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Academic literature on the topic 'Seaweed disease'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Seaweed disease"

1

Meinita, Maria Dyah Nur, Dicky Harwanto, and Jae-Suk Choi. "Seaweed Exhibits Therapeutic Properties against Chronic Diseases: An Overview." Applied Sciences 12, no. 5 (March 3, 2022): 2638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12052638.

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Seaweeds or marine macroalgae are known for producing potentially bioactive substances that exhibit a wide range of nutritional, therapeutic, and nutraceutical properties. These compounds can be applied to treat chronic diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, neurodegenerative diseases, and diabetes mellitus. Several studies have shown that consumption of seaweeds in Asian countries, such as Japan and Korea, has been correlated with a lower incidence of chronic diseases. In this study, we conducted a review of published papers on seaweed consumption and chronic diseases. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method for this study. We identified and screened research articles published between 2000 and 2021. We used PubMed and ScienceDirect databases and identified 107 articles. This systematic review discusses the potential use of bioactive compounds of seaweed to treat chronic diseases and identifies gaps where further research in this field is needed. In this review, the therapeutic and nutraceutical properties of seaweed for the treatment of chronic diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, obesity, diabetes, cancer, liver disease, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and arthritis were discussed. We concluded that further study on the identification of bioactive compounds of seaweed, and further study at a clinical level, are needed.
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Campbell, Iona, Cicilia S. B. Kambey, Jonalyn P. Mateo, Sadock B. Rusekwa, Anicia Q. Hurtado, Flower E. Msuya, Grant D. Stentiford, and Elizabeth J. Cottier-Cook. "Biosecurity policy and legislation for the global seaweed aquaculture industry." Journal of Applied Phycology 32, no. 4 (December 26, 2019): 2133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-019-02010-5.

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AbstractEach year a significant proportion of global food production is lost to pests and diseases, with concerted efforts by government and industry focussed on application of effective biosecurity policies which attempt to minimise their emergence and spread. In aquaculture the volume of seaweeds produced is second only to farmed fish and red algal carrageenophytes currently represent approximately 42% of global production of all seaweeds. Despite this importance, expansion of the seaweed sector is increasingly limited by the high prevalence of recalcitrant diseases and epiphytic pests with potential to emerge and with the demonstrated propensity to spread, particularly in the absence of effective national and international biosecurity policies. Developing biosecurity policy and legislation to manage biosecurity risk in seaweed aquaculture is urgently required to limit these impacts. To understand current international biosecurity frameworks and their efficacy, existing legislative frameworks were analysed quantitatively for the content of biosecurity measures, applicability to the seaweed industry, and inclusion of risks posed by diseases, pests and non-native species. Deficiencies in existing frameworks included the following: inconsistent terminology for inclusion of cultivated seaweeds, unclear designation of implementation responsibility, insufficient evidence-based information and limited alignment of biosecurity hazards and risks. Given the global importance of the cultivation of various seaweeds in alleviating poverty in low and middle income countries, it is crucial that the relatively low-unit value of the industry (i.e. as compared with other aquatic animal sectors) should not conflate with a perceived low risk of disease or pest transfer, nor the subsequent economic and environmental impact that disease transfer may impact on receiving nations (well beyond their seaweed operations). Developing a clear basis for development of robust international biosecurity policies related to the trade in seaweeds arising from the global aquaculture industry, by first addressing the gaps highlighted in this study, will be crucial in limiting impacts of pests and diseases on this valuable industry and on natural capital in locations where seaweeds are farmed.
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Darwin C. Biag, Jansen C. Cuadro, John Christopher C. Nolial, Ronald O. De Lemios, Christian Lennon T. Edoria, Richmond S. Hombre, John Cris S. Sape, Marlon R. Visitacion, and Lucy O. Elep, Jr. "How to prevent early onset of Epiphytes and ‘Ice-Ice’ disease in cultivated seaweeds (Kappaphycus), Camarines Norte, Philippines." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 21, no. 1 (October 30, 2022): 074–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2022.21.1.0382.

