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Journal articles on the topic 'Second Order Rotatable Designs'

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Published: 8 September 2023

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1

Das, Rabindra Nath. "Robust Second Order Rotatable Designs : Part I." Calcutta Statistical Association Bulletin 47, no. 3-4 (September 1997): 199–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008068319970306.

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In Panda and Das ( Cal. Statist. Assoc. Bull., 44, 1994, 83-101) a study of rotatable designs with correlated errors was initiated and a systematic study of first order rotatable designs was attempted. Various correlated structures of the errors were considered. This two-part article relates to a thorough study on robust second order rotatable designs (SORD's) under violation of the usual homoscedasticity assumption of the distribution of errors. Under a suitable autocorrelated structure of the dispersion matrix of the error components, we examine existence and construction of robust rotatable designs. In part I, general conditions for rotatability have been derived and special cases have been examined under autocorrelated structure of the errors. Starting with the usual SORD's (under the uncorrelated error setup), we have discussed a method of construction of SORD's with correlated errors under the autocorrelated structure. An illustrative example is given at the end. In part II,we propose to examine robustness of the usual SORD's with emphasis on properties such as weak rotatability, with due consideration as to the cost involved.

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2

Emily, Otieno-Roche. "Construction of Second Order Rotatable Simplex Designs." American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics 6, no. 6 (2017): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20170606.16.

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3

Das, Rabindra Nath, Partha Pal, and Sung H. Park. "Modified Robust Second-Order Slope-Rotatable Designs." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 44, no. 1 (December 2014): 80–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610926.2012.732183.

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4

Das, Rabindra Nath. "Robust Second Order Rotatable Designs Part II (RSORD)." Calcutta Statistical Association Bulletin 49, no. 1-2 (March 1999): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008068319990106.

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5

Bhatra Charyulu, N. Ch, A. Saheb Shaik, and G. Jayasree. "New Series for Construction of Second Order Rotatable Designs." European Journal of Mathematics and Statistics 3, no. 2 (March 8, 2022): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejmath.2022.3.2.46.

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Second order Rotatable designs have good significance in response surface methodology. In this paper, two new seriesfor the construction the same using Binary Ternary Designs were presented with illustrated examples.

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6

Emily, Otieno-Roche. "Construction of Weighted Second Order Rotatable Simplex Designs (Wrsd)." American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics 6, no. 6 (2017): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20170606.17.

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7

Nath Das, Rabindra, Sung H. Park, and Manohar Aggarwal. "On D-optimal robust second order slope-rotatable designs." Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 140, no. 5 (May 2010): 1269–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jspi.2009.11.012.

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8

Victor Babu, B. Re, and V. L. Narasimhant. "Construction of second order slope rotatable designs through balanced incomplete block designs." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 20, no. 8 (January 1991): 2467–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610929108830644.

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9

Das, Rabindra Nath, Sung H. Park, and Manohar Aggarwal. "Robust Second-Order Slope-Rotatable Designs with Maximum Directional Variance." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 39, no. 5 (February 25, 2010): 803–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610920902796064.

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10

Victorbabu, B. Re. "Modified second-order slope rotatable designs with equi-spaced levels." Journal of the Korean Statistical Society 38, no. 1 (March 2009): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jkss.2008.07.001.

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11

Das, Rabindra Nath. "Slope Rotatability with Correlated Errors." Calcutta Statistical Association Bulletin 54, no. 1-2 (March 2003): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008068320030105.

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In Das (Cal. Statist. Assoc. Bull. 47, 1997. 199 -214) a study of second order rotatable designs with correlated errors was initiated. Robust second order rotatable designs under autocorrelated structures was developed. In this paper, general conditions for second order slope rotatability have been derived assuming errors have a general correlated error structure. Further, these conditions have been simplified under the intra-class structure of errors and verified with uncorrelated case.

