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Smolková, Petra. "Přínos projektů VS LSS pro rozvoj znalostí v organizaci." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264341.
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The thesis studies the potential contribution of projects of Quality Management and Lean Six Sigma Specialization for the knowledge development in the participating organizations. Students taking class in compulsory subject Quality Management and Lean Six Sigma Practical were participating in those projects. Mentors from participating organizations were interviewed. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the history and selected tools of Lean Management. The significance of continuous improvement, as an integral part of Lean Management, is discussed. The thesis describes knowledge management and selected models of knowledge creation and transfer. The practical part includes a description of an employed methodology and interviews results. The thesis concludes a proposal of changes that can result in improvement of projects contribution for the knowledge development in the participating organizations.
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Easa, Nasser F. H. "Knowledge management and the SECI model : a study of innovation in the Egyptian banking sector." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/5053.
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The emergence of knowledge management (KM) as a practical business discipline is connected to the growing realisation that knowledge is an essential resource for organisations to retain sustainable competitive advantages. The SECI model, proposed by Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995) best embraces the nature of KM and of knowledge conversion. This model uses four processes of knowledge conversion: socialisation, externalisation, combination and internalisation to create knowledge in organisations. A review of the relevant literature, however, suggests that the application of the SECI model is suffering from a lack of research in banking, even though this is a knowledge-intensive industry. Since the model was driven from Japanese values, the applicability of the model in different cultural contexts is also arguable. This study aims to examine the use of the SECI model in Egyptian banks and its effect on the innovation process. To examine the model in a different cultural context, Egypt as the biggest Arab country was a suitable research site. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed to achieve the research aims. The qualitative data were used to triangulate the quantitative data by detailing the SECI conversion process, and its relation to innovation. Two hundred and ten self-administered questionnaires were used to investigate to what extent Egyptian banks perform the SECI and innovation activities, and 26 semi-structured face-to-face interviews provided details about how the Egyptian banks perform these activities. The survey data were analysed by using Predictive Analytic SoftWare (PASW). Different types of statistical applications were used, namely factor analysis, Cronbach’ alpha, descriptive analysis, multiple regression, t-test and one-way ANOVA. Content analysis was used to analyse the interview data were by looking for noticeable patterns to be connected to the research framework. The findings indicate that the SECI processes were used for knowledge creation in Egyptian banks. However, some self-imposed limitations minimised the benefits of the socialisation and externalisation processes in creating and sharing knowledge. In contrast, internalisation and combination faced fewer limitations, revealing that Egyptian banks focus more on formal rather than informal knowledge. Therefore, the study supports the view of the model as being universal, but the use of each process is subject to the cultural context, leadership support, and types of task. The findings also suggest that the SECI processes - whether separate or as a whole - positively influence the innovation process by increasing the generation of ideas for banking services, products and processes. The internalisation process had the most positive influence on innovation, followed by the combination, externalisation and socialisation processes respectively. Many of the product and process innovations in the last few years were due to the introduction of new technologies.
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Dzelepovic, Dzenita, Samra Malagic, and Sebastian Lindgren. "Kunskapsöverföring i mindre familjeföretag : En kvalitativ fallstudie kring hur överföring av kunskap sker i mindre familjeföretag." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-84596.
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Det finns idag en utbredd förståelse för att företagets inneboende kunskap och kompetens utgör en allt viktigare roll för att kunna möta framtida utmaningar. Att utveckla kompetens och utbyta kunskap kan därför ses som centralt i de flesta företag, men detta framhävs som än mer betydelsefullt i familjeföretag eftersom kompetensen är direkt nödvändig för dess framtida överlevnad och utveckling. Det som skiljer familjeföretag från övriga är den familjära anknytningen vilken sätter sin prägel på hur företaget drivs samt dess kultur. Studiens syfte har varit att undersöka hur kunskapsöverföringen ser ut i mindre familjeföretag. Den forskning vilken genomsyrat denna studie har varit flerfallsstudie där djupgående granskningar av tre företag har skett. Insamlingen för det empiriska materialet har skett genom semistrukturerade intervjuer och studiens metodologiska tillvägagångssätt har följt en abduktiv ansats. Utifrån analysresultaten framgick det att kunskapsöverföringen i alla tre företag främst sker genom sociala samspel. I företag C förefinns dock även kompletterande metoder i form av bland annat arbetsinstruktioner vilka de övriga företagen uppvisade en avsaknad av. Denna avsaknad kan medföra en risk att kunskaper dels försvinner eller att dessa inte utvecklas. Den familjära inblandningen inverkar på samtliga företag och sätter sin prägel på bland annat företagskulturen, då det har framkommit att de genomsyras av en inbjudande och lättsam stämning vilken inbjuder till idé- och kunskapsinteraktion. Det har även uppvisat sig förefinnas svårigheter i samtliga företag att helt hålla isär de privata och professionella rollerna, vilket har visat sig medföra såväl positiva som negativa effekter på kunskapsöverföringen.Today, there is a widespread understanding that the company’s inherent knowledge and competence play an increasingly important role in order to meet future challenges. Developing competence and exchanging knowledge can therefore be seen as central in most companies, but this is emphasized as even more important in family businesses because competence is directly necessary for its future survival and development. What distinguishes family businesses from the rest, is the familiar affiliation which sets its mark on how the company is run and its culture. The aim of the study has been to investigate how the knowledge transfer appears in smaller family businesses. The research that permeated this study has been a multi-case study in which in-depth reviews of three companies have taken place. The collection of the empirical material has been done through semi-structured interviews and the methodological procedure of the study has followed an abductive approach. Based on the analysis results, it appeared that the knowledge transfer in all three companies mainly takes place through social interaction. In company C, however, there are also supplementary methods in the form of, among other things, work instructions which the other companies showed a lack of. This absence may entail a risk that knowledge will disappear or not develop. The family involvement affects all companies and sets its mark on the corporate culture, as it has come to light that the cultures are permeated by an inviting and easy-going atmosphere which invites to idea- and knowledge interaction. There have also been found to be difficulties in all companies to completely disassociate the private and professional roles, which has proved to bring both positive and negative effects on the knowledge transfer.
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Antochio, Marcela. "Gestão do conhecimento: uma proposta de modelo para associações empresariais." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1126.
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Previous issue date: 2014-02-25In an environment where competitive advantage and taking appropriate decisions are essential to business success, the use of mechanisms that facilitate the storage and retrieval of informational sources and knowledge management can become an ally in the "race" by the market. In this scenario also, are micro and small enterprises, competing directly with companies of medium to large, national and international. How micro and small enterprises can reach levels of excellence and quality in their products and services when encountered a macroeconomic scenario so diverse? This research, using as a basis the state of the art in Knowledge Management, intends to structure a model of knowledge management that provides the generation and exchange of knowledge capable of external aid in the decision-making mechanism. For this exploratory research, a survey of secondary sources and primary data was performed. The proposed model aims to demonstrate the processes of knowledge generation, filtering, disclose, store and retrieve such knowledge, based on the characteristics and needs related to business associations and companies that integrate and propose mechanisms for analysis of the use in order to provide tools to classify the levels of improvement in organizational learning and performance together in the organization, is also defined the role of the participating members of the Association for each step, demonstrating the importance of the human factor for an effective Knowledge Management. , Filtering, DSI for businesses; Storage; Use, Decision Making, Organizational Performance and Professional Knowledge Generation of Knowledge: As a final result a model of knowledge management consists of 8 steps was obtained.
Em um ambiente onde a vantagem competitiva e tomada de decisões adequadas são imprescindíveis para o sucesso empresarial, a utilização de mecanismos que facilitem o armazenamento e recuperação de fontes informacionais e a Gestão do Conhecimento organizacional podem se tornar um aliado na corrida pelo mercado. Neste cenário encontram-se também as Micro e Pequenas empresas (MPEs), competindo diretamente com empresas de Médio a Grande Porte, nacionais e internacionais. Como MPEs podem atingir níveis de excelência e qualidade em seus produtos e serviços quando deparadas a um cenário macroeconômico tão diverso? A presente pesquisa, utilizando como base o estado-da-arte em Gestão do Conhecimento, pretende estruturar um modelo de Gestão do Conhecimento que proporcione a geração e troca de conhecimentos externos capazes de auxiliar no mecanismo de tomada de decisões. Para tal foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória, com levantamento em fontes de informação secundárias e primárias. O modelo aqui proposto pretende demonstrar os processos de geração do conhecimento, como filtrar, divulgar, armazenar e recuperar tais conhecimentos, tendo como base as características e necessidades relacionadas às Associações Empresariais e as empresas que a integram, e propor mecanismos de análise da utilização afim de proporcionar ferramentas para classificar os níveis de melhoria na aprendizagem organizacional e conjuntamente no desempenho da organização, também é definido o papel dos membros participantes da Associação para cada etapa, demonstrando a importância do fator humano para uma efetiva Gestão do Conhecimento. Como resultado final foi obtido um modelo de Gestão do conhecimento composto por 8 etapas: Geração do Conhecimento; Filtragem; DSI para empresas; Armazenagem; Utilização; Tomada de Decisões; Desempenho Organizacional e Profissionais do Conhecimento.
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Eulálio, Andresa Oliveira. "A gestão do conhecimento nos setores de pagamento das Superintendências Regionais de Ensino de Minas Gerais: desafios e perspectivas." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2017. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/6744.
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O presente estudo, desenvolvido no âmbito do Mestrado Profissional em Gestão e Avaliação da Educação Pública (PPGP) do Centro de Políticas Públicas e Avaliação da Educação da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora(CAEd/UFJF), analisoucomo ocorre a gestão do conhecimento (GC) nos setores de pagamento das 47 Superintendências Regionais de Ensino (SRE‘s) da Secretaria de Estado de Educação de Minas Gerais, onde a pesquisa foi realizada. Para tanto definiu-se como objetivo geral, identificar os problemas de gestão do conhecimento vivenciados pelos coordenadores de pagamento das SRE‘s no exercício de suas funções no ano de 2016, buscando encontrar possibilidades de intervenção. Dessa forma, pesquisa discutiu como a GC, nos setores de pagamento das SRE‘s, poderia potencializar a construção de uma política de proteção do conhecimento de maneira a contribuir com a preservação da memória institucional no setor, utilizando-se principalmente a teoria desenvolvida por Nonaka e Takeuchi (1997). A metodologia adotada foi o estudo de caso com abordagem qualitativa. Como instrumentos, foram aplicados questionários para os coordenadores de pagamento e entrevista para os gestores do sistema de pagamento. Por meio dos dados coletados, foram detectados problemas que revelaram a falta de: (I) padronização de informações, (II) manual de procedimentos, (III) registro do conhecimento produzido no setor de pagamento. Foi ainda detectada a necessidade de proteção do conhecimento para evitar a perda da memória institucional com a saída de servidores mais experientes, seja por desligamento ou aposentadoria. Tendo como parâmetro o diagnóstico realizado, foi desenvolvido um Plano de Ação Educacional que, partindo do planejamento estratégico alinhando com a gestão do conhecimento, busca-se realizar uma mudança na cultura organizacional, modificando a forma de gerir o conhecimento não mais com a predominância da oralidade e da informalidade, mas com registros sistematizados que possibilitem a organização a não perder sua memória corporativa no futuro e garantir que novos servidores possam se apropriar deste conhecimento tácito registrado por seus antecessores, potencializando, assim, a combinação e a internalização, que atuam no conhecimento operacional-sistêmico, e que se mostraram mais frágeis na organização pesquisada.