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This brief research focused on the incidence of ice-ice diseases (IID) and epiphyte infestation (EI) in cultured seaweeds (Kappaphycus spp.), identifying a doable strategy to prevent early development and outbreaks. An assessment of the prevalence of IID and EI was carried out on 29 seaweed farms, taking notes on the stage of culture and current farming practice. The findings revealed that the onset of IID and EI occurs during the early stages of out-planting as a result of stressors acquired during the transplanting procedure. Because seedlings are lightweight after cutting and current flotation methods are inadequate, newly planted seaweeds are exposed to the surface and direct sunlight for an extended period during wave action, resulting in a high incidence of EI and IID. Therefore, a bamboo spacer (BS) is being proposed to be incorporated into floaters to prevent the early development of IID and EI in newly out-planted seaweeds. BS can aid in maintaining proper depth, improving seaweed line movement, preventing entanglement, and keeping seaweed from being exposed to the surface and direct sunlight.
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Cherry, Paul, Supriya Yadav, Conall R. Strain, Philip J. Allsopp, Emeir M. McSorley, R. Paul Ross, and Catherine Stanton. "Prebiotics from Seaweeds: An Ocean of Opportunity?" Marine Drugs 17, no. 6 (June 1, 2019): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17060327.

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Seaweeds are an underexploited and potentially sustainable crop which offer a rich source of bioactive compounds, including novel complex polysaccharides, polyphenols, fatty acids, and carotenoids. The purported efficacies of these phytochemicals have led to potential functional food and nutraceutical applications which aim to protect against cardiometabolic and inflammatory risk factors associated with non-communicable diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and some cancers. Concurrent understanding that perturbations of gut microbial composition and metabolic function manifest throughout health and disease has led to dietary strategies, such as prebiotics, which exploit the diet-host-microbe paradigm to modulate the gut microbiota, such that host health is maintained or improved. The prebiotic definition was recently updated to “a substrate that is selectively utilised by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit”, which, given that previous discussion regarding seaweed prebiotics has focused upon saccharolytic fermentation, an opportunity is presented to explore how non-complex polysaccharide components from seaweeds may be metabolised by host microbial populations to benefit host health. Thus, this review provides an innovative approach to consider how the gut microbiota may utilise seaweed phytochemicals, such as polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and carotenoids, and provides an updated discussion regarding the catabolism of seaweed-derived complex polysaccharides with potential prebiotic activity. Additional in vitro screening studies and in vivo animal studies are needed to identify potential prebiotics from seaweeds, alongside untargeted metabolomics to decipher microbial-derived metabolites from seaweeds. Furthermore, controlled human intervention studies with health-related end points to elucidate prebiotic efficacy are required.
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Msuya, Flower E., John Bolton, Fred Pascal, Koushul Narrain, Betty Nyonje, and Elizabeth J. Cottier-Cook. "Seaweed farming in Africa: current status and future potential." Journal of Applied Phycology 34, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 985–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-021-02676-w.

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Abstract Global demand for seaweed and its products has increased exponentially over the last 25 years. Equally, the continent of Africa and its offshore islands have considerable potential for seaweed production to contribute to world demand. Compared with China and the rest of Asia, Africa lags behind in seaweed production and utilisation. However, for red eucheumatoid seaweeds, Africa is the third-largest producer in the world, producing about 120,000 t (FW) annually. Details are provided for 13 African countries that are currently involved in seaweed farming and harvesting, commercially or experimentally, for export or domestic utilisation. Eucheuma spp. and Kappaphycus spp. in Tanzania represent 92% and in Madagascar 4.7% of continental production, and Ulva spp. and Gracilaria spp. in South Africa represent 1.5%. Over 2000 species of seaweed have been recorded in Africa, some of which are already successfully cultivated in other parts of the world. The environmental conditions across the continent range from warm, tropical waters to the cooler, nutrient-rich waters of the southwest, enabling the cultivation of seaweeds from the tropical, carrageenan-producing eucheumatoids to temperate kelp species. Seaweed aquaculture production in Africa, led predominantly by women, has improved the livelihoods of its coastal people. Challenges through disease and pest outbreaks, as a result of climate change, and the low prices paid to farmers are highlighted as major constraints on the development of this industry. Through scaling up and expanding current efforts in production and utilisation of seaweeds, Africa has the potential to join China and Southeast Asia as a global leader in producing, processing and consuming a wide variety of seaweeds.
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Aires, Tania, Alexandra Serebryakova, Frédérique Viard, Ester A. Serrão, and Aschwin H. Engelen. "Acidification increases abundances ofVibrionalesandPlanctomycetiaassociated to a seaweed-grazer system: potential consequences for disease and prey digestion efficiency." PeerJ 6 (March 30, 2018): e4377. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4377.

