Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Second generation migrants in Israel'

When narrated, past events are reconstructed (cf. Gülich 2007a: 37) and therefore adjusted according to the new speaking context (cf. e.g. Norrick 2005; De Fina/Toscano Gore 2019). However, it should be noted that past events and experiences are not reconstructed in their original, rather in their remembered form (cf. Gülich 2012). Actually, memories should not be considered as fixed entities: on the contrary, they are dynamically reworked, selected and combined (cf. Chafe 1994, 2008) in the retrieving process. Given that tellability (cf. e.g. Sacks 1992; Baroni n.d.) goes hand in hand with ‘memorability’ (Erinnerungswürdigkeit, cf. Gülich 2012: 625), narrative reconstructions of past events and experiences result from the interplay between three dimensions, namely experience, memory and narration (cf. Rosenthal 2010). These dynamics characterise narrative-autobiographical interviews as well: when speakers select stored memories in order to reconstruct their life story (cf. Leonardi 2016), they oscillate between the lived past (i.e. their displaced consciousness, cf. Chafe 1994) and the here-and-now of the interview situation (i.e. their immediate consciousness, cf. Chafe 1994). Drawing on the Bakhtinian notion of chronotope (cf. Bakhtin 2008), it can be said that they shift between two different spatiotemporal configurations, namely the chronotope of the story told and that of the telling situation. The analysis of retellings, i.e. narrative reproductions and recontextualisations of a story that has already been told by the same speaker in similar or even different occasions (cf. Schumann et al. 2015a: 10), can be fruitfully applied to the investigation of the reconstruction and re-interpretation processes brought along by narratives of past events. Researchers have shown a growing interest in this phenomenon, predominantly in the field of cognitive psychology (cf. e.g. Anderson/Cohen/Taylor 2000; Pasupathi 2001; Dudukovic/Marsh/Tversky 2004; Marsh 2007). Despite the increasing interest this research topic has recently gained also in the field of linguistics, no extensive research on spontaneous, conversational retellings has been carried out so far, which might be also traced back to the difficulties in finding retelling occurrences in existing corpora (cf. Chafe 1998; Norrick 1998; Schumann et al. 2015a). Most linguistic studies tended to primarily focus on the lexico-syntactic differences and similarities between subsequent versions of the same story (cf. e.g. Quasthoff 1993; Chafe 1998; Norrick 1998; Birkner 2015). A challenging and neglected area in existing research on retellings, which, to my knowledge, has been explored by Barth-Weingarten/Schumann/Wohlfarth (2012) only, concerns the analysis of their prosodic structure. Since their observations and findings are worth further exploring, even on the basis of a wider corpus, this thesis aims at bridging the above-mentioned existing gap in the prosodic analysis of retellings as well as at broadening current discussions on retold stories. In order to explore the processes of repeated remembering and reconstructing in subsequent tellings of the same events and/or experiences, attention was not only given to narratives of personal experiences, but also to narratives of vicarious experiences (Geschichten aus zweiter Hand, cf. Michel 1985), i.e. of events the current teller did not witness or experience firsthand (cf. Norrick 2013a, 2013b). For the purposes of this study, comparisons were (mainly) drawn between two subcorpora, i.e.: a) selected passages from first narrative-autobiographical interviews with second generation German-speaking migrants in Israel, who were first interviewed by Anne Betten between 1999 und 2006 within the framework the so-called Israelkorpus project (cf. Database for Spoken German (DGD) of the Leibniz-Institut für deutsche Sprache in Mannheim: https://dgd.ids-mannheim.de; see, in particular, the subcorpus ISZ: http://hdl.handle.net/10932/00-0332-C453-CEDC-B601-2); b) retellings taken from repeated interviews that I collected in 2019 in Israel with selected ISZ speakers. In order to highlight tendencies to variation and invariancy and to discuss how stored memories and formulations already used are resorted to in subsequent tellings of the same story, each interview passage was analysed with respect to its fine transcript according to the GAT 2 transcription norms (cf. Selting at al. 2009). A qualitative multi-perspective approach combining aspects from Conversational Analysis (cf. e.g. Deppermann 2008) and Narrative Analysis (cf. e.g. De Fina/Georgakopoulou 2008a) allowed for a microanalytic investigation of the lexico-syntactical and prosodic design of the compared first and subsequent tellings of the same story; in addition, a meso-level analysis provided a fruitful tool to also take the narrative structure (cf. Lucius-Hoene/Deppermann 2004a) into consideration. The present work is organised as follows. After an introductory chapter sketching the research framework and the research questions, the second chapter focuses on the link between remembering and narrating, and discusses narrative models and concepts which provide further fruitful theoretical and methodological impulses for the analysis. Chapter 3 delivers an overview of research on retellings. The Israelkorpus, its genesis, structure, and peculiarities are described in chapter 4, while chapter 5 outlines the methodological approach. The analytic part is structured into two phases: Chapter 6 proposes an analysis of retold stories of personal experiences, while chapter 7 focuses on the comparison of subsequent tellings of vicarious experiences. Conclusions are drawn in chapter 8.

