Academic literature on the topic 'Seawaters based proce'
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Journal articles on the topic "Seawaters based proce"
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Zhang, Qisheng, Xiao Zhao, Xinyue Zhang, Jianen Jing, Shenghui Liu, Shuhan Li, and Zhenzhong Yuan. "Influence of Expendable Current Profiler Probe on Induced Electric Field of Ocean Currents." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9812929.
Full textAbstract:
The expendable current profiler (XCP) is a new instrument that is internationally used to rapidly monitor ocean currents in marine environments. The most crucial part of this instrument is the XCP probe. Since the probe is of high electrical resistance, it acts almost like an insulator with respect to seawater. Placing it into the induced electric field (IEF) of seawater therefore yields a certain level of influence over the electric field. Therefore, in order to improve the accuracy of XCP measurements, the conditions associated with this influence can be used to guide the design of XCP probes; at the same time, these can also serve as reference points in order to provide technical support for the processing of XCP data on ocean currents. To this end, computer-based numerical simulations and laboratory-based physical simulations are used in this study. The results showed that after an XCP probe (diameter: 5 cm; length: 52 cm) was inserted into seawater, the voltage difference of ocean currents at both ends of the electric field sensor placed above the XCP probe increased by a factor of 1.85 (as compared to the case in which there is no influence from the probe).
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Zhu, Xingyue, Kaixiong Yu, Xiaofan Zhu, Juan Su, and Chi Wu. "An Improved Algorithm for Measuring Nitrate Concentrations in Seawater Based on Deep-Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry: A Case Study of the Aoshan Bay Seawater and Western Pacific Seawater." Sensors 21, no. 3 (February 1, 2021): 965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21030965.
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Nowadays, it is still a challenge for commercial nitrate sensors to meet the requirement of high accuracy in a complex water. Based on deep-ultraviolet spectral analysis and a regression algorithm, a different measuring method for obtaining the concentration of nitrate in seawater is proposed in this paper. The system consists of a deuterium lamp, an optical fiber splitter module, a reflection probe, temperature and salinity sensors, and a deep-ultraviolet spectrometer. The regression model based on weighted average kernel partial least squares (WA-KPLS) algorithm together with corrections for temperature and salinity (TSC) is established. After that, the seawater samples from Western Pacific and Aoshan Bay in Qingdao, China with the addition of various nitrate concentrations are studied to verify the reliability and accuracy of the method. The results show that the TSC-WA-KPLS algorithm shows the best results when compared against the multiple linear regression (MLR) and ISUS (in situ ultraviolet spectrophotometer) algorithms in the temperatures range of 4–25 °C, with RMSEP of 0.67 µmol/L for Aoshan Bay seawater and 1.08 µmol/L for Western Pacific seawater. The method proposed in this paper is suitable for measuring the nitrate concentration in seawater with higher accuracy, which could find application in the development of in-situ and real-time nitrate sensors.
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Pulgar, Francisco, Luis Ayala, Matías Jeldres, Pedro Robles, Pedro G. Toledo, Iván Salazar, and Ricardo I. Jeldres. "Lime/Sodium Carbonate Treated Seawater to Improve Flocculation and Sedimentation of Clay-Based Tailings." Polymers 13, no. 23 (November 25, 2021): 4108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13234108.
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Seawater treated with lime and sodium carbonate in different proportions to reduce magnesium and calcium contents is used in flocculation and sedimentation tests of artificial quartz and kaolin tailings. Solid complexes were separated from water by vacuum filtration, and factors such as lime/sodium carbonate ratio, kaolin content, flocculation time, and flocculant dose are evaluated. The growth of the aggregates was captured in situ by a focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) probe. Solid magnesium and calcium complexes are formed in raw seawater at pH 11, impairing the performance of flocculant polymers based on polyacrylamides. The results show that the settling rate improved when the treatment’s lime/sodium carbonate ratio increased. That is, when a greater removal of magnesium is prioritized over calcium. The amount of magnesium required to be removed depends on the mineralogy of the system: more clay will require more significant removal of magnesium. These results respond to the structural changes of the flocs, achieving that the more magnesium is removed, the greater the size and density of the aggregates. In contrast, calcium removal does not significantly influence flocculant performance. The study suggests the necessary conditions for each type of tailing to maximize water recovery, contributing to the effective closure of the water cycle in processes that use seawater with magnesium control.