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Ocean acidification significantly affects marine organisms in several ways, with complex interactions. Seaweeds might benefit from rising CO2through increased photosynthesis and carbon acquisition, with subsequent higher growth rates. However, changes in seaweed chemistry due to increased CO2may change the nutritional quality of tissue for grazers. In addition, organisms live in close association with a diverse microbiota, which can also be influenced by environmental changes, with feedback effects. As gut microbiomes are often linked to diet, changes in seaweed characteristics and associated microbiome can affect the gut microbiome of the grazer, with possible fitness consequences. In this study, we experimentally investigated the effects of acidification on the microbiome of the invasive brown seaweedSargassum muticumand a native isopod consumerSynisoma nadejda. Both were exposed to ambient CO2conditions (380 ppm, pH 8.16) and an acidification treatment (1,000 ppm, pH 7.86) for three weeks. Microbiome diversity and composition were determined using high-throughput sequencing of the variable regions V5-7 of 16S rRNA. We anticipated that as a result of acidification, the seaweed-associated bacterial community would change, leading to further changes in the gut microbiome of grazers. However, no significant effects of elevated CO2on the overall bacterial community structure and composition were revealed in the seaweed. In contrast, significant changes were observed in the bacterial community of the grazer gut. Although the bacterial community ofS. muticumas whole did not change,OceanospirillalesandVibrionales(mainlyPseudoalteromonas) significantly increased their abundance in acidified conditions. The former, which uses organic matter compounds as its main source, may have opportunistically taken advantage of the possible increase of the C/N ratio in the seaweed under acidified conditions.Pseudoalteromonas,commonly associated to diseased seaweeds, suggesting that acidification may facilitate opportunistic/pathogenic bacteria. In the gut ofS. nadejda,the bacterial genusPlanctomycetiaincreased abundance under elevated CO2. This shift might be associated to changes in food (S. muticum) quality under acidification.Planctomycetiaare slow-acting decomposers of algal polymers that could be providing the isopod with an elevated algal digestion and availability of inorganic compounds to compensate the shifted C/N ratio under acidification in their food.In conclusion, our results indicate that even after only three weeks of acidified conditions, bacterial communities associated to ungrazed seaweed and to an isopod grazer show specific, differential shifts in associated bacterial community. These have potential consequences for seaweed health (as shown in corals) and isopod food digestion. The observed changes in the gut microbiome of the grazer seem to reflect changes in the seaweed chemistry rather than its microbial composition.
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Murai, Utako, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Mizuki Sata, Yoshihiro Kokubo, Isao Saito, Hiroshi Yatsuya, Junko Ishihara, et al. "Seaweed intake and risk of cardiovascular disease: the Japan Public Health Center–based Prospective (JPHC) Study." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 110, no. 6 (September 13, 2019): 1449–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqz231.

