Journal articles: 'Second generation biomass'

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Burhani, Dian, Eka Triwahyuni, and Ruby Setiawan. "Second Generation Biobutanol: An Update." Reaktor 19, no. 3 (October 16, 2019): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.19.3.101-110.

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Butanol, a rising star in biofuel, can be produced by two approaches, petrochemically and biologically. Currently, the most promising route for butanol production is by fermentation using Clostridium species through an anaerobic condition. However, similar to other biofuels, feedstock has greatly influenced the production of biobutanol and the search for inexpensive and abundant raw material is an absolute requirement for a cost-effective process. Second-generation biobutanol which is produced from lignocellulosic biomass of agricultural and forestry waste not only meets the requirement but also alleviates competition with food crops and thereby solves the problems of food scarcity from the first generation biobutanol. This paper delivered the latest and update information regarding biobutanol production specifically second-generation biobutanol in terms of production method, recovery, purification, status, and technoeconomic. Keyword: biobutanol, lignocellulose, purification, recovery, technoeconomic

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Mahapatra, Manoj Kumar, and Arvind Kumar. "A Short Review on Biobutanol, a Second Generation Biofuel Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass." Journal of Clean Energy Technologies 5, no. 1 (2017): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/jocet.2017.5.1.338.

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Requejo, Ana, Susana Peleteiro, Alejandro Rodríguez, Gil Garrote, and Juan Carlos Parajó. "Second-Generation Bioethanol from Residual Woody Biomass." Energy & Fuels 25, no. 10 (October 20, 2011): 4803–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef201189q.

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Yazan, Devrim Murat, Iris van Duren, Martijn Mes, Sascha Kersten, Joy Clancy, and Henk Zijm. "Design of sustainable second-generation biomass supply chains." Biomass and Bioenergy 94 (November 2016): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2016.08.004.

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Fagernäs, L., J. Brammer, C. Wilén, M. Lauer, and F. Verhoeff. "Drying of biomass for second generation synfuel production." Biomass and Bioenergy 34, no. 9 (September 2010): 1267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.04.005.

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Soni, Sanjeev Kumar, Apurav Sharma, and Raman Soni. "Microbial Enzyme Systems in the Production of Second Generation Bioethanol." Sustainability 15, no. 4 (February 15, 2023): 3590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043590.

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The primary contributor to global warming has been the careless usage of fossil fuels. Urbanization’s threat to the depletion of these resources has made it necessary to find alternatives due to the rising demand. Four different forms of biofuels are now available and constitute a possible replacement for fossil fuels. The first generation of biofuels is generated from the edible portion of biomass, the second generation is made from the non-edible portion of biomass, the third generation is made from algal biomass, and the fourth generation is made using molecular biology to improve the algal strain. Second-generation biofuels are extremely important because they are derived from non-edible biomass, such as agricultural and agro-industrial wastes rich in cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, and starch impregnated with lignin, and are hydrolyzed after delignification by physio-chemical or biological pretreatments using ligninases. The enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of feedstocks for the production of second-generation bioethanol, a highly acceptable biofuel, are discussed in this article. Furthermore, the article discusses various fermentation technologies as well as significant developments in second-generation biofuel production by combining various microbial enzyme systems.

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Wright, Mark Mba. "Second Generation of Biofuels and Biomass. Roland A. Jansen." Energy Technology 1, no. 4 (April 2013): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ente.201305003.

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De Bari, Isabella, Federico Liuzzi, Alfredo Ambrico, and Mario Trupo. "Arundo donax Refining to Second Generation Bioethanol and Furfural." Processes 8, no. 12 (December 3, 2020): 1591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8121591.

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Biomass-derived sugars are platform molecules that can be converted into a variety of final products. Non-food, lignocellulosic feedstocks, such as agroforest residues and low inputs, high yield crops, are attractive bioresources for the production of second-generation sugars. Biorefining schemes based on the use of versatile technologies that operate at mild conditions contribute to the sustainability of the bio-based products. The present work describes the conversion of giant reed (Arundo donax), a non-food crop, to ethanol and furfural (FA). A sulphuric-acid-catalyzed steam explosion was used for the biomass pretreatment and fractionation. A hybrid process was optimized for the hydrolysis and fermentation (HSSF) of C6 sugars at high gravity conditions consisting of a biomass pre-liquefaction followed by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation with a step-wise temperature program and multiple inoculations. Hemicellulose derived xylose was dehydrated to furfural on the solid acid catalyst in biphasic media irradiated by microwave energy. The results indicate that the optimized HSSF process produced ethanol titers in the range 43–51 g/L depending on the enzymatic dosage, about 13–21 g/L higher than unoptimized conditions. An optimal liquefaction time before saccharification and fermentation tests (SSF) was 10 h by using 34 filter paper unit (FPU)/g glucan of Cellic® CTec3. C5 streams yielded 33.5% FA of the theoretical value after 10 min of microwave heating at 157 °C and a catalyst concentration of 14 meq per g of xylose.

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Chandrasiri, Yasindra Sandamini, W. M. Lakshika Iroshani Weerasinghe, D. A. Tharindu Madusanka, and Pathmalal M. Manage. "Waste-Based Second-Generation Bioethanol: A Solution for Future Energy Crisis." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 11, no. 1 (November 18, 2021): 275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2022.41774.