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12

Kim, Jinseog, Rabindra Nath Das, Poonam Singh, and Youngjo Lee. "Robust second-order rotatable designs invariably applicable for some lifetime distributions." Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods 28, no. 6 (November 30, 2021): 595–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.29220/csam.2021.28.6.595.

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13

Anjaneyulu, G. V. S. R., D. N. Varma, and V. L. Narasimham. "A note on second order slope rotatable designs over all directions." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 26, no. 6 (January 1997): 1477–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610929708831994.

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14

Koukouvinos, C., K. Mylona, A. Skountzou, and P. Goos. "A General Construction Method for Five-Level Second-Order Rotatable Designs." Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation 42, no. 9 (October 2013): 1961–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610918.2012.687062.

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15

Victorbabu, B. Re. "Modified Second Order Slope Rotatable Designs using Symmetrical Unequal Block Arrangements with two Unequal Block Sizes." Mapana - Journal of Sciences 5, no. 1 (June 21, 2006): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12723/mjs.8.3.

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16

Mwan, D., M. Kosgei, and S. Rambaei. "DT- optimality Criteria for Second Order Rotatable Designs Constructed Using Balanced Incomplete Block Design." British Journal of Mathematics & Computer Science 22, no. 6 (January 10, 2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bjmcs/2017/34288.

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17

Guravaiah, B. "On Construction of Three Level Variance-Sum Second Order Slope Rotatable Designs." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 3 (March 31, 2021): 651–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.33299.

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18

Mutiso, J. M., G. K. Kerich, and H. M. Ng’eno. "CONSTRUCTION OF FIVE LEVEL SECOND ORDER ROTATABLE DESIGNS USING SUPPLEMENTARY DIFFERENCE SETS." Advances and Applications in Statistics 49, no. 1 (September 6, 2016): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17654/as049010021.

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19

Huda, Shahariar. "On a Problem of Increasing the Efficiency of Second-order Rotatable Designs." Biometrical Journal 32, no. 4 (January 19, 2007): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bimj.4710320405.

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20

Panda, Rajendranath. "Sequential Quality-Quantity Type Second Order Rotatable Design." Electronic Notes in Discrete Mathematics 15 (May 2003): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1571-0653(04)00559-1.

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21

Isaac Kipkosgei, Tum. "Construction of twenty-six points specific optimum second order rotatable designs in three dimensions with a practical example." International Journal of Advanced Statistics and Probability 8, no. 1 (February 18, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijasp.v8i1.30122.

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This quadratic response surface methodology focuses on finding the levels of some (coded) predictor variables x = (x1u, x2u, x3u)' that optimize the expected value of a response variable yu from natural levels. The experiment starts from some best guess or “control” combination of the predictor variables (usually coded to x = 0 for this case x1u=30, x2u=25 and x3u =40) and experiment is performed varying them in a region around this center point.We go further to construct a specific optimum second order rotatable design of three factors in twenty-six points. The achievement of this is done with estimation of the free parameters using calculus in an existing second order rotatable design of twenty-six points. Such a design permits a response surface to be fitted easily and provides spherical information contours besides the realizations of optimum combination of ingredients in Agriculture, horticulture and allied sciences which results in economic use of scarce resources in relevant production processes. The expected second order rotatable design model in three dimensions is available where the responses would then facilitate the estimation of the linear and quadratic coefficients. An example involving Phosphate (x1u), Nitrogen (x2u) and Potassium (x3u) is used to represent the three factors in the coded level and converted into natural levels.

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22

Mutiso, J. M., G. K. Kerich, and H. M. Ng’eno. "CONSTRUCTION OF FIVE LEVEL MODIFIED SECOND ORDER ROTATABLE DESIGNS USING SUPPLEMENTARY DIFFERENCE SETS." Far East Journal of Theoretical Statistics 52, no. 5 (November 12, 2016): 333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17654/ts052050333.

