competition Law (LIDC) has thus decided to explore the topic at the LIDC Congress on 20–22 October 2022 in Milano. This report provides an introduction into the debate and overview about the different national reports which were submitted from 11 countries (namely Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Switzerland, United Kingdom) and are contained in this book. The report first sets out the general legal framework on the interaction between competition law and sustainability in the different countries. The second part of the report addresses specific interactions between competition law and sustainability, exploring cases in the areas of co-operation, cartels, abuse/monopolisation, and mergers. It is subdivided into a section looking at ‘shield’, in other words, whether companies that take action to foster sustainability can rely on that fact before competition authorities, and the role of competition law as a ‘sword’ (cases where protecting competition was in turn expected to be beneficial to sustainability). The third part addresses ‘greenwashing’. The fourth part explores how agencies, beyond specific cases, have become active in the area, for example by setting out priorities, guidelines, working papers, and individual guidance and strengthening capacity. The final part briefly highlights some of the contributions that the reports have mentioned in other closely related areas of law, such as false advertising or unfair competition.
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Hay, Bruce L. "Altmann v. Republic of Austria." In Nazi-Looted Art and the Law, 43–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64967-2_3.

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Weinzierl, Erika. "The Origins of the Second Republic: A Retrospective View." In Austria 1945–95, 3–28. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429463297-1.

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Schwank, Friedrich, and Merran Loewenthal. "Austria." In International Succession, 47–62. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198870463.003.0004.

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This chapter focuses on the local system of Austria—a civil law country. It describes the federal law of Austria, The Austrian General Civil Code (Allgemeines bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (ABGB)), which provides for uniform inheritance provisions throughout the entire Republic of nine provinces. This chapter also details the different forms of will in Austria: holograph, allograph, a will drawn in another’s handwriting, or typed, etc., but not prepared as a public document, An Oral or Unwritten Will, and A Deed of Inheritance. It then jumps to elucidate the statutory intestate succession under ABGB. It argues that the deceased’s blood relatives are entitled to inherit in the following bloodlines (stirpes): the first line: any children, whether legitimate or illegitimate, second line: parents and their issue, third line: grandparents and their issue, and fourth line: great-grandparents, but not their issue. Ultimately, the chapter turns to Austria's freedom of testation. It also looks at the Austrian inheritance laws and joint property.
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Bischof, Günter. "The Second Republic:." In The Austrian Second Republic (Contemporary Austrian Studies, Vol 31), 247–54. University of New Orleans Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/jj.3452820.17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Second Republic of Austria":

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Gollob, Bernhard. "Austria and Artistic Freedom: A Troubled History?" In Mezinárodní konference doktorských studentů oboru právní historie a římského práva. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0156-2022-9.

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Austria perceives itself as “cultural superpower”. Therefore, it seems fairly surprising that an own fundamental rights provision to protect the arts was positivised only in 1982. The socio-political situation in the perished Austrian Empire and the Weimar Constitution had a decisive impact on attempts to adopt a corresponding provision after World War One. Following the horrors of World War Two, the young Second Republic of Austria used arts and culture as tool to draw the picture of a peace-loving “Kulturnation” sui generis. In the following years a significant cleavage between the Austrian self-perception and the legal-political reality can be observed (also) in regard to Artistic Freedom. Neither Austria’s authoritarian past nor its Nazi past and related crimes had a significant impact on the legislative process.
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Tomelić, Emanuela. "Research on Kuna of Pelješac urban development." In Zajednički temelji 2023. - uniSTem : deseti skup mladih istraživača iz područja građevinarstva i srodnih tehničkih znanosti, Split, 14.-17. rujna, 2023. = Common Foundations 2023 - uniSTem : the tenth meeting of young researchers in the field of civil engineering and related technical sciences, 14-17 September 2023, Split. University of Split, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Geodesy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31534/10.zt.2023.20.