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Lyon, W. J. "TaqMan PCR for Detection of Vibrio cholerae O1, O139, Non-O1, and Non-O139 in Pure Cultures, Raw Oysters, and Synthetic Seawater." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 10 (October 1, 2001): 4685–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.10.4685-4693.2001.
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ABSTRACT Vibrio cholerae is recognized as a leading human waterborne pathogen. Traditional diagnostic testing forVibrio is not always reliable, because this bacterium can enter a viable but nonculturable state. Therefore, nucleic acid-based tests have emerged as a useful alternative to traditional enrichment testing. In this article, a TaqMan PCR assay is presented for quantitative detection of V. cholerae in pure cultures, oysters, and synthetic seawater. Primers and probe were designed from the nonclassical hemolysin (hlyA) sequence of V. choleraestrains. This probe was applied to DNA from 60 bacterial strains comprising 21 genera. The TaqMan PCR assay was positive for all of the strains of V. cholerae tested and negative for all other species of Vibrio tested. In addition, none of the other genera tested was amplified with the TaqMan primers and probe used in this study. The results of the TaqMan PCR with raw oysters and spiked with V. cholerae serotypes O1 and O139 were comparable to those of pure cultures. The sensitivity of the assay was in the range of 6 to 8 CFU g−1 and 10 CFU ml−1 in spiked raw oyster and synthetic seawater samples, respectively. The total assay could be completed in 3 h. Quantification of the Vibrio cells was linear over at least 6 log units. The TaqMan probe and primer set developed in this study can be used as a rapid screening tool for the presence ofV. cholerae in oysters and seawater without prior isolation and characterization of the bacteria by traditional microbiological methods.
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Boyer, Stéphane, and Marie-Caroline Lefort. "Sequestering seawater on land: a water-based solution to global issues." F1000Research 5 (May 13, 2016): 889. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.8739.1.
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The ‘surplus’ of oceanic water generated by climate change offers an unprecedented opportunity to tackle a number of global issues through a very pragmatic process: shifting the excess water from the oceans onto the land. Here we propose that sea-level rise could be mitigated through the desalination of very large amounts of seawater in massive desalination plants. To efficiently mitigate sea-level rise, desalinized water could be stored on land in the form of crop, wetlands or new forests. Based on a US$ 500 million price to build an individual mega desalination plant with current technology, the cost of controlling current sea-level rise through water desalination approaches US$ 23 trillion. However, the economic, environmental and health benefits would also be immense and could contribute to addressing a number of global issues including sea-level rise, food security, biodiversity loss and climate change. Because these issues are intimately intertwined, responses should aim at addressing them all concurrently and at global scale.
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Gu, Lijuan, Xiangge He, Min Zhang, and Hailong Lu. "Advances in the Technologies for Marine Salinity Measurement." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 12 (December 18, 2022): 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10122024.
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As one of the most important physical parameters of seawater, salinity is essential to study climatological change, to trace seawater masses and to model ocean dynamics. The traditional way to conduct salinity measurement in hydrographical observation is to use a standard conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) probe where the salinity determination is based on a measurement of electrical conductivity. This article describes some developments of recent years that could lead to a new generation of instruments for the determination of salinity in seawater. Salinity determination with optical salinity sensor based on the refractive index measurement have been extensively studied. Different ways to conduct refractive index measurements are summarized, including measurements based on beam deviation, light wave mode coupling and swelling of surface coating material, among which the optical fiber sensors are promising candidates for further commercialization. Complementary to the above-mentioned direct measurement salinity point sensors, seismic observation takes advantages of large scale multichannel seismic data to retrieve the ocean salinity with high lateral resolution of ∼10 m. This work provide comprehensive information in the techniques related to the marine salinity measurement.
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Boyer, Stéphane, and Marie-Caroline Lefort. "Sequestering seawater on land: a water-based solution to global issues." F1000Research 5 (April 25, 2017): 889. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.8739.2.