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The demand for more environmentally friendly alternative renewable fuels is growing as fossil fuel resources are depleting significantly. Consequently, bioethanol has attracted interest as a potentially viable fuel. The key steps in second-generation bioethanol production include pretreatment, saccharification, and fermentation. The present study employed simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of cellulose through bacterial pathways to generate second-generation bioethanol utilizing corncobs and paper waste as lignocellulosic biomass. Mechanical and chemical pretreatments were applied to both biomasses. Then, two bacterial strains, Bacillus sp. and Norcadiopsis sp., hydrolysed the pretreated biomass and fermented it along with Achromobacter sp., which was isolated and characterized from a previous study. Bioethanol production followed by 72 h of biomass hydrolysis employing Bacillus sp. and Norcadiopsis sp., and then 72 h of fermentation using Achromobacter sp. Using solid phase micro extraction combined with GCMS the ethanol content was quantified. SSF of alkaline pretreated paper waste hydrolysed by Bacillus sp. following the fermentation by Achromobacter sp. showed the maximum ethanol percentage of 0.734±0.154. Alkaline pretreated corncobs hydrolyzed by Norcadiopsis sp. yielded the lowest ethanol percentage of 0.155±0.154. The results of the study revealed that paper waste is the preferred feedstock for generating second-generation bioethanol. To study the possible use of ethanol-diesel blends as an alternative biofuel E2, E5, E7, and E10 blend emulsions were prepared mixing commercially available diesel with ethanol. The evaluated physico-chemical characteristics of the ethanol-diesel emulsions fulfilled the Ceypetco requirements except for the flashpoint revealing that the lower ethanol-diesel blends are a promising alternative to transport fuels. As a result, the current study suggests that second generation bioethanol could be used as a renewable energy source to help alleviate the energy crisis..

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Xia, Jiangbao, Shuyong Zhang, Tian Li, Xia Liu, Ronghua Zhang, and Guangcan Zhang. "Effect of Continuous Cropping Generations on Each Component Biomass of Poplar Seedlings during Different Growth Periods." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/618421.

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In order to investigate the change rules and response characteristics of growth status on each component of poplar seedling followed by continuous cropping generations and growth period, we clear the biomass distribution pattern of poplar seedling, adapt continuous cropping, and provide theoretical foundation and technical reference on cultivation management of poplar seedling, the first generation, second generation, and third generation continuous cropping poplar seedlings were taken as study objects, and the whole poplar seedling was harvested to measure and analyze the change of each component biomass on different growth period poplar leaves, newly emerging branches, trunks and root system, and so forth. The results showed that the whole biomass of poplar seedling decreased significantly with the leaf area and its ratio increased, and the growth was inhibited obviously. The biomass aboveground was more than that underground. The ratios of leaf biomass and newly emerging branches biomass of first continuous cropping poplar seedling were relatively high. With the continuous cropping generations and growth cycle increasing, poplar seedling had a growth strategy to improve the ratio of root-shoot and root-leaf to adapt the limited soil nutrient of continuous cropping.

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Kshirsagar, Charudatta M., and R. Anand. "An Overview of Biodiesel Extraction from the Third Generation Biomass Feedstock: Prospects and Challenges." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 1881–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.1881.

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Despite of the fact that the first and the second generation biomass feedstock are attractive options for the biofuel production, these production schemes are considered unsustainable. As the demand for renewable energy grows exponentially, the practicability of the production of these energy carriers becomes tentative and limited since large arable croplands in tropical and tempe-rate regions are required for their cultivation. Moreover, the conversion processes (i.e. thermo-chemical and bio-chemical) associated with the second generation biomass feedstock are far more complex and sophisticated because of the recalcitrant nature of cellulosic biomass. The biofuels, thus, derived are not cost-competitive with existing petroleum derived fuels. In future, the integra-tion of various biochemical and bioprocessing technologies will be supporting the establishment of biomass energy programs. This paper is an attempt to review the potential of microalgal biodiesel in comparison to the first and the second generation biomass feedstock and its global prospects. Keywords : microalgae biomass, pretreatment, biofuels, clean energy

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Zhang, Ji, Junling Yang, Huafu Zhang, Zhentao Zhang, and Yu Zhang. "Research status and future development of biomass liquid fuels." BioResources 16, no. 2 (April 8, 2021): 4523–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.2.zhang.

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Due to the combined pressures of energy shortage and environmental degradation, bio-liquid fuels have been widely studied as a green, environmentally friendly, renewable petroleum alternative. This article summarizes the various technologies of three generations of biomass feedstocks (especially the second-generation, biomass lignin, and the third-generation, algae raw materials) used to convert liquid fuels (bioethanol, biodiesel, and bio-jet fuel) and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages. In addition, this article details the latest research progress in biomass liquid fuel production, summarizes the list of raw materials, products and conversion processes, and provides personal opinions on its future development. The aim is to provide a theoretical basis and reference for the optimization of existing technology and future research and development of biomass liquid fuels.