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In 1333 Pelješac came under the rule of the Republic of Dubrovnik, which carried out the first known division of the peninsula. The land was divided among the Dubrovnik nobility and serfdom relations were imposed on the local population, which lasted until the time of the Austro-Hungarian administration. The subject of this paper is research into the urban development in Kuna Pelješka, the central settlement of Pelješka Župa. Two main types of buildings can be distinguished in the present settlement, which has lost its original urban structure over time. The first type appears in the 15th century, at the time of the Dubrovnik Republic. At that time, settlements were built according to certain rules laid down in the Statute of Dubrovnik and other laws on building. The second type dates back to the 19th century, the time of Austria-Hungary, and is closely related to the improvement of the economic power of the local population, i.e. the flourishing of trade and shipping.
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Urdarević, Bojan. "USLUŽNE DELATNOSTI STAMBENIH ZADRUGA U REPUBLICI SRBIJI." In XIX majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xixmajsko.287u.

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Housing cooperatives in developed democratic societies are agents of active housing policy. Their role is to inform the public about current housing problems, issues and needs, and to put pressure on the ruling majority to make additional investments and consider improving and meeting housing needs. Housing cooperatives are often entrusted with the construction of affordable apartments (social housing), as well as their management. Unlike some European countries, for example Germany and Austria, where cooperatives built almost a fifth of the total number of apartments after the Second World War, in Serbia the state decided to abandon the management of housing policy and left it to the laws of the market. In this way, and as shown in the paper, the right to housing in the Republic of Serbia has become extremely expensive, almost unsustainable, and this has incalculable consequences for the youth and those who have yet to start a family.
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Urdarević, Bojan. "USLUŽNE DELATNOSTI STAMBENIH ZADRUGA U REPUBLICI SRBIJI." In XIX majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xvixmajsko.287u.

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Housing cooperatives in developed democratic societies are agents of active housing policy. Their role is to inform the public about current housing problems, issues and needs, and to put pressure on the ruling majority to make additional investments and consider improving and meeting housing needs. Housing cooperatives are often entrusted with the construction of affordable apartments (social housing), as well as their management. Unlike some European countries, for example Germany and Austria, where cooperatives built almost a fifth of the total number of apartments after the Second World War, in Serbia the state decided to abandon the management of housing policy and left it to the laws of the market. In this way, and as shown in the paper, the right to housing in the Republic of Serbia has become extremely expensive, almost unsustainable, and this has incalculable consequences for the youth and those who have yet to start a family.
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Szotkowski, Nicolas, and Tatiana Remencová. "Ownership structures of regional airports." In Práce a štúdie. University of Žilina, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/pas.z.2022.1.07.

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This paper is focused on regional airports and their ownership structures. The first part defines the basic terms such as airport and regional airport from a legal point of view. It describes airport ownership models in general, focusing on the traditional organizational ownership model, and then it describes processes such as decentralization, corporatization, commercialization and privatization. This part also contains the advantages and disadvantages of privatization. In the second part, it is focused on the current state of the issue, when there are described selected scientific studies that address the issue of ownership models. Attention is also focused on the Covid-19 pandemic, which had a strong impact on the regional airport. The main goal of the paper is to analyse the ownership structures of selected regional airports, which are located in Austria and the Czech Republic. In connection with ownership structures, it also monitors the achieved economic result of regional airports.
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Ignjatijević, Svetlana, and Jelena Vapa Tankosić. "ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN PERSONAL AND BUSINESS TRAVEL SERVICES." In The Sixth International Scientific Conference - TOURISM CHALLENGES AMID COVID-19, Thematic Proceedings. FACULTY OF HOTEL MANAGEMENT AND TOURISM IN VRNJAČKA BANJA UNIVERSITY OF KRAGUJEVAC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52370/tisc21517si.

