Relevant bibliographies by topics / Second language speech production

Academic literature on the topic 'Second language speech production'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Second language speech production"

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Crookes, Graham. "Second Language Speech Production Research." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 13, no. 2 (June 1991): 113–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263100009918.

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Recent SLA theory development, supported by related developments in cognitive psychology, has made the study of SL speech production, hitherto neglected, a promising area of work. Recent developments in L1 production studies have provided a gradually strengthening foundation for investigations of L2 production with both use and acquisitional concerns. This article briefly sketches the current first language position as a necessary preliminary to a critical discussion of recent SL production research with particular regard to methodology.
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Temple, Liz. "Second language learner speech production." Studia Linguistica 54, no. 2 (August 2000): 288–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9582.00068.

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Sunderman, Gretchen. "Speech production and second language acquisition." International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 12, no. 2 (March 2009): 246–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13670050802149382.

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Poulisse, Nanda. "Models of Second Language Production." EUROSLA 6 55 (January 1, 1996): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.55.12pou.

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The article discusses to what extent bilingual models of speech production can account for the fact that L2 speakers are generally, but not always, able to select LI words when speaking the LI and L2 words when speaking the L2. After a brief discussion of word selection in monolingual models of speech production, two bilingual models are presented. In one of these, LI and L2 systems form separate subsets which are activated in their entirety. In the other one there is only one network containing both LI and L2 items, and the language feature plays a role in activating individual lexical items. It is argued that the second representation has the advantage of being more efficient, because it allows one to explain the selection of a single LI word to be used in L2 speech without having to activate the entire LI system. The first model cannot give an efficient explanation for the language switches violating the matching principle proposed by Bierwisch & Schreuder (1993), which entails that a lemma is selected only if it includes all and only those of the semantic features contained in the chunk to be lexicalized. The article also addresses the chunking problem. Since there is no one-to-one correspondence between concepts and words, speakers need to cut up their messages into lexicalizable chunks. It is suggested that both LI and L2 speakers may follow an informed trial-and-error procedure based on their experiences with language(s) involved. Since there is no look-ahead, speakers do occasionally rum into lexical problems. In view of the matching principle, the only way to solve these problems is to go through the processes of conceptualization and chunking again.
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Yuan, Boping, and Lulu Zhang. "An incremental model of second language speech production mechanisms: Developmental evidence from object ellipsis in second language Chinese speech production." International Journal of Bilingualism 24, no. 4 (November 15, 2019): 783–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006919886666.

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Aims: This study investigates object ellipsis in English and Korean speakers’ second language (L2) Chinese speech production and the effects of first language (L1) influence in L2 Chinese speech production. Design: 59 English speakers and 64 Korean speakers at various Chinese proficiency levels, as well as 16 native speakers of Chinese, participated in the study. In addition to an acceptability judgement test, an utterance-recall task was employed in the study to prime participants for relevant structures. Findings: There are early stages where derivations, such as move, deletion, etc., are not implemented in L2 speech production, although at later stages L2 speech production mechanisms can converge with that of native speakers. No evidence of L1 influence is found, and L2 learners are found to behave differently in the utterance-recall task and the sentence acceptability judgement task. Originality: The study includes data from L2 Chinese learners from beginner to advanced levels and provides a comprehensive picture of structural priming effects on the development of L2 speech production. Implications: There is a discontinuity in the development of L2 speech production mechanisms, and the development of the mechanisms is incremental in nature. Mechanisms for L2 language comprehension are different from those for L2 speech production, at least as far as L2 at the early stages is concerned.
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Sundara, Megha, Nancy Ward, Barbara Conboy, and Patricia K. Kuhl. "Exposure to a second language in infancy alters speech production." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 23, no. 5 (January 29, 2020): 978–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728919000853.