This study explores the engagement with music among second-generation migrants in Sweden in connection to their cultural identity and sense of belonging. First, a theoretical frame is developed that illustrates how music practices can contribute to the creation of ‘sense of place’ and ‘sense of belonging’ and how they are linked to ‘collective memory’ and ‘cultural identity’. Consequently, it is also explained how all this can be understood from a ‘generational perspective’. A qualitative approach has been chosen for this study and semi-structured interviews with 9 emerging adults living in Sweden, were conducted. The main results show that there is a high engagement with music among second-generation migrants in Sweden, many of them possessing a broad repertoire of favorite songs and genres. Mainly, it is through listening to the music coming from the home countries of their parents that they can express and navigate their cultural identities. Such kind of music carries meanings and mediates collective experiences and memories which can be passed on from one generation to the next one. These practices are important for second-generation migrants in terms of their sense of belonging to certain groups with which they can identify and feel connected to. In this sense, such kind of music helps them make sense of themselves in the world and in connection to others.

Taka ‘i fonua mahu is a Tongan proverb, which means: "Going about or living in a fruitful land". This thesis analyses the experiences and impacts on migration on being Tongan, particularly Tongan youth in an adopted fruitful land, South East Queensland. The thesis argues that being Tongan in Tonga, has new meaning in the diaspora because of remittances, job prospects, educational opportunity, adapting to a multicultural society, and social justice. These issues are revealed by comparisons made with the experiences of the first generation Tongan migrants, and second generation Tongan migrants, as well as those in New Zealand and America. It argues that the Church, the family and kainga (extended family) impact on the anga fakatonga (Tongan way) and the essence of community as experienced by the first and second generation Tongan migrants. The framework for this analysis is a study of transnationalism, and being Tongan as it is maintained and changed in the diaspora.

This thesis studies the impact of out‐migration of people from rural households in a particular setting in Yunnan Province, China, and the distribution of resources between these households. Household interviews were conducted and based on the data collected households were categorized, based on income, ownership, and consumption, in order to investigate the relationship between migration and household resources. Additionally, number of adult laborers in the households and size of landholdings were included, in the analysis, as factors that influence the distribution of resources between households.

The findings from this thesis to a large degree overlaps the findings of Murphy (2002); labor migration affect the distribution of resources between households, as households with migrants have a clear tendency towards being better off. Households without migrants show the opposite tendency and are more often situated in the lowlevel resource categories. However, this thesis finds that, based on Chayanovian‐theory, number of adult laborers distributed between households is the main source of inequalities at the time of this single‐moment study. Households with many workers have easier access to participate in migration. Additionally, findings show support of the argument that second‐generation migrants are less loyal towards their households than first‐generation migrants and contribute with less remittance back to the household. However, second‐generation migrant households do not seem to be as dependent on receiving these remittances as first‐generation migrant households.

Background: Migration is known as a risk factor for schizophrenia and related disorders, but the magnitude of the risk in second-generation migrants is unclear. This study aims at determining the risk of psychosis in first- and second-generation migrants and exploring sources of variation.
