Journal articles: 'SECOND GENERATION VOLTAGE CONVEYOR'

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Barile, Stornelli, Ferri, Safari, and D’Amico. "A New Rail-to-Rail Second Generation Voltage Conveyor." Electronics 8, no. 11 (November 5, 2019): 1292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8111292.

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In this paper, a novel low voltage low power CMOS second generation voltage conveyor (VCII) with an improved voltage range at both the X and Z terminals is presented. The proposed VCII is formed by a current buffer based on a class AB regulated common-gate stage and a modified rail-to-rail voltage buffer. Spice simulation results using LFoundry 0.15 μm low-Vth CMOS technology with a ±0.9 V supply voltage are provided to demonstrate the validity of the designed circuit. Thanks to the class AB behavior, from a bias current of 10 µA, the proposed VCII is capable of driving 0.5 mA on the X terminal, with a total power consumption of 120 µW. The allowed voltage swing on the Z terminal is at least equal to ±0.83 V, while on the X terminals it is ±0.72 V. Both DC and AC voltage and current gains are provided, and time domain simulations, where the voltage conveyor is used as a transimpedance amplifier (TIA), are also presented. A final table that summarizes the main features of the circuit, comparing them with the literature, is also given.

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Horng, Jiun-Wei, Chun-Yang Tsai, Te-Chi Chen, and Chang-Ming Wu. "High Input Impedances Voltage-mode First-order Filters with Grounded Capacitors using CCIIs." Recent Advances in Electrical & Electronic Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Electrical & Electronic Engineering) 13, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2213111607666190617150053.

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Background: Three high input impedances voltage-mode first-order filters are presented. Methods: The first proposed circuit uses one multi-output second-generation current conveyor, two resistors and one grounded capacitor. The second proposed circuit uses two second-generation current conveyors, three resistors and one grounded capacitor. The third proposed circuit uses one multi-output second-generation current conveyor, one resistor and two grounded capacitors. Results: First-order lowpass and allpass filters can be simultaneously obtained in the first proposed circuit. First-order lowpass, highpass and allpass filters can be simultaneously obtained in the second proposed circuit. The third proposed circuit can realize first-order allpass filter. Conclusion: All the proposed circuits have the advantages of high input impedances and using only grounded capacitors.

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Yesil, Abdullah, and Shahram Minaei. "New simple transistor realizations of second‐ generation voltage conveyor." International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications 48, no. 11 (September 27, 2020): 2023–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cta.2879.

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Pullano, Salvatore A., Antonino S. Fiorillo, Gianluca Barile, Vincenzo Stornelli, and Giuseppe Ferri. "A Second-Generation Voltage-Conveyor-Based Interface for Ultrasonic PVDF Sensors." Micromachines 12, no. 2 (January 20, 2021): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12020099.

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Exploiting the transmission and reception of low frequency ultrasounds in air is often associated with the innate echolocating abilities of some mammals, later emulated with sophisticated electronic systems, to obtain information about unstructured environments. Here, we present a novel approach for the reception of ultrasounds in air, which exploits a piezopolymer broadband sensor and an electronic interface based on a second-generation voltage conveyor (VCII). Taking advantage of its capability to manipulate both voltage and current signals, in this paper, we propose an extremely simple interface that presents a sensitivity level of about −100 dB, which is in line with commercially available references. The presented results are obtained without any filtration stage. The second-generation voltage conveyor active device is implemented through a commercially available AD844, with a supply voltage of ±15 V.

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Al-Absi, M. A. "Realization of inverse filters using second generation voltage conveyor (VCII)." Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing 109, no. 1 (May 26, 2021): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10470-021-01874-3.

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Safari, Leila, Erkan Yuce, Shahram Minaei, Giuseppe Ferri, and Vincenzo Stornelli. "A second‐generation voltage conveyor (VCII)–based simulated grounded inductor." International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications 48, no. 7 (February 25, 2020): 1180–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cta.2770.

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MANHAS, PARSHOTAM S., and K. PAL. "REALIZATION OF LOW-VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE CURRENT CONVEYOR." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 21, no. 04 (June 2012): 1250031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126612500314.

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This paper presents floating gate MOSFET (FGMOS)-based second generation differential voltage current conveyor (DVCCII) at low voltage levels. In analog circuit design, the FGMOS transistors are very often used in low voltage circuits, where the reduction obtained in the transistor apparent threshold voltage is of great importance. The given circuit provides very high input impedance at its Y-terminals, low output impedance at X-terminal and high impedance at Z-terminals and consumes less power. This circuit is a powerful building block, especially for applications demanding differential or floating inputs. The circuit behavior has been verified using PSpice simulations for 0.5 μm technology and indicates the excellent performance.

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Stornelli, Vincenzo, Leonardo Pantoli, Gianluca Barile, Alfiero Leoni, and Emanuele D’Amico. "Silicon Photomultiplier Sensor Interface Based on a Discrete Second Generation Voltage Conveyor." Sensors 20, no. 7 (April 5, 2020): 2042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20072042.

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This work presents the design of a discrete second-generation voltage conveyor (VCII) and its capability to be used as electronic interface for silicon photomultipliers. The design addressed here exploits directly at the transistor level, with commercial components, the proposed interface; the obtained performance is valuable considering both the discrete elements and the application. The architecture adopted here realizes a transimpedance amplifier that is also able to drive very high input impedance, as usually requested by photons detection. Schematic and circuital design of the discrete second-generation voltage conveyor is presented and discussed. The complete circuit interface requires a bias current of 20 mA with a dual 5V supply voltage; it has a useful bandwidth of about 106 MHz, and considering also the reduced dimensions, it is a good candidate to be used in portable applications without the need of high-cost dedicated integrated circuits.