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The world today is facing one of the worst pandemics in modern history. Around the world, financial markets are in serious difficulties, the consequences of which have begun to spill over into the tourism sector. Covid-19 has caused sharp contractions in economic development, reduced mobility and has contacted tourism flows as the international tourist arrivals in most world sub-regions recorded declines from -60% to -70%. The aim of this paper is to analyze the international travel in the field of personal and business travel in the period of 2010-2019 exported to and imported from the Republic of Serbia. The findings show that the international travel for personal purposes has achieved the greatest value over the years, the second place is taken by travel for business purposes, whereas education-related travel achieved the third place. Exported and imported values of the category Travel, Personal and Travel, Business has the highest value of exports and imports from Serbia to European Union (EU 28), with Germany, Greece, Austria and Italy having the highest flows of exported and imported values. In 2020 Asia and the Pacific, was the region to suffer the hardest impact of Covid-19. On the second place there is Europe, followed by the Americas, Africa and the Middle East.
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Dias, Rui, Nicole Horta, Catarina Revez, Paulo Alexandre, and Paula Heliodoro. "Risk Diversification in Central and Eastern European Capital Markets: Evidence from Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine." In 8th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.s.p.2022.1.

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Following the Revolution of Dignity in Ukraine in 2014, Russia an­nexed Crimea, while separatist forces supported by the Russian government seized part of the Donbas region in south-eastern Ukraine. Since the begin­ning of 2021, a build-up of Russian military presence has occurred along the Russia-Ukraine border. The United States and other countries have ac­cused Russia of planning an invasion of Ukraine. On February 24th, Putin announced a “special military operation,” supposedly to “demilitarize” and “denazify” Ukraine. In light of these events, the global economy and con­sequently the financial markets had significant structural breaks; based on these facts, this paper aims to analyze the synchronizations between the capital markets of Austria (Austrian Traded), Budapest (BUX), Bulgaria (SE SOFIX), Croatia (CROBEX), Russia (MOEX), Czech Republic (Prague SE PX), Ro­mania (BET), Slovakia (SAX 16), and Slovenia (SBI TOP), in the period from January 2nd, 2017 to May 6th, 2022. To perform this analysis and to get more robust results we divided the sample into two sub-periods: The first from January 2nd, 2017, to December 31st, 2019, with the second sub-peri­od called capital markets stress comprising the time lapse from January 1st, 2020, to May 6th, 2022. In order to answer the research question, we aim to find out, whether the Russian invasion of Ukraine accentuated interdepend­encies in Central/Eastern European financial markets. The time series do not show normal distributions, with the Russian market showing the high­est risk; we find that the markets broke down significantly, mostly in March 2022 arising from instability in the global economy. The results obtained suggest very significant levels of integration during the stress period in the capital markets analyzed, and we see that during the quiet period the Slo­vakian market tends to be highly integrated (8 out of 8 possible), while the Slovenian market shows no integration with its regional peers, which shows that we are dealing with a segmented market. These findings suggest that markets tend toward integration in periods of extreme volatility, calling into question the implementation of efficient portfolio diversification strategies.
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Živojinović, Dragica. "IZJAVE VOLjE ZA SLUČAJ POTONjE NESPOSOBNOSTI ZA SAMOSTALNO ODLUČIVANjE: ANTICIPIRANO ODLUČIVANjE PACIJENATA U EVROPSKIM PRAVIMA." In XV Majsko savetovanje: Sloboda pružanja usluga i pravna sigurnost. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xvmajsko.621z.

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The subject of this paper is the analysis of the methods of regulating the advance decision of patients at the level of the Council of Europe and in the countries of German legal tradition in order to underline the significance of this institute and the predispositions for its validity and applicability in concrete medical situations. In the first part of the paper, the author presents and assesses the regulations related to advance decision making adopted under the auspicies of the Council of Europe, mostly with the aim of its recoginition as the expression of people's autonomy and the right to self- determination, but then, also, with the aim of establishing the principles on which the member countries base this institute in their national legislations. The second part is devoted to the analysis of the methods of regulating the advance directives and advance powers of attorney in Switzerland, Germany and Austria. In the conclusion, the author underlines the value of this institute and the need of the Republic of Serbia, the member of the Council of Europe, to harmonize its regulations on this matter with European standards. In that context, Serbia needs to acknowledge and establish the conditions under which a patient may in advance, in case of his subsequent incapacity, refuse or accept to be the subject of a certain medical treatment or designate a person who will make decisions on his behalf and under certain instructions related to his health. Here the author points to some issues that need to be adequtely solved , such as: the validity of declarations of consent, their registration, the monitring of their execution, etc.
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"EXPERIENCE IN REGULATING THE STATE BUDGET IN THE REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA." In Russian science: actual researches and developments. Samara State University of Economics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46554/russian.science-2020.03-2-201/203.