Methods: A systematic review of population-based incidence studies of psychosis among first- and second-generation migrants was conducted. Descriptive and meta-analytic syntheses of identified studies were performed and sources of heterogeneity were examined.
Results: Nearly all migrant groups were at increased risk for psychotic disorders. The magnitude of the risk was similar in first- and second-generation migrants, but varied considerably according to ethno-racial status, social contexts and methodological variables.
Discussion: The risk clearly persists into the second generation, indicating that post-migration factors are more important than pre-migration factors or migration per se. The observed variability suggests that socio-environmental determinants contribute to the onset of psychotic disorders.
Contexte: L'immigration est associée à un risque accrû de troubles psychotiques, mais le doute persiste quant au risque chez les immigrants de deuxième génération demeure. Cette étude vise à évaluer le risque de psychoses des immigrants de première et deuxième génération et à en explorer la variabilité.
Méthode: Une revue systématique des études d'incidence de psychoses chez les immigrants de première et deuxième génération a été menée. Des synthèses descriptives et méta-analytiques des études ont été complétées. Les sources d'hétérogénéité ont été examinées.
Résultats : Presque tous les groupes d'immigrants ont un risque accrû de développer des troubles psychotiques. Le risque est comparable pour les deux générations, mais son ampleur varie considérablement selon le statut ethno-racial, le contexte social et la méthodologie.
Discussion : La persistance du risque dans la deuxième génération indique que les facteurs post-migratoires sont plus influents que les facteurs pré-migratoires ou la migration. La variabilité observée suggère que l'environnement social contribue au développement des troubles psychotiques.

Through the lenses of Social Identity Theory, this thesis endeavours to understand how perceptions of intergroup relations and in-group identifications affect the choice for different mobility strategies and forms of political participation among the second-generation Turkish migrants in the Netherlands. To this end, two political participation paths are specified: ethnic and mainstream. The former is defined as promoting ethnic group interests in the political arena while the latter is defined as participation in national Dutch politics. Perceptions of illegitimate and unstable status differences, of impermeable group boundaries, and of discriminatory intergroup relations are expected to contribute to the choice for collective mobility strategy and ethnic political participation mediated by Turkish identification. Conversely, legitimate, stable and permeable intergroup conditions are hypothesized to lead to the choice for individual mobility strategy and mainstream political participation through affecting Dutch identification. Three path models including perceptions of legitimacy, stability, permeability and discrimination as predictors, Dutch and Turkish identification as mediators, mobility strategies as both outcomes and mediators, and ethnic and mainstream political participation as outcomes were tested in a sample of 161 participants. Results generally confirmed the expectations except for the stability hypothesis. The theoretical implications of the findings are discussed.

This thesis investigates the turn to a neo-revivalist Muslim identity in the West as a form of self-othering. The binary dichotomy of self and other is used as a framework for the apparent divide between Muslims and the West. Second and third-generation disapora neo-revivalists personalise religion and through their hermeneutics seek an expression of religion that transcends cultural practice. They self-other in a way reactionary to society, and also react to the religion of their parents’ generation, which for them is not spiritual enough and instead is too steeped in cultural practices. Secularism and the post-secular turn is considered in Western society to provide context to the West that these neo-revivalists are located within. The diversity of Muslims is investigated to contextualise the neo-revivalist shift, which rather than being tolerant of diversity amongst Muslims seeks a separation of culture from religion. As second- and third-generation diaspora Muslims are the children of Muslim migrants to the West, the inter-generational divide is investigated. First-generation migrants have a continuity to their religious expression based on their experiences within the country of origin, whereas second- and third-generation migrants engage in a re-negotiation process to enable their religiosity to be relevant to Western societies. Qualitative case studies relating to the performance of religious identity, that is necessarily public, are utilised from Britain and the United States to further contextualise neo-revivalism. Literary mediation and mediatisation are examined in the context and globalisation. Contemporary literature is utilised to consider the self-critique of issues relating to integration and assimilation of Muslims in Western society by Muslims in Western societies. These cosmopolitan voices provide an internal understanding of the issues involved. Media-technologies have enabled a wide range of discourses to circulate about the current geopolitic following ‘9/11’ and Muslims themselves have utilised these mediated-technologies, and as such, neo-revivalism is necessarily a product of time, place and circumstance. Finally, a conclusion is reached and in seeking to understand the neo-revivalist turn and the place of Muslims in the West, a cosmopolitan ethic of integration is proposed that seeks to turn away from essentialisations and binary oppositions, but instead, through an engagement in respectful and reflexive critical dialogue, it is hoped that our shared universal humanity may be realised.