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Casanave, Dominique, Jean-Luc Duplan, and Edouard Freund. "Diesel fuels from biomass." Pure and Applied Chemistry 79, no. 11 (January 1, 2007): 2071–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200779112071.

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The demand for transportation fuels - gasoline (for cars), diesel (for trucks and cars), and kerosene (for aircraft) - is predicted to increase. The fastest growth will be observed for kerosene, in competition with diesel, inducing constraints on diesel. At the same time, all of these fuels are derived mainly from oil (more than 95 %), thus generating growing, uncontrolled CO2 emissions. Therefore, production of diesel derived from biomass (the so-called biodiesel) appears as a major objective. In this paper, we describe the existing industrial processes, discuss the possible improvements, and present the new routes (the "second-generation" processes) under development that will allow biodiesel to gain a significant percentage of the diesel (and maybe of middle distillates) pool.

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Rodrigues, Plínio R., Mateus F. L. Araújo, Tamarah L. Rocha, Ronnie Von S. Veloso, Lílian A. Pantoja, and Alexandre S. Santos. "Evaluation of buriti endocarp as lignocellulosic substrate for second generation ethanol production." PeerJ 6 (August 2, 2018): e5275. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5275.

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The production of lignocellulosic ethanol is one of the most promising alternatives to fossil fuels; however, this technology still faces many challenges related to the viability of the lignocellulosic alcohol in the market. In this paper the endocarp of buriti fruit was assessed for ethanol production. The fruit endocarp was characterized physically and chemically. Acid and alkaline pre-treatments were optimized by surface response methodology for removal of hemicellulose and lignin from the biomass. Hemicellulose content was reduced by 88% after acid pretreatment. Alkaline pre-treatment reduced the lignin content in the recovered biomass from 11.8% to 4.2% and increased the concentration of the cellulosic fraction to 88.5%. The pre-treated biomass was saccharified by the action of cellulolytic enzymes and, under optimized conditions, was able to produce 110 g of glucose per L of hydrolyzate. Alcoholic fermentation of the enzymatic hydrolyzate performed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulted in a fermented medium with 4.3% ethanol and a yield of product per substrate (YP/S) of 0.33.

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Junior, Nei Pereira, Anelize de Oliveira Moraes, Luiz Felipe Modesto, and Ninoska Isabel Bojorge Ramirez. "Reuse of Residual Biomass of Cellulose Industry for Second Generation Bioethanol Production." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 6, no. 1 (January 30, 2016): 768–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jbt.v6i1.4805.

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This study aimed at evaluating the potential of pulp mill residue (PMR) as a feedstock for ethanol production. The simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process was operated using 8 gL -1 of a commercial strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae JP1 under optimal proportions of cellulase cocktail (24.8 FPU/g cellulose of CellicÂ® CTec2) and cellulosic residue (200 gL -1 ). After 48 hours of pre-hydrolysis at 50ÂºC and 200 rpm, the fermentation was carried out at 37 ÂºC, generating 48.5 gL -1 of ethanol in 10 hours and reaching a conversion efficiency of 53.3% from cellulose to ethanol and a volumetric productivity of 4.8 gL -1 h -1 that is within the range of values of first generation ethanol production (5-8 gL -1 h -1 ). These results showed that the pulp mill residue is an interesting and effective feedstock for the production of ethanol, which can be used for fuel purposes in the own pulp mills.

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Rachid-Casnati, Cecilia, Fernando Resquin, and Leonidas Carrasco-Letelier. "Availability and Environmental Performance of Wood for a Second-Generation Biorefinery." Forests 12, no. 11 (November 22, 2021): 1609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12111609.

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The current global climate change, the 2030 Agenda, and the planetary boundaries have driven new development strategies, such as the circular economy, bioeconomy, and biorefineries. In this framework, this study analyzes the potential availability and sustainability of the wood supply chain for a small-scale biorefinery aiming at producing 280–300 L of bioethanol per ton of dry biomass, consuming 30,000 t of dry biomass per year harvested in a 50 km radius. This wood production goal was assessed from Eucalyptus grandis stands planted for solid wood in northeastern Uruguay. Moreover, to understand the environmental performance of this biomass supply chain, the energy return on investment (EROI), carbon footprint (CF), and potential soil erosion were also assessed. The results showed that the potential wood production would supply an average of 81,800 t of dry mass per year, maintaining the soil erosion below the upper threshold recommended, an EROI of 2.3, and annual CF of 1.22 kg CO2−eq m−3 (2.6 g CO2−eq MJ−1). Combined with the environmental performance of the bioethanol biorefinery facility, these results would show acceptable values of sustainability according to EU Directive 2009/28/ec because the bioethanol CF becomes 1.7% of this petrol’s CF.

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Trohlyuk, T. "ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC CONFLICTS: AGRICULTURAL USE OR CULTIVATION BIOMASS SECOND GENERATION." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Economics, no. 160 (2014): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2667.2014/160-7/17.

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Prati, Laura, Davide Bergna, Alberto Villa, Paolo Spontoni, Claudia L. Bianchi, Tao Hu, Henrik Romar, and Ulla Lassi. "Carbons from second generation biomass as sustainable supports for catalytic systems." Catalysis Today 301 (March 2018): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2017.03.007.