The present study, developed within the scope of the Professional Master in Management and Evaluation of Public Education (PPGP) of the Center for Public Policies and Education Evaluation of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (CAEd / UFJF), analyzed how knowledge management occurs ) in the payment sectors of the 47 Regional Superintendences of Education (SRE's) of the State Secretariat of Education of Minas Gerais, where the research was carried out. For this purpose, it was defined as a general objective to identify the knowledge management problems experienced by the SRE's payment coordinators in the exercise of their functions in 2016, seeking to find possibilities for intervention. In this way, the research discussed how the CG, in the payment sectors of the SREs, could potentiate the construction of a knowledge protection policy in order to contribute to the preservation of the institutional memory in the sector, using mainly the theory developed by Nonaka and Takeuchi (1997). The methodology adopted was the case study with a qualitative approach. As instruments, questionnaires were applied to the payment and interview coordinators for payment system managers. Through the collected data, problems were detected that revealed the lack of: (I) standardization of information, (II) manual of procedures, (III) registration of knowledge produced in the payment sector. It was also detected the need for protection of knowledge to avoid the loss of institutional memory with the exit of more experienced servers, either by disconnection or retirement. Having as a parameter the diagnosis made, an Educational Action Plan was developed that, starting from the strategic planning aligning with the knowledge management, seeks to realize a change in the organizational culture, modifying the way of managing the knowledge no longer with the predominance of the orality and informality, but with systematized records that enable the organization not to lose its corporate memory in the future and ensure that new servers can appropriate this tacit knowledge registered by its predecessors, thus enhancing the combination and internalization that act in the operational-systemic knowledge, and which were shown to be more fragile in the research organization.
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Kaplan, Lewis. "Knowledge creation at the first tier level of the supply chain : an application of the SECI model." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/778.
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Engvall, Emelie, and Victor Anderfelt. "Kunskapsdelningens komplexitet : En flerfallsstudie om kunskapsdelning bland IT-konsulter." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-325285.
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In a society dependent on knowledge, information and information technology (IT), studying IT-oriented knowledge intensive firms becomes particularly interesting. Previous research has for the most part studied management consulting firms as well as how knowledge management and knowledge management initiatives can support or inhibit the growth of organizations. To further progress this line of research the study intends to fill a gap in research concerning consultants focusing on IT-solutions. Consequently, this study has two equally important purposes. Firstly, the study intends to investigate the application of Ikujiro Nonaka’s Organizational Knowledge Creation Theory on new empirical data. Secondly, this study aims to explain learning processes in the IT-consulting trade. The empirical data used is taken from eight interviews and three qualitative surveys from three different IT-consulting firms in Sweden. By using a multiple-case study design this study simultaneously presents a broad perspective of the IT-consulting trade and a deeper understanding of the knowledge sharing processes used in the different cases. The study has resulted in three major conclusions. (1) There are different types of digital tools that are important for knowledge sharing in organizations. These are digital conversation-rooms, digital pin boards and internal databases. (2) The authors also identify six conditions that are important for knowledge sharing. These conditions are proven to have a complex relationship with the context in which knowledge is shared and the consultants’ choice of digital tools. (3) Lastly the Organizational Knowledge Creation Theory is found to be insufficient in describing the knowledge sharing processes in IT-consulting firms, especially regarding the relation between the socialization and externalization processes. Proposals for future research in relation to the findings are presented.
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Ricciardi, Giancarlo. "A conversão do conhecimento como fonte de obtenção de vantagem competitiva sustentável na perspectiva da Resource-Based View." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2006. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/699.
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Previous issue date: 2006-12-14This study reviewed the existence of a sustainable competitive advantage, by the Resource-Based View (RBV) perspective, based on knowledge management, precisely knowledge conversion methods defined under Nonaka and Takeuchi s SECI model (2004). Theoretical basis points SECI model as a vector for sustainable competitive advantage by RBV perspective, once companies obtain new knowledge applied on decision making process through the use thereof (CHOO, 2003). Therefore, through field research, this paper purpose aimed to identify the convergence between theoretical statements and managers vision concerning sustainable competitive advantages arising from the SECI model knowledge conversion. Based on statistical analysis of data gathered in 200 questionnaires, it has been concluded that the manager s vision is divergent from the conceptual indicators that qualify SECI model as vector for the sustainable competitive advantage under RBV perspective. Consequently, it has been identified that SECI model can, if so, be qualified as a source of competitive advantage, although not sustainable, thus characterizing a clear contradiction regarding the theories on such matter. The study represents an important finding that must be targeted for a deeper analysis in order to clarify such contradiction, and for better understanding its origins and implications.
O presente estudo analisou a existência de vantagem competitiva sustentável na perspectiva da Resource-Based View (RBV), tomando como base a gestão do conhecimento, mais precisamente os métodos de conversão do conhecimento definidos pelo modelo SECI de Nonaka e Takeuchi (2004). O embasamento teórico apresentado aponta o modelo SECI como vetor para a obtenção de vantagem competitiva sustentável na perspectiva da RBV já que, por meio deste, as empresas obtêm novos conhecimentos que serão aplicados no processo de tomada de decisão (CHOO, 2003). Desta forma, por meio de estudo de campo, este trabalho objetivou identificar a convergência da visão de gestores sobre a vantagem competitiva sustentável originada a partir do modelo SECI e do postulado teórico sobre o tema. Pela análise estatística de dados coletados por 200 questionários, concluiu-se que a visão do gestor é divergente dos indicadores conceituais que qualificam o modelo SECI como vetor de vantagem competitiva sustentável na perspectiva da RBV. Em decorrência da análise realizada, identificou-se que o modelo SECI pode, se tanto, ser qualificado como fonte de vantagem competitiva, porém não sustentável, caracterizando clara contradição em relação às teorias sobre o tema. O estudo representa importante conclusão que deve ser alvo de análises mais aprofundadas que objetivem o esclarecimento da contradição estabelecida e para que se obtenha melhor compreensão a respeito de suas origens e implicações.
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Papú, Carrone Natalia Lorena. "Circular Knowledge Creation : A case study of knowledge creation processes within denim companies striving towards circularity." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-22005.
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Background – Circular business models, CBMs, are an emerging topic of interest within the textile and clothing, T&C, sector. They provide a new framework to tackle current environmental and social issues by redesigning a linear model previously base on the assumption of endless availability of fossil fuels and other natural resources. CBMs change these underlying assumptions in order to be regenerative and waste-less. A company´s knowledge has to be aligned with the overarching paradigm and assumptions that guide the business model, hence, the process of creating new knowledge to sustain this shift, appears to be essential. Knowledge creation enables businesses to continuously adapt to new contexts and prevent them from becoming obsolete. As such, it constitutes an enabler to develop the internal capabilities of companies to innovate. Purpose - This study is focused on understanding how knowledge is created within T&C companies in the shift from a linear business model to a circular one. It is of interest for the study to uncover the ways in which knowledge about circularity is created and translated into business practices. Further, it also expects to explore the companies’ main internal barriers identified in this process. Methodology – The research was conducted through a single case study with an abductive approach, building on the theoretical perspective of Nonaka and Takeuchi’s knowledge creation theory and the SECI model for knowledge conversion. Semi-structured interviews with Dutch denim company employees were the basis for collecting primary data, supplemented by secondary data gathered through archival review. The data was analysed qualitatively through thematic content analysis. Findings – Results show that knowledge creation is enabled by personal motivation, company focus on circularity and long-lasting business relationships. Several knowledge creation practices related to the dimensions of socialisation, externalisation, combination and internalisation are identified, while different levels of process and knowledge complexity can be observed within each dimension. Internal barriers hindering circular knowledge creation relate to the complexity of circular concepts, individuals´ time, personal interest and previous knowledge on the topic. System-oriented internal barriers relate to finance, scale and company focus. Further, the role of regulations, as an external system-oriented barrier, is considered of relevance for this research. Practical implications & Research limitations – This thesis creates new insights into a relatively unexplored area, knowledge creation processes in the context of CBMs. Further the specific delimitation to the denim segment within the T&C sector, shares experience and guidance with practical implications for knowledge management, from companies within a segment which has a high degree of product and process innovation compared to other T&C segments.
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Hautala, J. (Johanna). "Academic knowledge creation as a spatio-temporal process:the case of international research groups in Finland." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2011. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514296499.
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Abstract The thesis is an investigation into the spatio-temporal knowledge creation of international research groups. Knowledge is spatial: it is created in geographical places, shared in communicative space and analyzed in the cognitive space of the mind. Knowledge is a process that evolves in the interactions and interpretations of people. It is created in the tempo of working days that is experienced as flowing or disrupted time. These dimensions of spaces and times come together as the contexts of knowledge creation. In current internationalizing universities, work groups increasingly consist of members from different countries and with varying professional backgrounds. In their endeavor to create globally renowned results, the international research groups are both challenged and enabled by their diversity. Multiple views can benefit the creation of novelty, but reaching a common understanding in a diverse group might not be easy. Current research calls for a more detailed understanding of the processes and contexts of knowledge creation in international groups. The empirical part of the thesis is comprised of two case study compilations. Case A focuses on the University of Oulu, with its foreign employees and three international research groups from the humanist, scientific and technical fields. Four international research groups from the fields of science and technology, led by top foreign professors and funded by the Finland Distinguished Professor Programme, form case B. Altogether, the main materials include 37 interviews, 123 weekly diaries, observation and a survey (67 replies). The main methods applied are mental mapping, discourse analysis and content analysis. According to the results, knowledge creation is a complex spatio-temporal process that often leads to unexpected results. Processes of interaction and interpretation enable the group to reach cognitive friction. This fertile ground of knowledge creation can be reached when a group possesses enough common understanding and enough diversity in their individual interpretations. Humanist, scientific and technical knowledges are created in multiple contexts through group-specific discourses. Knowledge itself is a spatio-temporal process of stages, flows and disruptions towards the not-yet-known. Knowledge is inseparable from individuals, groups, the processes and contexts of creationTiivistelmä Väitöskirjassa tarkastellaan tiedon jalostamista tilassa ja ajassa kansainvälisissä tutkimusryhmissä. Tieto on tilallista: sitä jalostetaan maantieteellisissä paikoissa, jaetaan kommunikaation tilassa ja analysoidaan mielen kognitiivisessa tilassa. Tieto on prosessi, jota ihmiset jalostavat vuorovaikutuksen ja tulkinnan kautta. Tietoa jalostetaan aikarajojen ja työpäivien määrittelemässä ajassa, joka voi tuntua virtaavan tai pysähtelevän. Nämä tilan ja ajan ulottuvuudet yhdistyvät tiedon jalostamisen kontekstiksi. Kansainvälistyvissä yliopistoissa työryhmät koostuvat enenevissä määrin jäsenistä, jotka edustavat eri kansallisuuksia ja joiden ammatilliset taustat ovat erilaiset. Monimuotoisuus on sekä haaste että mahdollisuus ryhmien tavoitteelle luoda kansainvälisesti merkittäviä tuloksia. Monipuoliset näkökulmat voivat edesauttaa tiedon jalostamista, mutta yhteisymmärryksen muodostaminen ryhmässä voi olla haastavaa. Nykytutkimuksessa tarvitaan syvällisempää ymmärrystä tiedon jalostamisen prosesseista ja konteksteista kansainvälisissä ryhmissä. Väitöskirjan empiirinen osa sisältää kaksi tapaustutkimuskokonaisuutta. Tapaus A koskee Oulun yliopiston ulkomaalaisia työntekijöitä ja kolmea kansainvälistä tutkimusryhmää humanistiselta, luonnontieteelliseltä ja tekniseltä alalta. Tapauksen B muodostavat neljä kansainvälistä luonnontieteen ja tekniikan alan tutkimusryhmää, joiden johtajat ovat ulkomaalaisia huippuprofessoreita ja jotka ovat Finland Distinguished Professor -ohjelman rahoittamia. Yhteensä pääaineisto koostuu 37 haastattelusta, 123 viikkopäiväkirjasta, havainnoinnista ja kyselystä (67 vastausta). Aineiston käsittelyn päämenetelmät ovat mentaalikartta-, diskurssi- ja sisällönanalyysi. Tulosten mukaan tiedon jalostaminen on monimutkainen prosessi, joka usein johtaa odottamattomiin tuloksiin. Vuorovaikutuksen ja tulkitsemisen prosessit mahdollistavat kognitiivisen kitkan muodostumisen, joka on hedelmällinen maaperä tiedon jalostamiselle. Sen saavuttamiseksi ryhmässä tarvitaan riittävästi yhteisymmärrystä ja riittävästi monimuotoisuutta jäsenten yksilöllisissä tulkinnoissa. Humanistiset, luonnontieteelliset ja tekniset tiedot jalostetaan ryhmän sisäisissä diskursseissa monipuolisissa konteksteissa. Tieto on tilallinen ja ajallinen prosessi kohti toistaiseksi tietämätöntä. Tieto on erottamaton osa ihmisiä, ryhmiä ja jalostamisen prosesseja ja konteksteja
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Bjerkliden, Mathias. "Designing knowledge management strategies in complex project settings : A case study of a multi-project organization in Sweden." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446661.