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Кукушкина, И. А. "Austria 1918–1920: From Empire to Federation." In Конференция памяти профессора С.Б. Семёнова ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ЗАРУБЕЖНОЙ ИСТОРИИ. Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55000/semconf.2023.3.3.031.

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В статье анализируется становление австрийского федеративного государства в 1918–1920 гг. В течение этого времени Австрия прошла путь от классической империи с монархической формой правления к федеративной республике. Государство возникло на части территории Австро-Венгрии в результате ее распада осенью 1918 г., причиной которого стал рост национально-освободительных движений населявших ее народов. Становление австрийского государства происходило двумя путями: «сверху», через взаимодействие политических партий, и «снизу», благодаря инициативе земель. Законами от 30.10 и 12.11.1918 провозглашалось создание республики Немецкая Австрия как части немецкого государства. В 1920 г. была принята демократическая конституция, закрепившая федеративное государственное устройство. Поскольку принятию Конституции предшествовали переговоры между представителями политических партий и земель, ее можно характеризовать как договор. Важнейшим источником австрийской конституции стал Сен-Жерменский мирный договор, которым утверждалась независимость Австрии. В соответствии с ним государство стало называться «Республика Австрия». Автор приходит к выводу об успешности создания австрийского федеративного государства в годы Первой республики. Федерализм как принцип государственного устройства предотвратил дезинтеграцию собственно австрийских земель и заложил основы государственности Австрии. Одновременно он способствовал развитию самостоятельности, инициативы и культурного многообразия австрийских земель. Социал-демократы, придя к власти в Вене, получили возможности проведения там социальных реформ «Красной Вены». The article analyzes the formation of the Austrian federal state in 1918-1920. During this time, Austria went from a classical empire with a monarchical form of government to a federal republic. The state was created on a part of the territory of Austria-Hungary, which disintegrated in the autumn of 1918, due to the growth of national liberation movements of the peoples dwelling in the empire. The formation of the Austrian state took place in two ways: through the interaction of political parties, and thanks to the initiative of the lands (Länder). The acts of 30.10 and 12.11.1918 proclaimed the foundation of the republic of German Austria as part of the German state. In 1920 a democratic constitution was adopted, which created the Austrian Federation. The Constitution can be characterized as a contract, because its adoption was preceded by negotiations between representatives of political parties and lands. An important source of the Austrian constitution was the Saint-Germain Peace Treaty, which consolidated the independence of Austria. In accordance with it, the state became known as the "Republic of Austria". The author comes to the conclusion about the success of the creation of the Austrian federation in the years of the First Republic. Federalism as a principle of state structure prevented the disintegration of the Austrian lands and laid the foundations of Austrian statehood. At the same time, it promoted the development of autonomy, initiative and cultural diversity of the Austrian lands. The Social Democrats who came to power in Vienna were given the opportunity to carry out social reforms of the "Red Vienna" there.

Reports on the topic "Second Republic of Austria":

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Biegelbauer, Peter, Christian Hartmann, Wolfgang Polt, Anna Wang, and Matthias Weber. Mission-Oriented Innovation Policies in Austria – a case study for the OECD. JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2020.493.