À l’entrée septentrionale du Canal de Mozambique, l’archipel des Comores égraine ses quatre îles, entre Madagascar et le Mozambique. On retiendra que jusqu’à la première moitié du XIXème siècle, les îles de cet archipel du Sud-ouest de l’Océan Indien ont partagé un destin tragique commun, étant exposées aux affrontements fratricides des sultans batailleurs et aux pillages orchestrés par les pirates malgaches. Ces exactions auront comme conséquences l’appauvrissement de l’archipel et les déportations d’hommes hors des Comores. D’une part, cette thèse analyse les facteurs à l’origine des différentes vagues de migrations comoriennes dans le Sud-ouest de l’océan indien depuis la deuxième moitié du XIXème siècle, ainsi que leurs conséquences. Vers la fin du XIXème siècle, l’arrivée de planteurs occidentaux, suivie des signatures de conventions et accords commerciaux avec les sultans vont déshériter les paysans Comoriens de leurs terres. Les accords de protectorat conclus avec la France à partir de 1886 ne feront qu’accentuer la précarité des paysans, en attribuant les terres restantes aux sociétés coloniales. Dépossédés et affamés, de nombreux Comoriens n’auront que le choix du travail servile ou de l’exil. De nombreux comoriens fuyant la misère feront le choix de s’établir à Zanzibar, à Madagascar et dans l’île de la Réunion. Plus tard, à Zanzibar, la révolution Okello de 1964 aura raison des poussées migratoires comoriennes dans l’île puis, douze ans après, en 1975 ceux installés à Madagascar seront à leur tour victimes des massacres perpétrés contre eux à Majunga. Ces deux événements sonneront le glas de la fin des migrations comoriennes dans la sous-région. D’autre part, le développement de cette nouvelle migration, son mode d’organisation et les rapports des migrants avec le pays d’origine sont largement analysés. La diaspora comorienne en France garde des liens très forts avec le pays d’origine, elle est l’une des plus actives d’Afrique sub-saharienne aussi bien au niveau associatif que dans celui des transferts de fonds. Le développement villageois est soutenu par les migrants à travers leurs structures associatives et chaque village aux Comores a ses associations de migrants en France. La politique migratoire actuelle en France engendre des entrées au compte-goutte à un moment où la première génération de migrants s’affaiblit et s’efface progressivement. Désormais, les échanges avec le village reposent sur les descendants de migrants qui seuls, peuvent décider de leur maintien ou de leur abandon
At the northern entrance to the Mozambique Channel, the Comoros archipelago’s four islands – Grande Comore, Anjouan, Mohéli and Mayotte – are situated between Madagascar and Mozambique. Until the first half of the 19th century, the islands of this archipelago of the Southwest Indian Ocean shared a tragic common destiny, being exposed to the conflicts of fighting sultans and looting by Malagasy pirates. The consequences of these abuses were the impoverishment of the archipelago and the deportation of men out of the Comoros. Since Mayotte was ceded to France in 1841, Franco-British rivalries in the Indian Ocean allowed the other three islands of the archipelago to remain more or less independent.This thesis analyzes the factors at the origin of the different waves of Comorian migration in the Southwest Indian Ocean since the second half of the 19th century, as well as their consequences, based on archives documents, literature and some testimonies. Towards the end of the 19th century, the arrival of western planters, followed by the signing of conventions and commercial agreements with the sultans, disinherited the Comorian peasants from their lands. The protectorate agreements with France from 1886 onwards exacerbated the vulnerability of the peasants by attributing remaining lands to the colonial societies. Dispossessed and hungry, many Comorians’ only choices were slave labor or exile. With the arrival of maritime couriers in the Indian Ocean, many Comorians fleeing misery chose to settle in Zanzibar, Madagascar and Reunion island. Later, in Zanzibar, the Okello revolution of 1964 led to Comorian migratory surges on the island, and twelve years later, in 1975, those settled in Madagascar were ultimately victims of the massacres perpetrated against them in Majunga. These two events marked the end of Comorian migration in the sub-region.Additionally, the migration of Comorians to France in the 