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Research shows that organizations rely on intangible value chains to boost their economic development through knowledge being seen as a resource. However, due to the emerging complexity withing various organizational designs and complexity of multi-levels in projects, still very little is known on how knowledge is shared and utilized in a complex and multi-leveled context. The purpose of this thesis is to examine how knowledge is shared and utilized in complex project-based environments and how underlying mechanisms of knowledge can be stimulated to facilitate a knowledge management system. To answer the research question, data was collected through eleven semi-structured interviews and analyzed through grounded theory. Results show that depending on the organizational environment, different mechanisms are more suited than others. In the industrial organization examined in this case study, a personification strategy is well suited as the organizational tasks are unique in nature. Furthermore, the initiation of knowledge sharing opportunities play an important role in implementing knowledge management. In this context, an institutionalization approach is the desired mechanisms to stimulate. This is due to the size of the organization and the fact that employees are geographically dispersed. It is further amplified by the increased amount of remote-working, especially in the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic which has limited face-to-face interactions. To implement a knowledge management strategy of personification and institutionalization, routines are paramount to its success. Without the implementation of standards and routines governed from the organization and management level, there is a risk of knowledge management initiatives failing due to lack of commitment and participation.
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Bergqvist, Magdalena, and Frida Nordenfors. "Uppfinna hjulet på nytt? : En fallstudie om IT-systems roll vid kunskapsöverföring." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-340441.
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Informationsteknik (IT) har en betydelsefull roll i dagens samhälle och ett av de mest framgångsrika verktygen för att inhämta, bearbeta och bevara data och information är olika typer av IT-system. Studier visar att ett väletablerat IT-system kan möjliggöra kunskapsöverföring inom en organisation. En välkänd bransch som har utnyttjat de konkurrensfördelar som kunskap och kunskapsöverföring kan ge är konsultbranschen. Uppsatsen syftar därmed att studera vilken roll IT-system kan ha vid kunskapsöverföring och studien genomfördes således på ett konsultföretag i Stockholmsregionen. Studiens empiri inhämtades från sju intervjuer med anställda vid företaget. Uppsatsens slutsats visade att ITsystemen har en fundamental roll men att systemen inte används uteslutande vid kunskapsöverföring då även sociala interaktioner används i processen.Information technology (IT) has gained an increasingly important role in today's society and one of the most successful tools for retrieving, processing and preserving data and information are different types of IT systems. Studies show that a well-established IT system can enable knowledge transfer within an organization. A well-known industry that has taken advantage of the competitive advantages that knowledge and knowledge transfer can provide is the consulting industry. The aim of the thesis is thus to study the role of IT systems in the process of knowledge transfer and the study was conducted at a consulting company in the Stockholm region. The empirical material was obtained from seven interviews with employees at the company. The conclusion of the thesis showed that IT systems have a fundamental role but that the systems are not used exclusively for knowledge transfer since social interactions are also used in the process.
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Lekay, Letitia Luette. "Exploring knowledge sharing and creation practices among a selection of library staff at the University of the Western Cape." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3621_1365585235.
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The aim of this study was to determine whether or not knowledge was shared and created in the library of the University of the Western Cape (UWC). The study adopted the SECI model of Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995) as its theoretical framework. The service delivery points at the UWC library are as follows:
Circulation section, which deals with walk-in
users. These are users who, on a daily basis borrow books from and return books to the library. This section normally deals with queries such as users whose library cards are
blocked due to outstanding library fines. It comprises front - desk staff, shelf attendants and inter-library loan staff members.
Staff members working in the information section (IS)
are referred to as faculty librarians (FAC/L&rsquo
s), who are regarded as section heads and liaise with faculties on campus on a regular basis. The information section deals with walk-in
users on a daily basis.
The other sections, namely cataloguing, acquisition and periodicals, provide mostly &lsquo
behind the scenes&rsquo
services, but their work is of such a nature that
users have no access to their sections due to the strict policy with regard to areas of the library in which staff are working with new books and journals. Books and journals that are
not on the cataloguing system are kept in the acquisitions and cataloguing section. This also has a significant impact on service delivery in the library. These sections have to
ensure that books and journals are processed, in order for users to get access to these resources. This study attempted to answer the following research questions
Is there
evidence of knowledge sharing and creation in the UWC library? If so, what practices currently exist?
How do staff share and create knowledge for service delivery not with general
library users, but within and between the acquisitions, cataloguing and information sections?
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Bergman, Cecilia, and Dijana Todorovic. "Hur skapar man kontinuitet i ideella organisationer : En fallstudie av Riksförbundet Sveriges Unga Katoliker." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Business Studies, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2249.
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Syfte: Syftet med studien är att ge rekommendationer till organisationen Riksförbundet Sveriges Unga Katoliker (SUK) om hur de kan bevara kontinuiteten inom förbundet. Rekommendationerna tillkommer genom analys av hur SUK kan ta vara på den tysta kunskapen som finns hos deras anställda och frivilliga medarbetare, samt vilka faktorer som motiverar till ett frivilligt ledarskap.
Metod: Fallstudien har en kvalitativ ansats med inslag av kvantitativa antydningar. Två intervjuer har genomförts med anställda på SUK, samt en via e-post med ytterligare en anställd. En mindre enkätundersökning har genomförts bland ideella ledare inom Stockholmregionen i SUK.
Teori: Detta kapitel börjar med en överblick över definitioner av tyst kunskap och därefter följer tvåfaktorsteorin som är en motivationsteori. Detta avsnitt redovisar teorier från Polanyi, Nonaka, samt Herzberg.
Empiri: I detta avsnitt presenteras den data som samlats in genom SUK:s hemsida, intervjuer, samt den mindre enkätundersökningen.
Analys: Under denna del analyserar vi det material som samlats in under empiri avsnittet med hjälp av de teorier som presenterats i teoriavsnittet. Data från intervjuerna ställs mot teori om tyst kunskap och enkätundersökningens resultat analyseras med hjälp av Herzbergs tvåfaktorsteori.
Slutsats: De viktigaste slutsatserna är att SUK bör bevara organisationens tysta kunskap genom att ta fram ett symboliskt organisationsspråk i form av lathundar och mallar. Kommunikationen inom organisationen måste förbättras, och SUK bör införa en praktisk del i ledarutbildningen, som också kan fungera som en överföring av tyst kunskap. Fortsatt slutsats är att motivationsfaktorerna avancemang och prestation är viktigast både enligt SUK:s frivilliga arbetare och anställda. SUK bör ta hänsyn både till motivationsfaktorer och hygienfaktorer, då båda är viktiga för att skapa kontinuitet.
Purpose: The purpose of the essay is give the association Sweden's Young Catholics recommendations how to maintain the contingency within the organization. The recommendations arises through analysis about how Sweden's Young Catholics can preserve the tacit knowledge that the employees and volunteers have, and which factors motivates to volunteer leadership.
Methology: For this case study we have used a qualitative method with a touch of a quantitative method. We did two interviews with employees and one through e-mail with another employee. We also did a minor poll with volunteers in the Stockholm region in Sweden's Young Catholics.
Theoretical perspective: This chapter starts with an overview over different definitions of tacit knowledge and there after a theory about motivation. This chapter illustrates theorys by Polanyi, Nonaka, and Herzberg.
Empiric: This chapter declares material and interviews made for this thesis. Material about the organization from the website for Sweden's Young Catholics, the interviews about tacit knowledge and the poll about motivation.
Analysis: In this section we analyse all the material and interviews collected in the empiric section with help of the theories from the theoretical chapter. The interviews with the tacit knowledge and the poll with help of Herzberg's theory.
Conclusion: The most important conclusion is that Sweden's Young Catholics should keep their tacit knowledge by developing a symbolic organizational language in shape of reference guides. The communication in the organization also has to improve and Sweden's Young Catholics should have a practical part in their leadership course which also can serve as a transfer of tacit knowledge. Other conclusions are that the most important motivation factors is promotion and performance according to both employees and volunteers. Although Sweden's Young Catholics should take both motivation factors and hygiene factors in their consideration, because they are both important for keeping the contingency in the organization.
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Lin, Dada. "Wissensmanagement Reloaded - Ein Ordnungsrahmen für den systemischen Umgang mit Wissen im Enterprise 2.0." Master's thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-39354.
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Gegenstand dieser Arbeit ist die Konstruktion eines Ordnungsrahmens für den systemischen Umgang mit Wissen im Enterprise 2.0. Dieser Ordnungsrahmen zeigt Einsatzpotentiale und Handlungsfelder des Enterprise 2.0-Konzepts für Wissensmanagement systematisch auf und vermittelt ein Verständnis über die Zusammenhänge zwischen den Gestaltungsdimensionen Mensch, Organisation und Technologie im speziellen Fall des Enterprise 2.0.
Ergänzend zu den theoretisch erarbeiteten Aspekten wird der konzipierte Ordnungsrahmen verwendet, um die Eignung eines realen Enterprise 2.0-Ansatzes (Wiki-Plattform) für Wissensmanagement zu bewerten.
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Geromin, Martina. "Tacit knowledge sharing at Higher Education Institutions and its impact on the creation of competitive niches." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.681041.