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In recent years, mission-oriented approaches have received growing interest in science, technology and innovation (STI) policies against the background of two developments. First, while so-called “horizontal” or “generic” approaches to research, technology and innovation policies have largely been successful in improving the general innovation performance or the rate of innovation, there are perceived limitations in terms of insufficiently addressing the direction of technological change and innovation. Second, “grand societal challenges” emerged on policy agendas, such as climate change, security, food and energy supply or ageing populations, which call for thematic orientation and the targeting of research and innovation efforts. In addition, the apparent success of some mission-oriented initiatives in countries like China, South Korea, and the United States in boosting technological development for purposes of strengthening competitiveness contributed to boosting the interest in targeted and directional government interventions in STI. Against the backdrop of this renewed interest in mission-oriented STI policy, the OECD has addressed the growing importance of this topic and launched a project looking into current experiences with Mission-Oriented Innovation Policy (MOIP). The present study on MOIP in Austria was commissioned by the Austrian Federal Ministry for Climate Action, Energy, Mobility, Environment, Innovation and Technologiy (BMK) and comprises the Austrian contributions to this OECD project. The study aims at contributing Austrian experiences to the international debate and to stimulate a national debate on MOIP.
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Suarez, David, Ana María Linares, Jose Ignacio Sembler, Monika Huppi, Juan Carlos Di Tata, and Saleema Vellani. Country Program Evaluation: Dominican Republic (2009-2013). Inter-American Development Bank, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010572.

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This Country Program Evaluation (CPE) for the Dominican Republic covers the period 2009-2013. The evaluation is structured into four chapters, plus annexes. Chapter I analyzes the general context in the country from two perspectives. First, the structural characteristics of the country's growth model are briefly described. Second, the main economic events during the 2009-2013 period covered by the Bank's program are described. Chapter II provides a general analysis of the Bank's program in 2009-2013, with particular reference to the relevance of the country strategy, together with analysis of the program actually implemented. Chapter III provides a sector-based analysis of the implementation, effectiveness, and sustainability of the operations, and of the level of progress towards the Bank's proposed strategic objectives. Chapter IV presents conclusions and recommendations. Lastly, the annexes present the sectoral analyses upon which the evaluation's findings are based.
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Ripani, Laura, Ferdinando Regalia, and Carola Álvarez. The Education Sector in the Dominican Republic: Overachievements and Underperformance. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008745.

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This study analyzes the challenges the Dominican Republic faces to increase educational levels, particularly of the poor, making the case that, in the regional context, the Dominican Republic educational system is simultaneously an overachiever in education enrollment and an underperformer in attainments. Where things fall apart is in turning this attendance record into years of schooling, a very rough firstpass measure of skills. The main reason for divergent performance (high enrollment but very low attainment) is high repetition rates. The Dominican Republic's main challenge is to understand and address the causes of repetition and weak progression. This will most likely require a host of interventions to improve equity of access to good-quality education both in rural and urban marginal areas and to ease supply bottlenecks in the second cycle of primary education in rural areas and in secondary education in both urban and rural areas. This will require a sustainable increase in both the level and efficiency of public expenditures on primary and, even more, on secondary education.
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Kaisler, Raphaela, and Thomas Palfinger. Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement (PPIE): Funding, facilitating and evaluating participatory research approaches in Austria. Fteval - Austrian Platform for Research and Technology Policy Evaluation, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2022.551.

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The LBG OIS Center established a new Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement (PPIE) Implementation program aiming at ‘active involving’ public members in research across different phases of the research cycle – from setting the agenda to disseminating results – and its governance. The program offers funding and facilitation of these PPIE activities. The first PPIE pilot call was launched in Autumn 2020. It supports researchers in Austria with up to EUR 60.000 in order to implement their PPIE activities. In addition, the program offers support in the form of consultation, training, knowledge exchange and networking opportunities. One important characteristic of the selection process is the composition of the expert panel, bringing together transdisciplinary expertise from different areas (scientific experts, patients, and students). The expert panel recommended 11 out of 25 PPIE projects for funding (success rate 44%). 45% of the applicants participated in the support offers prior to the call and 52% in the continuing support offer after the call had been closed. Based on our online surveys, overall, participants were very satisfied with the support offers. Learnings of the first call address the eligibility of applicants. In the selection meeting, we found that different understandings of ‘active involvement’ were negotiated among experts. However, this was not a problem due to the open and collaborative atmosphere and mutual learning opportunity for experts. The panel suggested opening the call to non-research bodies, which indicates small changes in the application format – e.g. video and text-based applications in German and English. Despite of small adaptions in the second PPIE Pilot Call 2021, it seems that the funding instrument was appropriate and reflects a low-threshold offering for researchers introducing public involvement activities in their work.
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Leoni, Paolo, and Gunnar Lennermo. Integration concepts of decentral ST systems in DHC. IEA SHC Task 55, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task55-2020-0016.