1970s, a consequence of the bloody events that occurred in the Indian Ocean, are subsequently discussed. The development of this new migration, its mode of organization and the migrants’ relationship to the country of origin are broadly analyzed. For this, we relied on directed and semi-directed interviews, participant observation, as well as on existing literature. Today, a quarter of all Comorians live in France and Marseille, welcoming more Comorians than Moroni, the capital of Comoros. The Comorian diaspora in France keeps very strong links with the country of origin, it is one of the most active in sub-Saharan Africa both in terms of social associations and in terms of remittances. This diaspora is by far the largest funder of the Comoros. Village development is supported by migrants through their association structures and every village in the Comoros has its migrant associations in France. The current migration policy in France is generating drip-feed entries at a time when the first generation of migrants is gradually weakening and fading. From now on, the exchanges with the village will rest on the descendants of migrants who alone will decide to maintain or abandon these ties

This thesis presents an ethnographic account of the everyday meanings and processes associated with the idea of ‘community’ within the London neighbourhood of Kilburn. In policy and popular discourse, community is cast both as somehow able to unite people across difference, and as under threat from the proliferation of difference, which is seen as impeding mutual understanding, cooperation and belonging. Within scholarly writing, ‘community’ is often challenged as too archaic, too rigid or too ambiguous a concept to provide sufficient analytical leverage or to work as a normative ideal. Against this background, my PhD takes a look the neighbourhood of Kilburn, where amidst significant diversity, tropes of community are still widely used. I investigate how residents imagine various forms of community in relation to diversity, as well as the connections and discontinuities between these various imaginings. I draw on 16 months of ethnographic fieldwork, following over a dozen community projects and groups, tracing informal local networks and getting to know residents individually. My ethnography ranges from community cafes, to religious youth groups, to urban ‘gangs’, to government-led urban regeneration projects. Despite the variation in how different individuals imagined ‘community’, there was a shared view of community as a space which facilitated the bridging of difference and the construction of shared moral projects. These spaces did not exist sui generis. Rather they were opened up through the balancing of two traits: fixity and fluidity. Fixity involved defining community in terms of a clearly identifiable and familiar set of boundary markers, which serve to give it an ‘objective’ existence. Fluidity involved suspending this attempt to define community in terms of the familiar, once people were involved, in order to allow for new, shared understandings and values to emerge. The first two chapters unpack this balancing of fixity and fluidity. Chapter 1, traces inclusion and exclusion in a range of community projects, and Chapter 2 looks at tropes of race and ethnicity, examining how such ideas might be treated as simultaneously fixed and fluid. . The two chapters unpack the transformational power of community. Chapter 3 looks at a community centre for young Muslims, as well as at a local community radio station, and argues that community spaces have the potential to foster an ethic of continual openness to difference. Chapter 4 looks at a group of ‘street youth’ and their diverse views of success, and argues that community can act as a collective repository of future potential, allowing community members to transform their ethical trajectory within their own lives. The final two chapters look at contestations over community. Chapter 5 looks at clashing uses of public spaces and argues that such spaces are often read in highly fixed ways, and as lacking the potential for community-like negotiations. Chapter 6 looks at local regeneration projects and contrasts the ways in which community is valued locally, to the ways in which it is valued by state and market actors. The thesis concludes by emphasizing the necessarily plural, dynamic, contested and grounded nature of the idea of community described here.

