Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Seawater desalination'
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Nayar, Kishor Govind. "Improving seawater desalination and seawater desalination brine management." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/121886.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis. "Thesis contains very faint/illegible footnote numbering"--Disclainer Notice page.
Includes bibliographical references.
Water scarcity is an increasing problem globally. Seawater desalination is increasingly being relied upon as a means of mitigating the problem of water scarcity. However, seawater desalination has costs associated with it: capital costs, cost of energy to desalinate and environmental costs from the discharge of high salinity brine. Efficient and cost-effective seawater desalination and desalination brine management systems are necessary to make seawater desalination a sustainable scalable process. This work seeks to improve seawater desalination and seawater desalination brine management in several ways. For the first time, the thermophysical properties of seawater have been characterized as a function of pressure across the full desalination operating regimes of temperature, salinity and pressure. Functions that allow accurate thermodynamic least work of desalination and seawater flow exergy analysis have been developed.
The least work of desalination, brine concentration and salt production was investigated and the performance of state-of-the-art brine concentrators and crystallizers was calculated. Hybrid designs of reverse osmosis (RO) and electrodialysis (ED) were proposed to be integrated with a crystallizer to concentrate desalination brine more efficiently. The RO-ED-crystallizer concept was applied to two separate applications: (a) salt production from seawater and (b) zero brine discharge seawater desalination. A parametric analysis to minimize the specific cost of salt production and water production was conducted. Parameters varied were: the ratio of seawater to RO brine in the ED diluate channel, ED current density, ED diluate outlet salinity, electricity, water and salt prices, and RO recovery by adding a high pressure RO (HPRO) stage. Results showed that significant cost reductions could be achieved in RO-ED systems by increasing the ED current density from 300 A/m² to 600 A/m².
Increasing RO brine salinity by using HPRO and operating at 120 bar pressure reduced salt production costs while increasing water production costs. Transport properties of monovalent selective ED (MSED) membranes were also experimentally obtained for sodium chloride, significantly improving the accuracy of modeling MSED brine concentration systems. MSED cell pairs transported only about ~~50% the water but nearly as much salt as a standard ED cell pair, while having twice the average membrane resistance.
Supported by Center for Clean Water and Clean Energy at MIT and KFUPM Project No. R13-CW-10, King Fahd University of Petroleoum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
by Kishor Govind Nayar.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering
Yu, Kwun Lok. "Modeling injection and extraction wells for seawater desalination in SEAWAT." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111534.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 67-68).
Subsurface intakes and disposal systems are gaining interest for seawater desalination in comparison with the older open ocean intake/discharge systems that induce many environmental problems. Facilities using reverse-osmosis technology to desalinate seawater require stringent feed water quality to operate efficiently, and are particularly prone to membrane fouling when contaminants enter the system. Subsurface systems leverage coastal aquifers as natural filters, increasing the effective flow field for seawater extraction and brine disposal, and are proven to reduce impacts on the coastal environment. In this study, we developed groundwater models in SEAWAT, a three-dimensional finite difference groundwater model capable of simulating a varying-density environment, to learn about the interactions of seawater, brackish water, freshwater and brine due to extraction and injection activities, with salinities ranging from 0-70 PSU, and densities ranging from 10009/L to 10509/L. Two hypothetical desalination plants with freshwater production rates adequate to supply 750 people and 7500 people were simulated. Using simplified cross-sectional two-dimensional models, an optimal offshore location can be identified to implement subsurface intake systems to extract seawater closest to the coastline while minimizing impacts on existing freshwater storage from seawater intrusion. Models have also shown that for the same desalination plants, the coastal aquifer is more tolerant of brine injection than feedwater extraction; given that desalination plants typically have a 50% efficiency, half of the extracted seawater becomes freshwater, and only the remaining wasted brine is injected into the aquifer. A 2D test model with an expanded longshore domain, as well as a 3D test model with non-uniform properties in the longshore direction were also developed to test sensitivity when the longshore domain is changed.
by Kwun Lok Yu.
M. Eng.
Batho, Mark P. (Mark Peter) 1968. "Economics of seawater desalination in Cyprus." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67163.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (p. 48-52).