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Barros-Rios, Jaime, Aloia Romani, Susana Peleteiro, Gil Garrote, and Bernardo Ordas. "Second-generation bioethanol of hydrothermally pretreated stover biomass from maize genotypes." Biomass and Bioenergy 90 (July 2016): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2016.03.029.

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Brusca, Sebastian, Salvatore Luciano Cosentino, Fabio Famoso, Rosario Lanzafame, Stefano Mauro, Michele Messina, and Pier Francesco Scandura. "Second generation bioethanol production from Arundo donax biomass: an optimization method." Energy Procedia 148 (August 2018): 728–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2018.08.141.

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Ge, Changfeng, Baxter Lansing, and Robert Aldi. "Starch foams containing biomass from the second generation cellulosic ethanol production." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 132, no. 18 (January 23, 2015): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.41940.

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Satari, Behzad, Keikhosro Karimi, and Rajeev Kumar. "Cellulose solvent-based pretreatment for enhanced second-generation biofuel production: a review." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 3, no. 1 (2019): 11–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8se00287h.

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Kang, Qian, Lise Appels, Tianwei Tan, and Raf Dewil. "Bioethanol from Lignocellulosic Biomass: Current Findings Determine Research Priorities." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/298153.

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“Second generation” bioethanol, with lignocellulose material as feedstock, is a promising alternative for first generation bioethanol. This paper provides an overview of the current status and reveals the bottlenecks that hamper its implementation. The current literature specifies a conversion of biomass to bioethanol of 30 to ~50% only. Novel processes increase the conversion yield to about 92% of the theoretical yield. New combined processes reduce both the number of operational steps and the production of inhibitors. Recent advances in genetically engineered microorganisms are promising for higher alcohol tolerance and conversion efficiency. By combining advanced systems and by intensive additional research to eliminate current bottlenecks, second generation bioethanol could surpass the traditional first generation processes.

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Trautmann, Martin, Armin Löwe, and Yvonne Traa. "An alternative method for the production of second-generation biofuels." Green Chem. 16, no. 8 (2014): 3710–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4gc00649f.

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Biogenic energy cycle: Manifold types of biological wastes can be converted into a valuable coal by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). Hereafter green biofuels can be obtained by direct coal liquefaction (DCL) more efficiently than directly from biomass. After combustion of biofuels, carbon dioxide and water can be used for plant growth to close the energy cycle in an environmentally sustainable way.

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Hossain, Md Zahir, and Hazlee Azil Illias. "Combined binary and gasifier-based power generation from biomass and biowaste in Malaysia." Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 15, no. 1 (January 2023): 014701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0121423.

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Growing environmental concerns due to emission of greenhouse gas from the use of nonrenewable resources can be reduced with the aid of renewable resources, which are considered as an alternative fuel in the absence of fossil fuel in the future. Biomass, one of the renewable resources, is supposed to play an important role in energy sectors because it is the second cheapest energy source among the renewable resources. Apart from generating electricity by using the current biomass technology, such as combustion, gasification, or pyrolysis, a combination of binary and gasification can be one of the effective ways to harvest energy from biomass and to secure the energy production. In term of biomass, Malaysia is blessed with a plenty of renewable energy resources including solar, biomass, and hydro. Hence, a combined binary and biomass power generation can be a promising source of energy generation. In this work, a techno-economic feasibility study on a binary and gasifier-based power generation system from biomass and municipal waste is conducted. The study is conducted to determine the suitability of the system development in Malaysia based on the current resources available. From the results obtained, it is found that the estimated amount of electricity generated from palm empty fruit bunch and municipal waste is 369.65 GWh/yr and 21 262.327 84 GWh/yr, respectively, using combined binary and gasifier-based power generation. Thus, a combined binary and gasifier-based power generation from biomass and biowaste is feasible to be developed in Malaysia.

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Bronzato, Giovana R. F., Victor A. C. A. dos Reis, Jessyca A. Borro, Alcides L. Leão, and Ivana Cesarino. "Second generation ethanol made from coir husk under the biomass Cascade approach." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 693, no. 1 (November 2, 2019): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15421406.2020.1723890.

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Osaki, Márcia R., and Paulo Seleghim. "Bioethanol and power from integrated second generation biomass: A Monte Carlo simulation." Energy Conversion and Management 141 (June 2017): 274–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2016.08.076.

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Sinitsyn, Arkadij P., and Olga A. Sinitsyna. "Bioconversion of Renewable Plant Biomass. Second-Generation Biofuels: Raw Materials, Biomass Pretreatment, Enzymes, Processes, and Cost Analysis." Biochemistry (Moscow) 86, S1 (January 2021): S166—S195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0006297921140121.

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Patel, Shalu, Savita Dixit, Kavita Gidwani Suneja, and Nilesh Tipan. "Second Generation Biofuel – An Alternative Clean Fuel." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE 7, no. 3 (March 26, 2021): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijoscience.v7i3.364.

