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Takahashi, Tomoyuki. "Presenting the Second JDR Award." Journal of Disaster Research 12, no. 2 (March 16, 2017): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2017.p0223.
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The Journal of Disaster Research (JDR) has published many special issues in addition to its regular issues. These special issues have included various papers that have covered disasters comprehensively. Among them, the Special Issue on “Tsunami Forces and Effects on Structures” in Vol.4 No.6, 2009 and the Special Issue on “Uncertainties in Tsunami Effects” in Vol.11 No.4, 2016 include practical papers on tsunami disasters which are sure to contribute greatly to tsunami disaster control. The members of the JDR editorial board have unanimously agreed to present this second JDR Award to the editor of the special issues: Harry Yeh Professors, School of Civil and Construction Engineering, Oregon State University, USA I met Professor Harry Yeh for the first time while doing a field survey on the earthquake and tsunami that struck Flores Island, Indonesia in December 1992. He was already a world-renowned researcher, known for his theoretical tsunami research based on accurate hydraulic experiments. I remember that I was deeply impressed with his energetic attitude towards the survey as he worked to reveal phenomena on the disaster site. Since then, I have accompanied him on various disaster surveys, and I have listened to his unique and significant opinions on tsunami studies at many conferences. The two special issues mentioned above reflect his broad range of knowledge and experience. On behalf of the JDR editorial board, I wish to thank Professor Harry Yeh for his efforts and to congratulate him as the winner of the second JDR Award. Tomoyuki Takahashi Professor, Faculty of Societal Safety Sciences, Kansai University, Japan
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Page, L. A. "Health complaints following an air disaster: a "second disaster"." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 63, no. 10 (June 6, 2006): 647–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.2006.028142.
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Vandekerckhove, Philippe, Michael J. Clarke, Emmy De Buck, Claire Allen, and Bonnix Kayabu. "Second Evidence Aid Conference: Prioritizing Evidence in Disaster Aid." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 7, no. 6 (December 2013): 593–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2013.109.
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AbstractThe Second Evidence Aid Conference took place in Brussels, Belgium, in October 2012, jointly organized by Evidence Aid and the Belgian Red Cross–Flanders. It provided an opportunity to build on the discussions from the 2011 First Evidence Aid Conference in Oxford, England, and prioritize the future work of Evidence Aid. Within the plenary presentations, discussions, and small work groups, the more than 80 international participants addressed issues regarding the need, use, and prioritization of evidence. Three parallel workshops focused on the prioritization of research, systematic reviews, and data to be collected during disasters, leading to a suggested prioritization framework and a commitment to identify key areas for evidence in disasters. Working with a wide variety of people and organizations from the disaster and humanitarian sectors, Evidence Aid will take this framework and develop a list of top priority questions in need of research and systematic reviews. Although Evidence Aid will not be able to address all of the research questions that will be identified in this process, it will collect them for sharing with relevant agencies. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;7:593-596)
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Shi, Yijun, Guofang Zhai, Shutian Zhou, Yuwen Lu, Wei Chen, and Hongbo Liu. "How Can Cities Adapt to a Multi-Disaster Environment? Empirical Research in Guangzhou (China)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11 (November 3, 2018): 2453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112453.
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Urban disaster risk assessment is the most basic and important part of urban safety development. Conducting disaster prevention and mitigation on the basis of urban disaster risk assessment requires an understanding of the relationship between the city and the natural environment. This enhances the city’s ability to withstand various types of disasters and achieves the development of a safe city. Based on a review of the existing literature, we propose a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method for urban multi-disaster risk assessment. The multi-disaster risk assessment method includes the identification and screening of urban disasters, the assessment of individual disaster risk, and integrated urban disaster risks, the division of urban comprehensive disaster risks into several risk levels, and the determination of coping strategies. Taking Guangzhou (China) as an example, we determined the major disaster risks faced by Guangzhou, assessed the risks of individual disasters, and finally obtained the results of the comprehensive disaster risk of Guangzhou. Second, we analyzed the relationship between the disaster risk assessment and urban safety development, and proposed countermeasures and recommendations for the development of different disaster risk levels.
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Yanghui, Li. "Discussion on Disaster Education and Prevention Strategies Based on SPSS Analysis - Taking disaster prevention research of Chengdu as an example." E3S Web of Conferences 292 (2021): 03033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129203033.
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Post-disaster prevention strategies and education affect and shape the future development pattern and behavior of disaster prevention and reduction. Chengdu has made great achievements in disaster prevention education after the Wenchuan earthquake. Data from several dimensions has been analyzed through SPSS to explore the reasons for its success. The first dimension is disaster prevention education, including disaster research, disaster educational institution bases and disaster prevention education halls, etc. The second one is legal strategies for disasters, including current disaster-related policies and regulations of Chengdu. The disaster education in Chengdu over the ten years has been reviewed based on the weighted processing of historical data by SPSS. Though achievements have been made, there is room for improvement in the cultivation of a legal cultural concept for disasters and the establishment of a disaster accountability mechanism. Therefore, this paper reviewed the past legal education experience of Chengdu and made targeted suggestions based on the discrete processing analysis of multiple factors of post-disaster education so as to provide more thoughts on future disaster prevention strategies and legal education for disasters.
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T. Le, Tam, Trang T.H. Thai, and Thao P. Do. "The Impact of Financial Preparation and Disaster Experience on Households’ Disaster Risk Perception: Empirical Evidence from Quang Binh Province, Vietnam." International Journal of Research and Review 8, no. 5 (June 2, 2021): 344–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20210544.
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This paper is aimed at analysing the impacts of financial preparation and disaster experience on households’ disaster risk perception, including perceptions of likelihood and severity in Quang Binh Province of Vietnam, one of the areas strongly affected by natural disasters and climate change. With the data from direct surveying 308 households in Quang Binh province, the research methodology includes Cronbach’s Alpha, EFA and OLS regression models. The key findings are: First, disaster experience has positive impact on natural disaster risk perception. Second, financial preparation has negative impact on natural disaster risk perception. Third, the risk of natural disasters in Quang Binh Province are increasing and unpredictable due to rapid economic growth and urbanization. This fact requires the Government, provincial commitees, and stakeholders to go beyond traditional coping methods, implement more customized policies and specific actions to try to reduce the risks of natural disasters. Keywords: disaster risk, disaster risk perception, financial preparation, disaster experience.
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Milsten, Andrew. "Hospital Responses to Acute-Onset Disasters: A Review." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 15, no. 1 (March 2000): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00024900.
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AbstractIntroduction:Hospitals the world over have been involved in disasters, both internal and external. These two types of disasters are independent, but not mutually exclusive. Internal disasters are isolated to the hospital and occur more frequently than do external disasters. External disasters affect the community as well as the hospital. This paper first focuses on common problems encountered during acute-onset disasters, with regards to hospital operations and caring for victims. Specific injury patterns commonly seen during natural disasters are reviewed. Second, lessons learned from these common problems and their application to hospital disaster plans are reviewed.Methods:An extensive review of the available literature was conducted using the computerized databases Medline and Healthstar from 1977 through March 1999. Articles were selected if they contained information pertaining to a hospital response to a disaster situation or data on specific disaster injury patterns. Selected articles were read, abstracted, analyzed, and compiled.Results:Hospitals continually have difficulties and failures in several major areas of operation during a disaster. Common problem areas identified include communication and power failures, water shortage and contamination, physical damage, hazardous material exposure, unorganized evacuations, and resource allocation shortages.Conclusions::Lessons learned from past disaster-related operational failures are compiled and reviewed. The importance and types of disaster planning are reviewed.
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da Silva Curiel, Alex, Alex Wicks, Max Meerman, Lee Boland, and Martin Sweeting. "Second generation disaster-monitoring microsatellite platform." Acta Astronautica 51, no. 1-9 (July 2002): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0094-5765(02)00100-5.