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This factsheet focuses on the integration hydraulics and control of central ST systems in DHC. The first part gives an overview of decentral feed-in: international state of the art (including comparison and selection criteria of the different integration schemes), hydraulics and components, details of the return-to-supply scheme (challenges, pump operation, control). The second part describes concepts for the secondary-side integration of ST without feed-in. The third part illustrates selected best-practice examples in Austria (Wasserwerke Andritz and Berlinerring in Graz) and Sweden (Ystad).
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Prysyazhnyi, Mykhaylo. UNIQUE, BUT UNCOMPLETED PROJECTS (FROM HISTORY OF THE UKRAINIAN EMIGRANT PRESS). Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11093.

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In the article investigational three magazines which went out after Second World war in Germany and Austria in the environment of the Ukrainian emigrants, is «Theater» (edition of association of artists of the Ukrainian stage), «Student flag» (a magazine of the Ukrainian academic young people is in Austria), «Young friends» (a plastoviy magazine is for senior children and youth). The thematic structure of magazines, which is inferior the association of different on age, is considered, by vital experience and professional orientation of people in the conditions of the forced emigration, paid regard to graphic registration of magazines, which, without regard to absence of the proper publisher-polydiene bases, marked structuralness and expressiveness. A repertoire of periodicals of Ukrainian migration is in the American, English and French areas of occupation of Germany and Austria after Second world war, which consists of 200 names, strikes the tipologichnoy vseokhopnistyu and testifies to the high intellectual level of the moved persons, desire of yaknaynovishe, to realize the considerable potential in new terms with hope on transference of the purchased experience to Ukraine. On ruins of Europe for two-three years the network of the press, which could be proud of the European state is separately taken, is created. Different was a period of their appearance: from odnogo-dvokh there are to a few hundred numbers, that it is related to intensive migration of Ukrainians to the USA, Canada, countries of South America, Australia. But indisputable is a fact of forming of conceptions of newspapers and magazines, which it follows to study, doslidzhuvati and adjust them to present Ukrainian realities. Here not superfluous will be an example of a few editions on the thematic range of which the names – «Plastun» specify, «Skob», «Mali druzi», «Sonechko», «Yunackiy shliah», «Iyzhak», «Lys Mykyta» (satire, humour), «Literaturna gazeta», «Ukraina і svit», «Ridne slovo», «Hrystyianskyi shliah», «Golos derzhavnyka», «Ukrainskyi samostiynyk», «Gart», «Zmag» (sport), «Litopys politviaznia», «Ukrains’ka shkola», «Torgivlia i promysel», «Gospodars’ko-kooperatyvne zhyttia», «Ukrainskyi gospodar», «Ukrainskyi esperantist», «Radiotehnik», «Politviazen’», «Ukrainskyi selianyn» Considering three riznovektorni magazines «Teatr» (edition of Association Mistciv the Ukrainian Stage), «Studentskyi prapor» (a magazine of the Ukrainian academic young people is in Austria), «Yuni druzi» (a plastoviy magazine is for senior children and youth) assert that maintenance all three magazines directed on creation of different on age and by the professional orientation of national associations for achievement of the unique purpose – cherishing and maintainance of environments of ukrainstva, identity, in the conditions of strange land. Without regard to unfavorable publisher-polydiene possibilities, absence of financial support and proper encouragement, release, followed the intensive necessity of concentration of efforts for achievement of primary purpose – receipt and re-erecting of the Ukrainian State.
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Manzetti, Luigi, and Carlos Rufín. Private Utility Supply in a Hostile Environment: The Experience of Water, Sanitation and Electricity Distribution Utilities in Northern Colombia, the Dominican Republic and Ecuador. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008886.