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23

Victorbabu, B. Re, and K. Rajyalakshmi. "A New Method of Construction of Robust Second Order Rotatable Designs Using Balanced Incomplete Block Designs." Open Journal of Statistics 02, no. 01 (2012): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojs.2012.21005.

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24

Victorbabu, B. Re, and K. Rajyalakshmi. "A New Method of Construction of Robust Second Order Slope Rotatable Designs Using Pairwise Balanced Designs." Open Journal of Statistics 02, no. 03 (2012): 319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojs.2012.23040.

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25

Park, Sung H., and Hyo T. Kwon. "Slope-rotatable designs with equal maximum directional variance for second order response surface models." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 27, no. 11 (January 1998): 2837–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610929808832258.

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26

Chiranjeevi, P. "Second Order Rotatable Designs of Second Type using Symmetrical Unequal Block Arrangements with Two Unequal Block Sizes." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 2 (February 28, 2021): 515–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.33139.

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27

Rajyalakshmi, K., and B. Re Victorbabu. "An Empirical Study of Second Order Rotatable Designs under Tri-Diagonal Correlated Structure of Errors using Incomplete Block Designs." Sri Lankan Journal of Applied Statistics 17, no. 1 (April 28, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljastats.v17i1.7842.

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28

Matundura Mwan, Dennis. "Two Combined Alphabetic Optimality Criteria for Second Order Rotatable Designs Constructed Using Balanced Incomplete Block Design in Four Dimensions." International Journal of Data Science and Analysis 4, no. 2 (2018): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijdsa.20180402.11.

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29

Victorbabu, B. Re, and Ch V. V. S. Surekha. "Construction of measure of second order slope rotatable designs using symmetrical unequal block arrangements with two unequal block sizes." Journal of Statistics and Management Systems 15, no. 4-5 (July 2012): 569–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09720510.2012.10701642.

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30

Sulochana, B., and B. Re Victor Babu. "A STUDY ON SECOND ORDER SLOPE ROTATABLE DESIGNS UNDER TRI-DIAGONAL CORRELATED STRUCTURE OF ERRORS USING A PAIR OF BALANCED INCOMPLETE BLOCK DESIGNS." Advances and Applications in Statistics 65, no. 2 (December 10, 2020): 189–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.17654/as065020189.

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31

Tum, Isaac, John Mutiso, and Joseph Koske. "Modeling of rose coco beans using twenty four points optimum second order rotatable design." International Journal of Advanced Statistics and Probability 5, no. 2 (November 9, 2017): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijasp.v5i2.8445.

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The response surface methodology (RSM) is a collection of mathematical and statistical techniques useful for the modeling and analysis of problems in which a response of interest is influenced by several variables, and the objective is to optimize the response. The objective of the study was to model the rose coco beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) through an existing A-optimum and D-efficient second order rotatable design of twenty four points in three dimensions in a greenhouse setting using three inorganic fertilizers, namely, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Thus, the objective of the study was accomplished using the calculus optimum value of the free/letter parameter f=1.1072569. This was done by estimating the parameters via least square's techniques, by making available for the yield response of rose coco beans at calculus optimum value design for the first time. The results showed that, the three factors: nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contributed significantly on the yield of rose coco beans (p<0.05). In GP3G, the second-order model was adequate for 1% level of significance with p value of 0.0034. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) of response surface for rose coco yield showed that this design was adequate due to satisfactory level of a coefficient of determination, R2, 0.8066 and coefficient variation, CV was 10.30. This study demonstrated the importance of statistical methods in the optimal and efficient production of rose coco beans. We do recommend a randomize screening of all the fertilizer components with which it has influence on rose coco beans be done to ascertain the right initial amount of each fertilizer that could achieve maximum yield than this study realized.

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32

Ng’eno, Haron Mutai. "Measure of rotatability of modified five-level second-order rotatable design using supplementary difference sets." Statistical Theory and Related Fields 3, no. 1 (November 13, 2018): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24754269.2018.1545203.