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Driven by the insight that knowledge is power and, therefore, it is the core element for a company to be successful I examined which strategies enhance knowledge-sharing practices and processes among the HEI’s co-workers in order to create new competitive niches. This is especially important in times of ongoing change at an international level as HEIs seem to be increasingly in competition among one another for funds and students' intake. I based my study on the theoretical framework of Nonaka & Takeuchi’s SECI model of knowledge creation (1995) where, according to the authors, the knowledge-sharing takes place in four modes: socialization, externalization, combination and internalization. The main focus of my thesis is the socialization dimension, hence, the face-to-face communication between co-workers and their shared experiences and skills: the ‘tacit to tacit’ knowledge-sharing; the interaction between the different co-workers in the socialization process. Since all knowledge derives from tacit knowledge originally, tacit knowledge is, according to Nonaka/Takeuchi (1995), a person's own personal knowledge and his/her experience and skills; whereas explicit knowledge, on the other hand, is the formal and codified knowledge open to everybody via documents in a systematic language. The study of both literature and empirical data has shown that a special attention must be given to the resource-based view on strategy as it emphasizes the importance of the socialization mode by connecting the respective co-workers with one another in order to create something new. It is such a strategy that focuses on the best deployment of the knowledge resources in order for the institution to take advantage of their co-workers’ embedded, natural, context-specific, difficult to express and attached to the knower’s tacit knowledge. As a result, the key properties of a knowledge-enabling environment (in this thesis called ‘ba’) have been analyzed where tacit knowledge receives its attention by creating space and time for the tacit, hidden, embedded knowledge to emerge. Further field studies in different realities would now be helpful to further extract common patterns for the creation of a sense-making framework of strategy where the tacit dimension of each co-worker is seen to be a unique and remarkable asset for HEIs in order to gain a position of competitive advantage in the market place.
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Makarand, Tare, and tmakarand@swin edu au. "A future for human resources: A Specialised role in knowledge management." Swinburne University of Technology. School of Business, 2003. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20040311.093956.
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This thesis is broadly concerned with the future of the Human Resources function within organisations. The nature of these concerns is two-fold: first, how can Human Resources deal effectively with the challenges of organisational life today; second, how can Human Resources convince senior management that it is both relevant, and necessary, to the economic success of the enterprise, and so assure its future as an internal organisational function. This thesis posits that not only does an involvement in the knowledge management process hold considerable benefits for an organisation through a direct and positive influence on the �bottom-line�, but that such an involvement takes on a specialised set of aims and objectives within the human resource perspective that should not be ignored.
The argument is that Human Resources, with its own knowledge-awareness and overview of the structures, manpower, performance and reward systems, and training and development programs, is uniquely placed to be instrumental in creating the open, unselfish culture required to make a success of Knowledge Management, and secure its own future as a trusted and valued strategic partner, fully contributing to the enhancement of organisational performance, and ultimately, the organisation�s place in the world.
The thesis commences with an overview of how Human Resources has defined its role within organisations since the 1980s. The challenges and concerns of human resources professionals are discussed, and the opportunity for them to take the lead in developing the social networks that are vital to the capture and transfer of knowledge is foreshadowed. An examination of knowledge and knowledge management concepts and principles, and a discussion of the specialised aims and objectives that a knowledge management system can be argued to have within a human resources management perspective in the 21st century is discussed next. As learning from experience with the aim of improving business performance is one of the uses of knowledge management, a discussion of �learning� and the concepts of the �learning organisation� follows.
The chapters in the first part of the thesis contain the theoretical material concerning knowledge and knowledge management, learning and the Learning Organisation, and the argument that Human Resources is in a position to play a major role in moving the organisation's culture to one of value creation and valuable strategic decision-making capability, through its awareness of the concept of knowledge and its implementation of knowledge systems, policies, and practices.
The second part of the thesis is more empirically based, and reports the results of recent research by the author into the levels of awareness of the knowledge concept, and the degree to which knowledge management systems, policies, and practices are being implemented. The purpose of the study was to test a number of hypotheses about knowledge and knowledge management and the role of the Human Resources function vis-a-vis these issues. The results and their implications are subsequently discussed.
The thesis concludes with some reflections on the concepts of knowledge and learning, and the specialised role that the Human Resources professional can play in knowledge work.
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Dhurandhar, Amit. "Semi-analytical method for analyzing models and model selection measures." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024733.
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Yu, Fu. "On statistical analysis of vehicle time-headways using mixed distribution models." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2014. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/d101df63-b7db-45b6-8a03-365b64345e6b.
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For decades, vehicle time-headway distribution models have been studied by many researchers and traffic engineers. A good time-headway model can be beneficial to traffic studies and management in many aspects; e.g. with a better understanding of road traffic patterns and road user behaviour, the researchers or engineers can give better estimations and predictions under certain road traffic conditions and hence make better decisions on traffic management and control. The models also help us to implement high-quality microscopic traffic simulation studies to seek good solutions to traffic problems with minimal interruption of the real traffic environment and minimum costs. Compared within previously studied models, the mixed (SPM and GQM) mod- els, especially using the gamma or lognormal distributions to describe followers headways, are probably the most recognized ones by researchers in statistical stud- ies of headway data. These mixed models are reported with good fitting results indicated by goodness-of-fit tests, and some of them are better than others in com- putational costs. The gamma-SPM and gamma-GQM models are often reported to have similar fitting qualities, and they often out-perform the lognormal-GQM model in terms of computational costs. A lognormal-SPM model cannot be formed analytically as no explicit Laplace transform is available with the lognormal dis- tribution. The major downsides of using mixed models are the difficulties and more flexibilities in fitting process as they have more parameters than those single models, and this sometimes leads to unsuccessful fitting or unreasonable fitted pa- rameters despite their success in passing GoF tests. Furthermore, it is difficult to know the connections between model parameters and realistic traffic situations or environments, and these parameters have to be estimated using headway samples. Hence, it is almost impossible to explain any traffic phenomena with the param- eters of a model. Moreover, with the gamma distribution as the only common well-known followers headway model, it is hard to justify whether it has described the headway process appropriately. This creates a barrier for better understanding the process of how drivers would follow their preceding vehicles. This study firstly proposes a framework developed using MATLAB, which would help researchers in quick implementations of any headway distributions of interest. This framework uses common methods to manage and prepare headway samples to meet those requirements in data analysis. It also provides common structures and methods on implementing existing or new models, fitting models, testing their performance hence reporting results. This will simplify the development work involved in headway analysis, avoid unnecessary repetitions of work done by others and provide results in formats that are more comparable with those reported by others. Secondly, this study focuses on the implementation of existing mixed models, i.e. the gamma-SPM, gamma-GQM and lognormal-GQM, using the proposed framework. The lognormal-SPM is also tested for the first time, with the recently developed approximation method of Laplace transform available for lognormal distributions. The parameters of these mixed models are specially discussed, as means of restrictions to simplify the fitting process of these models. Three ways of parameter pre-determinations are attempted over gamma-SPM and gamma-GQM models. A couple of response-time (RT) distributions are focused on in the later part of this study. Two RT models, i.e. Ex-Gaussian (EMG) and inverse Gaussian (IVG) are used, for first time, as single models to describe headway data. The fitting performances are greatly comparable to the best known lognormal single model. Further extending this work, these two models are tested as followers headway distributions in both SPM and GQM mixed models. The test results have shown excellent fitting performance. These now bring researchers more alternatives to use mixed models in headway analysis, and this will help to compare the be- haviours of different models when they are used to describe followers headway data. Again, similar parameter restrictions are attempted for these new mixed models, and the results show well-acceptable performance, and also corrections on some unreasonable fittings caused by the over flexibilities using 4- or 5- parameter models.
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Goes, Adriano Almeida 1978. "Modelo de propagação empírico para sistemas RFID passivo = Emprirical propagation model for RFID passive systems." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/261045.
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Orientador: Paulo CardieriTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T02:54:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Goes_AdrianoAlmeida_D.pdf: 4041752 bytes, checksum: 3aebfc7442e100b6011a6873be01c5f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: Resultados de campanhas de medição realizadas visando o desenvolvimento de uma fer-ramenta para o projeto, implantação e análise de sistemas de RFID são mostrados nesse traba-lho. Particularmente, a perda de percurso de rádio a partir de um leitor de RFID até um TAG, e de volta para o leitor é caracterizada na banda 915 MHz, para diferentes distâncias de separação leitor-TAG, alturas de TAG e de antena do leitor. Vários cenários de propagação foram considerados, incluindo ambientes exteriores e in-teriores, para os quais foi colhido um extenso número medidas. Os dados de campo são, então, comparados a uma versão melhorada do modelo clássico perda caminho 2-ray, ajustada para incluir também os padrões de radiação da antena não omnidirecionais no leitor. Além disso, foi investigado, por meio da análise de medidas de campo, o efeito da mobi-lidade do TAG no sinal recebido no leitor. Para a coleta das medidas, foi construído um aparato composto de uma esteira de velocidade controlada, onde foram instalados TAGs de teste. Os resultados de medida mostraram que a mobilidade do TAG provoca uma diminuição do valor médio e um aumento da variância do sinal recebido no leitor. Essa atenuação extra e a variância do sinal não são fortemente afetadas pelo valor da velocidade. Por fim, esses efeitos de propagação são incorporados em um modelo matemático, que pode ser utilizado para a simulação e planejamento de sistemas RFID
Abstract: Results of measurement campaigns carried out aiming at the development of a tool for design, deployment, and analysis of RFID systems are shown. Particularly, the radio path loss from an RFID reader towards the test TAG and back to the reader is characterized at the 915 MHz band. The path loss is estimated based on the received signal strength measured at the reader, for different reader¿TAG separation distances and different antenna TAG heights. Several propagation scenarios have been considered, including outdoor and indoor environments for which an extensive number of typical real manufacturing plants have been chosen. The field data are then compared to a proposed novel, improved version of the classical 2-ray path loss model, adjusted to include non-omnidirectional antenna radiation patterns at the reader. In addition, the effect of TAG mobility in the received signal at the reader was also investigated, by means of field measurements. To collect the field measurements, an apparatus was designed and constructed, consisting of a mat of controlled speed, on which test TAGs were installed. The results showed that TAG mobility decreases the average value increases the variance of the received signal at the reader. This extra attenuation and the increased variance of the signal are not strongly affected by the value of speed. Finally, these two effects are incorporated into a mathematical model that can be used for simulation and planning of RFID systems
Doutorado
Telecomunicações e Telemática
Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica
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Nwi-Mozu, Isaac. "Robustness of Semi-Parametric Survival Model: Simulation Studies and Application to Clinical Data." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3618.
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An efficient way of analyzing survival clinical data such as cancer data is a great concern to health experts. In this study, we investigate and propose an efficient way of handling survival clinical data. Simulation studies were conducted to compare performances of various forms of survival model techniques using an R package ``survsim". Models performance was conducted with varying sample sizes as small ($n5000$). For small and mild samples, the performance of the semi-parametric outperform or approximate the performance of the parametric model. However, for large samples, the parametric model outperforms the semi-parametric model. We compared the effectiveness and reliability of our proposed techniques using a real clinical data of mild sample size. Finally, systematic steps on how to model and explain the proposed techniques on real survival clinical data was provided.
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Pouliot, George. "A Variable Resolution Nonhydrostatic Global Atmospheric Semi-implicit Semi-Lagrangian Model." NCSU, 2000. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-20000403-180910.