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Renewable energy resources are in high demand to decrease dependence on fossil fuels and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Biofuel industries, particularly bioethanol and biodiesel, have been rapidly increasing in tandem with agricultural production over more than a decade. First-generation biofuel manufacturing is heavily reliant on agriculture food sources like maize, sugarcane, sugar beets, soybeans, and canola. As a result, the intrinsic competitiveness among foods and fuels has been a point of contention in community for the past couple of years. Existing technological advancements in research and innovation have paved the way for the manufacturing of next-generation biofuels from a variety of feedstock’s, including agricultural waste materials, crops remnants and cellulosic biomass from high-yielding trees and bushes varieties. This report discusses the existing state of second-generation biofuel manufacturing as well as the feedstock utilized in fuel production, biofuel production globally and the current situation in India. This study also explores the current advancements in the findings and advancement of second-generation biofuel extraction from various feedstock’s. The forthcoming directions of agriculture and energy industrial sectors has also been addressed in order to feed the world 's growing population and to fuel the world's most energy-intensive industry, transportation.

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Karim, S. Abdul, and B. J. Hawkins. "Variation in response to nutrition in a three-generation pedigree of Populus." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29, no. 11 (December 1, 1999): 1743–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x99-149.

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Response to nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) was examined in a three-generation pedigree of Populus in 1996 and 1997. In 1996, the first-generation parental clones female Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray and male Populus deltoides Bartr. and second-generation male and female F1 hybrids were grown in five treatments of varying N:P ratio. In 1997, 29 third-generation F2 clones and the first-generation clones were grown with high or low N and P. Variability in response to nutrients existed among and within generations. Growth increased with N supply but not with P supply because of N limitation. On average, the male F1 hybrid had the greatest growth and biomass per unit foliar N and P, while the female F1 hybrid and P. trichocarpa were intermediate. Populus deltoides was least productive in 1996. Most F2 clones had poorer growth than the first-generation clones, but some F2 clones were as productive and variation was large. Clones 331-1078 and 331-1122 produced at least as much biomass and biomass per unit foliar N and P as P. trichocarpa, the most productive first-generation clone. With larger screening trials, clones combining high growth rates with low nutrient requirements may be found and selected for use on nutrient-poor sites.

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Vintila, Teodor, Ioana Ionel, Tagne Tiegam Rufis Fregue, Adriana Raluca Wächter, Calin Julean, and Anagho Solomon Gabche. "Residual biomass from food processing industry in Cameroon as feedstock for second-generation biofuels." BioResources 14, no. 2 (March 22, 2019): 3731–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.2.3731-3745.

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The yields in bioconversion of residues produced in the Cameroon food industry to liquid and gaseous biofuels were evaluated and the potential of these residues as feedstock for renewable energy production in Cameroon were assessed. Residues generated after processing avocado, cocoa, and peanut crops were converted at laboratory-scale to second-generation gaseous biofuels (biogas) and liquid biofuels (ethanol). Mechanical (milling), thermal-chemical (steam-NaOH), and microwave pretreatments were applied before hydrolysis of biomass using cellulolytic enzymes. Cellulosic sugars production potential was also assessed. The energy conversion rate was higher when anaerobic digestion technology was applied to convert the tested biomass to methane. The total Cameroon potential under anaerobic digestion technology is over 330,000 m3, which represents 28% from oil consumption or 5.39% from electricity consumption when lignocellulosic ethanol technology was applied. The national potential was assessed up to 200,000 kg, representing 17% from oil consumption in transport or 3.19% from electricity consumption. Overall, the share of energy potential of the tested residual biomass is important when compared to fossil fuel consumption in Cameroon and represents an important potential feedstock for electricity production.

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LUCENA, Juliana de Almeida Yanaguizawa, and Letícia Matias Batista da SILVA. "Use Of Sugarcane Biomass In Brazil." International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability, and Social Science 2, no. 3 (January 4, 2022): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.38142/ijesss.v2i3.106.

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Recently, the use of biomass energy has been growing worldwide on an accelerated trajectory, with the prospect of staying among the main renewable energy sources for the coming decades, along with wind and solar energy. Brazil is the largest producer of sugarcane on the planet and the second-largest producer of ethanol. But in addition to sugar, first-generation ethanol, and vinasse (for ferti-irrigation), other by-products and process residues from the plants (such as bagasse, filter cake, vinasse, straw, and sugarcane tip) can be used for the production of thermal and electric energies and also second-generation ethanol and biogas fuels. In this context, this paper presents the current scenario of sugarcane biomass in Brazil, discussing issues involving the use of sugar-alcohol by-products for bioenergy and biofuel production. Furthermore, a study on the reuse of sugarcane bagasse fibers for the production of eco-composite material is also presented. Finally, the concepts of biomass energy are described from a bibliographic survey and the previous experiences of the authors.

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Branco, Rita, Luísa Serafim, and Ana Xavier. "Second Generation Bioethanol Production: On the Use of Pulp and Paper Industry Wastes as Feedstock." Fermentation 5, no. 1 (December 24, 2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation5010004.