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Kumngern, Montree, Usa Torteanchai, and Fabian Khateb. "LOW-VOLTAGE LOW-POWER SECOND-GENERATION CURRENT CONVEYOR AND ITS APPLICATIONS." Far East Journal of Electronics and Communications 18, no. 4 (May 1, 2018): 489–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.17654/ec018040489.

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Pantoli, Leonardo, Gianluca Barile, Alfiero Leoni, Mirco Muttillo, and Vincenzo Stornelli. "A Novel Electronic Interface for Micromachined Si-Based Photomultipliers." Micromachines 9, no. 10 (October 8, 2018): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9100507.

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In this manuscript, the authors propose a novel interface for silicon photomultipliers based on a second-generation voltage conveyor as an active element, performing as a transimpedance amplifier. Due to the absence of internal feedback, this solution offers a static bandwidth regardless of the tunable gain level. The simulation results have shown good performances, confirming the possibility of the proposed interface being effectively used in different scenarios. A preliminary hybrid solution has also been developed using second-generation current conveyors and measurements conducted on an equivalent discrete-elements board, which is promising.

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SHAKTOUR, MAHMOUD AHMED, FATHI OMAR ABUBRIG, and AlAA YOUSEF OKASHA. "A NEW CMOS DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF CURRENT CONVEYOR SECOND GENERATION (CCII)." مجلة الجامعة الأسمرية: العلوم التطبيقية 2, no. 2 (December 30, 2017): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.59743/aujas.v2i2.1109.

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This paper describes the current conveyors used as a basic building block in a variety of electronic circuit in instrumentation and communication systems. Today thesesystems are replacing the conventional Op-amp in so many applications such as active filters, analog signal processing. Current conveyors are unity gain active building block having high linearity, wide dynamic range and provide higher gain bandwidthThe proposed current conveyors are simulated using TSMC 0.18μm CMOS technology on Advanced Design System and the results are also tabulated for comparison. The main features of these current conveyors are low voltage, less power, high slew rate and wide bandwidth for voltage transfer (Vy to Vx) and current transfer (Ix to Iz) which make them suitable for high frequency and low power applications.

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Cicekli, Hasan, and Ahmet Gokcen. "MOS-C Based Electronically Tuneable Current/Voltage-Mode Third Order Quadrature Oscillator and Biquadratic Filter Realization." Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika 27, no. 3 (June 28, 2021): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j02.eie.28921.

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This paper introduces a new electronically tuneable third order quadrature oscillator and biquadratic filter with MOS-C realization using all grounded passive components. Voltage-mode second order low-pass, high-pass, band-pass filters using second generation current conveyor and a current/voltage-mode third order quadrature sinusoidal oscillator using multi-output second generation current conveyor are synthesized from the proposed circuit topology. All synthesized circuits are compatible with integration and the center frequency can be electronically tuned by the gate voltage of the MOS transistors. The proposed circuits do not need any component matching condition. Oscillation condition and frequency of oscillation can be independently controlled. Workability of the proposed circuits is validated by PSPICE software using 0.18 micrometer MOSIS CMOS process parameters at ±0.9 V supply voltage. Tuneability of the oscillator is demonstrated for a tested frequency range both in voltage-mode and current-mode operations.

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Yesil, Abdullah, Shahram Minaei, and Costas Psychalinos. "± 0.45 V CMOS Second-Generation Voltage Conveyor Based on Super Source Follower." Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing 41, no. 4 (October 23, 2021): 1819–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00034-021-01867-7.

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Safari, L., G. Barile, V. Stornelli, and G. Ferri. "An Overview on the Second Generation Voltage Conveyor: Features, Design and Applications." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs 66, no. 4 (April 2019): 547–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2018.2868744.

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Barile, G., G. Ferri, L. Safari, and V. Stornelli. "A New High Drive Class-AB FVF-Based Second Generation Voltage Conveyor." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs 67, no. 3 (March 2020): 405–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2019.2915814.

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MOHAN, JITENDRA, and SUDHANSHU MAHESHWARI. "ADDITIONAL HIGH-INPUT LOW-OUTPUT IMPEDANCE VOLTAGE-MODE ALL-PASS SECTIONS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 23, no. 06 (May 14, 2014): 1450077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126614500777.

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To extend the existing knowledge on first-order voltage-mode all-pass filters, this paper presents two novel first-order voltage-mode all-pass sections, each employing single fully differential second-generation current conveyor (FDCCII) being used as the newly obtained fully differential voltage conveyor (FDVC), a resistor and a grounded capacitor. Both the proposed circuits possess high-input and low-output impedance feature, which makes the proposed circuits ideal for voltage-mode systems. Non-ideal study along with simulation results is given for validation.

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Chaturvedi, Bhartendu, Jitendra Mohan, and Atul Kumar. "A New Versatile Universal Biquad Configuration for Emerging Signal Processing Applications." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 27, no. 12 (June 22, 2018): 1850196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126618501967.