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ABSTRACTPOULIOT, GEORGE. A Variable Resolution Nonhydrostatic Global Atmospheric Semi-implicit Semi-Lagrangian Model. (Under the direction of Dr. Fredrick H.M. Semazzi.)The objective of this project is to develop a variable-resolution finite difference adiabatic global nonhydrostatic semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian (SISL) model based on the fully compressible nonhydrostatic atmospheric equations. To achieve this goal, a three-dimensional variable resolution dynamical core was developed and tested.The main characteristics of the dynamical core can be summarized as follows: Spherical coordinates were used in a global domain. A hydrostatic/nonhydrostatic switch was incorporated into the dynamical equations to use the fully compressible atmospheric equations. A generalized horizontal variable resolution grid was developed and incorporated into the model. For a variable resolution grid, in contrast to a uniform resolution grid, the order of accuracy of finite difference approximations is formally lost but remains close to the order of accuracy associated with the uniform resolution grid provided the grid stretching is not too significant. The SISL numerical scheme was implemented for the fully compressible set of equations. In addition, the generalized minimum residual (GMRES) method with restart and preconditioner was used to solve the three-dimensional elliptic equation derived from the discretized system of equations. The three-dimensional momentum equation was integrated in vector-form to incorporate the metric terms in the calculations of the trajectories. Using global re-analysis data for a specific test case, the model was compared to similar SISL models previously developed. Reasonable agreement between the model and the other independently developed models was obtained. The Held-Suarez test for dynamical cores was used for a long integration and the model was successfully integrated for up to 1200 days. Idealized topography was used to test the variable resolution component of the model. Nonhydrostatic effects were simulated at grid spacings of 400 meters with idealized topography and uniform flow. Using a high-resolution topographic data set and the variable resolution grid, sets of experiments with increasing resolution were performed over specific regions of interest. Using realistic initial conditions derived from re-analysis fields, nonhydrostatic effects were significant for grid spacings on the order of 0.1 degrees with orographic forcing. If the model code was adapted for use in a message passing interface (MPI) on a parallel supercomputer today, it was estimated that a global grid spacing of 0.1 degrees would be achievable for a global model. In this case, nonhydrostatic effects would be significant for most areas.A variable resolution grid in a global model provides a unified and flexible approach to many climate and numerical weather prediction problems. The ability to configure the model from very fine to very coarse resolutions allows for the simulation of atmospheric phenomena at different scales using the same code. We have developed a dynamical core illustrating the feasibility of using a variable resolution in a global model.
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Wendler, Tim Glenn. "Algebraic Semi-Classical Model for Reaction Dynamics." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5755.
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We use an algebraic method to model the molecular collision dynamics of a collinear triatomic system. Beginning with a forced oscillator, we develop a mathematical framework upon which inelastic and reactive collisions are modeled. The model is considered algebraic because it takes advantage of the properties of a Lie algebra in the derivation of a time-evolution operator. The time-evolution operator is shown to generate both phase-space and quantum dynamics of a forced oscillator simultaneously. The model is considered semi-classical because only the molecule's internal degrees-of-freedom are quantized. The relative translation between the colliding atom and molecule in an exchange reaction (AB+C ->A+BC) contains no bound states and any possible tunneling is neglected so the relative translation is treated classically. The purpose of this dissertation is to develop a working model for the quantum dynamics of a collinear reactive collision. After a reliable model is developed we apply statistical mechanics principles by averaging collisions with molecules in a thermal bath. The initial Boltzmann distribution is of the oscillator energies. The relative velocities of the colliding particles is considered a thermal average. Results are shown of quantum transition probabilities around the transition state that are highly dynamic due to the coupling between the translational and transverse coordinate.
24
Bulla, Jan. "Application of Hidden Markov and Hidden Semi-Markov Models to Financial Time Series." Doctoral thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2006. http://swbplus.bsz-bw.de/bsz260867136inh.pdf.
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Santos, Douglas Gomes dos. "Estimação de volatilidade em séries financeiras : modelos aditivos semi-paramétricos e GARCH." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/14892.
Full textAbstract:
A estimação e previsão da volatilidade de ativos são de suma importância para os mercados financeiros. Temas como risco e incerteza na teoria econômica moderna incentivaram a procura por métodos capazes de modelar uma variância condicional que evolui ao longo do tempo. O objetivo principal desta dissertação é comparar alguns métodos de regressão global e local quanto à extração da volatilidade dos índices Ibovespa e Standard and Poor´s 500. Para isto, são realizadas estimações e previsões com os modelos GARCH paramétricos e com os modelos aditivos semi-paramétricos. Os primeiros, tradicionalmente utilizados na estimação de segundos momentos condicionais, têm sua capacidade sugerida em diversos artigos. Os segundos provêm alta flexibilidade e descrições visualmente informativas das relações entre as variáveis, tais como assimetrias e não linearidades. Sendo assim, testar o desempenho dos últimos frente às estruturas paramétricas consagradas apresenta-se como uma investigação apropriada. A realização das comparações ocorre em períodos selecionados de alta volatilidade no mercado financeiro internacional (crises), sendo a performance dos modelos medida dentro e fora da amostra. Os resultados encontrados sugerem a capacidade dos modelos semi-paramétricos em estimar e prever a volatilidade dos retornos dos índices nos momentos analisados.Volatility estimation and forecasting are very important matters for the financial markets. Themes like risk and uncertainty in modern economic theory have encouraged the search for methods that allow for the modeling of time varying variances. The main objective of this dissertation is to compare global and local regressions in terms of their capacity to extract the volatility of Ibovespa and Standard and Poor 500 indexes. To achieve this aim, parametric GARCH and semiparametric additive models estimation and forecasting are performed. The first ones, traditionally applied in the estimation of conditional second moments, have their capacity suggested in many papers. The second ones provide high flexibility and visually informative descriptions of the relationships between the variables, like asymmetries and nonlinearities. Therefore, testing the last ones´ performance against the acknowledged parametric structures is an appropriate investigation. Comparisons are made in selected periods of high volatility in the international financial market (crisis), measuring the models´ performance inside and outside sample. The results that were found suggest the capacity of semiparametric models to estimate and forecast the Indexes returns´ volatility at the analyzed moments.
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Bond, S. A. "Dynamic models of semi-variance." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596758.
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The semi-variance is a measure of downside risk originally suggested by Markowitz (1959). More correctly termed a second order lower partial moment, it captures the volatility of a series below a target rate of return. Under a certain set of conditions, use of the variance provides the same result as using semi-variance. However, when there is asymmetry present in the distribution of returns and in the preferences of individuals, semi-variance is preferred. Despite the potential of such risk measures, little previous work has examined the most suitable form for a dynamic (conditional) model of a lower partial moment. A number of approaches to this problem suggest themselves, such as a regime model, distribution based model or even an OLS model. The development and evaluation of such models forms the central focus of this dissertation. After an introduction in Chapter 1, Chapter 2 introduces the concept of semi-variance in detail and provides a comparison of the sample properties of the estimators for semi-variance and variance. Furthermore, Chapter 2 develops an expression for the size of the relative (in)efficiency of the sample semi-variance under the assumptions of symmetry and asymmetry of returns. The subsequent three chapters consider the form of a conditional semi-variance model. Chapter 3 develops a family of regime models of downside risk based on the SETAR ARCH model (Tong 1990). The models developed are found to outperform GARCH models and are able to explicitly identify the semi-variance. The use of asymmetry conditional density functions in GARCH models is the focus of Chapter 4. More specifically, Chapter 4 develops a GARCH model based on the double gamma distribution. This distribution has the added advantage that the conditional semi-variance can be identified from the parameters of the density function. The model is applied to a set of foreign currencies with mixed results.
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Brefeld, Ulf. "Semi-supervised structured prediction models." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15748.
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Das Lernen aus strukturierten Eingabe- und Ausgabebeispielen ist die Grundlage für die automatisierte Verarbeitung natürlich auftretender Problemstellungen und eine Herausforderung für das Maschinelle Lernen. Die Einordnung von Objekten in eine Klassentaxonomie, die Eigennamenerkennung und das Parsen natürlicher Sprache sind mögliche Anwendungen. Klassische Verfahren scheitern an der komplexen Natur der Daten, da sie die multiplen Abhängigkeiten und Strukturen nicht erfassen können. Zudem ist die Erhebung von klassifizierten Beispielen in strukturierten Anwendungsgebieten aufwändig und ressourcenintensiv, während unklassifizierte Beispiele günstig und frei verfügbar sind. Diese Arbeit thematisiert halbüberwachte, diskriminative Vorhersagemodelle für strukturierte Daten. Ausgehend von klassischen halbüberwachten Verfahren werden die zugrundeliegenden analytischen Techniken und Algorithmen auf das Lernen mit strukturierten Variablen übertragen. Die untersuchten Verfahren basieren auf unterschiedlichen Prinzipien und Annahmen, wie zum Beispiel der Konsensmaximierung mehrerer Hypothesen im Lernen aus mehreren Sichten, oder der räumlichen Struktur der Daten im transduktiven Lernen. Desweiteren wird in einer Fallstudie zur Email-Batcherkennung die räumliche Struktur der Daten ausgenutzt und eine Lösung präsentiert, die der sequenziellen Natur der Daten gerecht wird. Aus den theoretischen Überlegungen werden halbüberwachte, strukturierte Vorhersagemodelle und effiziente Optmierungsstrategien abgeleitet. Die empirische Evaluierung umfasst Klassifikationsprobleme, Eigennamenerkennung und das Parsen natürlicher Sprache. Es zeigt sich, dass die halbüberwachten Methoden in vielen Anwendungen zu signifikant kleineren Fehlerraten führen als vollständig überwachte Baselineverfahren.Learning mappings between arbitrary structured input and output variables is a fundamental problem in machine learning. It covers many natural learning tasks and challenges the standard model of learning a mapping from independently drawn instances to a small set of labels. Potential applications include classification with a class taxonomy, named entity recognition, and natural language parsing. In these structured domains, labeled training instances are generally expensive to obtain while unlabeled inputs are readily available and inexpensive. This thesis deals with semi-supervised learning of discriminative models for structured output variables. The analytical techniques and algorithms of classical semi-supervised learning are lifted to the structured setting. Several approaches based on different assumptions of the data are presented. Co-learning, for instance, maximizes the agreement among multiple hypotheses while transductive approaches rely on an implicit cluster assumption. Furthermore, in the framework of this dissertation, a case study on email batch detection in message streams is presented. The involved tasks exhibit an inherent cluster structure and the presented solution exploits the streaming nature of the data. The different approaches are developed into semi-supervised structured prediction models and efficient optimization strategies thereof are presented. The novel algorithms generalize state-of-the-art approaches in structural learning such as structural support vector machines. Empirical results show that the semi-supervised algorithms lead to significantly lower error rates than their fully supervised counterparts in many application areas, including multi-class classification, named entity recognition, and natural language parsing.
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Bush, Christopher A. "Semi-parametric Bayesian linear models /." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487856076417948.
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Vasconcelos, Julio Cezar Souza. "Modelo linear parcial generalizado simétrico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11134/tde-26072017-105153/.