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AbstractWe evaluated the impact of exposure to a second language on infants’ emerging speech production skills. We compared speech produced by three groups of 12-month-old infants while they interacted with interlocutors who spoke to them in Spanish and English: monolingual English-learning infants who had previously received 5 hours of exposure to a second language (Spanish), English- and Spanish-learning simultaneous bilinguals, and monolingual English-learning infants without any exposure to Spanish. Our results showed that the monolingual English-learning infants with short-term exposure to Spanish and the bilingual infants, but not the monolingual English-learning infants without exposure to Spanish, flexibly matched the prosody of their babbling to that of a Spanish- or English-speaking interlocutor. Our findings demonstrate the nature and extent of benefits for language learning from early exposure to two languages. We discuss the implications of these findings for language organization in infants learning two languages.
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ODLIN, TERENCE. "Speech Production and Second Language Acquisitionby KORMOS, JUDIT." Modern Language Journal 92, no. 2 (June 2008): 323–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2008.00729_3.x.

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Konyakhina, Liudmila, and Andrey Ivanov. "Musical Competence and Second Language Learning." Nizhny Novgorod Linguistics University Bulletin, no. 54 (June 30, 2021): 149–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.47388/2072-3490/lunn2021-54-2-149-164.

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In recent years, we have witnessed a renewal of interest in the language — music relationship due to the development of cognitive science and the advent of brain imaging methods, such as positron emission tomography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, magnetoencephalography, electroencephalography, and event-related brain potentials, which has led to a number of major discoveries. The relationship between music and language has been examined from many different perspectives. Taken together, these findings indicate that musical competence positively influences some aspects of speech processing, from auditory perception to speech production and may benefit second language acquisition. In this review, we focus on the main results of the current research, discuss several interpretations that may account for the influence of musical competence on speech processing in native and foreign languages, and propose new directions for future research.
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Liu, Yu. "Relating Lexical Access and Second Language Speaking Performance." Languages 5, no. 2 (April 13, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages5020013.

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Vocabulary plays a key role in speech production, affecting multiple stages of language processing. This pilot study investigates the relationships between second language (L2) learners’ lexical access and their speaking fluency, speaking accuracy, and speaking complexity. Fifteen L2 learners of Chinese participated in the experiment. A task-specific, native-referenced vocabulary test was used to measure learners’ vocabulary size and lexical retrieval speed. Learners’ speaking performance was measured by thirteen variables. The results showed that lexical access was significantly correlated with learners’ speech rate, lexical accuracy, syntactic accuracy, and lexical complexity. Vocabulary size and lexical retrieval speed were significant predictors of speech rate. However, vocabulary size and lexical retrieval speed each affected learners’ speaking performance differently. Learners’ speaking fluency, accuracy, and complexity were all affected by vocabulary size. No significant correlation was found between lexical retrieval speed and syntactic complexity. Findings in this study support the Model of Bilingual Speech Production, revealing the significant role lexical access plays in L2 speech production.
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Harada, Tetsuo. "Limited effects of early language learning on second language speech production." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 125, no. 4 (April 2009): 2727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4784484.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Second language speech production"

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Lukach, Melanie. "Speech production processing in the second language." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6779.

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The phenomenon of foreign accent has long been a topic of linguistic theory. Neufeld proposes that speech production, especially at the phonological level, is hampered by the use of (conscious or unconscious) knowledge that speakers have about the L2--metalinguistic knowledge. Those who begin acquiring an L2 after the age of five focus more on structural correctness than younger learners, and tend to use this metalinguistic knowledge more often. Thus even among balanced bilinguals, on an experiment designed to induce focus on form, older learners should perform more speech errors and dysfluencies than native speakers or early bilinguals, and tend to correct more. This pattern should be even more pronounced in learners who have acquired their L2 in a formal (school) context. An experiment consisting of five tasks was designed to test these three points of Neufeld's Pre- and Post-Articulatory Verification (PAV) model. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Préfontaine, Yvonne Marie. "Fluency in French : a psycholinguistic study of second language speech production and perception." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.658086.