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Ruiz, Pedro. "Textbook of Disaster Psychiatry, Second Edition." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 206, no. 1 (January 2018): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nmd.0000000000000769.
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STODDARD, FREDERICK J. "Textbook of Disaster Psychiatry, Second Edition." Journal of Psychiatric Practice 25, no. 2 (March 2019): 173–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pra.0000000000000371.
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Yasui, Kiyotaka, Yuko Kimura, Kenji Kamiya, Rie Miyatani, Naohiro Tsuyama, Akira Sakai, Koji Yoshida, et al. "Academic Responses to Fukushima Disaster." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 29, no. 2_suppl (March 2017): 99S—109S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539516685400.
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Since radiation accidents, particularly nuclear disasters, are rarer than other types of disasters, a comprehensive radiation disaster medical curriculum for them is currently unavailable. The Fukushima compound disaster has urged the establishment of a new medical curriculum in preparation for any future complex disaster. The medical education will aim to aid decision making on various health risks for workers, vulnerable people, and residents addressing each phase in the disaster. Herein, we introduce 3 novel educational programs that have been initiated to provide students, professionals, and leaders with the knowledge of and skills to elude the social consequences of complex nuclear disasters. The first program concentrates on radiation disaster medicine for medical students at the Fukushima Medical University, together with a science, technology, and society module comprising various topics, such as public risk communication, psychosocial consequences of radiation anxiety, and decision making for radiation disaster. The second program is a Phoenix Leader PhD degree at the Hiroshima University, which aims to develop future leaders who can address the associated scientific, environmental, and social issues. The third program is a Joint Graduate School of Master’s degree in the Division of Disaster and Radiation Medical Sciences at the Nagasaki University and Fukushima Medical University.
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Sung, Gihwan, Yongsang Kim, and Sunwoong Yoo. "A Study on the Improvement of the Disaster Relief Donation System." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 21, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2021.21.3.61.
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This study discussed the need for restructuring the disaster relief fundraising system in South Korea. To that end, it examined the management system and characteristics of disaster relief donations. In addition, the study drew implications by comparing domestic and overseas disaster relief donation systems and analyzing important precedents related to disaster relief donations. The analysis revealed that the domestic disaster relief fundraising system is based on the classification of disasters into natural and social disasters, which the study contended is not suitable in the current scenario given the recent trend of large and complex disasters. Overseas disaster donation systems were not found to be based on such a dual classification. Moreover, it was confirmed that various forms of support were being provided to revitalize donations overseas. It may also be unconstitutional for donations to be based on such a classification because the system violates the basic spirit of the Constitution by limiting the right to freedom and pursuit of happiness of donors and charitable organizations participating in disaster relief funding. Historical changes in the donation law have changed the orientation from regulation to promotion of a donation system with a mature donation culture. In this context, the following proposals were made to improve the domestic disaster relief donation system. First, the study recommended the unification of the donation system for natural and social disasters in light of the occurrence of multiple disasters. Second, it advocated a transition away from the current system of monopolistic fund management in order to revitalize various disaster relief fundraising institutions.
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Matsuo, Minoru. "Thinking of Disasters." Journal of Disaster Research 1, no. 1 (August 1, 2006): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2006.p0006.
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What people desire most in life is freedom from anxiety, peace of mind in a trustworthy environment, and life in a spiritually rich environment. Among the basic prerequisites for peace of mind are safety and security. Threats to safety and security fall into two categories: 1) The first involves artificial, intentionally created events, typified by war. The element differentiating such events as war from disaster is the presence of intent – in this case, to kill or injure the enemy. In contrast, damage caused by unilateral violence such as terrorism – one-sided violence against innocent people having no intent to fight – is qualified as a disaster. 2) The second category involves disasters caused by natural factors and, in the case of artificially created events, an element lacking intent and unexpected from the viewpoint of the state-of-the-art, inadvertently involving good will. We are concerned here with the second rather than the first category. Typical of the first half of the second category are natural disasters. When I confronts natural disasters, I invariably encounter the cognition of a deeprooted principle, which is that Nature is beyond human elements. Despite the oft-stated saying that “Man shall impose mastery of Nature,” such a stance is far outside the envelope. Instead of such a stance, we should, if possible, make a plea to be loved by Nature, but surely this is a figment of human egoism. The best path for human beings to take is to do their utmost, seeking Nature’s understanding of our endeavors to be freed from the deadly penalties exacted by Nature. The above path limits the basic method and way of thinking against natural disasters to “disaster mitigation.” Disaster mitigation roughly falls into two approaches. The first involves the construction of new structures or the improvement of existing ones, i.e., physical defense against natural elements. The human inability to predict the future – and natural disasters – prevents us from preparing everything against the disaster with this method, viz., “God only knows.” What we can do is to prepare for potential disaster probabilistically, constructing structures that, at least temporarily, mitigate maximum disaster. The second approach involves preparation of an “observational disaster-mitigation system.” In other words, predicting potential disasters prior to their actual occurrence by applying observations and knowledge from past disasters in order to mitigate damages, or constructing and implementing a “disaster-mitigation system” using all possible measures including evacuation before actual events attack residential area. Regarding the occurrence of nonmalicious artificial events – the second category of threats to safety mentioned above – examples include the hazards caused by chemicals, food, and construction materials that are potentially lethal to those exposed to them. Man may not be perfect, being unable to in prepare completely against such suffering. It has occurred in the past and will surely occur in the future. For such disasters and their mitigation, we must clarify their effects from the viewpoint of human studies centering on law and ethics in addition to the technological viewpoint. In the case of marketing of new products and new technology, for example, it is natural that inspection from different angles should be made, and that doubled and tripled efforts be taken to avoid fatal damage such as loss of human life. Behind this, persons concerned must be aware that human beings – small existence compared to Nature – enter unknown world tremblingly. It is excellent to inaugurate the accumulation of knowledge on disasters from as wide a viewpoint as possible, not restricting action to natural disasters alone. I express congratulations from my heart and look forward to reading many contributions on advanced achievements that may lead to peace of mind for people potentially affected by disasters and their mitigation.
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Maly, Elizabeth, and Mariko Yamazaki. "Disaster Museums in Japan: Telling the Stories of Disasters Before and After 3.11." Journal of Disaster Research 16, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 146–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2021.p0146.
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Japan has an established tradition of museums commemorating its long history of disasters, which memorialize lives lost and convey the scientific mechanisms of natural hazards, disaster history, and people’s experiences during and after disasters. The first part of this paper provides an overview of seven modern disaster museums in Japan established before 3.11, starting from the museum of the 1923 Great Kanto Earthquake. These seven museums commemorate disasters of different types, time, and scales of damages. Considering their shared commonalities and individual characteristics, it describes the components and approaches of exhibits that these museums use to convey experiences and stories of disasters, passing on local knowledge toward future disaster risk reduction. The second part of the paper provides an overview of new museums and exhibit facilities established to commemorate the 3.11 Great East Japan Earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear disaster of March 11, 2011. The scale of the devastation of 3.11, as well as an explosion of interest and support for activities of memorialization, documentation, and exhibition, has resulted in a variety and decentralization of new museums and exhibit spaces throughout the area affected by the 3.11 disaster. Spanning various combinations and types of exhibit facilities, this paper concludes by considering emergent trends compared to pre-3.11 disaster museums and potential future developments.
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Rif’an, Achmad Andi, and Agatia Wenan Tyawati. "PENILAIAN RISIKO BENCANA KAWASAN PARIWISATA PANTAI SAYUNG, KABUPATEN DEMAK." Pringgitan 1, no. 02 (September 30, 2020): 135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47256/pringgitan.v1i02.36.