Full textAbstract:
The ‘surplus’ of oceanic water generated by climate change offers an unprecedented opportunity to tackle a number of global issues through a very pragmatic process: shifting the excess water from the oceans onto the land. Here we propose that sea-level rise could be mitigated through the desalination of very large amounts of seawater in an international network of massive desalination plants. To efficiently mitigate sea-level rise, desalinized water could be stored on land in the form of crop, wetlands or new forests. Based on a US$ 500 million price to build an individual mega desalination plant with current technology, the cost of controlling current sea-level rise through water desalination approaches US$ 23 trillion in investment and US$ 4 trillion per year in operating costs. However, the economic, environmental and health benefits would also be immense and could contribute to addressing a number of global issues including sea-level rise, food security, biodiversity loss and climate change. Because these issues are intimately intertwined, responses should aim at addressing them all concurrently and at global scale.
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Martínez-Alvarez, Victoriano, Jose F. Maestre-Valero, Manuel J. González-Ortega, Belén Gallego-Elvira, and Bernardo Martin-Gorriz. "Characterization of the Agricultural Supply of Desalinated Seawater in Southeastern Spain." Water 11, no. 6 (June 13, 2019): 1233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11061233.
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The increasing shortage of water for crop irrigation in arid and semiarid regions is encouraging the use of non-conventional resources. In the last decade, seawater desalination has consolidated its position as an alternative source to increase the supply for agricultural irrigation in Spain and Israel, where the farmers’ acceptance is progressively rising, despite the supply price being much higher than that of other conventional water sources. This article describes the current situation of desalinated seawater production and supply to agriculture in the southeast of Spain, and analyzes key questions such as its role in regional water planning, the infrastructure needed for conveyance and distribution, the energy requirements, the production and distribution costs, and the final price to farmers. The study is based on descriptive and quantitative data collected from desalination plants and irrigation district managers through technical questionnaires and personal interviews. The results show how seawater desalination is effectively alleviating the regional constraints in the irrigated agriculture supply, and why it is becoming strategic to maintaining food production and socioeconomic development. However, the high-energy requirements and associated costs in comparison with other water sources limit a more widespread use for agriculture, and for this reason desalinated water still only plays a complementary role in most irrigation districts.
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Kim, Philjae, Tae Joong Yoon, and Sook Shin. "Environmental DNA and Specific Primers for Detecting the Invasive Species Ectopleura crocea (Hydrozoa: Anthoathecata) in Seawater Samples." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (March 18, 2020): 2360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062360.
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In marine environments, environmental DNA (eDNA) can be effectively detected and possibly quantified when combined with molecular techniques, as demonstrated by several recent studies. In this study, we developed a species-specific primer set and a probe to detect the distribution and biomass of an invasive hydrozoan in South Korea, Ectopleura crocea. These molecular markers were designed to amplify a 187 bp region based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) of E. crocea and were tested on seawater samples from 35 Korean harbors in 2017. Of the 35 sites we investigated, only nine harbors returned positive detections when using traditional survey methods, while surveys based on the use of eDNA techniques detected E. crocea DNA in all seawater samples. These results suggest that eDNA surveys based on molecular techniques are more effective at identifying species distribution and estimating biomass than traditional surveys based on visual assessment of morphology.
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Aznar-Sánchez, José, Luis Belmonte-Ureña, Juan Velasco-Muñoz, and Diego Valera. "Aquifer Sustainability and the Use of Desalinated Seawater for Greenhouse Irrigation in the Campo de Níjar, Southeast Spain." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 5 (March 12, 2019): 898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050898.