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ABSTRACT Background The minerals, vitamins, soluble dietary fibers, and flavonoids of seaweed are protective for preventing cardiovascular diseases. However, the association between seaweed intake and risk of cardiovascular disease has not been established. Objectives We examined the dietary intake of seaweed and its impact upon stroke and ischemic heart disease risk among a Japanese study population. Methods We surveyed 40,707 men and 45,406 women from 2 large cohorts (age range: 40–69 y). Seaweed intake was determined by FFQ at baseline (1990–1994). Incidences of stroke and ischemic heart disease were ascertained until the end of 2009 (Cohort I) or 2012 (Cohort II). Sex-specific cardiovascular disease HRs (95% CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models after stratification by area and adjustment for cardiovascular disease risk and dietary factors. Results During 1,493,232 person-years of follow-up, 4777 strokes (2863 ischemic stroke, 1361 intraparenchymal hemorrhages, and 531 subarachnoid hemorrhages) and 1204 ischemic heart disease cases were identified. Among men, significant multivariable HRs (95% CIs) for almost daily consumption compared with almost no consumption of seaweed were seen in ischemic heart disease [0.76 (0.58, 0.99); P-trend = 0.04] and total cardiovascular diseases [0.88 (0.78, 1.00); P-trend = 0.08]. Among women, such inverse associations were 0.56 (0.36, 0.85; P-trend = 0.006) for ischemic heart disease and 0.89 (0.76, 1.05; P-trend = 0.10) for total cardiovascular diseases. No significant associations were observed between seaweed intake and risk of total stroke or stroke types among either men or women. Conclusions Seaweed intake was inversely associated with risk of ischemic heart disease.
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Darwin C Biag, Richmond S Hombre, Christian Lennon T Edoria, Marlon R Visitacion, John Cris S Sape, and Lucy O Elep Jr. "First record of potential epiphyte grazing species in commercial seaweeds (Kappaphycus spp.), Philippines." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 12, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 061–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2022.12.2.0176.

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Commercial seaweeds (Kappaphycus spp.) being widely cultivated at sea face inevitable challenges such as ice-ice disease and epiphyte infestations. Hence, this research provided the first record of potential epiphyte grazing species associated with cultivated seaweeds. A total of 26 seaweed farms were surveyed for 7 months, from April to October 2022, to record the occurrence and abundance of blenny fish. Results from the visual census survey showed a total of 984 sightings of blenny fish (Petroscirtes spp.). The highest occurrence of blennies was recorded in planted seaweeds (81.4%), followed by ropes (12.3%) and floats/buoys (6.3%). Blennies are found to spend the majority of their time resting, swimming, and grazing on the algal epiphytes that are attached to seaweeds. These tiny fish, which are associated with cultivated seaweeds but are overlooked in seaweed farms, are critically important and can contribute little pressure to controlling epiphytes.
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Jaworowska, Agnieszka, and Aliza Murtaza. "Seaweed Derived Lipids Are a Potential Anti-Inflammatory Agent: A Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010730.

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Chronic, low-grade inflammation is linked to the development of non-communicable diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and others which together contribute to more than 50% of deaths globally. Modulation of inflammatory responses may be a promising strategy, and n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) may offer a new therapeutic option in inflammatory conditions. Seaweeds are characterised by high nutritional quality and are a good source of many bioactive compounds, including n-3 LC-PUFA. This review addresses the potential anti-inflammatory properties of seaweed derived lipids, and their immunomodulating mechanisms in order to identify the possible applications of seaweed as an anti-inflammatory functional food ingredient or dietary supplement. A few studies have evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of seaweed lipids using crude lipid extracts, lipid fractions and isolated complex lipids from several seaweeds belonging to the Ochrophyta and Rhodophyta phyla, with only three Ulva rigida, Ulva sp. and Codium tomentosum within the Chlorophyta phylum. It was reported that seaweed derived lipids suppress inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression and reduce nuclear factor κB p100 and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 protein levels leading to the downregulation of the production of several pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide. Further investigations are required to unravel the complex mechanisms underlying their preventive action against chronic inflammation and their potential use as a new functional food ingredient and/or health supplement.
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Cavallo, Rosa, Maria Acquaviva, Loredana Stabili, Ester Cecere, Antonella Petrocelli, and Marcella Narracci. "Antibacterial activity of marine macroalgae against fish pathogenic Vibrio species." Open Life Sciences 8, no. 7 (July 1, 2013): 646–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-013-0181-6.