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Sayung Tourist Area is located in the coastal area of Sayung District. This area consists of 3 tourist attractions: Morosari Beach, Mangrove Forest, and Tomb of Sheikh Mudzakir. Since several years this tourist area has experienced two natural disasters, namely tidal flood and coastal abrasion. This research aims to identify disaster hazards; identify vulnerabilities; identify the capacity of the community to deal with disasters; carry out risk assessments of rob and coastal abrasion in the Sayung tourist area; and suggests the direction for tourism development based on disaster risks in the area. Disaster risks assessment is conducted through several stages: first is to carry out disaster threat analysis, second vulnerability analysis, third capacity analysis, then to assess the risks of the Sayung Beach area which in this study is called multi-risks because it consists of more than one disasters. The last step is to analyze the direction of the development of tourist attractions based on the disaster analysis that has been carried out. Based on the disaster risk assessment that has been conducted, which includes hazard assessment, vulnerability assessment, and community capacity assessment, there are several areas that have a high risk of disasters, but some are low risk. All of the tourist attractions on the Sayung coast are all at high risk of disaster. The direction for the development of the area is to carry out the adaptation and mitigation strategies against tidal flood and abrasion.
Keywords: Tourism Area; Beach; Disaster Risk, Sayung Beach
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Gao, Zhicheng, Rongjin Wan, Qian Ye, Weiguo Fan, Shihui Guo, Sergio Ulgiati, and Xiaobin Dong. "Typhoon Disaster Risk Assessment Based on Emergy Theory: A Case Study of Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province, China." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (May 21, 2020): 4212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104212.
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Typhoons and cyclones are the most impacting and destructive natural disasters in the world. To address the shortcomings of a previous typhoon disaster risk assessment (for example, human factors were involved in determining weights by importance, and this affected the experimental results), an emergy method, which converts energy flows of different properties into the same solar energy basis for a convenient comparison, was used to assess the risk of regional typhoon disasters. Typhoon disaster-related data from 2017 were used to develop an index system including resilience, potential strength, and sensitivity which was in turn applied to assess typhoon disaster risks in Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province, China. The results showed that the spatial distribution of the typhoon disaster risks in Zhuhai significantly differed, with the highest risk in Xiangzhou district, the second highest risk in Doumen district, and the lowest risk in Jinwan district. In addition, improving the level of regional resilience can effectively reduce risks from typhoon disasters. The application of the emergy method in a typhoon disaster risk assessment may provide some theoretical support for national and regional governmental strategies for disaster prevention and reduction.
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Heraldi, Hafiz Yusuf, Nabila Churin Aprilia, and Hasih Pratiwi. "Analisis Cluster Intensitas Kebencanaan di Indonesia Menggunakan Metode K-Means." Indonesian Journal of Applied Statistics 2, no. 2 (December 27, 2019): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/ijas.v2i2.34911.
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<p>Indonesia is one of the most prone countries to natural disasters in the world because of the climate, soil, hydrology, geology, and geomorphology. There are many different natural disasters, but the three most common natural disasters in Indonesia are flood, landslide, and tornado. This research aimed to cluster the provinces in Indonesia based on the flood, landslide, and tornado’s intensity in 2018. The results of clustering by K-Means method in this research divided the provinces in Indonesia into four clusters. The second cluster contained West Java, Central Java, and Bali, the third cluster contained DKI Jakarta, the fourth cluster contained DI Yogyakarta, and the first cluster contained the other 29 provinces. The result of this research hopefully can help the government in order to make decision and improve the natural disaster management system, such as preparedness, disaster response, and disaster recovery based on the most common disaster in each province. Furthermore, the society is expected to be more aware on natural disaster management based on the most common natural disaster in province that they lived.</p><p><strong>Keywords : </strong>natural disaster, cluster, k-means</p>
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Gable, Brad D., Asit Misra, Devin M. Doos, Patrick G. Hughes, Lisa M. Clayton, and Rami A. Ahmed. "Disaster Day: A Simulation-Based Disaster Medicine Curriculum for Novice Learners." Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development 8 (January 2021): 238212052110207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23821205211020751.
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Background: Mass casualty and multi-victim incidents have increased in recent years due to a number of factors including natural disasters and terrorism. The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) recommends that medical students be trained in disaster preparedness and response. However, a majority of United States medical students are not provided such education. Objective: The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a 1 day, immersive, simulation-based Disaster Day curriculum. Settings and Design: Learners were first and second year medical students from a single institution. Materials and Methods: Our education provided learners with information on disaster management, allowed for application of this knowledge with hands-on skill stations, and culminated in near full-scale simulation where learners could evaluate the knowledge and skills they had acquired. Statistical analysis used: To study the effectiveness of our Disaster Day curriculum, we conducted a single-group pretest-posttest and paired analysis of self-reported confidence data. Results: A total of 40 first and second year medical students participated in Disaster Day as learners. Learners strongly agreed that this course provided new information or provided clarity on previous training, and they intended to use what they learned, 97.6% and 88.4%, respectively. Conclusions: Medical students’ self-reported confidence of key disaster management concepts including victim triage, tourniquet application, and incident command improved after a simulation-based disaster curriculum. This Disaster Day curriculum provides students the ability to apply concepts learned in the classroom and better understand the real-life difficulties experienced in a resource limited environment.
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Lin, Yolanda C., Feroz Khan, Susanna F. Jenkins, and David Lallemant. "Filling the Disaster Data Gap: Lessons from Cataloging Singapore’s Past Disasters." International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 12, no. 2 (February 3, 2021): 188–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13753-021-00331-z.
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AbstractInternational disaster databases and catalogs provide a baseline for researchers, governments, communities, and organizations to understand the risk of a particular place, analyze broader trends in disaster risk, and justify investments in mitigation. Perhaps because Singapore is routinely identified as one of the safest countries in the world, Singapore’s past disasters have not been studied extensively with few events captured in major global databases such as EM-DAT. In this article, we fill the disaster data gap for postwar Singapore (1950–2020) using specified metrics through an archival search, review of literature, and analysis of secondary sources. We present four key lessons from cataloging these events. First, we expand Singapore’s disaster catalog to 39 events in this time period and quantify the extent of this data gap. Second, we identify the mitigating actions that have followed past events that contribute to Singapore’s present-day safety. Third, we discuss how these past events uncover continuities among vulnerability bearers in Singapore. Last, we identify limitations of a disaster catalog when considering future risks. In expanding the disaster catalog, this case study of Singapore supports the need for comprehensive understanding of past disasters in order to examine current and future disaster resilience.
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D’Alonzo, Gilbert E. "Making Disaster Medicine Every Physician's Second Specialty." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 4, no. 2 (June 2010): 108–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/dmphp.4.2.108.
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Dupont, Robert L. "Après le Deluge: The Second Katrina Disaster." Journal of Urban History 46, no. 2 (September 15, 2019): 461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144219871543.
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Ono, Yuichi, Anawat Suppasri, Elizabeth Maly, and Daisuke Sasaki. "Special Issue on the Second World Bosai Forum." Journal of Disaster Research 15, no. 7 (December 1, 2020): 821. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2020.p0821.
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The World Bosai Forum/International Disaster Risk Conference@Sendai 2019 (WBF2019) held in November 2019 in Sendai City, Japan, was successful in bringing together actors from multiple sectors to advance the goals of disaster risk reduction (DRR). We would like to take this opportunity to express our heartfelt gratitude to all those who participated in the sessions, exhibitions, poster sessions, and mini-presentations, as well as to the many local people who came to the event. According to the World Bosai Forum [1], 871 participants from 38 countries attended the WBF2019 which included 50 oral sessions, 3 keynote speeches, 47 poster sessions, 33 mini-presentations, and 14 exhibition booths, which contributed to deepening the discussion and promotion of the “Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, 2015–2030” (SFDRR) and in particular progress towards the achievement of Global Target E, to substantially increase the number of countries with national and local disaster risk reduction strategies by 2020. Including lessons learned from the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, local knowledge and solutions towards advancing BOSAI were actively shared and discussed among the participants who joined this global forum, from various organizations and sectors. In particular, there were many sessions in which young people and private companies played a key role. The guest editors are pleased to publish this special issue of the Journal of Disaster Research, which is comprised of 13 articles sharing the research advancements presented at the WBF2019. We hope that this special issue on the WBF2019 will contribute to the literature on disaster science and further advances in disaster risk reduction.