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The paper introduces a new versatile universal biquadratic configuration based on two fully differential second generation current conveyors without need of input matching conditions. The proposed circuit consists of two fully differential second generation current conveyors, four resistors and two grounded capacitors. The proposed biquad configuration provides all five standard filtering responses: low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-reject and all-pass in voltage-mode, transadmittance-mode, current-mode and transimpedance-mode. The proposed circuit is single-input multiple-outputs type, so all responses are available simultaneously. Moreover, extra inverting amplifier and double-type amplifier are also not required in the proposed circuit for any filtering response. The nonideal and parasitic effects of fully differential second generation current conveyor on the proposed circuit have also been investigated. HSPICE simulation results have been incorporated to validate the proposal.

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Abuelma'atti, Muhammad Taher. "A Novel Mixed-Mode Current-Controlled Current-Conveyor-Based Filter." Active and Passive Electronic Components 26, no. 3 (2003): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1042015031000073841.

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A new mixed-mode biquad circuit is presented. The circuit uses four dual-output second-generation currentcontrolled current-conveyors (DOCCCIIs) and two grounded capacitors and can realize lowpass, highpass, bandpass and notch responses from the same topology. The circuit can be driven by voltage or current and its output can be voltage or current. The parametersωoandωo/Qoenjoy independent electronic tunability. Simulation results are included.

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Yuce, Erkan, Leila Safari, Shahram Minaei, Giuseppe Ferri, and Vincenzo Stornelli. "New mixed-mode second-generation voltage conveyor based first-order all-pass filter." IET Circuits, Devices & Systems 14, no. 6 (September 1, 2020): 901–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-cds.2019.0469.

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Barile, Gianluca, Leila Safari, Leonardo Pantoli, Vincenzo Stornelli, and Giuseppe Ferri. "Electronically Tunable First Order AP/LP and LP/HP Filter Topologies Using Electronically Controllable Second Generation Voltage Conveyor (CVCII)." Electronics 10, no. 7 (March 30, 2021): 822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10070822.

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In this paper two new first order filter topologies realizing low-pass/all-pass (LP/AP) and low-pass/high-pass (LP/HP) outputs using electronically controllable second generation voltage conveyors (CVCIIs) are presented. Unlike second generation voltage conveyors (VCII), in CVCII each performance parameter, including ports, parasitic impedances, current and/or voltage gains can be electronically varied. Here, in particular, the proposed filter topologies are based on two CVCIIs, one resistor and one capacitor. In the first topology VLP/IAP/VAP and in the second topology ILP/VLP/IHP/VHP outputs are achievable, respectively. However, the current and voltage outputs are not achievable simultaneously and a floating capacitor is used. A control current (Icon) is used to change the first CVCII Y port impedance, which sets the filter −3 dB frequency (f0) of all the outputs. Moreover, in the second topology, the gains of HP and AP outputs are electronically adjusted by means of a control voltage (Vcon). Favorably, no restricting matching condition is necessary. PSpice simulations using 0.18 µm CMOS technology and supply voltages of ±0.9V show that by changing Icon from 0.5 µA to 50 µA, f0 is varied from 89 kHz to 1 MHz. Similarly, for a Vcon variation from −0.9 V to 0.185 V, the gains of IAP and IHP vary from 30 dB to 0 dB and those of VAP and VHP vary from 100 dB to 20 dB. The total harmonic distortion (THD) is about 8%. The power consumption is from 0.385 mW to 1.057 mW.

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Thongleam, Thawatchai, and Varakorn Kasemsuwan. "Feedforward Bulk-Driven Class AB Fully-Differential Second-Generation Current Conveyor (FDCCII)." Advanced Materials Research 979 (June 2014): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.979.62.

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In this paper, a feedforward bulk-driven class AB fully-differential second-generation current conveyer (FDCCII) is presented. Bulk-driven differential pair is employed for the input stage allowing the FDCCII to operate with rail-to-rail operation. Feedfoward technique is also incorporated into input stage to increase the DC gain and minimize the common mode gain. The circuit performance is verified using HSPICE in 0.18 μm CMOS technology. The simulation results show rail-to-rail input and output swings. The DC voltage transfer characteristic between ports Y and X and DC current transfer characteristic between ports X and Z shows good linearity. The bandwidths show 25.7 MHz (VX/VY), 30 MHz (IZ/IX), respectively. The power dissipation is 267.5 μW.

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Verma, Vijay Kumar, Rajeev Kumar Ranjan, Pallav Prince, Bhargav Appasani, Nicu Bizon, and Phatiphat Thounthong. "A New Active Control Driver Circuit for Satellite’s Torquer System Using Second Generation Current Conveyor." Electronics 10, no. 8 (April 11, 2021): 911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10080911.

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In this article a new active control driver circuit is designed using the second-generation current conveyor for the satellite’s torquer system. The torquer plays an important role in the attitude control of the satellite. Based on the magneto-meter data, the satellite’s microprocessor calculates the required current for the torque and sends a reference command. A close loop control system is designed, which generates the desired output current. The parameters of the controller are optimized using a variant of the well-known evolutionary algorithm, the genetic algorithm (GA). This variant is known as the segmented GA. The controller is experimentally implemented using the commercially available integrated circuit, the AD844. The error between the experimental and simulation results has RMS values in range of 0.01–0.16 A for the output current and 0.41–0.6 V for the output voltage. It has mean value of 0.01 A for the output current and has mean values in the range of 0.33–0.48 V for the output voltage. It has standard deviation of 0.01 A for the output current and standard deviations in the range of 0.24–0.35 V for the output voltage. Thus, there is a close match between the simulation and experimental results, validating the design approach. These designs have many practical applications, particularly for nanosatellites powered by photovoltaic panels.