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Neste trabalho foi proposto o modelo linear parcial generalizado simétrico, com base nos modelos lineares parciais generalizados e nos modelos lineares simétricos, em que a variável resposta segue uma distribuição que pertence à família de distribuições simétricas, considerando um preditor linear que possui uma parte paramétrica e uma não paramétrica. Algumas distribuições que pertencem a essa classe são as distribuições: Normal, t-Student, Exponencial potência, Slash e Hiperbólica, dentre outras. Uma breve revisão dos conceitos utilizados ao longo do trabalho foram apresentados, a saber: análise residual, influência local, parâmetro de suavização, spline, spline cúbico, spline cúbico natural e algoritmo backfitting, dentre outros. Além disso, é apresentada uma breve teoria dos modelos GAMLSS (modelos aditivos generalizados para posição, escala e forma). Os modelos foram ajustados utilizando o pacote gamlss disponível no software livre R. A seleção de modelos foi baseada no critério de Akaike (AIC). Finalmente, uma aplicação é apresentada com base em um conjunto de dados reais da área financeira do Chile.In this work we propose the symmetric generalized partial linear model, based on the generalized partial linear models and symmetric linear models, that is, the response variable follows a distribution that belongs to the symmetric distribution family, considering a linear predictor that has a parametric and a non-parametric component. Some distributions that belong to this class are distributions: Normal, t-Student, Power Exponential, Slash and Hyperbolic among others. A brief review of the concepts used throughout the work was presented, namely: residual analysis, local influence, smoothing parameter, spline, cubic spline, natural cubic spline and backfitting algorithm, among others. In addition, a brief theory of GAMLSS models is presented (generalized additive models for position, scale and shape). The models were adjusted using the package gamlss available in the free R software. The model selection was based on the Akaike criterion (AIC). Finally, an application is presented based on a set of real data from Chile\'s financial area.
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Le, Roux Daniel Y. "A semi-Lagrangian finite element barotropic ocean model." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ44492.pdf.
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White, P. D. "Semi-synthetic model studies related to cytochrome c." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378247.
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Malsiner-Walli, Gertraud, Paul Hofmarcher, and Bettina Grün. "Semi-parametric Regression under Model Uncertainty: Economic Applications." Wiley, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/obes.12294.
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Economic theory does not always specify the functional relationship between dependent and explanatory variables, or even isolate a particular set of covariates. This means that model uncertainty is pervasive in empirical economics. In this paper, we indicate how Bayesian semi-parametric regression methods in combination with stochastic search variable selection can be used to address two model uncertainties simultaneously: (i) the uncertainty with respect to the variables which should be included in the model and (ii) the uncertainty with respect to the functional form of their effects. The presented approach enables the simultaneous identification of robust linear and nonlinear effects. The additional insights gained are illustrated on applications in empirical economics, namely willingness to pay for housing, and cross-country growth regression.
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NUNES, THIAGO RIBEIRO. "A MODEL FOR EXPLORATION OF SEMI-STRUCTURED DATASETS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=32904@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
Tarefas de exploração de informação são reconhecidas por possuir características tais como alta complexidade, falta de conhecimento do usuário sobre o domínio da tarefa e incertezas sobre as estratégias de solução. O estado-da-arte em exploração de dados inclui uma variedade de modelos e ferramentas baseadas em diferentes paradigmas de interação, como por exemplo, busca por palavras-chave, busca facetada e orientação-a-conjuntos. Não obstante os muitos avanços das últimas décadas, a falta de uma abordagem formal do processo de exploração, juntamente com a falta de uma adoção mais pragmática do princípio de separação-de-responsabilidades no design dessas ferramentas são a causa de muitas limitações. Dentre as limitações, essa tese aborda a falta de expressividade, caracterizada por restrições na gama de estratégias de solução possíveis, e dificuldades de análise e comparação entre as ferramentas propostas. A partir desta observação, o presente trabalho propõe um modelo formal de ações e processos de exploração, uma nova abordagem para o projeto de ferramentas de exploração e uma ferramenta que generaliza o estado-da-arte em exploração de informação. As avaliações do modelo, realizadas por meio de estudos de caso, análises e comparações o estado-da-arte, corroboram a utilidade da abordagem.
Information exploration processes are usually recognized by their inherent complexity, lack of knowledge and uncertainty, concerning both the domain and the solution strategies. Even though there has been much work on the development of computational systems supporting exploration tasks, such as faceted search and set-oriented interfaces, the lack of a formal understanding of the exploration process and the absence of a proper separation of concerns approach in the design phase is the cause of many expressivity issues and serious limitations. This work proposes a novel design approach of exploration tools based on a formal framework for representing exploration actions and processes. Moreover, we present a new exploration system that generalizes the majority of the state-of-the art exploration tools. The evaluation of the proposed framework is guided by case studies and comparisons with state-of-the-art tools. The results show the relevance of our approach both for the design of new exploration tools with higher expressiveness, and formal assessments and comparisons between different tools.
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Sirbone, Fabio Renato Camargo. "Modelagem semi-empírica de compressores herméticos alternativos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18147/tde-18072007-111535/.
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Neste trabalho aplica-se um método semi-empírico que utiliza uma técnica de otimização não linear para determinação das eficiências volumétrica e combinada do compressor hermético alternativo. Relações para estimar aproximadamente o fluxo de massa e a potência elétrica do compressor também são propostas. Todas estas características do compressor são calculadas através das relações físicas do modelo, empregadas nos cálculos de otimização. O método é implementado no software EES (Engineering Equation Solver) e baseia-se nos trabalhos de Jahing (1999) e Jahing et al. (2000). No presente método, cinco medições experimentais do fluxo de massa e potência elétrica são suficientes para determinar os parâmetros de ajuste do modelo. Este procedimento permite a geração de mapas de compressores satisfatórios sem a necessidade de um maior número de dados experimentais como no caso da norma ARI 540. Estes resultados obtidos com o modelo podem ser usados para o projeto de novos compressores.In the present work is applied a semi-empirical method that uses a non-linear optimization technique for determination of the volumetric and combined efficiencies of hermetic reciprocating compressor. Relations to approximately estimate the mass flow and the electric power of the compressor are also proposed. All these compressor characteristics are calculated through physical model relations, used in the optimization calculations. The method is implemented in the EES (Engineering Equation Solver) software and is based on the works of Jahing (1999) and Jahing et al. (2000). In the method, four experimental measurements of the mass flow and electric power are enough to determine the fitting parameters of the model. This procedure allows the generation of satisfactory compressor maps without the necessity of a higher number of experimental data, as in the case of norm ARI 540 application. The results obtained with the model can be used for the design of new compressors.
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Umsrithong, Anake. "Deterministic and Stochastic Semi-Empirical Transient Tire Models." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26270.
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The tire is one of the most important components of the vehicle. It has many functions, such as supporting the load of the vehicle, transmitting the forces which drive, brake and guide the vehicle, and acting as the secondary suspension to absorb the effect of road irregularities before transmitting the forces to the vehicle suspension. A tire is a complex reinforced rubber composite air container. The structure of the tire is very complex. It consists of several layers of synthetic polymer, many flexible filaments of high modulus cord, and glass fiber, which are bonded to a matrix of low modulus polymeric material. As the tire is the only component of the vehicle which makes contact with the road surface, almost all forces and moments acting on the vehicle must be transferred by the tire. To predict the dynamics of the vehicle, we need to know these forces and moments generated at the tire contact patch. Therefore, tire models that accurately describe this dynamic behavior are needed for vehicle dynamic simulation. Many researchers developed tire models for vehicle dynamic simulations; however, most of the development in tire modeling has been limited to deterministic steady-state on-road tire models.
The research conducted in this study is concerned with the development of semi-empirical transient tire models for on-road and off-road vehicle simulations. The semi-empirical transient tire model is developed based on existed tire models, analytical tire structure mechanics analysis, and experimental data collected by various researchers. The tire models were developed for vehicle traction, handling and ride analysis. The theoretical mechanics analysis of the tire model focused on the determination of tire and terrain deformation. Then, the results are used together with empirical data to calculate the force response and the moment response. Moreover, the influence of parametric uncertainties in tire parameters on the tire-terrain interaction is investigated. The parametric uncertainties are quantified and propagated through the tire models using a polynomial chaos theory with a collocation approach. To illustrate the capabilities of the tire models developed, both deterministic and stochastic tire models are simulated for various scenarios and maneuvers. Numerically simulated results are analyzed from the perspective of vehicle dynamics. Such an analysis can be used in tire and vehicle development and design.Ph. D.
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Torrent, Hudson da Silva. "Estimação não-paramétrica e semi-paramétrica de fronteiras de produção." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/25786.
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Existe uma grande e crescente literatura sobre especificação e estimação de fronteiras de produção e, portanto, de eficiência de unidades produtivas. Nesta tese, o foco esta sobre modelos de fronteiras determinísticas, os quais são baseados na hipótese de que os dados observados pertencem ao conjunto tecnológico. Dentre os modelos estatísticos e estimadores para fronteiras determinísticas existentes, uma abordagem promissora e a adotada por Martins-Filho e Yao (2007). Esses autores propõem um procedimento de estimação composto por três estágios. Esse estimador e de fácil implementação, visto que envolve procedimentos não-paramétricos bem conhecidos. Além disso, o estimador possui características desejáveis vis-à-vis estimadores para fronteiras determinísticas tradicionais como DEA e FDH. Nesta tese, três artigos, que melhoram o modelo proposto por Martins-Filho e Yao (2007), sao propostos. No primeiro artigo, o procedimento de estimação desses autores e melhorado a partir de uma variação do estimador exponencial local, proposto por Ziegelmann (2002). Demonstra-se que estimador proposto a consistente e assintoticamente normal. Além disso, devido ao estimador exponencial local, estimativas potencialmente negativas para a função de variância condicional, que poderiam prejudicar a aplicabilidade do estimador proposto por Martins-Filho e Yao, são evitadas. No segundo artigo, e proposto um método original para estimação de fronteiras de produção em apenas dois estágios. E mostrado que se pode eliminar o segundo estágio proposto por Martins-Filho e Yao, assim como, eliminar o segundo estagio proposto no primeiro artigo desta tese. Em ambos os casos, a estimação do mesmo modelo de fronteira de produção requer três estágios, sendo versões diferentes para o segundo estagio. As propriedades assintóticas do estimador proposto são analisadas, mostrando-se consistência e normalidade assintótica sob hipóteses razoáveis. No terceiro artigo, a proposta uma variação semi-paramétrica do modelo estudado no segundo artigo. Reescreve-se aquele modelo de modo que se possa estimar a fronteira de produção e a eficiência de unidades produtivas no contexto de múltiplos insumos, sem incorrer no curse of dimensionality. A abordagem adotada coloca o modelo na estrutura de modelos aditivos, a partir de hipóteses sobre como os insumos se combinam no processo produtivo. Em particular, considera-se aqui os casos de insumos aditivos e insumos multiplicativos, os quais são amplamente considerados em teoria econômica e aplicações. Estudos de Monte Carlo são apresentados em todos os artigos, afim de elucidar as propriedades dos estimadores propostos em amostras finitas. Além disso, estudos com dados reais são apresentados em todos os artigos, nos quais são estimador rankings de eficiência para uma amostra de departamentos policiais dos EUA, a partir de dados sobre criminalidade daquele país.There exists a large and growing literature on the specification and estimation of production frontiers and therefore efficiency of production units. In this thesis we focus on deterministic production frontier models, which are based on the assumption that all observed data lie in the technological set. Among the existing statistical models and estimators for deterministic frontiers, a promising approach is that of Martins-Filho and Yao (2007). They propose an estimation procedure that consists of three stages. Their estimator is fairly easy to implement as it involves standard nonparametric procedures. In addition, it has a number of desirable characteristics vis-a-vis traditional deterministic frontier estimators as DEA and FDH. In this thesis we propose three papers that improve the model proposed in Martins-Filho and Yao (2007). In the first paper we improve their estimation procedure by adopting a variant of the local exponential smoothing proposed in Ziegelmann (2002). Our estimator is shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal. In addition, due to local exponential smoothing, potential negativity of conditional variance functions that may hinder the use of Martins-Filho and Yao's estimator is avoided. In the second paper we propose a novel method for estimating production frontiers in only two stages. (Continue). There we show that we can eliminate the second stage of Martins-Filho and Yao as well as of our first paper, where estimation of the same frontier model requires three stages under different versions for the second stage. We study asymptotic properties showing consistency andNirtnin, asymptotic normality of our proposed estimator under standard assumptions. In the third paper we propose a semiparametric variation of the frontier model studied in the second paper. We rewrite that model allowing for estimating the production frontier and efficiency of production units in a multiple input context without suffering the curse of dimensionality. Our approach places that model within the framework of additive models based on assumptions regarding the way inputs combine in production. In particular, we consider the cases of additive and multiplicative inputs, which are widely considered in economic theory and applications. Monte Carlo studies are performed in all papers to shed light on the finite sample properties of the proposed estimators. Furthermore a real data study is carried out in all papers, from which we rank efficiency within a sample of USA Law Enforcement agencies using USA crime data.