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Due to the health and environment impacts of fossil fuels utilization, biofuels have been investigated as a potential alternative renewable source of energy. Bioethanol is currently the most produced biofuel, mainly of first generation, resulting in food-fuel competition. Second generation bioethanol is produced from lignocellulosic biomass, but a costly and difficult pretreatment is required. The pulp and paper industry has the biggest income of biomass for non-food-chain production, and, simultaneously generates a high amount of residues. According to the circular economy model, these residues, rich in monosaccharides, or even in polysaccharides besides lignin, can be utilized as a proper feedstock for second generation bioethanol production. Biorefineries can be integrated in the existing pulp and paper industrial plants by exploiting the high level of technology and also the infrastructures and logistics that are required to fractionate and handle woody biomass. This would contribute to the diversification of products and the increase of profitability of pulp and paper industry with additional environmental benefits. This work reviews the literature supporting the feasibility of producing ethanol from Kraft pulp, spent sulfite liquor, and pulp and paper sludge, presenting and discussing the practical attempt of biorefineries implementation in pulp and paper mills for bioethanol production.

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Lo, S. L. Y., K. G. H. Kong, B. S. How, J. Y. Lim, P. L. Show, and J. Sunarso. "Techno-economic evaluation of microalgae-based supply chain: Review on recent approaches." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1195, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1195/1/012026.

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Abstract Third generation biomass-derived products such as biofuel has been garnering attention as a viable alternative energy source recently as it does not necessarily require fresh water and vast land for cultivation as compared to first-generation and second-generation biomass. However, extensive studies have to go into the feasibility evaluation for third generation biomass utilization prior to upscaling the process to commercial level. Other than comprehensive technical evaluation such as experimental studies to understand the microalgae productivity, economic evaluation of the utilization of third-generation biomass is also critical specifically in the perspective of supply chain. Therefore, the objective of this review is to lay out an overall picture to the readers the various option of approaches or methods utilized in feasibility evaluation of the microalgae-based supply chain. The outcome of the review paper indicated that approximately 58% of the papers reviewed opted for mathematical modeling with optimization whereas the remaining 42% opted for mathematical modeling without optimization.

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Kouwanou, Cosme Sagbo, Euloge Sènan Adjou, Cokou Pascal Agbangnan Dossa, and Dominique Codjo Koko Sohounhloué. "Enzymatic Biocatalysis of Biomass from Aquatic Plant Phragmite Karka for Second-Generation Bioethanol Production." Academic Journal of Chemistry, no. 72 (April 12, 2022): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ajc.72.17.22.

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In the context of energy transition and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, the production of second-generation bioethanol is also recognized as a promising way to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels. Then, the present studies aim to evaluate the enzymatic biocatalysis of biomass from aquatic plant Phragmite karka in the second-generation bioethanol production. Results obtained revealed a rapid decrease of °Brix during the fermentation of musts and underlined the efficacy of enzyme hydrolysis. The rate of sugar consumption by yeasts is between 32.43 and 70.27%. The yield of ethanol production of yeasts indicated that Angel Brand Thermal-tolerant alcohol active dry yeast was the best yeast strain for this fermentation. These findings underline the potential of Phragmite karka plant materials in the perspective of intensive production of second-generation bioethanol.

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Ahmad, A., S. R. Muria, and M. Tuljannah. "Production of Second Generation Bioethanol from Palm Fruit Fiber Biomass using Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1295 (September 2019): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1295/1/012030.

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Cotana, Franco, Gianluca Cavalaglio, Andrea Nicolini, Mattia Gelosia, Valentina Coccia, Alessandro Petrozzi, and Lucia Brinchi. "Lignin as Co-product of Second Generation Bioethanol Production from Ligno-cellulosic Biomass." Energy Procedia 45 (2014): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.01.007.

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Clark, James H. "Green chemistry for the second generation biorefinery—sustainable chemical manufacturing based on biomass." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 82, no. 7 (2007): 603–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.1710.

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Capdevila, Verónica Elizabeth, María Cristina Gely, Viatcheslav Kafarov, and Ana María Pagano. "Valorization of Waste Food Industry for Producing Second Generation Bioethanol." Advanced Materials Research 1139 (July 2016): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1139.33.

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The aim of this report is to introduce a simulation model of the process of obtaining second-generation bioethanol from waste food industry (rice husk and whey), using Aspen HYSYS simulator in stationary state. The objective is to add value to this waste for the production of sustainable biofuels, helping to solve two problems shortages of oil and the generation of effluent dairies. The model includes the steps of hydrolysis, fermentation and separation of bioethanol generated from lignocellulosic waste (rice husk) in combination with whey, achieving the equipment design and operating conditions to reach a production of bioethanol of 7.57 t/h with a purity of 91.9% w/w from 28.89 t/h of pretreated biomass and 88 t/h whey.

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Balla, Zoltán. "Development opportunities of biomass-based ethanol production in relation to starch- and cellulosebased bioethanol production." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 51 (February 10, 2013): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/51/2065.

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The biomass is such a row material that is available in large quantities and it can be utilizied by the biotechnology in the future. Nowadays the technology which can process ligno cellulose and break down into fermentable sugars is being researched. One possible field of use of biomass is the liquid fuel production such as ethanol production. Based on the literary life cycle analysis, I compared the starch-based (first generation) to cellulose-based (second generation) bioethanol production in my study considering into account various environmental factors (land use, raw material production, energy balance). After my examination I came to the conclusion that the use of bioethanol, independent of its production technology, is favorable from environmental point of view but the application of second generation bioethanol has greater environmentally benefits.