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33

Timothy Gichuki, Kabue, Koske Joseph, and Mutiso John. "The D-, A-, E- and T-optimal Values of a Second Order Rotatable Design in Four Dimension Constructed Using Balanced Incomplete Block Designs." American Journal of Applied Mathematics 8, no. 3 (2020): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajam.20200803.12.

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34

Mohammadzadeh, A., M. Azadbeh, and Sabahi Namini. "Densification and volumetric change during supersolidus liquid phase sintering of prealloyed brass Cu28Zn powder: Modeling and optimization." Science of Sintering 46, no. 1 (2014): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos1401023m.

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An investigation has been made to use response surface methodology and central composite rotatable design for modeling and optimizing the effect of sintering variables on densification of prealloyed Cu28Zn brass powder during supersolidus liquid phase sintering. The mathematical equations were derived to predict sintered density, densification parameter, porosity percentage and volumetric change of samples using second order regression analysis. As well as the adequacy of models was evaluated by analysis of variance technique at 95% confidence level. Finally, the influence and interaction of sintering variables, on achieving any desired properties was demonstrated graphically in contour and three dimensional plots. In order to better analyze the samples, microstructure evaluation was carried out. It was concluded that response surface methodology based on central composite rotatable design, is an economical way to obtain arbitrary information with performing the fewest number of experiments in a short period of time.

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35

Shevko, Viktor М., Yerbol Ye Akylbekov, Gulnara Ye Karataeva, and Alexandra D. Badikova. "Recycling of chrysotile-asbestos production waste." Metallurgical Research & Technology 119, no. 4 (2022): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2022050.

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The article examines results of studies on the effect of temperature, amount of carbon and pressure on the possibility of obtaining iron silicides and gaseous magnesium by carbon-thermal reduction of silicon and magnesium oxides containing in chrysotile-asbestos waste products. The studies were carried out using the HSC-6.0 software package (Outokumpy) and the second-order rotatable designs (Box-Hunter plans). It has been established that technology allows us to increase αSi(al), for example, at 1400 °C from 89.6 to 96.75%, reduce undesirable losses of silicon with gaseous SiO from 8.97 to 2.08% and slightly increase αMg(gas) from 97.41 to 97.54%. The alloy formed at 1300 °C contains 28.7% of silicon and corresponds to FS25 grade ferrosilicon.

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36

Tum, Isaac, Joseph Koske, and John Mutiso. "Optimal and efficient production of rose coco beans through the twenty-four points second order rotatable design." International Journal of Advanced Statistics and Probability 6, no. 1 (December 15, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijasp.v6i1.8552.

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The yield results of the twenty four points response surface methodology (RSM) design permitted a response surface to be fitted easily and provided spherical information contours besides the realizations of an optimum combination of the fertilizers in rose coco beans, which resulted in economic use of scarce resources for optimal production of rose coco beans. In this study an existing A-optimum and D-efficient second order rotatable design in three dimensions was used to produce rose coco beans optimally and efficiently. The general objective of the study was to produce rose coco beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) optimally and efficiently using an existing A-optimum and D-efficient twenty four points second order rotatable design in three dimensions in a greenhouse setting using three inorganic fertilizers, namely, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Thus the study was accomplished using the calculus optimum value of the free/letter parameter f=1.1072569. The specific objectives were to estimate the linear parameters, thereby making available for the yield response of rose coco beans at calculus optimum value design for the first time, fitted and tested the model adequacy via lack of fit test, and then found the setting of the experimental factors that produces optimal response using contour plots to assist visualizes the response surfaces. This study demonstrated the importance of statistical methods in the optimal and efficient production of rose coco beans. The results showed that the three factors: nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contributed significantly on the yield of rose coco beans (p<0.05). The regression coefficients were determined by employing least square's techniques to predict quadratic polynomial model for group 3 greenhouse (GP3G) for the three fertilizer combinations. In GP3G, the second-order model was adequate at 1% level of significance with a p-value of 0.0034. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) of response surface for rose coco yield showed that this design was adequate due to satisfactory level of a coefficient of determination, R2, 0.8066 (GP3G) and coefficient variation, CV was 10.30. The canonical analysis showed that there was the saddle point for GP3G, meaning there was no unique optimum; therefore, ridge analysis was used to overcome the saddle problem. The result from ridge analysis provided the maximum yield of 70.25grams for the three fertilizer combinations at radii of one. We, therefore, recommend the use of GP3G design since it gave the required coefficient of determination (R2=80.66) and the maximum yield (70. 25grams) was achieved.