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This thesis presents the results of a mixed methods study examining L2 utterance and perceived fluency in French under three different task conditions, an area in which little empirical research has been conducted from a psycholinguistic perspective. It investigated the following speech production and perception issues: (1) automated utterance fluency measures and their relationship to perceived task difficulty, (2) participants' and raters' perceptions of fluency and their link to utterance fluency measures and task complexity, and (3) speech characteristics that most influenced judgments of fluent performance. The study took place in a French immersion context in a university setting in Quebec, Canada. Forty English-speaking adults, varying in proficiency level, responded to three narrative speech tasks differing in cognitive demand. Utterance fluency was operationalized by a set of six temporal variables and measured by automated speech analysis software. Perceived fluency was assessed quantitatively by participants' and raters' fluency ratings, and qualitatively by justifications of the speech characteristics which most influenced raters' impressions.
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Leather, Jonathan Haworth. "Speech pattern elements in second language acquisition : perception and production of Chinese tonal contrasts." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295152.

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Kato, Kazue. "Second language (L2) segmental speech learning : perception and production of L2 English by Japanese native speakers." Thesis, University of Essex, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413228.

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Cope, Elizabeth. "The Influence of Task Type on Speech Production by Second Language Learners of German: An Electropalatographic Study." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7703.

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Electropalatography (EPG) is a computer-based system that tracks and measures contact patterns between the tongue and palate during speech production. The present study is focused on how the lingua-palatal contact patterns of native English speakers learning German as a second language (L2) differ as a function of task type. The fricatives ich-Laut [ç] and ach-Laut [x] were used as the target sounds, placed in nonsense words, short sentences, and spontaneous speech. The productions of the fricatives in the varying speech tasks were gathered from 12 university students enrolled in their second semester of a university level course of German. Comparisons were made using electrode mappings, percentages of regional contact, duration, and center of gravity measures. Duration measures showed that nonsense words were found to have the greatest duration for both fricatives when compared to the other task types. Percentage of activation measures showed that [ç] presented with similar activation in the medial and posterior regions of the palate across task type, whereas the activation in medial and posterior regions for [x] were found to differ more significantly across task type. Specifically, short sentences and spontaneous speech had similar posterior activation, but differed in medial activation, while nonsense words were different in both regions. Center of gravity measures were also greater in short sentences and spontaneous speech compared to nonsense words for [x]. It is anticipated that the data and information in this thesis will provide insights into the role of linguistic task type and EPG technology as instructional tools for L2 learners.
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DeMasi, Teresa. "Clear speech effects for vowels produced by monolingual and bilingual talkers." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002110.

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Avello, Pilar. "L2 phonological development in speech production during study abroad." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/128624.

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The present study investigates the impact of a 3-month study abroad (SA) period on second language (L2) phonological development in speech production by means of acoustic-phonetic measures, as well as listeners’ assessment of perceived foreign accent (FA). Speech samples were collected from 23 bilingual Spanish/Catalan learners of English before (Pre-test) and after (Post-test) SA. Acoustic-phonetic measures consisted of measurements for voice onset time (VOT) in voiceless plosives and for vowel duration and quality, together with error rate scores resulting from the computation of pronunciation errors. Perceived FA measures were obtained from a group of native listeners (n=20) and another group of non-native listeners (n=37) who performed a rating task. Results failed to yield a large effect of SA in VOT and vowel measures, although they indicated a slight decrease in perceived FA and a significant improvement in error rate scores after SA. High correlations were found between the acoustic-phonetic measures and the FA ratings.
Este estudio investiga el impacto de una estancia de 3 meses en el extranjero (ES) en la producción oral de una segunda lengua (L2) a través de medidas fonético-acústicas y de percepción del acento extranjero. El corpus está constituido por datos orales recogidos de un grupo de 23 aprendices de inglés hablantes nativos de español y catalán. Las muestras de habla fueron recogidas antes (Pre-test) y después (Post-test) de la ES. Las medidas fonético-acústicas incluyen el análisis de la aspiración en oclusivas sordas y de duración y cualidad vocálicas, así como la computación de errores de pronunciación. Las medidas de percepción del acento extranjero fueron proporcionadas por un grupo de oyentes nativos (n=20) y otro grupo de oyentes no nativos (n=37). Los resultados no arrojan mejoras tras la ES en las medidas de producción vocálica y de aspiración, a la vez que indican una ligera mejora en cuanto a la producción de acento extranjero y un descenso significativo en el número de errores de pronunciación. Se hallaron asimismo correlaciones altas entre las medidas fonético-acústicas y las de percepción del acento extranjero.
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Bianchi, Michelle. "Effects of clear speech and linguistic experience on acoustic characteristics of vowel production." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002084.