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Yan, Jian Long, Jun Wang, Shi Jie Song, and Zhi Hai Zhao. "Zoning Evaluation of Geological Hazard in YuLin Coal Mining Area." Advanced Materials Research 599 (November 2012): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.599.245.
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As an important exporter of coal resources in China, Yulin has made great contribution to the repaid development of the national economy. But, the geological disaster item caused by large-scale exploitation of coal resources is becoming more and more serious. On the basis of county geological disaster investigation data in Yulin, the research analyzes and summarizes the type, scope, damage degree of the geological disaster in the whole city, especially coal area qualitatively and quantitatively. The article makes clear the spatial distribution of geological disasters in Yulin and it hope that the work can provide scientific guidance to geological disaster prevention in the future. By the research, we get several results as follow: first, There are 905 geological disasters points in Yulin and the mainly the types of all are Collapse, Landslide, Debris Flow, Unstable Slopes, and Ground Subsidence; Second, Collapse and Landslide are the major geological disasters type, and Ground Subsidence is the most serious hazard type in Yulin although its number is small. Third, according to the result above, the city has been divided into different geological disaster-prone areas with MAPGIS, and there are 11 high geological disaster-prone areas, 12 middle, 8 low and 3 undeveloped areas.
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Dellmuth, Lisa M., Frida A. M. Bender, Aiden R. Jönsson, Elisabeth L. Rosvold, and Nina von Uexkull. "Humanitarian need drives multilateral disaster aid." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 4 (January 21, 2021): e2018293118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2018293118.
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As the climate changes, human livelihoods will increasingly be threatened by extreme weather events. To provide adequate disaster relief, states extensively rely on multilateral institutions, in particular the United Nations (UN). However, the determinants of this multilateral disaster aid channeled through the UN are poorly understood. To fill this gap, we examine the determinants of UN disaster aid using a dataset on UN aid covering almost 2,000 climate-related disasters occurring between 2006 and 2017. We make two principal contributions. First, we add to research on disaster impacts by linking existing disaster data from the Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT) to a meteorological reanalysis. We generate a uniquely global hazard severity measure that is comparable across different climate-related disaster types, and assess and bolster measurement validity of EM-DAT climate-related disasters. Second, by combining these data with social data on aid and its correlates, we contribute to the literature on aid disbursements. We show that UN disaster aid is primarily shaped by humanitarian considerations, rather than by strategic donor interests. These results are supported by a series of regression and out-of-sample prediction analyses and appear consistent with the view that multilateral institutions are able to shield aid allocation decisions from particular state interests to ensure that aid is motivated by need.
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Hamid, Rahmad Solling, Salju Salju, Suharnita Suharnita, Pelandira Pelandira, Nur Fadillah, Naina Lusi, and Dwi Rahmatya Ruddin. "KKN KEBENCANAAN: DESA TANGGUH BENCANA SEBAGAI UPAYA PEMULIHAN EKONOMI DAN KONDISI SOSIAL PASCA BANJIR BANDANG." Martabe : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 4, no. 1 (March 26, 2021): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.31604/jpm.v4i1.306-312.
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The flash flood disaster in Maipi, Masamba, North Luwu Regency occurred on July 13, 2020, has caused various problems. The community's unpreparedness in dealing with flash floods disasters creates psychological stress (traumatic) as well as social and economic impacts. This community service aimed to assist the community in increasing their knowledge, abilities, and independence in facing and overcoming disaster problems after flash floods. The method used is by conducting disaster mitigation training and agricultural extension agents. The benchmarks for the success of this activity are, first, increasing knowledge about disasters and ways of dealing with them in community groups. Second, the increased capacity of community groups regarding the optimization of land damaged by flash floods as a forum for the community to produce vegetables with economic value.
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Xu, Hui, Yang Li, Yongtao Tan, and Ninghui Deng. "A Scientometric Review of Urban Disaster Resilience Research." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7 (April 1, 2021): 3677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073677.
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Natural disasters and human-made disasters are threatening urban areas globally. The resilience capacity of the urban system plays an important role in disaster risk response and recovery. Strengthening urban disaster resilience is also fundamental to ensuring sustainable development. Various practices and research for enhancing urban disaster resilience have been carried out worldwide but are yet to be reviewed. Accordingly, this paper gives a scientometric review of urban disaster resilience research by using CiteSpace. The time span (January 2001–January 2021) was selected and divided into three phases based on the number of publications. In addition, according to keyword statistics and clustering results, the collected articles are grouped into four hotspot topics: disaster risk reduction, specific disaster resilience research, resilience assessment, and combination research. The results show that most of the existing research is in the first two categories, and articles in the second and fourth categories both show a high growth rate and could be further research directions. The review indicates that urban disaster resilience is essential for a city’s sustainable development. Moreover, the findings provide scholars a full picture of the existing urban disaster resilience research which can help them identify promising research directions. The findings can also help urban government officials and policymakers review current urban disaster management strategies and make further improvements.
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Ralte, H., N. Roy, K. Chatterjee, and V. More. "(A123) Developing World Disaster Health Research - Present Evidence and Future Priorities." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11001245.
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Developing world disaster Health research - Present Evidence & future prioritiesIntroductionConsidering that 85% of disasters and 95% of disaster-related deaths occur in the developing world, the overwhelming number of casualties has contributed insignificantly to the world's peer-reviewed literature. The existing & available evidence on disasters in peer-reviewed journals about the developing world, was examined for quality and quantity in this systematic review.MethodsThe free PubMed database was searched using the MeSH (Medical Subject Heading) terms ‘disasters’, ‘disaster medicine, ‘rescue work’, ‘relief work’ and ‘conflict’ and then refined using the MeSH terms ‘developing country’. The final list of selected manuscripts were analyzed by type of article, level of evidence, theme of the manuscript and topic, author affiliation & region of the study.ResultsCitations using MeSH search terms ‘disasters’, ‘disaster medicine, ‘rescue work’, ‘relief work’ & ‘conflict’ yielded 63,196 results. After these results were refined using the second MeSH term “developing country”, 438 articles were retained. Less than 1% (0.69%) citations in PubMed dealt with developing country disasters. Half of the manuscripts (46.5%) were found to be original research articles (36.1%) or reviews (10.4%), while more than a quarter (29.5%) were commentaries. 97.4% (149/153) of all ‘original research articles’ were Level IV or V evidence. A fifth (20.3%) of the authors of all manuscripts on developing world disasters were from the developing world (82/404); Predominant themes (29.1%) were missions, healthcare provision and humanitarian aid during the acute phase of developing world disasters.ConclusionLess than 1% of all disaster-related publications are about developing world disasters. Also, the developed world, authors four-fifths of the articles about developing world disasters, and contributes the predominant perspective. Aid for sustaining long-term disaster research may be a more useful investment in mitigating future disasters, than short-term humanitarian aid missions to the developing world.
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Imperiale, Angelo Jonas, and Frank Vanclay. "Barriers to Enhancing Disaster Risk Reduction and Community Resilience: Evidence from the L’Aquila Disaster." Politics and Governance 8, no. 4 (December 10, 2020): 232–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v8i4.3179.