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In the Campo de Níjar (southeast Spain), an intensive horticulture model under plastic has been developed based on the use of groundwater. For many years, aquifers have been overexploited, almost generating an environmental collapse. The construction of a desalination plant was planned to improve this situation and to achieve sustainable aquifer management. However, the aquifer is still being overexploited, since farmers scarcely use desalinated seawater for irrigation. In this paper, farmers irrigating with desalinated seawater are characterized, since they contribute to aquifer sustainability. The study aimed to identify the variables which condition the use of this water resource, as well as the kinds of incentives that encourage this option. For this purpose, a survey was undertaken within a sample of 110 farmers. A cluster analysis and a binary logistic regression were employed. The results from the cluster analysis allowed the characterization of farmers who use desalinated seawater for irrigation. Furthermore, the regression model showed the variables that determine a more intensive use of this irrigation source, such as crop diversification, availability of different water resources and the conductivity of aquifer water available for irrigation. The incentives promoting the use of desalinated seawater for irrigation that most encourage farmers are the implementation of tax relief, price reductions and the obligation to install rainwater collection systems.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Seawaters based proce"
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CAPUSONI, CLAUDIA. "APPLICATION OF NON-CONVENTIONAL YEASTS IN BIOPROCESSES." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/788442.
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Sustainability is one of the most pressing challenge of our century, this term is becoming a main keyword of political agendas and more in general of mass media. To increase the “greenness of bioprocesses”, academia and industry, especially in the biotechnological and chemical fields, are focusing their studies with the scope to shift from traditional organic synthesis to new processes with reduced ecological foot-print. A good way to increase sustainability could be set up bioprocesses exploiting microorganisms. Nowadays, companies are searching new organisms that, differently from the well characterized Saccharomyces cerevisiae, show to be more resistant to the harsh conditions commonly occurring in industrial fermentations (high salt concentration, temperature and pressure). Due to their peculiar features, non-conventional yeasts (NCYs) seem to be a promising solution. On the other hand, the disadvantage to use these new organisms is related to the few studies and literature data available, especially compared to S. cervisiae. To fill this gap researchers have started to characterize these new species.
My PhD work had dual aim:
• First to identify good candidates, with specific physiological properties, that could be exploited in bioprocesses.
• Second to characterize new promising enzymatic activities useful for industrial applications.
In the first studies, I focused my attention on marine yeasts. I chose yeasts isolated from this environment, because their use gives the possibility to perform a seawater-based bioprocess saving large amount of fresh waters, reducing both cost and environmental impact. From our laboratory yeasts collection, I selected, for their halotolerance, two different Debaryomyces hansenii strains. Hence mechanisms involved in osmotic stress response have been investigated employing flow cytometry. I showed that hyper-osmotic stress elicits membrane depolarization and decreases membrane permeability to cationic compounds. This phenomenon reduces ions permeability and can negatively affect the uptake of charged substrate during bioprocesses. My research proceeded with the set up of new fermentation protocols in seawater-based media composed by a mixture of hexose and pentose sugar and cheap nitrogen sources. In these conditions we obtained high biomass yield (0.627) in 40 h of bioprocess.
In the second part of my PhD project, I studied NCYs as sources of enzymes. With this aim I identified a nitrilase of marine strain of Meyerozyma guilliermondii, that displayed high activities on aromatic substrate, but also on arylaliphatic and aliphatic ones. These activities were maintained also in presence of high salts concentration. In particular M. guilliermondii nitrilase was able to perform complete dynamic resolution of mandelonitrile in seawaters within in 8 h.
In the last part of my PhD, I identified a novel extracellular and cell-bound phytase activity in Cyberlindnera jadinii. This enzyme is suitable as feed additive, indeed activities at pH 4.5 and 37°C (animals gastric pH and temperature) were 26.25 mU/mgd.w. and 58.36 mU/mgd.w., detected as extracellular and cell-bound respectively. Phytase activities had their optimum at 50°C, reaching 37.2 mU/mgd.w. (extracellular) and 146 mU/mgd.w. (cell-bound).
Data reported in my PhD work suggest that could be interest to proceed with further characterization on NCYs. New “green” bioprocesses characterized by high productivity could be a key for reach sustainability reducing the ecological impact of industrial production.
Book chapters on the topic "Seawaters based proce"
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Janani, E. Srie Vidhya, and A. Rehash Rushmi Pavitra. "Cost Effective Smart Farming With FARS-Based Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks." In Handbook of Research on Implementation and Deployment of IoT Projects in Smart Cities, 296–316. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9199-3.ch018.