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Santos, Franciane Mendonça dos. "Modelagem concentrada e semi-distribuída para simulação de vazão, produção de sedimentos e de contaminantes em bacias hidrográficas do interior de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-26112018-145857/.
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A escassez de dados hidrológicos no Brasil é um problema recorrente em muitas regiões, principalmente em se tratando de dados hidrométricos, produção de sedimentos e qualidade da água. A pesquisa por modelos de bacias hidrográficas tem aumentado nas últimas décadas, porém, a estimativa de dados hidrossedimentológicos a partir de modelos mais sofisticados demanda de grande número de variáveis, que devem ser ajustadas para cada sistema natural, o que dificulta a sua aplicação. O objetivo principal desta tese foi avaliar diferentes ferramentas de modelagem utilizadas para a estimativa da vazão, produção de sedimentos e qualidade da água e, em particular, comparar os resultados obtidos de um modelo hidrológico físico semi-distribuído, o Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) com os resultados obtidos a partir de modelos hidrológicos concentrados, com base na metodologia do número da curva de escoamento do Soil Conservation Service (SCS-CN) e no modelo Generalized Watershed Loading Function (GWLF). Buscou-se avaliar e apresentar em quais condições o uso de cada modelo deve ser recomendado, ou seja, quando o esforço necessário para executar o modelo semi-distribuído leva a melhores resultados efetivos. Em relação à simulação da vazão, os resultados dos dois modelos foram altamente influenciados pelos dados de precipitação, indicando que existem, possivelmente, falhas ou erros de medição que poderiam ter influenciado negativamente os resultados. Portanto, foi proposto aplicar o modelo semi-distribuído com dados de precipitação interpolados (DPI) de alta resolução para verificar a eficiência de seus resultados em comparação com os resultados obtidos com a utilização dos dados de precipitação observados (DPO). Para simulação da produção de sedimentos, e das concentrações de nitrogênio e fósforo, o SWAT realiza uma simulação hidrológica mais detalhada, portanto, fornece resultados ligeiramente melhores para parâmetros de qualidade da água. O uso do modelo semi-distribuído também foi ampliado para simular uma bacia hidrográfica sob a influência do reservatório, a fim de verificar a potencialidade do modelo para esse propósito. Os modelos também foram aplicados para identificar quais os impactos potenciais das mudanças no uso do solo previstas e em andamento. Os cenários estudados foram: I – cenário atual, II – cenário tendencial, com o aumento da mancha urbana e substituição do solo exposto e de parte da mata nativa por uso agrícola; III – cenário desejável, complementa o crescimento urbano tendencial com aumento de áreas de reflorestamento. As metodologias foram aplicadas em duas bacias hidrográficas localizadas no Sudeste do Brasil. A primeira é a bacia do rio Jacaré-Guaçu, incluída na Unidade de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos 13 (UGRHI-13), a montante da confluência do rio das Cruzes, com uma área de 1934 km2. O segundo caso de estudo, é a bacia do rio Atibaia, inserida na UGRHI-5, tem uma área de 2817,88 km2 e abrange municípios dos estados de São Paulo e Minas Gerais. Como principal conclusão, o desempenho do modelo semi-distribuído para estimar a produção de sedimentos, e as concentrações de nitrogênio e fósforo foi ligeiramente melhor do que as simulações do modelo concentrado SCS-CN e GWLF, mas essa vantagem pode não compensar o esforço adicional de calibrá-lo e validá-lo.The lack of hydrological data in Brazil is a recurrent problem in many regions, especially in hydrometric data, sediment yield and water quality. The research by simplified models has increased in the last decades, however, the estimation of hydrossedimentological data from these more sophisticated models demands many variables, which must be adjusted for each natural system, which makes it difficult to apply. At times it is necessary to respond quickly without much precision in the results, in these situations, simpler models with few parameters can be the solution. The objective of this research is to evaluate different modelling tools used estimate streamflow, sediments yield and nutrients loads values, and namely to compare the results obtained from a physically-based distributed hydrological model (SWAT) with the results from a lumped hydrological, the Soil Conservation Service (SCS-CN) and the Generalized Watershed Loading Function (GWLF) model. Both models use the curve number (CN) concept, determined from land use, soil hydrologic group and antecedent soil moisture conditions and were run with a daily time step. We are particularly interested in understanding under which conditions the use of each model is to be recommended, namely when does the addition effort required to run the distributed model leads to effective better results. The input variables and parameters of the lumped model are assumed constant throughout the watershed, while the SWAT model performs the hydrological analysis at a small unit level, designated as hydrological response units (HRUs), and integrates the results at a sub-basin level. In relation to the flow simulation, the results of the two models were highly influenced by the rainfall data, indicating that, possibly, faults or measurement errors could have negatively influenced the results. Therefore, it was proposed to apply the distributed model with high-resolution grids of daily precipitation to verify the efficiency of its results when compared to rainfall data. For simulation of sediment, nitrogen and phosphorus, SWAT performs a more detailed simulation and thus provides slightly better results. The use of the SWAT was also extended to simulate the influence of reservoir, in order to verify the potentiality of the model, in relation to the simulation. The models also were used to identify which are potential impacts of the ongoing land use changes. The scenarios were: I - Current scenario, II - trend scenario, with the increase of urban land and replacement of the exposed soil and part of the native forest by agricultural use; III - desirable scenario complements the trend urban growth with the replacement of exposed soil and part of the agricultural use by reforestation. The methodologies were applied on two watersheds located in the Southeast of Brazil. The first one is the Jacaré-Guaçu river basin, included in the Water Resources Management Unit 13 (UGRHI-13), upstream of Cruzes river confluence, with an area of 1934 km2. The second watershed is the Atibaia River Basin, a part of Water Resources Management Unit 5 (UGRHI-5). It has an area of 2817.88 km2 and covers municipalities of the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais.
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Premer, Stefan, and Brenda Nansubuga. "Organisational Learning in Business Model Innovation in the Bottom of Pyramid market : An empirical fieldwork about the market introduction of clean cookstoves in Mozambique." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-148135.
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There is a need for cleaner technology initiatives into the Bottom of the Pyramid (BoP) market to combat the effects of climate change. The difficulty of these initiatives lies in their business model innovation process, as those organisations struggle in finding adequate strategies to establish their business in the BoP market. The BoP market is characterised as highly uncertain, which makes the operation of businesses challenging. Hereby the thesis aims at answering the question on how organisational learning occurs in business model innovation in the BoP market. Through a case study approach, the thesis intends to understand the requirements to establish a functioning business model by analysing organisational learning under business model innovation within the BoP market. This has been realised through a three week field study in Northern Mozambique, observing the market introduction of a cleantech company operating in this context. Hereby the business model innovation process and the environment of operation was analysed. This research contributes to the current discussion of business model innovation in BoP markets by detecting organisational learning as a useful mechanism and adding relevant insights on how organisational learning occurs in this specific context. Therefore the study opens the discussion on organisational learning in business model innovation in the context of the BoP market by asking for further studies on the topic.
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Das, Sourav. "Models of semi-systematic visual search." Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1181250703/.
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Trommershäuser, Julia. "A semi-microscopic model of synaptic transmission and plasticity." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=963474626.
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Mockelman, Jeffrey A. (Jeffrey Alan). "Semi-analytical model of ionization oscillations in Hall thrusters." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/98810.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 107-108).
This thesis presents efforts to better understand the breathing-mode oscillation within Hall thrusters. These oscillations have been present and accepted within Hall thrusters for decades, but recent interest in the oscillation has occurred partly due to a possible connection between wall erosion and the oscillations. The first part of this thesis details a steady model of the ionization region in a Hall thruster that finds existence criteria for the steady solution under the hypothesis that the steady limits match the smooth sonic passage limits. Operation outside these limits would correspond to unsteady behavior which could result in either a periodic oscillatory behavior or plume extinguishment. To distinguish between periodic behavior and thruster extinguishment, an unsteady model of the ionization region is developed, but this model falls short of its goal. The transient model, however, is still useful for observation of the periodic nature of an oscillating Hall thruster. Next, an anode depletion model for Hall thrusters is formulated. This model explores one of the causes of thruster extinguishment, when the plasma cannot reach the anode. Finally, a new method for performing Boron Nitride erosion measurements is discussed and preliminary results are presented. This method imbeds Lithium ions into Boron Nitride. The depth of the Lithium can be measured before and after erosion or deposition to give a net erosion or accumulation measurement.
by Jeffrey A. Mockelman.
S.M.
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Bhattacharjee, Binita 1976. "Kinetic model reduction using integer and semi-infinite programming." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/30062.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, February 2004.MIT Science Library copy in pages.
Also issued in pages.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 147-155).
In this work an optimization-based approach to kinetic model reduction was studied with a view to generating reduced-model libaries for reacting-flow simulations. A linear integer formulation of the reaction elimination problem was developed in order to allow the model reduction problem to be solved cheaply and robustly to guaranteed global optimality. When compared with three other conventional reaction-elimination methods, only the integer-programming approach consistently identified the smallest reduced model which satisfies user-specified accuracy criteria. The proposed reaction elimination formulation was solved to generate model libraries for both, homogeneous combustion systems, and 2-D laminar flames. Good agreement was observed between the reaction trajectories predicted by the full mechanism and the reduced model library. For kinetic mechanisms having many more reactions than species, the computational speedup associated with reaction elimination was found to scale linearly with the size of the derived reduced model. Speedup factors of 4-90 were obtained for a variety of different mechanisms and reaction conditions. The integer-programming based reduction approach was tested successfully on large-scale mechanisms comprising up to [approximately] 2500 reactions. The problem of identifying optimal (maximum) ranges of validity for point-reduced kinetic models was also investigated. A number of different formulations for the range problem were proposed, all of which were shown to be variants of a standard semi-infinite program (SIP). Conventional algorithms for nonlinear semi-infinite programs are essentially all lower-bounding methods which cannot guarantee the feasibility of an incumbent at finite termination.