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Metin, Bilgin, Kirat Pal, and Oguzhan Cicekoglu. "A new approach for high-input impedance in voltage mode filters using first-generation current conveyor in place of second-generation current conveyor." International Journal of Electronics 99, no. 1 (January 2012): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207217.2010.488903.

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García-Montesdeoca, José C., Juan A. Montiel-Nelson, and Javier Sosa. "High Gain, Low Noise and Power Transimpedance Amplifier Based on Second Generation Voltage Conveyor in 65 nm CMOS Technology." Sensors 22, no. 16 (August 11, 2022): 5997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22165997.

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A transimpedance amplifier (TIA) based on a voltage conveyor structure designed for high gain, low noise, low distortion, and low power consumption is presented in this work. Following a second-generation voltage conveyor topology, the current and voltage blocks are a regulated cascode amplifier and a down converter buffer, respectively. The proposed voltage buffer is designed for low distortion and low power consumption, whereas the regulated cascode is designed for low noise and high gain. The resulting TIA was fabricated in 65 nm CMOS technology for logic and mixed-mode designs, using low-threshold voltage transistors and a supply voltage of ±1.2 V. It exhibited a 52 dBΩ transimpedance gain and a 1.1 GHz bandwidth, consuming 55.3 mW using a ±1.2 V supply. Our preamplifier stage, based on a regulated cascode, was designed considering detector capacitance, bonding wire, and packaging capacitance. The voltage buffer was designed for low-power consumption and low distortion. The measured input-referred noise of the TIA was 22 pA/√Hz. The obtained total harmonic distortion of the TIA was close to 5%. In addition, the group delay is constant for the considered bandwidth. Comparisons against published results in terms of area (A), power consumption (P), bandwidth (BW), transimpedance gain (G), and noise (N) are were performed. Both figures of merit FoMs—the ratio √ (G × BW) and P × A—and FoM/N values demostrated the advantages of the proposed approach.

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Imazeki, Isao, Shigetaka Takagi, and Nobuo Fujii. "Low-Voltage Low-Power Second-Generation Current Conveyors." IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems 120, no. 10 (2000): 1346–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss1987.120.10_1346.

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Imazeki, Isao, Shigetaka Takagi, and Nobuo Fujii. "Low-voltage, low-power, second-generation current conveyors." Electrical Engineering in Japan 138, no. 2 (November 9, 2001): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eej.1118.

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SOLIMAN, AHMED M. "GENERATION OF CFOA, CCII AND DVCC BASED OSCILLATORS FROM PASSIVE RLC FILTER." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 20, no. 04 (June 2011): 621–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126611007505.

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In a recent paper the link between the Op Amp-based two integrator loop oscillators and current feedback operational amplifier (CFOA)-based oscillators is detected and clearly explained. It was found that one of the grounded capacitor two CFOA two integrator loop oscillators, however, was not related directly to any of the Op Amp oscillators. In this paper the origin of the two CFOA grounded capacitor oscillator is found to be the passive second-order low-pass filter. It is also found that the differential voltage current conveyor (DVCC) grounded passive element oscillator is generated from the same passive second-order low-pass filter. A new family of grounded capacitor oscillators using current conveyors (CCII) and inverting current conveyors (ICCII) which includes sixteen members is introduced. A second new family of grounded passive elements oscillators using CCII and ICCII which includes eight members is also introduced. A discussion and a comparison with some of the previously reported CCII oscillator circuits is also given at the end of the paper.

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Yuce, Erkan. "DO-CCII/DO-DVCC Based Electronically Fine Tunable Quadrature Oscillators." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 26, no. 02 (November 3, 2016): 1750025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126617500256.

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In this paper, a new quadrature oscillator employing two dual output second-generation current conveyors (DO-CCIIs), two resistors and two grounded capacitors is proposed. The proposed quadrature oscillator has only resistors but no capacitors connected in series to [Formula: see text] terminals of the DO-CCIIs; thus, it can be operated at high frequencies. It can be tuned electronically by replacing dual output second-generation current controlled current conveyors instead of DO-CCIIs and removing both resistors. It can provide two output currents in opposite sign. Nevertheless, its resonance frequency can be simultaneously controlled by two resistors. Also, a dual output differential voltage current conveyor (DO-DVCC) based quadrature oscillator which employs a canonical number of only grounded passive components is proposed. A number of simulation results based on SPICE program and an experimental test result are included to exhibit performance, workability and effectiveness of the proposed quadrature oscillators.

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GHALLAB, YEHYA H., WAEL BADAWY, MOHAMED ABOU EL-ELA, and MOHAMED H. EL-SAID. "THE OPERATIONAL FLOATING CURRENT CONVEYOR AND ITS APPLICATIONS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 15, no. 03 (June 2006): 351–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126606003118.

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A five-port general-purpose analog building block, termed as an Operational Floating Current Conveyor (OFCC), is described. The OFCC combines the features of current feedback operational amplifier, second-generation current conveyor and operational floating conveyor. An implementation scheme of the OFCC is described and its terminal operational characteristics are used to yield a working device. The OFCC is then used as a single block to realize the current conveyors (CCII+ and CCII-) as well as the four basic amplifiers (i.e., voltage, current, transconductance, and transresistance amplifiers). The applications of the OFCC are presented and discussed. In the field of the analog filter synthesis, we proposed a new active universal second order filter using OFCC. It has three inputs and one output employing two OFCC, two capacitors and three resistors and can realize lowpass, bandpass, highpass, notch, and all pass filters from the same configuration. The proposed universal filters offer the following advantageous features: using active elements for the same type (OFCC). No requirement for component matching or cancellation constraints, which makes the filter easier to design, orthogonal adjustment of ω0 and Q and the circuits have low sensitivity. The simulation and experimental results are obtained and discussed.