The Republic of Cyprus is currently suffering from severe drought conditions. This is not uncommon to Cyprus, as they frequently experience three to four year droughts every decade. They are currently in the middle of their fourth year of drought. Some Cypriots believe that the main reason for water shortages is due only to low levels of rainfall (average rainfall in Cyprus is 500 mm per year, and less than 400 mm per year is considered a drought year). It is not disputed that this is part of the problem. However, my belief, along with many Cypriots is that the biggest part of the problem is one of water allocation. Agriculture in Cyprus contributes approximately 5% to the GDP, yet consumes 75% of available water in Cyprus. The remainder of water is left for the sector of the economy that produces the remaining 95% of the GDP, of which municipal, industrial and tourist uses are of greatest importance. One may ask why this is so. According to some Cypriots, it is because Cypriot farmers are thought to be a politically influential group, and that they farm more as a way of life, rather than to earn a living directly. Others discount this "way of life" theory. What is important, however is that farming is using a lot of water and is contributing very little to the GDP of Cyprus. For example, Citrus crops grown within the Southern Conveyor System (a large network of water conveyance pipes stretching for over 100 km in the southern part of the island) (see Figure 3, page 16) uses approximately 21% of all available water available in Cyprus, and without Government subsidies would not show profitability. Although there may be some aesthetic value in citrus groves one must ask if it is economically and environmentally justified to continue farming citrus. To do so means building seawater desalination plants that contribute 5.0 to 6.0 kg of CO 2, a greenhouse gas, to the atmosphere per m3 of water produced by desalination, along with the cost of the water nearing one US dollar per m3 . Desalination is a painful solution to Cyprus' water shortage that could be otherwise be addressed with a proper water allocation scheme.
by Mark P. Batho.
M.Eng.
Hughes, Amanda Jane. "Solar powered membrane distillation for seawater desalination." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2922.
Full textBin, Marshad Saud Mohammed H. "Economic evaluation of seawater desalination : a case study analysis of cost of water production from seawater desalination in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2996.
Full textHarrison, Catherine J. "Bench-scale testing of seawater desalination using nanofiltration /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2005. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/dissertations/fullcit/1433104.
Full text"August, 2005." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-84). Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2005]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm. Online version available on the World Wide Web.
Miranda, Marcos. "Small-scale wind-powered seawater desalination without batteries." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2003. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10708.
Full textNafey, Ahmed Safwat M. T. "Design and simulation of seawater thermal desalination plants." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15208/.
Full textVishwanathappa, Manohar D. "Desalination of seawater using a high-efficiency jet ejector." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2463.
Full textThomson, A. Murray. "Reverse-osmosis desalination of seawater powered by photovoltaics without batteries." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2003. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10701.
Full textKochanov, Ruslan. "Forward osmosis for seawater desalination membrane development and process engineering." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/29179.
Full textUdono, Ken, and n/a. "Modelling Seawater Desalination With Waste Incineration Energy Using Dynamic Systems Approach." Griffith University. School of Information and Communication Technology, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070110.164750.
Full textBermudez-Contreras, Alfredo S. "An energy recovery device for small-scale seawater reverse osmosis desalination." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6098.
Full textMohamed, Hassan S. B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "A numerical analysis of condenser performance of a seawater desalination system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54517.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 31).
This thesis presents the numerical analysis of three type condensers for desalination of seawater system. The condensers that were analyzed were a finned tube condenser that was built in Malaysia desalination plant, a cooling tube condenser in Jordan, and a common plate finned tube condenser. The goal of the analysis is to observe the thermal performance parameters of a condenser such as heat and mass transfer coefficient, surface effectiveness and condensate flow rate. The parameters that were changed in the analysis were the face velocity of air, the water velocity, and the number of rows of tubes. The numerical analysis was done based on basic heat exchanger analysis using e-NTU method for a dry case, and using a j-factor correlation that was developed by McQuiston for studying the wet case. Results from the basic heat exchanger analysis showed the air humidity ratio profile and temperature profile of air and water at the outlet of the condenser. The exit air temperature and humidity ratio were inversely proportional to the length of the condenser, whereas the temperature of the water at the outlet was proportional to the length of the condenser. Results from the j-factor correlation method show that the heat and mass transfer coefficient of the system increased when the number of rows of tubes, face velocity and water velocity increased. Similarly, the analysis showed that the condensate flow rate was highly influenced by the face velocity. In addition, the surface effectiveness was inversely proportional to the face velocity.
by Hassan Mohamed.
S.B.
Al, Hinai Ahmed. "Decision mapping and optimal inspection models for Oman Seawater desalination plants." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.654764.
Full textUdono, Ken. "Modelling Seawater Desalination With Waste Incineration Energy Using Dynamic Systems Approach." Thesis, Griffith University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365604.