(cont.) Thus, they cannot be used to identify rigorous ranges of validity for reduced kinetic models. In the second part of this thesis, inclusion functions were used to develop an inner approximation method which generates a convergent series of feasible upper bounds on the minimum value of a smooth, non-linear semi-infinite program. The inclusion-constrained reformulation approach was applied successfully to a number of test problems in the SIP literature. The new upper-bounding approach was then combined with existing lower-bounding methods in a branch-and-bound framework which allows smooth nonlinear semi-infinite programs to be solved finitely to [epsilon]-optimality. The branch-and-bound algorithm was also tested on a number of small literature examples. In the final chapter of the thesis, extensions of the existing algorithm and code to solve practical engineering problems, including the range identification problem, were considered.
by Binita Bhattacharjee.
Ph.D.
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Clertant, Matthieu. "Semi-parametric bayesian model, applications in dose finding studies." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066230/document.
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Les Phases I sont un domaine des essais cliniques dans lequel les statisticiens ont encore beaucoup à apporter. Depuis trente ans, ce secteur bénéficie d'un intérêt croissant et de nombreuses méthodes ont été proposées pour gérer l'allocation séquentielle des doses aux patients intégrés à l'étude. Durant cette Phase, il s'agit d'évaluer la toxicité, et s'adressant à des patients gravement atteints, il s'agit de maximiser les effets curatifs du traitement dont les retours toxiques sont une conséquence. Parmi une gamme de doses, on cherche à déterminer celle dont la probabilité de toxicité est la plus proche d'un seuil souhaité et fixé par les praticiens cliniques. Cette dose est appelée la MTD (maximum tolerated dose). La situation canonique dans laquelle sont introduites la plupart des méthodes consiste en une gamme de doses finie et ordonnée par probabilité de toxicité croissante. Dans cette thèse, on introduit une modélisation très générale du problème, la SPM (semi-parametric methods), qui recouvre une large classe de méthodes. Cela permet d'aborder des questions transversales aux Phases I. Quels sont les différents comportements asymptotiques souhaitables? La MTD peut-elle être localisée? Comment et dans quelles circonstances? Différentes paramétrisations de la SPM sont proposées et testées par simulations. Les performances obtenues sont comparables, voir supérieures à celles des méthodes les plus éprouvées. Les résultats théoriques sont étendus au cas spécifique de l'ordre partiel. La modélisation de la SPM repose sur un traitement hiérarchique inférentiel de modèles satisfaisant des contraintes linéaires de paramètres inconnus. Les aspects théoriques de cette structure sont décrits dans le cas de lois à supports discrets. Dans cette circonstance, de vastes ensembles de lois peuvent aisément être considérés, cela permettant d'éviter les cas de mauvaises spécificationsPhase I clinical trials is an area in which statisticians have much to contribute. For over 30 years, this field has benefited from increasing interest on the part of statisticians and clinicians alike and several methods have been proposed to manage the sequential inclusion of patients to a study. The main purpose is to evaluate the occurrence of dose limiting toxicities for a selected group of patients with, typically, life threatening disease. The goal is to maximize the potential for therapeutic success in a situation where toxic side effects are inevitable and increase with increasing dose. From a range of given doses, we aim to determine the dose with a rate of toxicity as close as possible to some threshold chosen by the investigators. This dose is called the MTD (maximum tolerated dose). The standard situation is where we have a finite range of doses ordered with respect to the probability of toxicity at each dose. In this thesis we introduce a very general approach to modeling the problem - SPM (semi-parametric methods) - and these include a large class of methods. The viewpoint of SPM allows us to see things in, arguably, more relevant terms and to provide answers to questions such as asymptotic behavior. What kind of behavior should we be aiming for? For instance, can we consistently estimate the MTD? How, and under which conditions? Different parametrizations of SPM are considered and studied theoretically and via simulations. The obtained performances are comparable, and often better, to those of currently established methods. We extend the findings to the case of partial ordering in which more than one drug is under study and we do not necessarily know how all drug pairs are ordered. The SPM model structure leans on a hierarchical set-up whereby certain parameters are linearly constrained. The theoretical aspects of this structure are outlined for the case of distributions with discrete support. In this setting the great majority of laws can be easily considered and this enables us to avoid over restrictive specifications than can results in poor behavior
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Hong, Jiazheng. "A Semi-Analytical Load Distribution Model of Spline Joints." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1426110670.
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Scardovi, Elena <1987>. "Rainfall spatial predictions: a two-part model and its assessment." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6744/.
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Spatial prediction of hourly rainfall via radar calibration is addressed. The change of support problem (COSP), arising when the spatial supports of different data sources do not coincide, is faced in a non-Gaussian setting; in fact, hourly rainfall in Emilia-Romagna region, in Italy, is characterized by abundance of zero values and right-skeweness of the distribution of positive amounts. Rain gauge direct measurements on sparsely distributed locations and hourly cumulated radar grids are provided by the ARPA-SIMC Emilia-Romagna. We propose a three-stage Bayesian hierarchical model for radar calibration, exploiting rain gauges as reference measure. Rain probability and amounts are modeled via linear relationships with radar in the log scale; spatial correlated Gaussian effects capture the residual information. We employ a probit link for rainfall probability and Gamma distribution for rainfall positive amounts; the two steps are joined via a two-part semicontinuous model. Three model specifications differently addressing COSP are presented; in particular, a stochastic weighting of all radar pixels, driven by a latent Gaussian process defined on the grid, is employed. Estimation is performed via MCMC procedures implemented in C, linked to R software.
Communication and evaluation of probabilistic, point and interval predictions is investigated. A non-randomized PIT histogram is proposed for correctly assessing calibration and coverage of two-part semicontinuous models. Predictions obtained with the different model specifications are evaluated via graphical tools (Reliability Plot, Sharpness Histogram, PIT Histogram, Brier Score Plot and Quantile Decomposition Plot), proper scoring rules (Brier Score, Continuous Rank Probability Score) and consistent scoring functions (Root Mean Square Error and Mean Absolute Error addressing the predictive mean and median, respectively). Calibration is reached and the inclusion of neighbouring information slightly improves predictions. All specifications outperform a benchmark model with incorrelated effects, confirming the relevance of spatial correlation for modeling rainfall probability and accumulation.
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Pignotti, Elettra <1958>. "Parameter estimation in a growth model for a biological population." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5169/.
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The motivating problem concerns the estimation of the growth curve of solitary corals that follow the nonlinear Von Bertalanffy Growth Function (VBGF). The most common parameterization of the VBGF for corals is based on two parameters: the ultimate length L∞ and the growth rate k. One aim was to find a more reliable method for estimating these parameters, which can capture the influence of environmental covariates. The main issue with current methods is that they force the linearization of VBGF and neglect intra-individual variability. The idea was to use the hierarchical nonlinear model which has the appealing features of taking into account the influence of collection sites, possible intra-site measurement correlation and variance heterogeneity, and that can handle the influence of environmental factors and all the reliable information that might influence coral growth. This method was used on two databases of different solitary corals i.e. Balanophyllia europaea and Leptopsammia pruvoti, collected in six different sites in different environmental conditions, which introduced a decisive improvement in the results. Nevertheless, the theory of the energy balance in growth ascertains the linear correlation of the two parameters and the independence of the ultimate length L∞ from the influence of environmental covariates, so a further aim of the thesis was to propose a new parameterization based on the ultimate length and parameter c which explicitly describes the part of growth ascribable to site-specific conditions such as environmental factors. We explored the possibility of estimating these parameters characterizing the VBGF new parameterization via the nonlinear hierarchical model. Again there was a general improvement with respect to traditional methods. The results of the two parameterizations were similar, although a very slight improvement was observed in the new one. This is, nevertheless, more suitable from a theoretical point of view when considering environmental covariates.
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Huss, Anders. "Hybrid Model Approach to Appliance Load Disaggregation : Expressive appliance modelling by combining convolutional neural networks and hidden semi Markov models." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-179200.
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The increasing energy consumption is one of the greatest environmental challenges of our time. Residential buildings account for a considerable part of the total electricity consumption and is further a sector that is shown to have large savings potential. Non Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM), i.e. the deduction of the electricity consumption of individual home appliances from the total electricity consumption of a household, is a compelling approach to deliver appliance specific consumption feedback to consumers. This enables informed choices and can promote sustainable and cost saving actions. To achieve this, accurate and reliable appliance load disaggregation algorithms must be developed. This Master's thesis proposes a novel approach to tackle the disaggregation problem inspired by state of the art algorithms in the field of speech recognition. Previous approaches, for sampling frequencies Den ökande energikonsumtionen är en stor utmaning för en hållbar utveckling. Bostäder står för en stor del av vår totala elförbrukning och är en sektor där det påvisats stor potential för besparingar. Non Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM), dvs. härledning av hushållsapparaters individuella elförbrukning utifrån ett hushålls totala elförbrukning, är en tilltalande metod för att fortlöpande ge detaljerad information om elförbrukningen till hushåll. Detta utgör ett underlag för medvetna beslut och kan bidraga med incitament för hushåll att minska sin miljöpåverakan och sina elkostnader. För att åstadkomma detta måste precisa och tillförlitliga algoritmer för el-disaggregering utvecklas. Denna masteruppsats föreslår ett nytt angreppssätt till el-disaggregeringsproblemet, inspirerat av ledande metoder inom taligenkänning. Tidigare angreppsätt inom NILM (i frekvensområdet
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Donno, Annalisa <1983>. "Multidimensional Measures of Firm Competitiveness: a Model-Based Approach." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5173/.
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The concept of competitiveness, for a long time considered as strictly connected to economic and financial performances, evolved, above all in recent years, toward new, wider interpretations disclosing its multidimensional nature.
The shift to a multidimensional view of the phenomenon has excited an intense debate involving theoretical reflections on the features characterizing it, as well as methodological considerations on its assessment and measurement.
The present research has a twofold objective: going in depth with the study of tangible and intangible aspect characterizing multidimensional competitive phenomena by assuming a micro-level point of view, and measuring competitiveness through a model-based approach.
Specifically, we propose a non-parametric approach to Structural Equation Models techniques for the computation of multidimensional composite measures.
Structural Equation Models tools will be used for the development of the empirical application on the italian case: a model based micro-level competitiveness indicator for the measurement of the phenomenon on a large sample of Italian small and medium enterprises will be constructed.
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Odstrčil, Aleš. "Semi-aktivní tlumicí jednotka vozidla." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417417.
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This diploma thesis deals with the issue of semi-active damping and its use in trucks. The first part of this thesis deals with a research of existing damping systems, especially for trucks. Subsequently, different ways of damping control are compared. After this analysis, two versions of the conversion of the series dumper to semi-active were created. At the end of this work, both versions are compared.
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Castelli, Francesca <1982>. "Econometric models of financial risks." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4274/.
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The goal of this dissertation is to use statistical tools to analyze specific financial risks that have played dominant roles in the US financial crisis of 2008-2009.
The first risk relates to the level of aggregate stress in the financial markets. I estimate the impact of financial stress on economic activity and monetary policy using structural VAR analysis.
The second set of risks concerns the US housing market. There are in fact two prominent risks associated with a US mortgage, as borrowers can both prepay or default on a mortgage. I test the existence of unobservable heterogeneity in the borrower's decision to default or prepay on his mortgage by estimating a multinomial logit model with borrower-specific random coefficients.