Full textAbstract:
Smart farming is a key to develop sustainable agriculture, involving a wide range of information and communication technologies comprising machinery, equipment, and sensors at different levels. Seawater, which is available in huge volumes across the planet, should find its optimal way through irrigation purposes. On the other hand, underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) finds its way actively in current researches where sensors are deployed for examining discrete activities such as tactical surveillance, ocean monitoring, offshore analysis, and instrument observing. All these activities are based on a radically new type of sensors deployed in ocean for data collection and communication. A lightweight Hydro probe II sensor quantifies the soil moisture and water flow level at an acknowledged wavelength. The freshwater absorption repository system (FARS) is matured based on the mechanics of UWSNs comprised of SBE 39 and pressure sensor for analyzing atmospheric pressure and temperature. This necessitates further exploration of FARS to complement smart farming. Discrete routing protocols have been designed for data collection in both compatible and divergent networks. Clustering is an effective approach to increase energy efficient data transmission, which is crucial for underwater networks. Furthermore, the chapter attempts to facilitate seawater irrigation to the farm lands through reverse osmosis (RO) process. Also, the proposed irrigation pattern exploits residual water from the RO process which is identified to be one among the suitable growing conditions for salicornia seeds and mangrove trees. Ultimately, the cost-effective technology-enabled irrigation methodology suggested offers farm-related services through mobile phones that increase flexibility across the overall smart farming framework.
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Janani, E. Srie Vidhya, and A. Rehash Rushmi Pavitra. "Cost Effective Smart Farming With FARS-Based Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks." In Research Anthology on Strategies for Achieving Agricultural Sustainability, 628–49. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5352-0.ch032.
Full textAbstract:
Smart farming is a key to develop sustainable agriculture, involving a wide range of information and communication technologies comprising machinery, equipment, and sensors at different levels. Seawater, which is available in huge volumes across the planet, should find its optimal way through irrigation purposes. On the other hand, underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) finds its way actively in current researches where sensors are deployed for examining discrete activities such as tactical surveillance, ocean monitoring, offshore analysis, and instrument observing. All these activities are based on a radically new type of sensors deployed in ocean for data collection and communication. A lightweight Hydro probe II sensor quantifies the soil moisture and water flow level at an acknowledged wavelength. The freshwater absorption repository system (FARS) is matured based on the mechanics of UWSNs comprised of SBE 39 and pressure sensor for analyzing atmospheric pressure and temperature. This necessitates further exploration of FARS to complement smart farming. Discrete routing protocols have been designed for data collection in both compatible and divergent networks. Clustering is an effective approach to increase energy efficient data transmission, which is crucial for underwater networks. Furthermore, the chapter attempts to facilitate seawater irrigation to the farm lands through reverse osmosis (RO) process. Also, the proposed irrigation pattern exploits residual water from the RO process which is identified to be one among the suitable growing conditions for salicornia seeds and mangrove trees. Ultimately, the cost-effective technology-enabled irrigation methodology suggested offers farm-related services through mobile phones that increase flexibility across the overall smart farming framework.
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Meier, Paul F. "Nuclear." In The Changing Energy Mix, 120–51. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190098391.003.0005.
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With the exception of nuclear submarines and some military applications, nuclear energy is only used to generate electricity. In the United States, uranium and plutonium are the fuels of choice, while some other countries, notably India, are developing thorium as the nuclear fuel. There are two main types of nuclear reactors—the pressurized water reactor (PWR) and the boiling water reactor (BWR). The PWR is the more common design, where the water used to generate steam and drive the turbine is isolated from the reactor core. In contrast, the water that moderates reactor heat in the BWR is also used to generate the steam, so this water must be contained to prevent radioactive contamination. In the United States, nuclear energy accounts for about 20% of electricity generation. Worldwide uranium reserves are about 6 million tonnes based on a price of $130/kg, but if this price constraint is relaxed, the supply of uranium is virtually unlimited since it is present in seawater at parts per billion levels.