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Zhu, Lian Dong, Erkki Hiltunen, and Josu Takala. "Microalgal Biofuels Beat the First and Second Generation Biofuels." Applied Mechanics and Materials 197 (September 2012): 760–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.197.760.

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Recently biofuels derived from biomass have received increased concerns in an attempt to search for sustainable development. The first and second generation biofuels are unsustainable since the growth of these food or non-food crops for biofuel generation will compete for limited arable farmlands, thus increasing the risks on food availability. Microalgal biofuels, known as the third generation biofuels, have the potential for sustainable production in an economically effective manner. The advantages of microalgae as a biofuel feedstock are many, for instance, high photosynthesis efficiency, high oil content and noncompetition with food crop production on farmlands. Microalgae can be employed for the production of biodiesel, bioethanol, biogas, biohydrogen, among others. The integrated biorefinery approach has huge potential to greatly improve the economics of biofuel production from microalgae. However, the production of microalgal biofuels is still at pre-commercial stages since it is expensive to produce substantial amount of biofuels at a large scale. Despite this, microalgae are still the most promising and best feedstock available for the biofuels. Biotechnology advances including genetic and metabolic engineering, well-funded R&D researches and policy support can make microalgal biofuels have a bright future.

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Fiala, Marco, and Luca Nonini. "Biomass and biofuels." EPJ Web of Conferences 189 (2018): 00006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818900006.

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Biomass includes all materials that contain organic carbon bound in the chemical structure of molecules, resulting from the chlorophylline photosynthesis, carried out by autotrophies organisms. Lots of biomass from agricultural, agri-food and forestry sectors can be used for energy purposes, representing an essential renewable energy source that, if appropriately managed, can help to reduce the negative environmental impacts arising from the exploitation of fossil fuels. The possibility of using biomass for a speciﬁc production process mainly depends on its physical and chemical properties. This paper is organized in two sections: in the ﬁrst one, the most important biomass used worldwide for energy generation (thermal energy and/or electric energy), as well as its properties, are described. In the second one, the main biomass-to-energy processes (thermochemical and biochemical conversions) are shortly explained. Finally, some emerging techniques (such as bio-methane and bio-hydrogen production) are discussed in more detail.

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Damartzis, T., and A. Zabaniotou. "Thermochemical conversion of biomass to second generation biofuels through integrated process design—A review." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15, no. 1 (January 2011): 366–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2010.08.003.

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Munaiz, Eduardo D., Kenneth A. Albrecht, and Bernardo Ordas. "Genetic Diversity for Dual Use Maize: Grain and Second-Generation Biofuel." Agronomy 11, no. 2 (January 27, 2021): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020230.

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Maize biomass from agricultural residues can be a substrate for biofuel production. However, commercial breeding programs have focused on grain yield for food and feed, and whole plant yield and nutritive value for silage, with little attention paid directly to stover yield or composition. Enhancing the energy content of crop residues with higher quality cellulosic biomass for ethanol conversion should provide a complementary use to grain use. We also question whether there is maize germplasm predisposed to dual use as second-generation biofuel. Twenty genotypes, including landraces from Spain, Atlantic, and Mediterranean Europe and genotypes derived from Iowa stiff stalk synthetic, Lancaster, and commercial hybrids were studied in a randomized complete block design across environments in Galicia (Spain) in 2010 and 2011. Germplasm was evaluated for agronomic characteristics and fiber parameters. Results show high heritability for all characteristics and parameters, ranging from 0.81 to 0.98. Principal components analysis revealed clear differences among origin of the varieties studied. Hybrids had the highest grain yield values and B73xMo17 and PR34G13 had the highest grain yield overall, at 10133 and 9349 kg/ha, respectively. European landrace varieties had lower harvest indexes (HI) than the hybrid origin, with Faro and BSL having HI of 0.43–0.47, compared to hybrid PR34613 at 0.56. Fiber concentrations were significantly correlated with yield performance, with values ranging from 0.38 to 0.61 for cob fibers and between −0.14 to −0.57 for stover fibers. Fiber concentrations were significantly different, based on the origins, in cobs but not in stover, with the Atlantic European group showing a favorable trend for cob exploitation with low acid detergent lignin and high acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber values. In summary, population origin showed a reservoir of genetic diversity for breeding to improve residue quality, suggesting that adaptation played a role for stover yield and quality. European landraces could be used in prebreeding programs with stover yield and fiber quality as target traits for dual-purpose maize.

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Eckhoff, Mike, and Kurt Mackes. "A Case for Increasing Forest Biomass Utilization Research in Colorado." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/25.1.22.

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Abstract Colorado's forests are being squeezed by two intense, seemingly relentless, and largely antagonistic forces. The first force is the increasing pressure from within the forest due to dense, overgrown stands. The second force is the increasing pressures from increasing human populationsexogenous to the forests. One way to improve forest health and reduce risks to humans at the same time is to remove materials in the form of forest biomass from the forest through hazardous fuels reduction projects. Forest biomass can be used in a variety of products, but because of low profitmargins, forest biomass is used for energy purposes only when no other product is possible. However, because of recent policy enactments, energy uses are becoming more attractive. These recent policy enactments are briefly discussed. Then, potential forest biomass uses are considered, includingelectricity generation, thermal applications, and the production of second-generation liquid biofuels. Recommendations are made for uses that stand the best chance of restoring forest health, reducing fire risk to homes, providing a renewable alternative to fossil fuels, and reducing the costsof doing so to taxpayers.