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Shaeffer, Alexandra Courtney. "Complaints in L2 French: perception and production across social contexts." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6500.

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Complaining happens in all cultures, and offers a unique insight into the values, taboos, and communicative practices of a given society. The ways in which complaining is viewed and performed vary drastically not only cross-culturally, but across smaller communal groups and between individuals, too. This dissertation approaches complaining from a multilateral perspective to investigate how individuals in three different language groups – monolingual French speakers, monolingual English speakers, and native English speakers enrolled in upper-division university French courses – perceive and produce complaints as well as the influential role played by social context. In the perception study, the researcher explores how individuals within the examined language groups identify the presence of complaints and perceive their naturalness when presented with contextualized scenarios involving native speakers. In the production study, the researcher examines both the frequency with which individuals complain and the strategies they employ to perform a complaint in various social situations. Additionally, within the production study the researcher examines the frequency with which participants opt out from complaining and their provided rationale for doing so. This dissertation not only identifies a variety of universal linguistic and sociocultural features of complaints, it also uncovers several aspects distinctive to the individual language groups. At the core of this dissertation is the argument that to best understand complaint behavior, researchers should acknowledge the essential influence of social context on both the perception and production of complaints. Above all, future research must consider the complex and dynamic interplay that exists between cross-cultural complaint behaviors and social norms of politeness.
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Yang, Bei. "A model of Mandarin tone categories--a study of perception and production." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/764.

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The current study lays the groundwork for a model of Mandarin tones based on both native speakers' and non-native speakers' perception and production. It demonstrates that there is variability in non-native speakers' tone productions and that there are differences in the perceptual boundaries in native speakers and non-native speakers. There are four experiments in this study. Experiment 1 utilizes native speakers' production data from a published speech database to explore the features of tone production by native speakers. Inter-speaker normalization is used to analyze the data. Experiment 2 synthesizes 81 tones that are carried by four sentences to measure perception by native and non-native speakers. The intra-speaker and inter-speaker normalization is used to investigate the perceptual space of T1, T2, T3, and T4. The researcher also explores the salient features distinguish native speakers' and non-native speakers' perception of the four principal tones. Experiment 3 uses both synthesized tones and natural tones that are carried by sentences to explore how pitch values of tones create overlapping areas in the perceptual map. Experiment 4 examines tone production by non-native speakers to identify the differences between native speakers' perception and non-native speakers' production; and the differences between non-native speakers' perception and their production of tones. The results of the perception and production experiments with native speakers show the perceptual boundaries and tonal categories in the perceptual space and the production space. The difference of native speakers' perception and production shows us the perceptual cue for perception. Meanwhile, the similarities of native speakers' perception and production reveal the acoustic cues, including register and contour, for tone perception and production. The results of the perception experiments with non-native speakers indicate that there are no clear boundaries, and that tone overlap in the perceptual space. Register plays an important role in the perception of tones by non-native speakers. The results of non-native speaker production also show overlapping tones in the acoustic space. The non-native speaker production appears to be determined by the contour of the tones in contrast both the contour and register determine the tonal categories of native speaker.
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Books on the topic "Second language speech production"

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Speech production and second language acquisition. Mahwah, N.J: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2006.

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Kormos, Judit. Speech production and second language acquisition. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2005.

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Williams, Simon. Disfluency and Proficiency in Second Language Speech Production. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12488-4.

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Poulisse, Nanda. Slips of the tongue: Speech errors in first and second language production. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins, 1999.

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Kiritani, Shigeru, Hajime Hirose, and Hiroya Fujisaki, eds. Speech Production and Language. Berlin, Boston: DE GRUYTER, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110809411.

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James, Allan, and Jonathan Leather, eds. Second-Language Speech. Berlin, New York: DE GRUYTER MOUTON, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110882933.