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Building sustainable and resilient societies is a multidimensional challenge that affects achievement of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. In crises and disasters, civil protection authorities typically use emergency powers and a command-and-control approach to manage resources and to design and implement disaster management interventions. They centralise knowledge, technologies and responsibilities for prevention, mitigation and monitoring, while stifling the capacities of local communities to reduce disaster risks and impacts. The mechanism they enact leads to a poor understanding of the capacities of local people to learn and transform, and of how community wellbeing, vulnerabilities, and resilience influence disaster risks. The mechanism does not strengthen the role of local communities in disaster risk reduction. Instead, it facilitates disaster capitalism at all levels of society. Drawing on the disaster risk reduction and resilience paradigm and on our analysis of the disaster management interventions conducted before and after the 6 April 2009 earthquake in L’Aquila, Italy, we discuss the main constraints to implementing the four Priority Areas in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction: (1) Understanding risk in its multiple dimensions; (2) strengthening disaster risk governance; (3) investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience; and (4) enhancing preparedness and build back better in response, recovery and reconstruction. We discuss how top-down, emergency-centred civil protection approaches create second disasters, and fail in all four priorities. We suggest that shifts in paradigm and investment are required in disaster management and development practice from centralised civil protection systems to decentralised, socially sustainable community empowerment systems.
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Schäfer, Dagmar, Shih-pei Chen, and Qun Che. "What is Local Knowledge? Digital Humanities and Yuan Dynasty Disasters in Imperial China's Local Gazetteers." Journal of Chinese History 4, no. 2 (July 2020): 391–429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jch.2020.31.
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AbstractThis paper focuses on the historical politics of disaster records in Chinese local gazetteers (difangzhi 地方志). Using records of mulberry crop failures as examples, the authors ask how gazetteer editors collated Yuan disaster records—initially collected to help prevent disasters and authorize the legitimacy of dynastic rule—in gazetteers and, in so doing, made them into ‘local’ knowledge. Digital humanities methods allow for both qualitative and quantitative analyses, and the authors deploy them to demonstrate how, in structured texts like the Chinese local gazetteers, they could help combine close reading of specific sections and larger-scale analysis of regional patterns. In the first part, the authors show how disasters were recorded in a Yuan Zhenjiang gazetteer to facilitate taxation and disaster prevention locally—a strategy rarely traceable in subsequent gazetteers until the Qing. In the second part, the authors shifted their perspective to the historical accumulation of data and what that reveals about the reception of Yuan disasters: whereas local gazetteers from the north generate long chronologies of mulberry disasters from the Ming to the Qing, others depict the south as disaster-free.
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Arimoto, Hideki, Shinsuke Furuya, Kimiko Yamashita, Kazuharu Tanaka, Tomoko Maruyama, Muneyuki Takeuchi, Kazuko Wada, et al. "Disaster Medical Management of Pediatric and Perinatal Disaster Medical Liaison (PPDML) for Children and Pregnant Women in Osaka, Japan." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s121—s122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19002619.
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Introduction:Children are a vulnerable population in disasters. However, there were few pediatricians, neonatologists, and obstetricians in the Japan Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT), so disaster medical headquarters had limited knowledge to solve these problems. Pediatric and perinatal disaster liaison coordinators were trained to improve disaster medical management for children and pregnant women since the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake.Aim:To analyze and report the activity of PPDML during these years in Osaka, Japan.Methods:The records of PPDML in major disasters and disaster drills from 2017 to 2018 were reviewed.Results:The DMAT had disaster drills twice a year in Osaka, and PPDML participated in the drill for the first time in July 2017. In the drill, PPDML coordinated the pediatric and perinatal issues with DMAT and Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF) in disaster headquarters. In June 20184. months after the drill, PPDML participated for the second time in February 2018 when the North Osaka Earthquake occurred. PPDML coordinated transport of 22 children and babies with congenital heart disease from the damaged National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Hospital. The operation was finished within 5 hours after requested transportation.Discussion:To protect children and pregnant women, cooperation between the disaster medical network and the pediatric and perinatal network is absolutely important for any phase in disaster. Because PPDML had attended in disaster drills before, the experience could make PPDML achieve good performance in a real disaster in North Osaka Earthquake. It can be concluded that cooperation between disaster medical network and PPDML is very useful to manage the disaster issues for children and pregnant women, and the most important thing is to cooperate not only in disaster but also in ordinary days.
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Toida, Chiaki, Takashi Muguruma, and Keiji Hashimoto. "Hospitals’ Preparedness to Treat Pediatric Patients During Mass Casualty Incidents." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 13, no. 03 (October 2, 2018): 429–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2018.98.
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ABSTRACTObjectivesLittle is known about the preparedness of hospitals to care for pediatric patients during a major incident in Japan. This study assessed the disaster preparedness of a children’s hospital in Japan by using a disaster drill.Materials and MethodsWe performed a triage drill with all hospitalized patients. The triage tags and medical records were reviewed retrospectively. We determined the efficacy of triage education, the validity of the Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) method for children, and the potential need for evacuation through the disaster drill.ResultsThis study highlights 3 important issues about the hospital’s preparedness. First, it is difficult to promote disaster education for staff who are not well trained on handling disasters. Second, the START method is suitable for children older than 5 years, but it has a high rate of over-triaging among younger children. Third, approximately 40% of patients who are coded as immediate may require transportation resources in a hospital evacuation.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that disaster preparedness, such as educating hospital staff regarding disasters and establishing evacuation systems for a number of pediatric patients when a disaster happens, is essential for caring for hospitalized children during a mass casualty incident. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:429-432)
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Sawalha, Ihab Hanna. "In search of the causes of disasters." International Journal of Emergency Services 7, no. 2 (August 6, 2018): 86–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijes-08-2017-0046.
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Purpose The term “causes” of disasters is used interchangeably very often with other terms, such as “types” of disasters. Also, causes of disasters are usually explained in the literature in an individualistic fashion relating every single disaster with its own causes only. This limits the ability to identify the real causes of disasters. Second, it reduces the ability to create any kind of grouping for the causes of disasters. The purpose of this paper is to identify and discuss causes of disasters in a more categorical manner. Design/methodology/approach An extensive review of the existing literature has been made in order to identify, introduce and discuss theories related to the causes of disasters. Overall, the approach taken is based on theoretical reasoning informed by the literature. Findings Disasters, even those which seem to be composite and complex, are not mysterious incidents that cannot be explained or analyzed. Literally, almost all disasters can be diagnosed and the causes of disasters can be identified in a systematic and reasonable manner. Practical implications This study provides a better conceptualization and understanding of the causes of disasters. It is believed that this study will improve the decision-making process accompanied with the disaster risk reduction processes by understanding the exact causes of disasters. The study also clarifies the differences between the causes, sources and types of disasters which is extremely significant in disaster lifecycle modeling. Originality/value To the author’s knowledge, very few attempts have been made in the literature to capture causes of disasters in a categorical and systematic manner. Almost all disaster occurrences have been discussed in the literature in an individualistic fashion relating every single disaster with its own causes only.