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Ferri, Giuseppe, Leila Safari, Gianluca Barile, Massimo Scarsella, and Vincenzo Stornelli. "New Resistor-Less Electronically Controllable ±C Simulator Employing VCII, DVCC, and a Grounded Capacitor." Electronics 11, no. 2 (January 17, 2022): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11020286.

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In this paper, a new realization of electronically controllable positive and negative floating capacitor multiplier (±C) is presented. The peculiarity of the presented topology is that, for the first time, it implements a floating equivalent capacitor between its two input terminals, rather than a grounded one. To achieve the best performance, we simultaneously use the advantages provided by the current conveyor and its dual circuit, the voltage conveyor. The proposed topology is resistor free and employs one dual-output second-generation voltage conveyor (VCII±) and one electronically tunable differential voltage current conveyor (E-DVCC) as active building blocks (ABBs) and a single grounded capacitor. The value of the simulated capacitor is controlled by means of a control voltage VC which is used to control the current gain between X and Z terminals of E-DVCC. The circuit is free from any matching condition. A complete non-ideal analysis by considering parasitic impedances as well as non-ideal current and voltage gains of the used ABBs is presented. The proposed circuit is designed at the transistor level in 0.18 µm and ±0.9 V supply voltage. Simulation results using the SPICE program show a multiplication factor ranging from ±10 to ±25.4 with a maximum error of 0.56%. As an example, the application of the achieved floating capacitor as a standard high pass filter is also included.

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SOLIMAN, AHMED M. "GENERATION OF GROUNDED CAPACITOR ICCII-BASED BAND-PASS FILTERS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 16, no. 04 (August 2007): 553–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126607003812.

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A new current-mode band-pass filter using the inverting second-generation current conveyor (ICCII) is introduced. The circuit is generated from a frequency-dependent negative resistance (FDNR)-C circuit realized using ICCII+. It is observed that a voltage-mode band-pass filter using two CCII+ has similar transfer function to this current-mode filter. The adjoint network theorem is used to demonstrate the transformation between the two circuits. Two new voltage-mode grounded capacitor band-pass filters using two ICCII are also introduced. The first voltage-mode circuit is generated from the FDNR-C circuit and employs two opposite Z polarity ICCII. The second voltage-mode circuit is obtained from the first circuit by relocation of the input and a grounded terminal. Two new additional grounded capacitor and grounded resistor current-mode band-pass filters with independent control on the filter Q are also introduced. Spice simulation results with 0.35 μm CMOS transistors model are included to demonstrate the practicality of the two ICCII- band-pass current-mode filter.

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Sainath, K. V., G. Prabhakar, and S. Selvaperumal. "An Integrated Design of Current Conveyor II Based Analog PID Controller and Analyze the Control by Using PID Tuning Rule." Applied Mechanics and Materials 573 (June 2014): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.573.242.

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In this Proposal, a new current conveyor based analog PID controller is designed. The second generation current conveyor circuit (CCII+) is used, because of its low voltage, low power characteristics and wide dynamic range of application. The current conveyor based analog PID controller was designed and verified by using Proteus Design Suite. The transfer function of the entire circuit is verified by using MATLAB-SIMULINK environment and the experimental results show that the new CCII+ based PID controller performs as like as that of conventional operational amplifier based PID controller. To verify the feasibility of the circuit, a well known Ziegler Nichols tuning rule is applied.

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Safari, Leila, Gianluca Barile, Vincenzo Stornelli, and Giuseppe Ferri. "A Review on VCII Applications in Signal Conditioning for Sensors and Bioelectrical Signals: New Opportunities." Sensors 22, no. 9 (May 8, 2022): 3578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093578.

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This study reviews second-generation voltage conveyor (VCII)-based read-out circuits for sensors and bioelectrical signal conditioning from existing literature. VCII is the dual circuit of a second-generation current conveyor (CCII), which provides the possibility of processing signals in the current domain while providing output signals in the voltage form. The scope of this paper is to discuss the benefits and opportunities of new VCII-based read-out circuits over traditional ones and bioelectrical signals. The achieved main benefits compared to conventional circuits are the simpler read-out circuits, producing an output signal in a voltage form that can be directly used, improved accuracy, possibility of gain adjustment using a single grounded resistor, and the possibility of connecting several SiPM sensors to the readout circuit. The circuits studied in this paper include VCII- based read-out circuits suitable for all types of sensors configured in the current-mode Wheatstone bridge (CMWB) topology, the VCII-based read-out circuits solutions reported for silicon photomultiplier, spiral-shaped ultrasonic PVDF and differential capacitive sensors, and, finally, a simple readout circuitry for sensing bioelectrical signals. There are still not many VCII-based readout circuits, and we hope that the outcome of this study will enhance this area of research and inspire new ideas.

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MAGHAMI, MOHAMMAD HOSSEIN, and AMIR M. SODAGAR. "LOW-POWER, LOW-VOLTAGE, DUAL-OUTPUT, SECOND GENERATION CURRENT CONVEYOR AND ITS APPLICATION IN LOW-PASS FILTER DESIGN." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 22, no. 06 (July 2013): 1350044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126613500448.