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Bai, Yinjuan, James H. Clark, Thomas J. Farmer, Ian D. V. Ingram, and Michael North. "Wholly biomass derivable sustainable polymers by ring-opening metathesis polymerisation of monomers obtained from furfuryl alcohol and itaconic anhydride." Polymer Chemistry 8, no. 20 (2017): 3074–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7py00486a.

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Weerasinghe, Weerasinghe Mudiyanselage Lakshika Iroshani, Dampe Acharige Tharindu Madusanka, and Pathmalal Marakkale Manage. "Isolation and Identification of Cellulase Producing and Sugar Fermenting Bacteria for Second-Generation Bioethanol Production." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 10, no. 4 (April 10, 2021): 699–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2021.35527.

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Over the last decades, the negative impacts of fossil fuel on the environment and increasing demand for energy due to the unavoidable depletion of fossil fuels, has transformed the world’s interests towards alternative fuels. In particular, bioethanol production from cellulosic biomass for the transportation sector has been incrementing since the last decade. The bacterial pathway for bioethanol production is a relatively novel concept and the present study focused on the isolation of potential “cellulase-producing” bacteria from cow dung, compost soil, and termite gut and isolating sugar fermenting bacteria from palm wine. To select potential candidates for cellulase enzyme production, primary and secondary assays were conducted using the Gram’s iodine stain in Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) medium and the Dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) assays, respectively. Durham tube assay and Solid-Phase Micro-Extraction (SPME) coupled with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to evaluate the sugar fermenting efficiency of the isolated bacteria. Out of 48 bacterial isolates, 27 showed cellulase activity where Nocardiopsis sp. (S-6) demonstrated the highest extracellular crude enzyme activity of endoglucanase (1.56±0.021 U) and total cellulase activity (0.93±0.012 U). The second-highest extracellular crude enzyme activity of endoglucanase (0.21±0.021 U) and total cellulase activity (0.35±0.021 U) was recorded by Bacillus sp. (T-4). Out of a total of 8 bacterial isolates, Achromobacter sp. (PW-7) was positive for sugar fermentation resulting in 3.07% of ethanol in broth medium at 48 h incubation. The results of the study revealed that Nocardiopsis sp. (S-6) had the highest cellulase enzyme activity. However, the highest ethanol percentage was achieved with by having both Bacillus sp. (T-4) and Achromobacter sp. (PW-7) for the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) method, as compared to separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) methodologies.

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Tan, Qin Liang, Cai Juan Zhang, Xiao Ying Hu, Li Gang Wang, Qiang Lu, and Chang Qing Dong. "Research on Additional Specific Consumption Distribution of Biomass Direct Combustion Power Plant." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 631–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.631.

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Biomass direct combustion power generation is the most simple but effective way in dealing with environmental issues and energy crisis. A comprehensive diagnosis with accurate evaluation of energy saving potential of a given biomass power plant is of great importance in lowing the cost of generating electricity, reducing the consumption of energy and pollutant emissions [1]. This paper throws light upon an innovative energy consumption diagnosis method-the specific consumption analysis theory, which is based on the First and Second law of thermodynamics [2,3]. Taking a given biomass power plant of National Energy Group as an example, mathematical models are made based on all the components and processes. The specific consumption analysis theory is employed to calculate the specific consumption within the biomass power plant using design parameters under design operating conditions, thus demonstrating the specific consumption distribution in the power plant, which provides theoretical basis for energy-saving and optimization in biomass power plant.

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Wang, Chao, Guan Yi Chen, and Wei Juan Lan. "Research Progress in the Bio-Oil Hydrotreating Process." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.231.

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Bio-oil derived from biomass fast pyrolysis and biodiesel are all clean and renewable energy, which have been paid more and more attention by relevant researchers. The technology of biomass pyrolysis oil’s refining and producing second generation biodiesel by hydrotreating process are developed rapidly. This article presents the new research progress in the bio-oil hydrotreating refining for fuel.

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Epplin, Francis M., and Mohua Haque. "Policies to Facilitate Conversion of Millions of Acres to the Production of Biofuel Feedstock." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 43, no. 3 (August 2011): 385–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800004387.

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First-generation grain ethanol biofuel has affected the historical excess capacity problem in U.S. agriculture. Second-generation cellulosic ethanol biofuel has had difficulty achieving cost-competitiveness. Third-generation drop-in biofuels are under development. If lignocellulosic biomass from perennial grasses becomes the feedstock of choice for second- and third-generation biorefineries, an integrated system could evolve in which a biorefinery directly manages feedstock production, harvest, storage, and delivery. Modeling was conducted to determine the potential economic benefits from an integrated system. Relatively low-cost public policies that could be implemented to facilitate economic efficiency are proposed.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Second generation biomass'

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