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37

Omwando Cornelious, Nyakundi. "Construction of Thirty Six Points Second Order Rotatable Design in Three Dimensions with a Practical Hypothetical Case Study." International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering 5, no. 6 (2019): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31695/ijasre.2019.33270.

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38

Rajyalakshmi, K., and B. Re Victorbabu. "Construction of second order slope rotatable designs under tri-diagonal correlated structure of errors using symmetrical unequal block arrangements with two unequal block sizes." Journal of Statistics and Management Systems 21, no. 2 (March 4, 2018): 201–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09720510.2017.1420527.

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39

Orlova, O. I., M. V. Prosviryakova, O. V. Mikhailova, G. V. Novikova, A. A. Tikhonov, A. A. Belov, and G. M. Toboev. "Development and substantiation of the electrodynamic parameters of a continuous operation radio wave installation for the heat treatment of eggs." Agrarian science 1, no. 11 (January 15, 2023): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2022-364-11-94-102.

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Introduction. The existing methods of cooking eggs in water and with steam have a high energy intensity. Currently, the problem of continuity of the technological process is still not solved. That is why, in order to reduce energy consumption, reduce water consumption and intensify the process of heat treatment of eggs, we consider it relevant to use the energy of the electromagnetic field of super high frequency (SHFEMF) in a special temperature regime without using water.Methodology. Three-dimensional modeling of the installation was carried out in the Compass 18.0 program, the justification of the heat treatment modes was carried out by analytical methods, to identify the optimal parameters (energy consumption and temperature regime) of the proposed installation, second-degree least squares polynomials were used, in particular, a rotatable second-order planning matrix, statistical analysis of the matrix was carried out in a software package for statistical analysis Statistica 12, confirmation of analytical data with empirical data was carried out in the CST Microwave Studio program for three-dimensional modeling of electromagnetic field propagation processes in the Eigenmode calculation module, where patterns of electric and magnetic field intensity distribution in a spherical resonator were studied.Results. The structural design of the conveyortype radio wave installation allows for heat treatment of eggs when moving in dielectric cups through slotted spherial resonators. The borehole of the process is less than 0.5 due to the location of the cups in the resonators and between them in relation 4:9. The value of the resonator's own Q-factor reaches 8800. The visualization in the program shows a uniform distribution of the electric field in the resonator, with a voltage of 1.5–3 kV/cm, which ensures high sterility of the product. From the regression models compiled on the basis of the matrix of rotatable planning of the second-order experiment, it follows that the effective duration of exposure to EMF is 154 s, the specific energy costs are equal to 143 Wh/kg. The speed of rotation of the conveyor gear motor is 0.4 rpm.

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40

Mokshin, Vadim, and Vladas Vekteris. "Research of Tribological Properties of Mineral Motor Oil with Cholesteryl Stearate Additive." Solid State Phenomena 147-149 (January 2009): 552–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.147-149.552.

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Results of tribological research of mineral motor oil with and without twisted nematic liquid crystal additive (stearic acid cholesteryl ester) are presented in the article. Experimental research was performed by means of a “fixed segment – rotating roller” tribometer according to the central three-factor second-order rotatable factorial design. The following parameters were accepted as controllable factors: contact pressure (3.32–6.68 MPa), concentration of liquid crystal in lubricant (0.16–1.84 ) and the average height of surface roughness of contacting surfaces of roller and segment (2.5–37.5 μm). The friction coefficient and friction zone temperature were served as output parameters. Regression equations describing the friction process were obtained and tribological efficiency of liquid crystal additive was established.