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AbstractIn mariculture, diseases of microbial origin can cause significant economic losses worldwide; the evolution of microorganism resistance to antibiotics has resulted in a growing need for new antibacterial compounds that are effective in veterinary medicine and characterized by limited undesirable side effects. Increased attention has recently been turned to seaweeds as a promising source for metabolites with antimicrobial activity. Vibriosis is a common disease, caused by bacteria of the genus Vibrio, that can result in high mortality in aquaculture. The aim of this study was to identify seaweeds with antibacterial activity against some pathogenic Vibrio species, in order to identify a possible alternative to the commonly used antibiotics in aquaculture. Chloroform/methanol lipidic extracts of six seaweed species (Chaetomorpha linum, Cladophora rupestris, Gracilaria dura, Gracilaria gracilis, Gracilariopsis longissima, Ulva prolifera) were tested for their antibacterial activities against six fish pathogenic Vibrio species using the disc diffusion method. Different susceptibilities to lipidic algal extracts were observed. All six of the seaweed extracts tested demonstrated inhibition of Vibrio ordalii. The best was that from Gracilariopsis longissima, showing activity against Vibrio ordalii, Vibrio salmonicida, Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus. The results confirmed the potential use of seaweed extracts as a source of antibacterial compounds or as a health-promoting feed for aquaculture.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Seaweed disease"

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Cogram, Kirstie J. "The effects of seaweed extracts on soilborne diseases, soil microbiology and the growth of wheat." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336244.

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Sun, Hongwei. "The effect of seaweed concentrate on turfgrass growth, nematode tolerance and protein synthesis under moisture stress conditions." Diss., This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-163430/.

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NGO, DINH THI PHUONG THAO, and 吳丁氏芳草. "Effects of crude extracts from microalgae and seaweed on stress tolerances and disease resistance of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zaae23.

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碩士
國立屏東科技大學
水產養殖系所
105
The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of microalgae and seaweed extracts in improving stress tolerances and disease resistance against pathogenic infection of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae. Firstly, fresh microalgae Chaetoceros gracilis (C. gracilis) and brown seaweed Sargassum crassifolium (S. crassifolium) were extracted with hot-water for 5 h. The fresh C. gracilis, C. gracilis extract, S. crassifolium extract were then analyzed for antioxidant activities. For the feeding trial, shrimp were fed four exprimental diets including (1) control (Artemia only); (2) Artemia enriched by fresh C. gracilis; (3) Artemia enriched with C. gracilis extract and (4) Artemia enriched with S. crassifolium extract. After 10 days of feeding, to evaluate the stress tolerances, shrimp were exposed to formaline at concentrations of 100, 150, and 200 ppm; or to ammonia at concentrations of 40, 50, 60 mg L-1. In addition, to assess the disease resistance, shrimp were immersed in the seawater containing the pathogenic bacteria Vibrio parahaemolyticus at the dose of 1×105 CFU mL-1. Mortalities of shrimp were recorded. The results showed that polysaccharide content in C. gracillis extract was significantly higher than that of S. crassifolium extract (p<0.05). Total polyphenolic compounds in C. gracillis extract was significantly lower than that of fresh C. gracillis and S. crassifolium extracts (p<0.05). The highest flavonoid content was found in S. crassifolium extract. S. crassifolium extract showed the highest antioxidant activities as DPPH scavenging, ferrous ion chelating, and superoxide anion scavenging activities with values of 52.5±1.38%, 8.69±0.86%, and 24.8±2.48%, respectively. S. crassifolium extract treatment showed the best shrimp survival rate of 99.3±0.83%. However, the shrimp survival rate was only 83.8±1.06% in Control treatment. The shrimp survival rate of fresh C. gracilis and C. gracilis extract treatments were 90.8±1.22% and 96.5±0.61%, respectively. Shrimp fed with S. crassifolium extract also had significantly higher stress tolerances and disease resistance than those fed with fresh C. gracillis and C. gracillis extract. Therefore, it is concluded that S. crassifolium extract could be used as a potential additive to reduce the mortality of white shrimp at the postlarvae stage.
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Fu, Lulu. "Effects of kiwi-fruit seaweed extract on the metabolism of female reproductive hormones." Thesis, 2014. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/25823/.