This two phase study explored perspectives of play according to children and parents of Somali heritage and primary school practitioners, in a city in South West England. In an addition to the considerable research base concerning play, this study investigated the frequently overlooked cultural dimension of play and how this affects the education of Somali heritage children in England. The broader contentious concern of play’s role in Early Years and Primary education was also explored. A mixed methods pragmatic approach was employed in this study. In Phase One, a photograph sorting activity based on the Activity Apperception Story Procedure by Howard (2002), was used to enable the participation of young children and participants for whom English is not their first language. Established via this activity were definitions of play and work according to children and parents of Somali heritage and primary school practitioners. Exploratory Data Analysis was applied to examine this data. In Phase Two, a focus group design was used, with discussions drawing on cross-cultural conceptions of play (Gaskins, Haight & Lancy, 2007; Göncü, Tuermer, Jain & Johnson, 1999). This enabled the exploration of how parents of Somali heritage and primary school practitioners perceive play’s relationship to children’s development and learning, with consideration for their own experiences of childhood. Focus group data was analysed using thematic analysis, supported by the Cultural Historical Activity Theory framework. The findings of this study highlight shared and individual definitions of play, competing benefits of play and the cross-cultural importance of play being intrinsically motivated. Implications for practice centre on the need to recognise play as part of unique cultural milieus at a practitioner, school, educational psychology service and policy level.

Luso-Venezuelan ‘returnees’ have been moving from Venezuela to Madeira since the 1990s. In recent years, they have arrived in masses, as a result of the ongoing crisis that hit the country after the severe global crash in oil prices. This study focuses on ‘roots migration’, specifically on the experiences of second-generation ‘returnees’ from Venezuela to Madeira, as an important part of the historic phenomenon of emigration from Portugal to Venezuela that started in the 1940s, with a clear majority departing from Madeira island. Drawing on fieldwork based on semi-directed interviews, the aim is to understand the circumstances in which the decision to relocate to Madeira takes place, and how the migration experience develops upon return. Taking into consideration and highlighting these individuals’ upbringing as children of well-integrated immigrants, we look at the way these migrants negotiate their identities and belonging, and how their constructions of the self and home influence their expectations and lived experience in the ancestral homeland.
‘Retornados’ Luso-Venezuelanos têm chegado à Madeira vindos da Venezuela, desde a década de 1990, e nos últimos anos, têm chegado em números significativos, como resultado da atual crise que o país tem atravessado desde a grave quebra global dos preços do petróleo. Este estudo centra-se na 'migração em busca de raízes', nomeadamente nas experiências dos filhos dos imigrantes Madeirenses na Venezuela, no âmbito do fenómeno histórico da emigração Portuguesa para a Venezuela que se iniciou nos anos 1940, e cuja maioria era oriunda da ilha da Madeira. A partir de um trabalho de campo centrado em entrevistas semi-diretivas, pretende-se compreender as circunstâncias em que surge a decisão de relocação para a Madeira, e como se desenvolve a experiência migratória após a chegada. Tendo em consideração que os indivíduos em questão são filhos de imigrantes bem integrados no país de acolhimento, analisamos a maneira como estes negociam a sua identidade e sentimentos de pertença, que por sua vez influenciam as expetativas criadas e posteriormente as experiências vivenciadas no país de origem dos pais.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
社會學研究所
102
This research aims to understand the process of identity formation of the second generation of Taiwanese expatriates who emigrated to Japan in the 1970s, especially why many of them have had a different choice in terms of citizenship from their parents’. Via in-depth interviews and field observations, this research tackles with following puzzles. First, the different effect of the first-generation expatriates’ choice between two kinds of citizenship in Japan -- “permanent resident” (永住，denizen) and “naturalization” (歸化) -- on their children’s identity formation. Second, how such a process affects the attitudes of the second-generation expatriates toward the relationship between Taiwan and Japan. Third, how the second-generation expatriates face their alleged “dual membership”? This research argues that, first, though the Japanese migration policy has made the ratification of denizen more difficult than that of naturalization, many second-generation expatriates still choose to be a denizen for its flexibility of being “in between.” Such a position enables them to enjoy near full citizenship in both Taiwan and Japan without being strictly tied to either nationalities. Second, those who choose to be naturalized have encountered emotional impacts on their roads of identification. Such a choice are generally affected by their linguistic capabilities and living experiences in Taiwan. These findings improve our understandings of migrants’ choice on citizenships. It may also contribute to our knowledge of the identity politics of children under transnational marriage as well.