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Bohn, Ocke-Schwen, and Murray J. Munro, eds. Language Experience in Second Language Speech Learning. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lllt.17.

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Tatham, Mark. Speech production and perception. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.

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Allan, James, and Leather Jonathan, eds. Second-language speech: Structure and process. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1997.

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Fundamentals of language production and apperception. Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, 2016.

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Book chapters on the topic "Second language speech production"

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Tatham, Mark, and Katherine Morton. "Second Language Acquisition." In Speech Production and Perception, 270–77. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230513969_11.

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Kormos, Judit. "Chapter 2. Speech production and the Cognition Hypothesis." In Second Language Task Complexity, 39–60. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tblt.2.06ch2.

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Kadota, Shuhei. "Shadowing for L2 speech production." In Shadowing as a Practice in Second Language Acquisition, 99–131. New York, NY : Routledge, [2019] | Series: Routledge research in language education: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351049108-4.

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Huang, Becky H., and Rica Ramírez. "Research Methods for Evaluating Second Language Speech Production." In Research Methods for Understanding Child Second Language Development, 84–101. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367815783-6.

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Thomson, Ron I. "The Relationship Between L2 Speech Perception and Production." In The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition and Speaking, 372–85. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003022497-32.

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Williams, Simon. "Silent Pauses." In Disfluency and Proficiency in Second Language Speech Production, 31–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12488-4_2.

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Williams, Simon. "Self-Corrections." In Disfluency and Proficiency in Second Language Speech Production, 179–212. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12488-4_6.

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Williams, Simon. "Introduction." In Disfluency and Proficiency in Second Language Speech Production, 1–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12488-4_1.

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Williams, Simon. "Repetitions." In Disfluency and Proficiency in Second Language Speech Production, 147–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12488-4_5.

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Williams, Simon. "Prolongations." In Disfluency and Proficiency in Second Language Speech Production, 117–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12488-4_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Second language speech production"

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Fedorova, Maria, Tatiana Vinnikova, and Irina Churilova. "Students’ Readiness For Speech Production In The Second Language." In International Conference on Language and Technology in the Interdisciplinary Paradigm. European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.12.73.

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Kim, Mi-Ryoung. "The effects of first-language sound change on second-language speech production." In 164th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America. ASA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4774303.

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Efstathopoulou, Niki-Pagona. "The influence of second language learning on speech production by Greek/English bilinguals." In ExLing 2006: 1st Tutorial and Research Workshop on Experimental Linguistics. ExLing Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36505/exling-2006/01/0025/000025.

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Suemitsu, Atsuo, Takayuki Ito, and Mark Tiede. "An electromagnetic articulography-based articulatory feedback approach to facilitate second language speech production learning." In ICA 2013 Montreal. ASA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4800660.

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Akahane-Yamada, Reiko, Erik McDermott, Takahiro Adachi, Hideki Kawahara, and John S. Pruitt. "Computer-based second language production training by using spectrographic representation and HMM-based speech recognition scores." In 5th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 1998). ISCA: ISCA, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1998-722.

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Tomme-Jukēvica, Ingēra. "THE TYPES OF ERRORS IN THE SPEECH PRODUCTION OF PRESCHOOLERS ACQUIRING LATVIAN AS THE SECOND LANGUAGE IN AN INSTRUCTIONAL SETTING." In 11th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2019.1836.

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Lahodová, Marie. "Speech acts of request and apology realised by Czech students of English as a foreign language: Selected findings of a pilot study." In Eighth Brno Conference on Linguistics Studies in English. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9767-2020-6.