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A new simple dual-output second generation current conveyor (DO-CCII) circuit is proposed. Designed in a standard 0.5-μm CMOS process, the circuit operates at ±1.5 V supply voltages with a total power consumption of 106 nW. Main characteristics of the proposed DO-CCII are its simplicity, small silicon area consumption, and not suffering from the body effect of MOS transistors. The proposed circuit is employed to implement a first-order low-pass filter with upper -3 dB cut-off frequency of as low as 3.2 Hz.

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Mohan, Jitendra, Bhartendu Chaturvedi, and Sudhanshu Maheshwari. "Single Active Element Based Voltage-Mode Multifunction Filter." Advances in Electrical Engineering 2014 (August 18, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/514019.

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The paper presents a new voltage-mode multifunction filter. The proposed filter employs single modified fully differential second generation current conveyor (FDCCII), two grounded capacitors, and three resistors. The proposed circuit enjoys the employment of two grounded capacitors (attractive for absorbing shunt parasitic capacitance and ideal for IC implementation). The proposed circuit provides all five generic filter responses (low pass (LP), high pass (HP), band pass (BP), notch (NH), and all pass (AP) filter responses) simultaneously with single input. The novel proposed filter has low active and passive sensitivities. A number of time domain and frequency domain simulation results depicted through PSPICE using 0.18 µm TSMC process parameters are included to validate the theory. The proposed circuit is expected to enhance the existing knowledge on the subject.

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Kumngern, Montree, Fabian Khateb, and Tomasz Kulej. "0.5 V Current-Mode Low-Pass Filter Based on Voltage Second Generation Current Conveyor for Bio-Sensor Applications." IEEE Access 10 (2022): 12201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3146328.

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Nonthaputha, Thanat, and Montree Kumngern. "Programmable Universal Filters Using Current Conveyor Transconductance Amplifiers." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 26, no. 07 (March 17, 2017): 1750121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126617501213.

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This paper presents new programmable universal biquadratic filters using current conveyor transconductance amplifiers (CCTAs) by which both voltage- and current-mode filters can be obtained. The proposed filters use second-generation current conveyor (CCII) which is the first stage of CCTA to operate as current conveyor analog switch (CCAS) and this CCAS will be used to program the filtering functions such as low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-stop and all-pass filters. Unlike previous universal filters, the filtering functions of the proposed filters can be programmed using the bias currents of CCTAs without changing any input and output connections. The natural frequency and quality factor of all filtering functions can be controlled electronically and orthogonally using the bias currents of transconductance amplifiers. Also gain response of all transfer functions can be adjusted. The active and passive sensitivities of the filters are low. The proposed programmable filters have been simulated using 0.18[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m CMOS process from TSMC. PSPICE simulation results are included to confirm workability of the proposed circuits.

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Kapur, G. "Design of a High Frequency Stable Oscillator with Tunable Frequency using Field Programmable CMOS Current Conveyor." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 4, no. 4 (2016): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.441606.

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Design of a programmable frequency oscillator design using field programmable, analog, CMOS current conveyor has been presented; further, a design methodology to introduce on-chip /field programmability into the second generation current controlled current conveyor circuit (CCCII) is explained. To make the CCCII CMOS design programmable, a floating-gate transistor synapse is introduced to replace the MOSFETs in the design. The charge at the floating-gate can be programmed after fabrication, based on Hot-e-injection and Fowler-Nordheim tunneling techniques. This programming charge at floating-gate results in threshold voltage variation in such floating-gate (FG) MOSFETs, which in turn can modifies circuit specifications after fabrication. The high frequency small signal analysis of the design has been discussed and specifications of the design are derived in terms of threshold voltages of the respective FG-MOSFETs. To achieve CCCII circuit’s AC and DC characteristics and to obtain programmable oscillations, the programmable CCCII and oscillator circuit using programmable CCCII, are simulated using BSIM3 level49 MOSFET models in T-Spice 0.35μm CMOS process. The simulated results show 13bit programming precision in current gain, 3dB bandwidth, input impedance, output impedance and dc offsets with respect to threshold voltage of respective FG-MOSFETs. Moreover on employing CCCII design with programmable current gain (about 0.91258- 1.2138) in an oscillator design with minimum passive components, variable amplitude oscillations can be generated.

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Siripruchyanun, M., and W. Jaikla. "Three-Input Single-Output Electronically Controllable Dual-Mode Universal Biquad Filter Using DO-CCCIIs." Active and Passive Electronic Components 2007 (2007): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/36849.

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This article presents a dual-mode (voltage-mode and current-mode) universal biquadratic filter performing completely standard functions: lowpass, highpass, bandpass, band-reject, and allpass functions, based on plus-type dual-output second-generation, current controlled, current conveyor (DO-CCCII+). The features of the circuit are that the bandwidth and natural frequency can be tuned electronically via the input bias currents: the circuit description is very simple, consisting of merely 2 DO-CCCIIs and 2 capacitors: the circuit can provide either the voltage-mode or current-mode filter without changing circuit topology. Additionally, each function response can be selected by suitably selecting input signals with digital method. Without any external resistors, the proposed circuit is very suitable to further develop into an integrated circuit. The PSPICE simulation results are depicted. The given results agree well with the theoretical anticipation. The maximum power consumption is approximately 1.81 mW at±1.5 V supply voltages.

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Scarsella, Massimo, Gianluca Barile, Vincenzo Stornelli, Leila Safari, and Giuseppe Ferri. "A Survey on Current-Mode Interfaces for Bio Signals and Sensors." Sensors 23, no. 6 (March 16, 2023): 3194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23063194.