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Ray-Bennett, Nibedita S., and Hideyuki Shiroshita. "Disasters, deaths and the Sendai Framework’s target one." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 28, no. 6 (November 4, 2019): 764–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-09-2019-0302.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to theoretically propose a complex perspective as the third way to understand disasters which is used to describe the Hiroshima landslide disaster 2014 in Japan. In the first half of the paper the complex perspective is explained in detail with comparison to two conventional perspectives on disasters, i.e. hazard approach and vulnerability approach. According to the complex perspective, deaths in disasters are avoidable. In the second half of the paper, Hiroshima landslide disaster is analyzed in line with the complex perspective. Also, how will Hiroshima not repeat such landslide disaster is suggested. Design/methodology/approach To develop the case study for Hiroshima, a desk-based literature review, a field site visit and five key informant interviews were conducted by the authors in 2016. The authors’ initial analysis based on newspaper reports indicated a failure in the early warning system, evacuation and severity of the hazard. Based on this, the broader literature on traditional perspectives on risk, vulnerability and complexity were mined to understand and theorize the failure in Hiroshima. Then the interviews were conducted in the city of Hiroshima to analyze the disaster from complex perspective. Findings The authors demonstrated that the Hiroshima Landslide disaster 2014 and its deaths could be explained by complex perspective. Complex perspective brings us the following suggestions not to repeat landslide disaster in Hiroshima. Political leaders at national and local levels must take up responsibilities to set a “goal” for the disaster management system to “reduce deaths.” Also, governmental and non-governmental organizations should make efforts to engage proactively with community through disaster education or through community awareness program to shift the mind set from hito-goto to jibun-no-koto (their story to our story). Originality/value Reducing deaths by disasters is essential for the world thus it is UN’s Sendai Goal One. As most contemporary sciences are based on reductionism, disasters have been described as a combination of the related components such as hazards, vulnerability. Although the great contributions from the reductionism to disaster studies, it has been said that integrated disaster management is needed since the reductionism usually give the partially optimized solution to disaster reduction. This study proposes complex approach to find comparatively total optimized solution to disaster reduction, in particular reducing deaths. Although it is based on merely one case study, this paper describes the possibility of different way to reduce deaths by disasters.
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Safar, Peter. "Disaster Resuscitology: Report on the Second World Congress on Emergency and Disaster Medicine." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, S1 (1985): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00044307.
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The Second World Congress on Emergency and Disaster Medicine was held on May 31–June 3,1981, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, under the auspices of the “Club of Mainz for Emergency and Disaster Medicine Worldwide.” The First World Congress organized by the Club of Mainz was held in Mainz, West Germany on September 30–October 3, 1977 (Chairman, Rudolf Frey), and the Third World Congress will be held in Rome, Italy on May 23–27, 1983 (Chairman, Corrado Manni). It is appropriate to report here on the World Congress in Pittsburgh, since the first four issues of this new Journal consist of edited papers and abstracts presented at that Congress.
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Simm, Gabrielle. "Disaster Militarism? Military Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief." Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law Online 22, no. 1 (October 7, 2019): 347–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757413_022001014.
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Military assets, which include personnel, make an important contribution to disaster relief. However, military deployments can be politically sensitive, and the relevant international law is contested and not binding. This article compares two sets of UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UN OCHA) Guidelines on this issue. The 2007 Oslo Guidelines1 state that military assets should be used in disaster relief only as a last resort, while the 2014 Asia-Pacific Regional Guidelines2 acknowledge that military assets are often the first to respond to disasters in the region. Drawing on examples primarily from Asia, this article explores the apparent conflict between these two UN Guidelines and asks two questions about the deployment of foreign military assets in disaster relief. First, to what extent does international law authorize or limit the deployment of foreign military assets in disaster relief? Second, what are the politics of deploying military assets in disaster relief? This article argues that, rather than representing a global standard, the Oslo Guidelines better reflect European practice within Europe, while the Asia-Pacific Regional Guidelines are more representative of practice worldwide. It concludes that the type of military aid provided is key to its compliance with international law and its political acceptance.
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Nakayama, S., S. Kozawa, and T. Ukai. "(A114) Disaster Medical Services System in Hyogo Prefecture from the Lessons of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11001166.
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PurposeTo examine how did Hyogo prefecture renovate disaster medical services system from the lessons of the Great Hanshin -Awaji Earthquake.MethodCountermeasures after the experience of the Earthquake were 1. Establishment of disaster-related medical information network which was introduced to each of various institutions to collect and disseminate medical information at the time of disaster. 2. Designation of sixteen hospitals as Disaster Medical Centers, which were expected to play leading role in disaster management,and to receive many patients at a time of disasters. 3. Construction of Hyogo Emergency Medical Center which was designated as a main Disaster Medical Center to train medical staffs, to operate the Emergency Medical Information Control Center.ResultsWe have several training courses for medical staffs. The most important training course is the DMAT (Disaster Medical Assistant Team)training course. DMAT trainigs held at two main Disaster Medical Centers, east National Disaster Medical Center, west Hyogo Emergency Medical Center. More than three hundreds teams have been cultivated now. We experienced five disasters in Hyogo prefecture in these seven years. 2 were natural disasters by the typhoon. 3 were a collision of the ship, the collision of the truck, train derailments each. A big JR train accident occurred in Amagasaki city of Hyogo on April 25,2005. Hyogo Emergency Medical Center worked as the emergency information control center, dispatched doctor attended ambulance, performed on-site triage and first aid, dispatched second team by helicopter, received four severe cases by helicopters, dispatched third team in the evening and provided confined space medicine, and took initiative of surveillance study of the casualties.ConclusionDisaster medical services system from the lessons of the Earthqukake functioned at the time of the JR Train accident.
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Chen, Ning, Yingchao Ma, Chaosheng Tang, An Chen, and Xiaohui Yao. "Risk assessment and comparison of regional natural disasters in China using clustering." Intelligent Decision Technologies 14, no. 3 (September 29, 2020): 349–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/idt-190086.
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Natural disaster that contributes to the economic crisis all over the world has a crucial role in emergency management. The assessment of regional risk to natural disasters is normally studied as a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem in the literature. However little effort was devoted into the comparison of temporary disaster risk of regions. In this paper, a hybrid approach is proposed integrating MCDM and clustering for evaluating and comparing the regional risk to natural disasters. Our two-stage method is applied to thirty-one Chinese regions over the past two consecutive years. In the first stage MCDM is used to prioritize the regions yearly yielding a set of risk vectors over the given period. In the second stage, K-means clustering is applied to divide the regions into a number of clusters characterized by different risk variation patterns. The derived patterns reveal the variation of regions in perspective of natural disaster risk and therefore offer valuable suggestions for disaster risk reduction.
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Rumahuru, Yance Zadrak, and Agusthina Ch Kakiay. "Rethinking Disaster Theology: Combining Protestant Theology with Local Knowledge and Modern Science in Disaster Response." Open Theology 6, no. 1 (November 18, 2020): 623–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opth-2020-0136.
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AbstractThe interpretation of disaster through a religious lens has produced diverse theological perspectives regarding disaster. This article seeks to analyze the theology of disaster from a Protestant perspective, which may be combined with local knowledge and modern science to create disaster response strategies. This study is based on field studies and related literature analysis with qualitative method using an ethno science approach to see disaster phenomena in the context of Indonesian society, using primary data and secondary data. This study finds out that within Christian theology and among its followers disasters can be seen as the means through which God glorifies His creation while punishing those who have sinned and abandoned His teachings. It concludes, first, that God – the Creator – shows His love and mercy even through disaster. In the Protestant perspective, God seeks to honor His creation by mercifully creating balance. Second, disaster, as part of a natural cycle, should also be understood through local knowledge and modern science; as such, a holistic approach is necessary to understand and respond to disaster.
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Nugroho Putro, Herry Poda, Eva Alviawati, and Syarifuddin Syarifuddin. "RISK REDUCTION IN SCHOOLS IN DISASTER-PRIED AREAS IN WETLAND ENVIRONMENT BANJAR DISTRICT." Jurnal Socius 10, no. 1 (April 15, 2021): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jurnalsocius.v10i1.10454.