In den letzten Jahren werden die Themen Migration und Integration vermehrt diskutiert in der deutschen Öffentlichkeit und mit der steigenden Anzahl an Einwanderern steigt der Wert wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse zu diesen Themen. Die Erkenntnisse von Integrationsforschern in die zeitlichen Abläufe von Integration sind jedoch begrenzt, da Theorien zur Integration überwiegend intergenerationale Integration thematisieren und ihnen ein konkretes Verständnis der zeitlichen Dimensionen von Integration und ihrer Mechanismen fehlt. In dieser Dissertation argumentiere ich, dass der Lebensverlauf eine zusätzliche und kritische zeitliche Dimension von Integration darstellt. Damit verbunden ist eine Kritik gängiger Assimilationstheorien für ihren Fokus auf intergenerationale Mechanismen von Integration und für das Fehlen einer systematischen Betrachtung der Lebensverläufe von Migranten. In diesem Sinn möchte die Dissertation zeigen, das die Nichtbeachtung der Lebensläufe von Migranten einen konzeptuellen Schwachpunkt der Assimilationstheorien darstellt, welcher wichtige zeitliche Integrationsprozesse und -mechanismen verschleiert. Die Dissertation untermauert diese Argumente theoretisch und empirisch. Der erste Teil der Dissertation diskutiert Assimilationstheorien und zeigt, wie eine Lebensverlaufperspektive ein detaillierteres und adäquateres Verständnis der zeitlichen Integrationsprozesse und -mechanismen bietet. Dieser Teil schließt mit den Schlussfolgerungen, dass Integration oder Segmentation über den Lebenslauf von Migranten erfolgt, dass Lebenslaufprinzipien wie “Linked Lives” oder Endogene Kausalität adäquate Instrumente darstellen, diese Entwicklungen zu verstehen, und dass die Lebensläufe der Eltern einen Einfluss auf die Lebenschancen der nächsten Generation haben. Der Hauptteil der Dissertation möchte die Fruchtbarkeit einer Lebenslaufperspektive für Studien zur Integration von Migranten empirisch untermauern. Zu diesem Zweck werden drei empirische Studien zur Arbeitsmarktintegration im Lebensverlauf der zweiten türkischen Einwanderergeneration in Deutschland präsentiert. Die erste Studie untersucht, ob die zweite türkische Einwanderergeneration in ähnlichem Ausmaß stabile Mittelschichtkarrieren verfolgt wie autochthone Deutsche. Damit wird eine zuverlässigere Antwort zu dieser Frage präsentiert als sie herkömmliche Querschnittstudien bieten können, welche Arbeitsmarktintegration zu einem Zeitpunkt im Lebenslauf untersuchen. Die Studie zeigt, dass die zweite Generation türkischer Einwanderer größere Probleme hat als autochthone Deutsche, eine stabile Mittelschichtkarriere zu verfolgen. Dies gilt insbesondere  für Frauen der zweiten türkischen Einwanderergeneration. Dazu tragen vor allem ihr geringeres aufnahmelandspezifisches Kapital wie Bildung und Sprachfähigkeiten bei. Die zweite Studie untersucht die Beschäftigungs- und Einkommensmobilität von Männern der zweiten türkischen Migrantengeneration sowie deren Verlauf über die frühe Erwerbskarriere. Dabei zeigt sich, dass diese Gruppe größere Arbeitslosigkeits- und Einkommensrisiken besitzt als autochthone Deutsche. Über die frühe Erwerbskarriere hinweg gleichen sich ihre geringeren Chancen auf Wiedereinstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt sowie ihre größeren Chancen auf Einkommenszuwächse denen der autochthonen Deutschen an, während ihre größeren Arbeitslosigkeitsrisiken bestehen bleiben. Auch hier zeigt sich, dass ihr geringeres aufnahmelandspezifisches Kapital die geringeren Arbeitsmarktchances von Männern der zweiten türkischen Einwanderergeneration beeinflusst. Zusätzlich zeigt sich, dass kumulative Nachteile die frühen Erwerbskarrieren dieser Gruppe beeinträchtigen.  