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Hormonal fluctuations are known to affect a female’s quality of life during the different stages of their lifespan. In middle-aged women, hormonal fluctuations are especially known to impact on their mental and physical health. During the peri- menopausal years, a woman’s health can deteriorate and unfortunately may eventuate in severe diseases. The perspective on conventional and Chinese medicine is that there are interventions available for hormone-related diseases. Within the conventional medical field, little is known about the interventions available within Chinese medicine (CM) practice and even less is known of the efficiency of Chinese Medicine interventions, even within the Chinese medicine practice. Conventional Medicine and Chinese medicine both rely on diagnosis as a pre-requisite to prescribing intervention. However, the main difference between the two medical fields is that diagnosis in Chinese medicine relies on patterns of dysfunction of the Chinese medicine organ systems, rather than any underlying causes explained in terms of a pathophysiological malfunction. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of a Chinese food formula, Kiwi-Fruit Seaweed Extract (KFE), on the regulation of the biomarker 2-hydroxyoestrone:16α-hydroxyoestrone, relating to thermography changes and magnetic field changes in the woman’s breast. The magnetic field changes which indicated by the pulsed electromagnetic field test overlaid the Liver Meridian, Kidney Meridian and other Meridians in the trunk area as described from the Chinese medicine perspective. This study also examined the general improvement and emotional impact of KFE on women with Liver Qi Stagnation and Liver Kidney Yin Deficiency.
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"Protective effects of seaweeds against liver injury caused by carbon tetrachloride and trichloroethylene in rats." 2000. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5890528.