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The research location is in Middle School Sungai Tabuk 3 and Sungai Tabuk 4. Sungai Tabuk is a sub-district in Banjar Regency with a high threat level of floods and forest and land fires. Data collection through questionnaires, observation, and tests competence students. Data analysis with t test. The results showed 140 social studies teachers in Banjar Regency 56.6% had integrated natural disasters in social studies learning, the model developed was modified scientific inquiry learning frompre-disaster, disaster events, and post-disaster. There is an increase in student competence regarding disaster risk reduction, where t (count)> t (table) on trials first at SMPN 4 with trials second at SMPN 3. These findings lead to the conclusion that learning scientific with effective inquiry for student disaster risk reduction, relevant for social studies learning, relevant to increasing student activity, an effective inquiry model for improving the quality of social studies learning processes and products in junior high schools. The findings of this study have positive implications for the development of social studies learning about natural disasters in junior high schools. The practical implications of the findings of this study are an increase in the ability of social studies teachers and the socialization of inquiry models for reductionrisk disaster in Junior High School
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Ranse, Jamie, Alison Hutton, Basseer Jeeawody, and Rhonda Wilson. "What Are the Research Needs for the Field of Disaster Nursing? An International Delphi Study." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 29, no. 5 (August 27, 2014): 448–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x14000946.
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AbstractBackgroundInternationally there is an increasing amount of peer-reviewed literature pertaining to disaster nursing. The literature includes personal anecdotes, reflections, and accounts of single case studies. Furthermore, issues such as the willingness of nurses to assist in disasters, the role of nurses in disasters, leadership, competencies, and educational preparedness for nurses have been the focus of the literature.AimThe aim of this research was to determine the international research priorities for disaster nursing.MethodThis research used a three-round Delphi technique. The first round used a face-to-face workshop to generate research statements with nursing members of the World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine (WADEM). The second and third rounds included the ranking of statements on a 5-point Likert scale with nursing members of WADEM and the World Society of Disaster Nursing (WSDN). Statements that achieved a mean of four or greater were considered a priority and progressed.ResultsParticipants were from multiple countries. Research statements were generated in the areas of: education, training, and curriculum; psychosocial; strategy, relationship, and networking; and clinical practice. Psychosocial aspects of disaster nursing ranked the highest, with five statements appearing in the top ten research areas, followed by statements relating to: education, training, and curriculum; clinical practice; and finally, strategy, relationship, and networking.ConclusionsFuture disaster nursing research should focus on the area of psychosocial aspects of disaster nursing, in particular, both the psychosocial needs of a disaster-affected community and the psychosocial wellbeing of nurses who assist in disaster health activities.RanseJ,HuttonA,JeeawodyB,WilsonR.What are the research needs for the field of disaster nursing? An international Delphi study.Prehosp Disaster Med.2014;29(5):1-7.
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Imamura, Fumihiko. "Mini Special Issue on Establishment of Interdisciplinary Research Cluster of Disaster Science." Journal of Disaster Research 14, no. 9 (December 1, 2019): 1317. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2019.p1317.
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Since the start of the 21st century, major disasters, such as the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami and the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, have caused tremendous damage. The scope of the impact has spread across borders because global chains and the like have diversified. Consequently, disaster prevention and mitigation for reduction is now an important issue in the international community. To advance disaster reduction, it has been necessary to combine the humanities and social sciences with medical science and natural sciences as well, and Tohoku University has become the base of disaster prevention. What activities have begun, and for what purpose? I would like to find out and deepen my interest through this mini special feature. The first part gives the background and objectives of the world’s top research cluster for disaster science. The second part presents survival study, or how to protect oneself from disasters such as tsunamis. Survival study is highly unique to this cluster. Reclassifying is proposed to compile the causes of death indicated by autopsy and systematizing deaths in the event of a disaster. Next, efforts in the humanities and social sciences to preserve the folk performing arts left in the community are presented. It has been pointed out that once local communities and connections are lost in disasters and its recovery faces more difficulty.
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Simmons, MD, Geoffrey. "The deadly second wave that follows every disaster." Journal of Emergency Management 7, no. 5 (September 1, 2009): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2009.0016.
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Diana, Willis, Yunita Furi Aristyasari, Restu Faizah, and Edi Hartono. "Peningkatan Kesiapsiagaan Anggota Nasyiatul Aisyiyah (NA) Cabang Ngawen Klaten Terhadap Bencana." ABDIMAS: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 3, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35568/abdimas.v3i2.422.
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Increasing the skills and abilities of individuals, families and communities in the face of disasters need to be carried out continuously, because of the high potential for threats and the increasing number of people exposed to disaster risk. Women have a strategic role in disaster management and are very effective in transferring their knowledge to the next generation. In this community service activity, the Nasyiatul Aisyiyah branch of Ngawen, Klaten, Central Java, chosen as a partner. The purpose of this activity is to improve women's preparedness capacity and to reduce people's exposure to disasters. The activities are not only in terms of physical preparedness but also spiritual preparedness. This community service activity consist of three stage, which are,the first stage is preliminary survey to assess the knowledge of participants on disaster preparedness, the second stage is giving disaster preparedness education with facilitators guidance, providing disaster preparedness pocket books, and discussions, and the final stage was an assessment of disaster preparedness after participants are given education/training. The assessment was done using a questionnaire. The result of the prelimanary survey show that the participant are at the level of moderate preparedness. The disaster preparedness education increasing all the disaster preparedness parameters index. The knowledge parameter index increased by 5%, the family preparedness plan parameter index increased by 15%, the parameter index of disaster warning knowledge increased by 6%, the resource mobilization parameter index increased by 10%. The socialization or simulation is needed about the importance of evacuation, relief and rescue, and campaign about the disaster is also needed through various media that are in accordance with the conditions of the community.
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Beard, Donald. "Organization in Australia—A Vast Continent with a Low Incidence of Disasters." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, S1 (1985): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00045052.
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At the Second World Congress on Emergency and Disaster Medicine there were many presentations of drama and disaster from all over the world. This article is unusual in that no major disasters are discussed.Australia is a huge island continent with many of its cities separated by over 3000 kilometres. The dense settlement is in the southeast, but the greatest disaster potential is in the sparsely populated northwest.This country is fortunate to have been spared from calamities during the documented history of the 200 years of European settlement. Previous Aboriginal history is sketchy, due to the absence of a written language. A history of the disasters includes earthquakes, cyclone, floods and bushfires. There are no volcanoes in Australia. Earthquake fault lines do exist, but there have been no incidents accompanied by great loss of life and property. Cyclones are frequent, but they usually wear themselves out on sparsely populated northern coastlines.
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Ruzek, Josef I., Robyn D. Walser, Amy E. Naugle, Brett Litz, Douglas S. Mennin, Melissa A. Polusny, Dianna M. Ronell, Kenneth J. Ruggiero, Rachel Yehuda, and Joseph R. Scotti. "Cognitive-Behavioral Psychology: Implications for Disaster and Terrorism Response." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 23, no. 5 (October 2008): 397–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00006130.
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AbstractGiven the personal and societal costs associated with acute impairment and enduring post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the mental health response to disasters is an integral component of disaster response planning. The purpose of this paper is to explore the compatibility between cognitive-behavioral psychology and the disaster mental health model, and explicate how cognitivebehavioral perspectives and intervention methods can enhance the effectiveness of disaster mental health services. It is argued that cognitive-behavioral methods, if matched to the contexts of the disaster and the needs of individuals, will improve efforts to prevent the development of PTSD and other trauma-related problems in survivors of disaster or terrorist events. First, the similarities between models of care underlying both disaster mental health services and cognitive-behavioral therapies are described. Second, examples of prior cognitive-behavioral therapy-informed work with persons exposed to disaster and terrorism are provided, potential cognitive-behavioral therapy applications to disaster and terrorism are explored, and implications of cognitive-behavioral therapy for common challenges in disaster mental health is discussed. Finally, steps that can be taken to integrate cognitive-behavioral therapy into disaster mental health are outlined. The aim is to prompt disaster mental health agencies and workers to consider using cognitive-behavioral therapy to improve services and training, and to motivate cognitive-behavioral researchers and practitioners to develop and support disaster mental health response.