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During the second half of the 20th century, there was a shift in focus in second-language-acquisition research from linguistic competence to communicative and pragmatic competence (Hymes 1972, Canale & Swain 1980, Bachman 1990, Bachman & Palmer 1996, Usó-Juan & Martínez-Flor 2006). This resulted in a growing number of studies on speech acts in general. Motivated by a lack of studies on the speech acts of apology in conversations of Czech learners of English as a foreign language, my study aims to shed light on request and apology strategies used by Czech university students. The aim of this paper is to present the findings of a pilot investigation into the speech acts of apology and request. The first aim of the study is to compare two data collection techniques: the open-ended written discourse completion task (DCT) and the oral production task (OPT). The second aim is to investigate the use of request and apology strategies by Czech learners of English. The findings suggest that both of the data collection techniques produced very similar data. In terms of requests, most respondents opted for a conventional indirect strategy. In terms of apologies, respondents opted for statements of remorse, offers of repair and account.
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Akahane-Yamada, Reiko, Yoh'ichi Tohkura, Ann R. Bradlow, and David B. Pisoni. "Does training in speech perception modify speech production?" In 4th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 1996). ISCA: ISCA, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1996-153.

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Altinkaya, Mehmet, and Arnold W. M. Smeulders. "Assisted Speech to Enable Second Language." In MM '20: The 28th ACM International Conference on Multimedia. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3423325.3423735.

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Oshimat, Kiyoshi, and Vincent L. Gracco. "Mandibular contributions to speech production." In 2nd International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 1992). ISCA: ISCA, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1992-246.

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Reports on the topic "Second language speech production"

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Bailey, Troy. Spectrographic Analysis of Second Language Speech: Investigating the Effects of L1. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6586.

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2

Chorna, Olha V., Vita A. Hamaniuk, and Aleksandr D. Uchitel. Use of YouTube on lessons of practical course of German language as the first and second language at the pedagogical university. [б. в.], September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3253.

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Integration of ICT significantly increases the possibilities of the educational process and extends the boundaries of the educational sphere as a whole. Publicly available resources, such as e-mail, blogs, forums, online applications, video hosting sites, can serve as the basis for building open learning and education. Informational educational technologies of learning foreign languages are in the focus of this study. The article represents the results of theoretical analysis of content on the subject of its personal- and didactic-definite orientation, as well as some aspects of the practical use of commonly used YouTube video materials in the process of teaching German as the first or second foreign language in higher education, namely at the pedagogical university. Taking into account the practical experience of using the materials of several relevant thematic YouTube channels with a fairly wide constant audience, a concise didactic analysis of their product is presented and recommendations on converting video content into methodological material in the framework of practical course of German language by future teachers are offered. Due to the suggested recommendations, the following tasks can be solved: enrichment of the vocabulary; semantization of phraseological units, constant figures of speech, cliché; development of pronunciation skills; expansion of linguistic competence; improving listening and speaking skills; increasing motivation to learn, etc.
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González-Montaña, Luis Antonio. Semantic-based methods for morphological descriptions: An applied example for Neotropical species of genus Lepidocyrtus Bourlet, 1839 (Collembola: Entomobryidae). Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/biosystecol.1.e71620.

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The production of semantic annotations has gained renewed attention due to the development of anatomical ontologies and the documentation of morphological data. Two methods are proposed in this production, differing in their methodological and philosophical approaches: class-based method and instance-based method. The first, the semantic annotations are established as class expressions, while in the second, the annotations incorporate individuals. An empirical evaluation of the above methods was applied in the morphological description of Neotropical species of the genus Lepidocyrtus (Collembola: Entomobryidae: Lepidocyrtinae). The semantic annotations are expressed as RDF triple, which is a language most flexible than the Entity-Quality syntax used commonly in the description of phenotypes. The morphological descriptions were built in Protégé 5.4.0 and stored in an RDF store created with Fuseki Jena. The semantic annotations based on RDF triple increase the interoperability and integration of data from diverse sources, e.g., museum data. However, computational challenges are present, which are related with the development of semi-automatic methods for the generation of RDF triple, interchanging between texts and RDF triple, and the access by non-expert users.
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Or, Etti, David Galbraith, and Anne Fennell. Exploring mechanisms involved in grape bud dormancy: Large-scale analysis of expression reprogramming following controlled dormancy induction and dormancy release. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7587232.bard.