Die dritte Studie untersucht, ob sich die Chancen auf Erwerbstätigkeit, Arbeitslosigkeit, und Hausfrauentätigkeit von Frauen der zweiten türkischen Generation mit denen von autochthonen deutschen Frauen über die frühe Erwerbskarriere hinweg angleichen. Es zeigt sich, dass Frauen der zweiten türkischen Generation öfter in Hausfrauentätigkeiten und weniger oft in Erwerbstätigkeit zu finden sind als autochthone deutsche Frauen. Über die frühe Erwerbskarriere hinweg gleichen sich die Chancen auf Erwerbstätigkeit und Hausfrauentätigkeit jedoch zwischen den beiden Gruppen an. Diese Entwicklung wird dabei überwiegend durch den späteren Eintritt der autochthonen deutschen Frauen in Mutterschaft verursacht, womit autochthone deutsche Frauen in der Regel die Erwerbsarbeit ruhen lassen.  Zusammengefasst tragen die Studien zur empirischen Literatur zur Integration von Migranten bei, indem sie den Arbeitsmarkterfolg von Migranten der zweiten türkischen Generation aus einer Längsschnittperspektive heraus untersuchen und Belege für die Bedeutung von Lebensverlaufsprozesse für die Integration von Migranten finden. In theoretischer Hinsicht stellen die Studien den Fokus klassischer und neuerer Assimilationstheorien auf intergenerationale Assimilation infrage und liefern gute Gründe für die Betrachtung von Integration aus einer Lebenslaufperspektive heraus.

Dissertação de mestrado em Estudos Interculturais Português/Chinês: Tradução, Formação e Comunicação Empresarial
A comunidade chinesa é a maior comunidade asiática presente em território português, registando um crescimento particular nos últimos anos. Verifica-se uma concentração sobretudo nos grandes centros urbanos, assim ordenados por ordem decrescente de representatividade: Lisboa, Porto, Faro, Aveiro, Braga e Leiria. Pretende-se com este trabalho não só identificar as razões que trouxeram chineses até Portugal mas também compreender a sua situação atual. A presente dissertação analisa as razões desta mudança num contexto de emigração internacional e de globalização. Procurou-se investigar também as ideias prévias sobre Portugal por parte de chineses que nunca estiveram no país. De seguida, foram aplicados inquéritos a chineses que vivem em Portugal em duas circunstâncias distintas: com residência permanente e residência temporária. Por fim, discute-se a sua situação quotidiana, ao nível económico e de integração social, sem deixar de se perspetivar o desenvolvimento futuro desta comunidade em Portugal, especialmente no que respeita aos emigrantes chineses de segunda geração.
The Chinese community is the largest Asian community present in the Portuguese territory, with a significative increase in recent years. There is a concentration especially in large urban centres, which are sorted in descending order of representativeness: Lisbon, Oporto and Faro, Aveiro, Braga and Leiria. The aim of this work is to explain the reasons why the Chinese brought to Portugal and its current situation. This dissertation analyses the reasons of their coming, in the context of international migration and globalization. We also tried to investigate the ideas of Chinese about Portugal who have never been in the country. Next, it has been applied surveys to Chinese living in Portugal in two different circumstances: permanent residence and temporary residence. Finally, it discusses the Chinese conmunity's current situation, concerning economic and social integration, while looking to the future development of this community in Portugal, particularly in relation to the Chinese immigrants of the second generation.
目前, 在葡萄牙境内，华人社会是最大的亚洲社区。按照人口数量递减顺序 排列，葡萄牙华人依次聚居在里斯本，波尔图，法鲁，阿威罗，布拉加和利亚拉。 近几年，移民到葡萄牙的国人数量不断增长。本论文旨在分析中国人来葡原因及 其在葡现状。 为了探讨中国人来葡萄牙的原因，首先在第一章中本论文分析了当前世界全 球化的大背景。之后对从未到访过葡萄牙的国人进行调查，旨在了解他们对葡萄 牙的第一印象及了解情况。最后，以调查问卷的形式对在葡的两类中国人：拥有 长期居留资格的中国人和具有短期居留资格的中国人进行调查，分析探讨其来葡 原因。