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Pereira Covarrubias, Andrés, and Emmanuel Raju. "The Politics of Disaster Risk Governance and Neo-Extractivism in Latin America." Politics and Governance 8, no. 4 (December 10, 2020): 220–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v8i4.3147.
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Latin America is one of the regions facing many disasters with some of the worse impacts. The current governance model has not proven successful in disaster risk reduction. This article aims to theoretically analyse the relationship between ideal regional disaster risk governance (DRG) and the actual production of disaster risk in Latin America. From the so-called ‘vulnerability paradigm’ and a regional standpoint, this analysis contributes to the debate with a specific focus on ‘neo-extractivism.’ Pointing mainly to sociopolitical processes triggered as of the early 2000s in Latin America, ‘neo-extractivism’ relates to a regional ecological-political pattern of intensive natural resource exploitation. The first part of this article presents a regional overview of DRG and its scope in disaster risk reduction, analysing its ineffectiveness through the lens of the neoliberal governmentality problem. The second part deals with the issue of ‘neo-extractivism’ to outline the actual links between the political arena, the development discourse, and the creation of vulnerability and new hazards in the region’s contemporary social processes. We show a correlation between political arrangements and environmental degradation that brings about both disasters and an increase in disaster risk. ‘Neo-extractivism’ foregrounds the political conditions for the implementation of regional DRG and reveals how its projections within the development discourse relate incongruously with the essential factors of disaster risk.
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Widodo, Agus Setio. "Analisis Jejaring Pengurangan Resiko di Kawasan Rawan Bencana (KRB) Gunung Slamet." Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan : Kajian Ilmu Pemerintahan dan Politik Daerah 2, no. 1 (April 30, 2017): 01. http://dx.doi.org/10.24905/jip.v2i1.616.
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Simple observation of events for the disaster in Indonesia is almost always showed the same picture is a condition in which reactive attitude and spontaneous, unplanned as shown by society and government. There is a general tendency that people do not know how to act or addressing disaster. Regional preparedness in the face of natural disasters is very important. Slamet mountain with an altitude of 3,428 meters above sea level is the highest mountain in Central Java and the second highest in Java. Population data in the area of Mount Slamet and surrounding areas are included in Kawasan Rawan Bencana (disaster-prone areas) is approximately 215 953 inhabitants. Seeing the extent of the area affected by the eruption of Mount Slamet threats can not be taken lightly. This study aimed to explore the networking model for effective disaster risk reduction in disaster-prone areas of Mount Slamet. Networking model for disaster risk reduction is a very important information in order to overcome the impact of the eruption of Mount Slamet.
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Tam Bang, Vu, and IM ERIC IKSOON. "Natural Disasters and Rural Vietnam: Estimations and Forecasts." Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 42–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24311/jabes/2015.22.1.05.
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Using disaster data from the emdat.be website and data for six regions in Vietnam, this paper investigates the impacts of natural disasters on the gross product per capita of the three rural sectors that have been affected the most by disasters―agriculture, fishery, and forestry―over the period 1995 to 2013. The preliminary tests reveal endogeneity and contemporaneous correlations among these three sectors. Hence, a combination of instrumental variable (IV) estimations and system seemingly unrelated regressions (SSUR) are employed. The results reveal that disasters have different impacts on different sectors of the rural Vietnam with agriculture suffering the heaviest losses, fishery second, and forestry suffers the least. We then analyze the effects of reforestation as a disaster prevention measure and provide forecasts on the forest development in Vietnam.
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Jones, Jamal, Judith Staub, Andrew Seymore, and Lancer A. Scott. "Securing the Second Front: Achieving First Receiver Safety and Security through Competency-based Tools." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 29, no. 6 (October 14, 2014): 643–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x14001058.
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AbstractIntroductionLimited research has focused on the safety and security of First Responders and Receivers, including clinicians, hospital workers, public safety officials, community volunteers, and other lay personnel, during public health emergencies. These providers are, in some cases, at greater peril during large-scale disasters due to their lack of training and inadequate resources to handle major influxes of patients. Exemplified in the 1995 Tokyo sarin gas attacks and the 2008 Wenchuan earthquakes, lack of training results in poor outcomes for both patients and First Receivers.ObjectiveThe improvement of knowledge and comfort level of First Receivers preparing for a medical disaster via an affordable, repeatable emergency preparedness training (EPT) curriculum.MethodsA 5-hour EPT curriculum was developed including nine learning objectives, 18 competencies, and 34 performance objectives. Following brief didactic and small group sessions, interprofessional teams of four to six trainees were observed in a large patient simulator designed to recreate environmentally challenging (ie, flood evacuation), multi-patient scenarios using a novel technique developed to utilize trainees as actors. Trained observers assessed successful completion of 16 individual and 18 team performance objectives. Prior to training, team members completed a 24-question knowledge assessment, a demographic survey, and a comfort level self-assessment. Following training, trainees repeated the 24 questions, self-assessment, and course assessment.ResultsOne hundred ninety-five participants completed the course between November 2012 and August 2013. One hundred ninety-one (98.5%), 150 (76.9%), and 66 (33.8%) participants completed the pretest, post-test, and course assessment, respectively. The mean (SD) percentage of correct answers between the pretest and post-test increased from 46.3 (13.4) to 75.3 (12.2), P < .0001. Thirty-eight participants (19.5%) reported more than three hours of disaster EPT each year while 157 participants (80.5%) reported three hours or less of yearly EPT. Sixty-six (100%) reported the course relevant to care providers and 61 (92.4%) highly recommended the course. Comfort level increased from 37.0/100 (n = 192) before training to 76.3/100 (n = 145) after training.ConclusionThe Center for Health Professional Training and Emergency Response's (CHPTER's) 5-hour EPT curriculum for patient care providers recreates simultaneous multi-actor disasters, measures EPT performance, and improves trainee knowledge and comfort level to save patient and provider lives during a disaster, via an affordable, repeatable EPT curriculum. A larger-scale study, or preferably a multi-center trial, is needed to further study the impact of this curriculum and its potential to enhance the safety and security of the “Second Front.”JonesJ, StaubJ, SeymoreA, ScottLA. Securing the second front: achieving first receiver safety and security through competency-based tools. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(6):1-5.
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Zhang, MS, Han, Lesley Strawderman, PhD, and Burak Eksioglu, PhD. "The role of intermodal transportation in humanitarian supply chains." Journal of Emergency Management 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2011.0044.
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After a natural or man-made disaster, effective and efficient disaster relief support is needed. People affected by disasters should be moved from impacted areas, and staff and disaster relief supplies need to be moved to affected destinations in a timely manner. Disaster relief supply chains facilitate the transportation of personnel and supplies that directly affect the humanitarian aid performance. Utilizing appropriate transportation modes in the relief chain is critical to maintain effective relief operations. The main objective of this study is to identify the role of intermodal transportation and related decision making in disaster relief transportation. This objective will be achieved through the following specific aims: identify and assess the current response operations; determine how, if at all, and why humanitarian organizations utilize different modes of transportation to move goods and personnel effectively and efficiently when responding to and recovering from disasters; and identify factors that will potentially enhance the attractiveness of using intermodal transportation. To achieve these aims, two rounds of interviews were conducted first, and second, a large-scale online survey was distributed. Data analysis found that intermodal transportation is not frequently used in disaster relief operations. Decision makers in disaster relief agencies consider multiple factors when choosing transportation modes, but among the factors identified by participants, travel distance was the transportation mode considered most often, regardless of whether supplies or people were being transported. Finally, the organizations that cover larger areas and preposition supplies in their relief operations tend to use intermodal transportation more frequently.