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41

Katoch, Sunain, Vinay Sharma, P. P. Kundu, and M. B. Bera. "Optimization of PET Glycolysis Process by Response Surface Methodological Approach: A Two-Component Modelling Using Glycolysis Time and Temperature." ISRN Polymer Science 2012 (March 21, 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/630642.

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Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for predicting the optimal condition of glycolysis time and temperature in the recycling of PET scrap. Central composite rotatable design (CCRD) for two variables at four levels was chosen as the experimental design. The data obtained from measurement of properties were fitted as a two variable second-order equation and were plotted as 3D surface plots using programme developed in MATLAB v.5. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the validity of model. The optimum operating conditions for glycolysis time and temperature were 6.5 h and 180°C, respectively. Under these optimal conditions, the hydroxyl value and glycolysis conversion percentage was 38.14 mgKOH/g and 95%, respectively, at the 0.97 desirability level, whereas the acid value and number average molecular weight () at the same desirability level were 12.2 mgKOH/g and 695 g/mol, respectively.

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42

Moore, Ronald W., K. M. Eskridge, P. E. Read, and T. P. Riordan. "OPTIMIZING CALLUS INITIATION USING STOLON NODAL SEGMENTS OF BUFFALOGRASS NE84-609 AND A RESPONSE SURFACE DESIGN." HortScience 26, no. 6 (June 1991): 766C—766. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.6.766c.

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The concept that greater callus mass will induce competence was investigated. The second most immature nodal segments were removed from heavily fertigatcd greenhouse grown plants. Shoots initiated from those nodes were only cut back to one-third their total length. They were subjected to the following treatments: (1) dicamba from 1μM to 5μM in increments of 1.0; (2) B5 medium salt concentrations from 1/3x to 5/3x in increments of 1/3; (3) sucrose levels from 2% to 10% in increments of 2; (4) casein hydrolysate from 0 to 200mg/l in increments of 50. The experiment consisted of twenty-five different treatment combinations in a central composite rotatable second order design. Explants were placed in continuous cool white fluorescent light at 26°C. Dicamba, B5 salts, and sucrose had significant effects on callus mass (p<.12), while casein hydrolysate had no notable effects on callus mass (p ≥ .57). It was determined that optimum response occurred at 5/3x concentration of B5 salts, 10% sucrose, and 5.0μM dicamba. White, compact calli were observed in treatment combinations that yielded callus fresh weights of two-hundred milligrams or higher.

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43

Ramesh, R., S. Suresh Kumar, V. Sivaraman, and R. Mohan. "Finite Element Analysis and Simulation of Al 7075 Alloy Joints Produced by Friction Stir Welding." Applied Mechanics and Materials 766-767 (June 2015): 1116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.766-767.1116.

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The present work is mainly carried out to study the distribution of temperature in friction stir welded plate of Aluminium alloy. A 3-D finite element simulation model was developed to predict temperature distribution and residual stress in Friction Stir Welding (FSW) of Al 7075 alloy. The effect of angular velocity of tool, axial load and welding speed on the heat generated between the tool and plate to be welded was investigated. The simulations obtained were based on three factor five level central composite rotatable design. Second order polynomial equations for predicting the temperature was developed. Residual stresses for friction stir welded plates due to thermal cycles were predicted. The maximum temperature developed in friction stir welded plated increases with the increase of rotational speed of tool and axial load where as it decreases with increase in welding speed.

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44

Muñoz, Antonio Jesús, Francisco Espínola, Manuel Moya, and Encarnación Ruiz. "Biosorption of Pb(II) Ions byKlebsiellasp. 3S1 Isolated from a Wastewater Treatment Plant: Kinetics and Mechanisms Studies." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/719060.