Conference papers on the topic "Seawaters based proce"
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Ogle, Ken J., and Craig D. Carter. "Converting An Icebreaker From An Oil Lubricated Stern Tube Bearing System To A Seawater Lubricated Stern Tube Bearing Considering Environmental And Operating Costs." In SNAME 9th International Conference and Exhibition on Performance of Ships and Structures in Ice. SNAME, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/icetech-2010-184.
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Operational discharges of oil from the stern tube is a common occurrence for ice breakers as propellers are prone to impact from ice causing shafts to flex and seals are unable to maintain a complete barrier to keep seawater out or lubricating oil in the stern tube. Whereas solar radiation generally speeds the break-down of contaminants, the reduced level of sunlight in the Arctic lengthens the degradation process and increases the likelihood that toxic substances in the stern tube lubricating oil will find their way into the food chain. Hence, deemed “biodegradable” lubricants may not be as biodegradable in the Arctic operating environments. However, there exists a proven, viable option for vessels operating in the Arctic to eliminate stern tube oil pollution. This paper outlines the process for converting the sterntube bearings from oil-lubricated white-metal bearings to Thordon COMPAC seawater lubricated bearings, based on recent works on a twin screw ice breaker at a shipyard in Canada.
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van Dyck, Stephen, and Scott Crawford. "Grand Avenue Traverse: Uniting Accessibility, Utilities and Economy Into a New Experience." In Footbridge 2022 (Madrid): Creating Experience. Madrid, Spain: Asociación Española de Ingeniería Estructural, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24904/footbridge2022.181.
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<p>The Grand Avenue Pedestrian Bridge spans 85m from a park and residential neighborhood to a developing waterfront district that is 24m below. The bridge carries sewer, storm, and water utilities over rail lines and a highway while passing under power lines. The bridge’s east landing is on a landslide prone steep slope. On the west the bridge lands on a new concrete stair and elevator tower that rests on soil that is regularly infil- trated with seawater.</p><p>The design concept uses the constraints of the project to create a unique moment that is both utilitarian and unexpected. By sloping the truss to drop 4.8% towards the west, a set of accessible ramps are created on the top, side, and interior of a box-truss style bridge. Traversing 7m of elevation through accessible paths allowed the design team to minimize the height of the elevator and therefore moment into the foundations, critical for a site that is seismically active and located in seawater infiltrated soil.</p><p>Material choices for the bridge and throw barrier were based on considerations of durability and mainte- nance. Weathering steel is used for the primary truss members, painted steel for members located under the deck, and bare aluminum panels with a custom CNC cut perforation form the guardrail and throw barrier. All of the elements come together as a unified experience.</p>
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Lee, Jeung-Hoon, Kyung-Jun Lee, Hyoung-Gil Park, Jin-Hak Kim, Boo-Ki Kim, and Jong-Soo Seo. "Possibility of Air-Filled Rubber Membrane for Reducing Hull Exciting Pressure Induced by Propeller Cavitation." In SNAME 5th World Maritime Technology Conference. SNAME, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/wmtc-2015-121.
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To mitigate hull excitation induced by propeller cavitation, our previous work proposed a single-nozzle air injection scheme based on the principle of acoustic destructive interference. Although inefficient energy consumption in a conventional air-carpet system with multiple nozzle array could be significantly reduced by the proposed method, its application was still hindered by the continuous usage of an air compressor and maintenance of the nozzle exposed to seawater. We, in this study, take advantage of the acoustic properties of rubber-like materials, which are similar to those of water. That is, a rubber layer existing at the water-to-air interface appears to be transparent in the propagation of acoustic waves. More specifically, a rubber membrane filled with air could be anticipated to act only the role of airpacking without influencing the desired acoustic phenomenon, i.e., destructive interference. Hence, the purpose of this work is to provide analytical evidence to prove that an air-filled rubber membrane is capable of replacing the previous effort of air-injection. A design strategy for tuning the frequency of destructive interference to an exciting frequency is also presented, which can be accomplished by adjusting the rubber membrane size. Finally, two experimental demonstrations conducted in a water tunnel verifies the validity of suggested scheme.