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In this study, a review of second-generation voltage conveyor (VCII) and current conveyor (CCII) circuits for the conditioning of bio signals and sensors is presented. The CCII is the most known current-mode active block, able to overcome some of the limitations of the classical operational amplifier, which provides an output current instead of a voltage. The VCII is nothing more than the dual of the CCII, and for this reason it enjoys almost all the properties of the CCII but also provides an easy-to-read voltage as an output signal. A broad set of solutions for relevant sensors and biosensors employed in biomedical applications is considered. This ranges from the widespread resistive and capacitive electrochemical biosensors now used in glucose and cholesterol meters and in oximetry to more specific sensors such as ISFETs, SiPMs, and ultrasonic sensors, which are finding increasing applications. This paper also discusses the main benefits of this current-mode approach over the classical voltage-mode approach in the realization of readout circuits that can be used as electronic interfaces for different types of biosensors, including higher circuit simplicity, better low-noise and/or high-speed performance, and lower signal distortion and power consumption.

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Mohan, J., B. Chaturvedi, and S. Maheshwari. "Low Voltage Mixed-mode Multi Phase Oscillator Using Single FDCCII." Electronics ETF 20, no. 1 (July 15, 2016): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/els1620036m.

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In this paper a new low voltage mixed-mode multiphase quadrature oscillator employing a single fully differential second generation current conveyor, two resistors and two grounded capacitors is proposed. The proposed circuit provides two quadrature voltage outputs and three quadrature current outputs simultaneously. In addition, the proposed circuit has been made load insensitive so that it is capable of providing high output impedance current outputs without using additional current followers. Moreover, the proposed circuit of load insensitive quadrature oscillator provides four phase current outputs and two voltage outputs, simultaneously. Non ideal study is also included. Both the proposed circuits enjoy low active and passive sensitivities. This paper further presents an active-C multiphase oscillator with a single FDCCII and two grounded capacitors. The proposed structures are suitable for low voltage applications. Simulation results using PSPICE program on cadence tool are included.

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Sotner, Roman, Jan Jerabek, Norbert Herencsar, Jiun-Wei Horng, Kamil Vrba, and Tomas Dostal. "Simple Oscillator with Enlarged Tunability Range Based on ECCII and VGA Utilizing Commercially Available Analog Multiplier." Measurement Science Review 16, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msr-2016-0006.

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Abstract This work presents an example of implementation of electronically controllable features to an originally unsuitable circuit structure of oscillator. Basic structure does not allow any electronic control and has mutually dependent condition of oscillation (CO) and frequency of oscillation (FO) if only values of passive elements are considered as the only way of control. Utilization of electronically controllable current conveyor of second generation (ECCII) brings control of CO independent of FO. Additional application of voltage amplifier with variable gain in both polarities (voltage-mode multiplier) to feedback loop allows also important enlargement of the range of the independent FO control. Moreover, our proposal was tested and confirmed experimentally with commercially available active elements (“Diamond transistor”, current-mode multiplier, voltage-mode multiplier) in working range of tens of MHz.

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Sotner, Roman, Jan Jerabek, Ladislav Polak, Roman Prokop, and Vilem Kledrowetz. "Integrated Building Cells for a Simple Modular Design of Electronic Circuits with Reduced External Complexity: Performance, Active Element Assembly, and an Application Example." Electronics 8, no. 5 (May 22, 2019): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8050568.

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This paper introduces new integrated analog cells fabricated in a C035 I3T25 0.35-μm ON Semiconductor process suitable for a modular design of advanced active elements with multiple terminals and controllable features. We developed and realized five analog cells on a single integrated circuit (IC), namely a voltage differencing differential buffer, a voltage multiplier with current output in full complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) form, a voltage multiplier with current output with a bipolar core, a current-controlled current conveyor of the second generation with four current outputs, and a single-input and single-output adjustable current amplifier. These cells (sub-blocks of the manufactured IC device), designed to operate in a bandwidth of up to tens of MHz, can be used as a construction set for building a variety of advanced active elements, offering up to four independently adjustable internal parameters. The performances of all individual cells were verified by extensive laboratory measurements, and the obtained results were compared to simulations in the Cadence IC6 tool. The definition and assembly of a newly specified advanced active element, namely a current-controlled voltage differencing current conveyor transconductance amplifier (CC-VDCCTA), is shown as an example of modular interconnection of the selected cells. This device was implemented in a newly synthesized topology of an electronically linearly tunable quadrature oscillator. Features of this active element were verified by simulations and experimental measurements.

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Abdalla, Kasim K. "New Two Simple Sinusoidal Generators with Four 45o Phase Shifted Voltage Outputs Using Single FDCCII and Grounded Components." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 6 (December 1, 2018): 5080. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i6.pp5080-5088.

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Two new 45o phase shifted sinusoidal oscillator configurations employing single Second Generation Fully Differential Current Conveyor (FDCCII), two grounded capacitors and two grounded resistors are presented. The proposed oscillators can provide four sinusoidal voltage outputs with each a 45o phase difference. These circuits can also be utilized as voltage-mode quadrature oscillators. Additional output stages incorporation in FDCCII can also result in current outputs spaced 45 degree apart. The proposed circuits enjoy the simplicity and less passive and active component. The Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the output waveforms was reasonability values (less than 4.5%). The circuits can supply two equi-quadrature outputs and the Lissajous patterns confirm the quadrature voltage output waveforms. The workability of the circuits is simulated by PSPICE 0.18 μm CMOS technology. The non-ideal analysis and simulation results verifying theoretical analyses are also investigated.