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Lead biosorption byKlebsiellasp. 3S1 isolated from a wastewater treatment plant was investigated through a Rotatable Central Composite Experimental Design. The optimisation study indicated the following optimal values of operating variables: 0.4 g/L of biosorbent dosage, pH 5, and 34°C. According to the results of the kinetic studies, the biosorption process can be described by a two-step process, one rapid, almost instantaneous, and one slower, both contributing significantly to the overall biosorption; the model that best fits the experimental results was pseudo-second order. The equilibrium studies showed a maximum lead uptake value of 140.19 mg/g according to the Langmuir model. The mechanism study revealed that lead ions were bioaccumulated into the cytoplasm and adsorbed on the cell surface. The bacterium Klebsiellasp. 3S1 has a good potential in the bioremoval of lead in an inexpensive and effective process.

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45

Rahman, N. F. N. N. A., H. Hashim, and S. I. Zubairi. "Optimization of concentration and exposure time of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) for the development of hydrophobic coating of drying chamber of spray dryer." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1200, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 012044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1200/1/012044.

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Abstract Modelling was applied using response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite rotatable design (CCRD) in order to establish the optimum conditions for applying PTFE on borosilicate glass to create a hydrophobic surface coating. Two experimental operating conditions of concentration and exposure time of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) were optimized, obtaining high contact angle value, and showed high hydrophobic characteristics for PTFE-coated plate. Multiple linear regression analysis was implemented to develop a second-order polynomial model for the response. Results indicated that the most significant (p<0.05) factors influencing the contact angle value of the PTFE-coated plate were the main effect of concentration of PTFE. When the PTFE concentration increases, the plate’s contact angle also increases. The optimum conditions to maximize the value of contact angle (113.23°) for hydrophobic characteristics were a PTFE concentration of 9.17% and a PTFE exposure time of 6 minutes. The experimental results met what was predicted, indicating the model suitability for hydrophobic conditions optimization for the plate. This research indicated a good optimization of a PTFE solution in developing hydrophobic surface on a PTFE-coated plate.

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Büyüksönmez, Fati˙h, Thomas F. Hess, Ronald L. Crawford, Andrzej Paszczynski, and Richard J. Watts. "Optimization of Simultaneous Chemical and Biological Mineralization of Perchloroethylene." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 6 (June 1, 1999): 2784–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.6.2784-2788.1999.

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ABSTRACT Optimization of the simultaneous chemical and biological mineralization of perchloroethylene (PCE) by modified Fenton’s reagent and Xanthobacter flavus was investigated by using a central composite rotatable experimental design. Concentrations of PCE, hydrogen peroxide, and ferrous iron and the microbial cell number were set as variables. Percent mineralization of PCE to CO2 was investigated as a response. A second-order, quadratic response surface model was generated and fit the data adequately, with a correlation coefficient of 0.72. Analysis of the results showed that the PCE concentration had no significant effect within the tested boundaries of the model, while the other variables, hydrogen peroxide and iron concentrations and cell number, were significant at α = 0.05 for the mineralization of PCE. The 14C radiotracer studies showed that the simultaneous chemical and biological reactions increased the extent of mineralization of PCE by more than 10% over stand-alone Fenton reactions.

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Banik, Anirban, Suman Dutta, Tarun Kanti Bandyopadhyay, and Sushant Kumar Biswal. "Prediction of maximum permeate flux (%) of disc membrane using response surface methodology (RSM)." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 46, no. 4 (April 2019): 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2018-0007.

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The paper investigates increasing permeate flux (%) of the disc membrane which can improve the quality of rubber industrial effluent of Tripura. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the independent influencing parameters to improve the permeate flux. The effect of different influencing parameters like operating pressure, membrane pore size, and inlet feed velocity on membrane permeate flux were studied to determine the optimum operating conditions within the predefined boundary. The experiments were pre-planned and designed according to central composite rotatable design, and second-order polynomial regression model was developed for regression and analysis of variance study. Results show the membrane has maximum permeate flux (%) when the operating pressure is 14.50 Pa, pore size is 0.20 μm, and inlet feed velocity is 2.10 m/s. The Pareto analysis in the study established that the inlet velocity was the most influential parameter in the model equation.