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Wong Chun-kwan.
Thesis submitted in: December 1999.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 127-137).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract --- p.i
Acknowledgments --- p.viii
Tables of Contents --- p.ix
List of Figures --- p.xv
List of Tables --- p.xxvi
Chapter Chapter 1: --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1
Chapter Chapter 2: --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.8
Chapter 2.1 --- Toxicology --- p.8
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Acute toxicity test --- p.8
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Biochemical Analysis --- p.9
Chapter 2.1.3 --- Organ weights --- p.10
Chapter 2.2 --- Histology --- p.11
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Light Microscope --- p.11
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Electron Microscopy --- p.11
Chapter 2.3 --- Tissue injury --- p.12
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Free-radical mechanisms --- p.12
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Lipid peroxidation --- p.13
Chapter 2.4 --- Carbon tetrachloride (CC14) --- p.14
Chapter 2.4.1 --- Mechanisms of carbon tetrachloride toxicity --- p.15
Chapter 2.5 --- Trichloroethylene (TCE) --- p.18
Chapter 2.5.1 --- Mechanisms of trichloroethylene toxicity --- p.21
Chapter 2.6 --- Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) --- p.25
Chapter 2.7 --- N-acetylcysteine (NAC) --- p.27
Chapter Chapter 3: --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.28
Chapter 3.1 --- Materials --- p.28
Chapter 3.2 --- Methods --- p.31
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Acute hepatotoxicity test on aqueous seaweed extracts --- p.31
Chapter 3.2.1.1 --- Preparation of aqueous extracts of seaweed --- p.31
Chapter 3.2.1.2 --- Experimental protocol --- p.31
Chapter 3.2.1.3 --- Biochemical assays --- p.32
Chapter 3.2.1.4 --- Organ weights --- p.36
Chapter 3.2.1.5 --- Histopathological examination --- p.36
Chapter 3.2.1.6 --- Statistical analysis --- p.36
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Curative and preventive tests of seaweed aqueous extracts against the CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity --- p.37
Chapter 3.2.2.1 --- Preparation of aqueous extracts of seaweed --- p.37
Chapter 3.2.2.2 --- Experimental protocol --- p.37
Chapter 3.2.2.3 --- Biochemical assays --- p.39
Chapter 3.2.2.4 --- Organ weights --- p.39
Chapter 3.2.2.5 --- Histopathological examination --- p.40
Chapter 3.2.2.6 --- Statistical analysis --- p.41
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Acute hepatotoxicity test of TCE in rats by oral and intraperitoneal routes --- p.42
Chapter 3.2.3.1 --- Experimental protocol --- p.42
Chapter 3.2.3.2 --- Biochemical assays --- p.43
Chapter 3.2.3.3 --- Organ weights --- p.43
Chapter 3.2.3.4 --- Histopathological examination --- p.44
Chapter 3.2.3.5 --- Statistical analysis --- p.44
Chapter 3.2.4 --- Curative and preventive tests of seaweed aqueous extracts against the TCE effective dose-induced toxicity --- p.44
Chapter 3.2.4.1 --- Preparation of aqueous extracts of seaweed --- p.44
Chapter 3.2.4.2 --- Experimental protocol --- p.45
Chapter 3.2.4.3 --- Biochemical assays --- p.46
Chapter 3.2.4.4 --- Organ weights --- p.46
Chapter 3.2.4.5 --- Histopathological examination --- p.46
Chapter 3.2.5 --- Antidotal effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against CC14- and TCE- induced poisoning in rats --- p.47
Chapter 3.2.5.1 --- Experimental protocol --- p.47
Chapter 3.2.5.2 --- Biochemical assays --- p.48
Chapter 3.2.5.3 --- Organ weights --- p.48
Chapter 3.2.5.4 --- Histopathological examination --- p.49
Chapter 3.2.6 --- Hepatoprotective effect of seaweeds' methanol extract against CC14- and TCE-induced poisoning in rats --- p.49
Chapter 3.2.6.1 --- Preparation of methanol extracts of seaweed --- p.49
Chapter 3.2.6.2 --- Experimental protocol --- p.50
Chapter 3.2.6.3 --- Biochemical assays --- p.52
Chapter 3.2.6.4 --- Organ weights --- p.52
Chapter 3.2.6.5 --- Histopathological examination --- p.53
Chapter Chapter 4 --- RESULTS --- p.54
Chapter 4.1 --- Acute hepatotoxicity test on aqueous seaweed extracts --- p.54
Chapter 4.1.1 --- The biochemical assays of the serum transaminase activity --- p.54
Chapter 4.1.2 --- The organ weight (Aqueous seaweed crude extracts) --- p.56
Chapter 4.2 --- Curative and preventive tests of seaweed aqueous extracts against the CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity --- p.58
Chapter 4.2.1 --- The biochemical assays of the serum transaminase activity (Curative) --- p.58
Chapter 4.2.2 --- The organ weight (Curative) --- p.60
Chapter 4.2.3 --- The biochemical assays of the serum transaminase activity (Preventive) --- p.62
Chapter 4.2.4 --- The organ weight (Preventive) --- p.64
Chapter 4.3 --- Acute hepatotoxicity test of TCE in rats by oral and intraperitoneal routes --- p.66
Chapter 4.3.1 --- Oral route --- p.66
Chapter 4.3.1.1 --- One-time oral route --- p.66
Chapter 4.3.1.2 --- Two-time oral route --- p.66
Chapter 4.3.2 --- Intraperitoneal route --- p.66
Chapter 4.3.3 --- Time course of the effective dose of 20% TCE in i.p. route --- p.67
Chapter 4.4 --- Curative and preventive tests of seaweed aqueous extracts against the TCE effective dose-induced toxicity --- p.12
Chapter 4.4.1 --- The biochemical assays of the serum transaminase activity (Curative) --- p.72
Chapter 4.4.2 --- The organ weight (Curative) --- p.74
Chapter 4.4.3 --- The biochemical assays of the serum transaminase activity (Preventive) --- p.76
Chapter 4.4.4 --- The organ weight (Preventive) --- p.78
Chapter 4.5 --- Antidotal effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against CC14- and TCE-induced poisoning in rats --- p.80
Chapter 4.5.1 --- The biochemical assays of the serum transaminase activity (Curative) --- p.80
Chapter 4.5.2 --- The organ weight (Curative) --- p.82
Chapter 4.5.3 --- The biochemical assays of the serum transaminase activity (Preventive) --- p.84
Chapter 4.5.4 --- The organ weight (Preventive) --- p.86
Chapter 4.6 --- Hepatoprotective effect of methanol extract of seaweed against CC14- and TCE-induced poisoning in rats --- p.88
Chapter 4.6.1 --- The biochemical assays of the serum transaminase activity (Curative) --- p.88
Chapter 4.6.2 --- The organ weight (Curative) --- p.89
Chapter 4.7 --- Histopathological examinations --- p.90
Chapter 4.7.1 --- Acute hepatotoxicity test on aqueous seaweed extracts --- p.91
Chapter 4.7.2 --- Curative and preventive tests of seaweed aqueous extracts against the CC14-induced hepatotoxicity --- p.92
Chapter 4.7.3 --- Acute hepatotoxicity test of TCE in rats by oral and intraperitoneal routes --- p.99
Chapter 4.7.4 --- Curative and preventive tests of seaweed aqueous extracts against the TCE effective dose-induced toxicity --- p.100
Chapter 4.7.5 --- Antidotal effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against CC14- and TCE-induced poisoning in rats --- p.100
Chapter 4.7.6 --- Hepatoprotective effect of methanol extract of seaweed against CC14- and TCE-induced poisoning in rats --- p.102
Chapter Chapter 5 --- DISCUSSION --- p.106
Chapter Chapter 6 --- CONCLUSION --- p.124
REFERENCES --- p.127
APPENDIX --- p.138
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Books on the topic "Seaweed disease"