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Safari, Leila, Gianluca Barile, Giuseppe Ferri, Mattia Ragnoli, and Vincenzo Stornelli. "A New Realization of Electronically Tunable Multiple-Input Single-Voltage Output Second-Order LP/BP Filter Using VCII." Electronics 11, no. 4 (February 18, 2022): 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11040646.

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In this paper, a new realization of electronically tunable voltage output second-order low-pass (LP) and band-pass (BP) filter is presented. The circuit has a multiple-input single-output structure, and LP and BP outputs are provided using the same structure. One electronically variable second-generation voltage conveyor (VCII), whose impedance at the Y port can be electronically varied using a control current (Icon), two capacitors, and one resistor are used. By changing the value of Icon, the impedance value at the Y port can be electronically varied; therefore, the value of ω0 can be tuned. This feature helps to reduce the number of passive components used. Interestingly, the LP and BP outputs are provided at the low-impedance Z port of the VCII, and there is no need for an extra voltage buffer for practical use. The circuit enjoys a simple realization consisting of only 24 MOS transistors. Simulation results using PSpice and 0.18 μm CMOS parameters are provided. The value of ω0 can be varied from 1.2 MHz to 1.7 MHz, while Icon varies from 0 to 50 µA, with a power consumption variation from 244 µW to 515 µW.

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46

Minaei, Shahram, and Erkan Yuce. "Unity/Variable-gain Voltage-mode/Current-mode First-order All-pass Filters Using Single Dual-X Second-generation Current Conveyor." IETE Journal of Research 56, no. 6 (November 2010): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03772063.2010.10876319.

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Chaturvedi, B., and J. Mohan. "Single DD-DXCCII based quadrature oscillator with simultaneous current and voltage outputs." Electronics ETF 19, no. 2 (July 15, 2016): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/els1519094c.

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In this paper, a versatile quadrature oscillator using single Differential Difference Second Generation Dual-X Current Conveyor (DD-DXCCII) as an active element, two grounded capacitors and three grounded resistors is presented. The proposed oscillator provides two current outputs and three voltage outputs in quadrature relationship simultaneously so named as versatile quadrature oscillator. The proposed versatile quadrature oscillator exhibits the feature of orthogonal control over the frequency of oscillation and condition of oscillation. Effects of non-idealities along with sensitivity analysis are also analyzed. The proposed circuit has low active and passive sensitivities. Parasitic study is further explored. The simulation results with 0.18μm CMOS process parameters using PSPICE are also given. Possible realization of proposed oscillator using AD-844 and LM13600 along with some simulation results are also given for completeness sake.

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MOSTAFA, HASSAN, HEWIDA MOHAMED, and A. M. SOLIMAN. "NOVEL FCS-BASED LAYOUT-FRIENDLY ACCURATE WIDE-BAND LOW-POWER CCII- REALIZATIONS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 19, no. 05 (August 2010): 997–1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126610006566.

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This paper presents two novel Floating Current Source (FCS)-based CMOS negative second generation current conveyor (CCII-) realizations suitable for very large scale implementation. The proposed realizations provide high voltage and current tracking accuracy, as well as large voltage and current transfer bandwidths. Simulation results show that the first proposed wide-band CCII- bandwidth is about 972 MHz. Targeting low-power dissipation, a second low-power version of the wide-band CCII- is proposed at the expense of lower bandwidth and accuracy. The proposed CCII- realizations are layout-friendly because they can be easily fabricated in a systematic modular layout fashion. In addition, a fair comparison is held between the proposed realizations and the only FCS-based CCII- realizations in the literature to show the strength of the proposed circuits. The proposed two CCII- realizations show excellent immunity to process variations and transistor mismatch. In addition, they are insensitive to the temperature variations. Finally, two common CCII- applications are presented.

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Chaturvedi, Bhartendu, Jitendra Mohan, Atul Kumar, and Kirat Pal. "Current-Mode First-Order Universal Filter and its Voltage-Mode Transformation." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 29, no. 09 (December 3, 2019): 2050149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126620501492.

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This paper deals with the realization of current-mode first-order universal filter based on multiple output second generation current conveyor (MO-CCII). Two MO-CCIIs, one resistor and one capacitor are used in the circuit realization. The proposed work includes additional features such as ease of cascadability, easily implementable in modern integrated circuit technology and no requirement of passive components matching condition. The additional beauty of the proposed filter structure is that all three responses can also be realized by interchanging the positions of passive components as well. Moreover, a possible transformation of the proposed current-mode type universal filter into a voltage-mode type universal filter using network transpose method is also explored. The possibility of mode transformation further expands the scope of proposed idea. The theoretical aspects are verified using cadence VIRTUOSO simulation results.

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Cheng, Li, Ning Li, Jia Jian Xi, and Ning Yang. "Design of CMOS Amplifier Using New CCII Topologies." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 1824–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.1824.

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A high-precision amplifier design in a stander 0.35μm CMOS process was proposed. This design obtains a high-performance by proper application of dynamic element matching to a second generation current conveyor (CCII). In comparison with the traditional CMOS circuits, the proposed approach can not only increase the output swing and decrease output resistance but also compensate the effect of the input offset and 1/fnoise voltage. The simulation results show that the gain error is reduced 38~50 times than the traditional amplifier, and the precision is significantly improved. So the proposed circuit is suitable for the design of special amplifiers used in various detections and signal mediation.

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Journal articles on the topic 'SECOND GENERATION VOLTAGE CONVEYOR'

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