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CABO, M. L., L. PASTORIZA, G. SAMPEDRO, MªP GONZÁLEZ, and M. A. MURADO. "Joint Effect of Nisin, CO2, and EDTA on the Survival of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecium in a Food Model System." Journal of Food Protection 64, no. 12 (December 1, 2001): 1943–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-64.12.1943.

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A study on the joint effect of either nisin or Nisaplin, headspace CO2 levels, and EDTA on the survival of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecium was carried out in a water-soluble fish muscle extract at 3°C using a second-order rotatable factorial design. E. faecium was completely deactivated by all processing after 2 days of storage. In contrast, P. aeruginosa was much less susceptible to treatments, and cell death was satisfactorily described by two models. Nisin increased cell death, whereas Nisaplin (commercial form of nisin) was not suitable, as it caused undesirable interference, presumably due to its co-compounds. Interactions between Nisaplin or nisin and either EDTA or CO2 were found to be nonstatistically significant. Factors that could account for this unexpected lack of synergism are discussed. However, a statistically significant positive interaction was found between CO2 and EDTA. This finding could allow CO2 levels to be decreased and hence to reduce the main disadvantages of CO2 application, namely, exudation and acidification.

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Hernández-Díaz, J. R., A. Quintero-Ramos, J. Barnard, and R. R. Balandrán-Quintana. "Functional Properties of Extrudates Prepared with Blends of Wheat Flour/Pinto Bean Meal with Added Wheat Bran." Food Science and Technology International 13, no. 4 (August 2007): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013207082463.

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Blends made of wheat flour and bean meal at various levels of moisture and bran content, were subjected to extrusion cooking by varying temperature and screw speed. Extrudates were analysed for expansion index, bulk density, apparent viscosity, water absorption index and water solubility index using a second-order rotatable central composite design. Excepting water absorption index, functional properties were significantly affected ( p<0.05) by levels of moisture, bran or extrusion conditions. Expansion index decreased with increasing levels of moisture in the blends; for bran the effect was the inverse. Response surface solution for apparent viscosity was maximum at 24% levels of moisture, 209r.p.m., 180°C and 10% bran. For water absorption index the response surface solution was a saddle point, with a minimum at 29% levels of moisture, 232r.p.m., 177°C and 25% bran. The higher apparent viscosity and lower absorption index reflected minor damage to starch and proteins, which was attributed to a protective role of the added fibre.

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Ola, O. T., R. L. Valdez, K. M. Oluwasegun, O. A. Ojo, K. Chan, A. Birur, and J. Cuddy. "Process variable optimization in the cold metal transfer weld repair of aerospace ZE41A-T5 alloy using central composite design." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 105, no. 11 (November 16, 2019): 4827–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-04584-3.

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AbstractThe pulsed cold metal transfer (CMT+P) process was evaluated for the repair of aerospace structural components made from ZE41A-T5 magnesium alloy. The choice of welding variables was considered to be unique for the material type, weld design and geometry, and application-specific requirements. A design of experiment (DOE) method based on a rotatable 3D central composite design (CCD) was used to systematically establish relationships between independent welding variables and the resultant output variables of the CMT+P process, including the development of mathematical models based on second-order polynomial. A multiple response desirability function approach was then used for process optimization. The CMT+P process produced high-quality welds in the alloy. Welding process variables were established to produce desired weld penetration and weld reinforcement and complete fusion with minimal weld defects. Optimal domains of the independent variables were achieved; where the welds comply with the application-specific (repair of gearbox housing) requirements and acceptable class A weld quality of the aerospace fusion welding standard AWS D17.1.

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