1

Cooksley, Valerie Gennari. Seaweed: Nature's secret to balancing your metabolism, fighting disease and revitalizing body and mind. New York: Stewart, Tabori & Chang, 2007.

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Marine comesceuticals: Trends and prospects. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2012.

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Fleurence, Joël, and Ira Levine. Seaweed in Health and Disease Prevention. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2016.

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Seaweed in Health and Disease Prevention. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2014-0-02206-x.

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Seaweed in Health and Disease Prevention. Academic Press, 2016.

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Health from the Seas: Freedom from Disease. Vital Health Publishing, 2003.

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Cooksley, Valerie Gennari. Seaweed: Natures Secret to Balancing Your Metabolism, Fighting Disease, and Revitalizing Body and Soul. Stewart, Tabori & Chang, 2007.

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Understanding diseases and control in seaweed farming in Zanzibar. FAO, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4060/ca9004en.

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Menezes, A., D. B. Largo, and F. E. Msuya. Understanding Diseases and Control in Seaweed Farming in Zanzibar. Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2020.

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(Editor), Milton Fingerman, and Rachakonda Nagabhushanam (Editor), eds. Aquaculture: Seaweeds and Invertebrates (Recent Advances in Marine Biotechnology). Science Publishers, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Seaweed disease"

1

Correa, Juan A. "Diseases in seaweeds: an introduction." In Fifteenth International Seaweed Symposium, 87–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1659-3_11.

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Correa, Juan A., and Pablo A. Sánchez. "Ecological aspects of algal infectious diseases." In Fifteenth International Seaweed Symposium, 89–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1659-3_12.

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Craigie, James S., and Juan A. Correa. "Etiology of infectious diseases in cultivated Chondrus crispus (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta)." In Fifteenth International Seaweed Symposium, 97–104. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1659-3_13.

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Loureiro, Rafael R., Anicia Q. Hurtado, and Alan T. Critchley. "Impacts of AMPEP on Epiphytes and Diseases in Kappaphycus and Eucheuma Cultivation." In Tropical Seaweed Farming Trends, Problems and Opportunities, 111–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63498-2_6.

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Machado, Levi Pompermayer, Maria Cândida de Godoy Gasparoto, Norival Alves Santos Filho, and Ronaldo Pavarini. "Seaweeds in the Control of Plant Diseases and Insects." In Seaweeds as Plant Fertilizer, Agricultural Biostimulants and Animal Fodder, 100–127. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2019.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429487156-6.

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Bhatt, Neeru, Lyutha Al-Subhi, and Mostafa Waly. "Seaweeds as Functional Food: A Comprehensive Review of Its Antioxidants and Therapeutic Merits Against Oxidative Stress-Mediated Chronic Diseases." In Sustainable Global Resources of Seaweeds Volume 2, 77–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92174-3_3.

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Delaney, A., K. Frangoudes, and S. A. Ii. "Society and Seaweed." In Seaweed in Health and Disease Prevention, 7–40. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-802772-1.00002-6.

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Kraan, S. "Seaweed and Alcohol." In Seaweed in Health and Disease Prevention, 169–84. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-802772-1.00006-3.

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Couteau, C., and L. Coiffard. "Seaweed Application in Cosmetics." In Seaweed in Health and Disease Prevention, 423–41. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-802772-1.00014-2.

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Baweja, P., S. Kumar, D. Sahoo, and I. Levine. "Biology of Seaweeds." In Seaweed in Health and Disease Prevention, 41–106. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-802772-1.00003-8.

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