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This report examines the problems of theft, nonpayment and political opportunism in the aftermath of privatization by considering the recent experiences of four private utilities in Latin America that operate in water and sanitation, and electricity supply. The basis for the analysis that follows is primarily the information supplied by participants in two workshops held at the Inter-American Development Bank in Washington, D.C., on September 9th and November 19th, 2004. The first workshop dealt with theft and nonpayment, and the second addressed political opportunism. In addition, participants at each workshop discussed the experiences of two utilities, one in electricity and one in water, with the intention of extracting common lessons applicable to different types of network utilities rather than specific to a single sector. The workshops provided the opportunity for utility managers and IDB staff to present their experiences. The second workshop also included regulators.
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Bain, Luchuo Engelbert, and Darja Dobermann. Malaria, HIV and TB in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Epidemiology, Disease Control Challenges and Interventions. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.034.

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Malaria, human immune deficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) are leading causes of death and public health threat to millions in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The DRC is the second most malaria affected sub-Saharan African country after Nigeria, with malaria being the leading cause of death in children under 5 years (Lechthaler et al., 2019). The HIV prevalence in the country in the adult population stands at 1%, with extensive variations by region (UNAIDS, 2021c). The DRC is considered a high burden country for TB and HIV infection (Linguissi et al., 2017). This rapid review emphasizes significant elements of the epidemiology of malaria, HIV, and TB in DRC, as well as limitations in prevention, detection, and treatment, and examines a few interventions that aim to address these limitations. Evidence utilised is a mixture of the most recent grey literature NGO (programme reports and related documents) literature supplemented by peer reviewed academic literature from the past five years and national survey data when available. Although the clinical disease aspects of malaria, HIV and TB are well-researched there is less research available on socio-demographic variation, disease control challenges and interventions targeting these in the DRC. This is part of a series of reports looking into Epidemiology of Malaria, human immune deficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) across a set of African Nations.
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Deza, María Cecilia, Tatiana Andrea Gélvez Rubio, Diana Gutiérrez Preciado, H. Xavier Jara, and David Arturo Rodríguez Guerrero. Assessing the Effect of Fiscal Policies on the Gender Income Gap in Central America, Panama and the Dominican Republic. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012901.

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Persistent gender economic differences have led to an extensive amount of literature devoted to the gender wage gap. However, wages are only one component of income for women and men, and self-employment income, non-labour income, taxes, pensions, and benefits are mostly omitted from the analysis. In this paper we contribute to the small but growing literature of gendered fiscal incidence by studying the effect of taxes, social insurance contributions and benefits on the gender gaps in disposable income for five Central American countries: El Salvador, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Panama, and Dominican Republic. Our analysis makes use of tax-benefit microsimulation models based on representative household surveys for each country. We compare results for 2019 and for a year afterwards for each country to determine if there are differences due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Three sets of findings are worth highlighting. Firstly, the tax-benefit systems of Panama and Costa Rica have the largest redistributive effect measured by the size of taxes and benefits at the upper and lower part of the disposable income distribution respectively. Second, Costa Rica is the country that close the gender income gap the most, while in the other countries the tax benefit system does not have an important effect in this regard. Thirdly decomposition of the raw disposable income gender gap indicates that a) labour income is the biggest contributor to the gap in all countries and periods analyzed with a very minor role for tax-benefit instruments. b) almost half of the gap is explained by differences in attributes such as education, age, or geographical location, so a significant gap remains unexplained c) differences in employment rates between genders are less important than differences in remunerations.
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Gnutzmann-Mkrtchyan, Arevik, and Jules Hugot. Gravity-Based Tools for Assessing the Impact of Tariff Changes. Asian Development Bank, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps220053-2.

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Abstract:
The first tool estimates the impact on bilateral trade for 5,020 products in a partial equilibrium framework. The second quantifies the general equilibrium impact on bilateral aggregate trade, allowing estimates of trade reallocation and welfare changes. The paper uses these to estimate the impact for Armenia of tariff changes including (i) alignment with the external tariff of the Eurasian Economic Union, (ii) free trade agreements between the Eurasian Economic Union and other economies—Iran and the People’s Republic of China, and (iii) loss of beneficiary status for the European Union’s Generalised Scheme of Preferences.

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