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Manoharan, Yogesh, Alexander Headley, Keith Olson, Laurence Sombardier, and Benjamin Schenkman. "Energy Storage Versus Demand Side Management for Peak-Demand Reduction at the Hawaii Ocean Science and Technology Park." In ASME 2021 15th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2021 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2021-63799.
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Abstract There is a growing interest in utilizing energy storage for behind-the-meter customers. Energy storage systems have many functions for behind-the-meter use such as energy time shifting, peak demand shaving, and backup power. However, demand side management of energy consuming systems can also provide similar energy shifting functionality often with a significantly lower upfront cost. Though energy storage systems and demand side management can both be applied, each option has strengths and weaknesses that can make the optimal selection of measures difficult in many cases. In this study, the tradeoff between energy storage and demand side management is investigated at the Hawaii Ocean Science and Technology (HOST) park of the Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawaii Authority (NELHA). The major energy consumption at the HOST park is for pumping the seawater that serves many functions at the park, including supplying temperature-controlled water for various agriculture applications and even building air conditioning measure. NELHA’s facilities are broken into two major load centers that are connected by the piping network, though they are electrically isolated and subject to different electricity price tariffs. This scenario is modeled to optimize the dispatch of the pump stations and potential battery systems to minimize the cost of electricity for both load centers. This scenario is a good example of the interplay between demand side management and energy-storage-based cost reduction measures.
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De Klerk, Kevin, Azril Syazwan Hazim, Ernst Kloster, Daniel Buhagiar, and Alasdair Gray. "Solutions for Offshore Renewable Energy Storage: PowerBundle and Repurpose Pipeline Energy Storage (ROPES)." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210966-ms.
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Abstract There is a significant drive to decarbonise the energy system resulting in a need to integrate large quantities of intermittent renewable power into both onshore consumer grids and offshore isolated grids. This brings significant technical challenges that can be addressed using the right energy storage technology for future times of intermittency and peak power demands. The PowerBundle is a full-scale subsea hydro-pneumatic energy storage (HPES) system. Electricity is used to pump seawater into a closed pipeline bundle to compress a volume of pre-charged air and is then recovered by allowing the compressed air to push the water back out through a hydraulic turbine generator. The surrounding seawater acts as a natural heatsink, avoiding thermal losses and making the solution highly energy efficient. At the heart of the development is an established supply-chain, developed over 40 years, which will deliver a reliable system with an up to 40-year service lifetime, independent of the charging-discharging regime. The system avoids any harmful chemicals and embodies the core principles of safety, reliability, sustainability and cost-effectiveness. This HPES solution will be attractive for offshore projects requiring an interface to provide power balancing and scheduling, which will benefit stakeholders in the oil-and-gas and renewable energy sectors seeking to deliver intermittent power to their end customer. This development will lead to a significant reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to more holistic renewable infrastructure. The PowerBundle provides a scalable storage solution which can be placed in waters close to land, supporting the scale-up, resilience and economies of renewable electricity. However, as a first step, the innovative Repurposed Offshore Pipelines as Energy Storage (ROPES) solution repurposes existing, aged offshore installations into energy storage systems based on proven hydro-pneumatic principles, towards a cost-competitive, highly reliable system. Findings from a recent Concept Assess study prove the cost competitiveness of the solution, thanks to a low Levelised Cost of Storage (LCOS), paired with the value of deferring full decommissioning of existing assets. The study scope covers aspects of market recognition, technical feasibility, risk and opportunity assessment, cost estimates and value delivery to potential clients. Four case studies covering potential prospects offshore Australia and in the North Sea illustrate the diverse architectural application of the solution. The resultant cost estimates form the Net Present Value (NPV) analysis, and eventually derive the solution LCOS, which shows cost superiority over marinised Li-ion batteries and is comparable to onshore battery systems. The solution shows clear benefits over a typical battery storage system, including reduced safety risks, less topside constraints along with a longer and predictable operating lifetime. The ROPES solution enables the storage of renewable power whilst allowing to optimise time and expenditure for decommissioning of existing infrastructure, therefore represents a unique opportunity to unlock a new market segment within the offshore energy sector while the PowerBundle technology reaches maturity.