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The timing of dormancy induction and release is very important to the economic production of table grape. Advances in manipulation of dormancy induction and dormancy release are dependent on the establishment of a comprehensive understanding of biological mechanisms involved in bud dormancy. To gain insight into these mechanisms we initiated the research that had two main objectives: A. Analyzing the expression profiles of large subsets of genes, following controlled dormancy induction and dormancy release, and assessing the role of known metabolic pathways, known regulatory genes and novel sequences involved in these processes B. Comparing expression profiles following the perception of various artificial as well as natural signals known to induce dormancy release, and searching for gene showing similar expression patterns, as candidates for further study of pathways having potential to play a central role in dormancy release. We first created targeted EST collections from V. vinifera and V. riparia mature buds. Clones were randomly selected from cDNA libraries prepared following controlled dormancy release and controlled dormancy induction and from respective controls. The entire collection (7920 vinifera and 1194 riparia clones) was sequenced and subjected to bioinformatics analysis, including clustering, annotations and GO classifications. PCR products from the entire collection were used for printing of cDNA microarrays. Bud tissue in general, and the dormant bud in particular, are under-represented within the grape EST database. Accordingly, 59% of the our vinifera EST collection, composed of 5516 unigenes, are not included within the current Vitis TIGR collection and about 22% of these transcripts bear no resemblance to any known plant transcript, corroborating the current need for our targeted EST collection and the bud specific cDNA array. Analysis of the V. riparia sequences yielded 814 unigenes, of which 140 are unique (keilin et al., manuscript, Appendix B). Results from computational expression profiling of the vinifera collection suggest that oxidative stress, calcium signaling, intracellular vesicle trafficking and anaerobic mode of carbohydrate metabolism play a role in the regulation and execution of grape-bud dormancy release. A comprehensive analysis confirmed the induction of transcription from several calcium–signaling related genes following HC treatment, and detected an inhibiting effect of calcium channel blocker and calcium chelator on HC-induced and chilling-induced bud break. It also detected the existence of HC-induced and calcium dependent protein phosphorylation activity. These data suggest, for the first time, that calcium signaling is involved in the mechanism of dormancy release (Pang et al., in preparation). We compared the effects of heat shock (HS) to those detected in buds following HC application and found that HS lead to earlier and higher bud break. We also demonstrated similar temporary reduction in catalase expression and temporary induction of ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, thioredoxin and glutathione S transferase expression following both treatments. These findings further support the assumption that temporary oxidative stress is part of the mechanism leading to bud break. The temporary induction of sucrose syntase, pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase indicate that temporary respiratory stress is developed and suggest that mitochondrial function may be of central importance for that mechanism. These finding, suggesting triggering of identical mechanisms by HS and HC, justified the comparison of expression profiles of HC and HS treated buds, as a tool for the identification of pathways with a central role in dormancy release (Halaly et al., in preparation). RNA samples from buds treated with HS, HC and water were hybridized with the cDNA arrays in an interconnected loop design. Differentially expressed genes from the were selected using R-language package from Bioconductor project called LIMMA and clones showing a significant change following both HS and HC treatments, compared to control, were selected for further analysis. A total of 1541 clones show significant induction, of which 37% have no hit or unknown function and the rest represent 661 genes with identified function. Similarly, out of 1452 clones showing significant reduction, only 53% of the clones have identified function and they represent 573 genes. The 661 induced genes are involved in 445 different molecular functions. About 90% of those functions were classified to 20 categories based on careful survey of the literature. Among other things, it appears that carbohydrate metabolism and mitochondrial function may be of central importance in the mechanism of dormancy release and studies in this direction are ongoing. Analysis of the reduced function is ongoing (Appendix A). A second set of hybridizations was carried out with RNA samples from buds exposed to short photoperiod, leading to induction of bud dormancy, and long photoperiod treatment, as control. Analysis indicated that 42 genes were significant difference between LD and SD and 11 of these were unique.
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Provision of Instruction in English as a Second Language by Speech-Language Pathologists in School Settings. Rockville, MD: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/policy.ps1998-00102.

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6

Provision of Instruction in English as a Second Language by Speech-Language Pathologists in School Settings. Rockville, MD: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/policy.tr1998-00145.

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