Full textThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Information and Communication Technology
Full Text
Palmstrøm, Andreas, and Rolf Anders Brandsvoll. "Wave Energy Driven Desalination of Seawater – Experimental investigation of the hydrodynamic performance." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for marin teknikk, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-15332.
Full textBaghbanzadeh, Mohammadali. "Nano-composite Membranes and Zero Thermal Input Membrane Distillation for Seawater Desalination." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35742.
Full textHashim, Ahmed. "Foulants investigations and performance modelling analyses in seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.489274.
Full textYang, Rong Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Prevention of biofouling in seawater desalination via initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD)." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/91066.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Biofouling, the undesirable settlement and growth of organisms, occurs immediately when a clean surface is immersed in natural seawater. It is a universal problem and the bottleneck for seawater desalination, which reduces both the yield and the quality of desalted water. Mitigation of fouling in a desalination operation is an on-going challenge due to the delicate nature of desalination membranes, the vast diversity of fouling organisms, and the additional cross-membrane transport resistance exerted by an extra layer of coating. This thesis focuses on benign interface engineering methods and ultra-thin zwitterionic coating synthesis to bridge this gap in surface modification strategies. The direct application of ultra-thin coatings on commercial membranes with intact membrane performance has been enabled by a room-temperature vapor treatment called initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD). Diffusion-limited reaction conditions have shown to significantly improve the surface concentration of the antifouling zwitterionic moieties, which is crucial to the fouling resistance of modified membranes. Robustness of the ultra-thin coating is enhanced through cross-linking and covalent attachment between the membrane and the film. The resulting durability of the antifouling coating and its resistance to oxidative reagents lead to an unprecedented synergistic effect that is critical to longterm fouling resistance, which provides unique insight into the adhesion of microbial foulant and promises to lower the price of freshwater in water-scarce countries, where desalination may serve as the only viable means to provide the water supply necessary to sustain agriculture, support personal consumption, and promote economic development.
by Rong Yang.
Ph. D.
Madan, Kadhem Hassan Ali. "The avoidance of membrane fouling in Ro desalination of Arabian Gulf seawater." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394226.
Full textAl-Rawajfeh, Aiman Eid. "Modelling and simulation of CO2 release in multiple effect distillers for seawater desalination." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=972520511.
Full textGilabert, Oriol Guillem. "Optimization of ultrafiltration membrane cleaning processes. Pretreatment for reverse osmosis in seawater desalination plants." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/108954.
Full textThis thesis gives an overview on how to improve efficiency of the ultrafiltration filtration process in seawater desalination. This is achieved by optimizing different cleaning processes such as the backwash and the chemical enhanced backwash. Key success factors rely on reducing the number of backwash steps, improving the backwash frequency, using reverse osmosis brine for backwashing and reducing the chemical consumption. A new methodology to analyze these cleanings cycles is proposed through modeling the process. Different fibers types are also analyzed according to its permeability and its fouling tolerance. A methodology to prevent reverse osmosis chlorination from upstream chemical enhanced backwash cleaning is presented. All the findings are validated through real plant operating data. The proposed improvements increase the process efficiency to 98% and lead to a 7% cost reduction in the ultrafiltration process.
Woldai, Abraha. "Modelling, simulation and adaptive control of a multi-stage flash (MSF) seawater desalination process." Thesis, University of Bath, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242796.
Full textBlersch, Catherine Louise. "Planning for seawater desalination in the context of the Western Cape water supply system." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95848.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa has historically been reliant on inexpensive surface and groundwater resources; however, as pressure on these resources continues to grow, seawater desalination has begun to emerge as a potential future supply source. One of the towns earmarked as a candidate for large-scale seawater desalination is Cape Town. In order to maximise the benefits and minimise the costs of such a scheme, the desalination plant needs to be considered as an integral part of the current system. Integrated planning has been lacking at the existing seawater desalination plants in South Africa, most of which were constructed as emergency schemes and are financially cumbersome for the municipalities to operate and manage. Recent research related to inter-basin water transfer schemes has shown that a comprehensive approach is required in assessing water supply from a new scheme in which the system as a whole is modelled stochastically and the estimated water transfer extracted. This comprehensive approach was the foundation of the modelling undertaken in this research. Existing models of the Western Cape system were adapted to include a seawater desalination plant, and short-term and long-term analyses were completed for a variety of possible desalination plant operating scenarios and capacities. The increase in system yield and the annual supply from the desalination plant were determined. First-order capital and operating costs were estimated, and these costs were combined with the annual supply values to calculate and compare unit reference values. The maximum increase in yield was found to occur when the seawater desalination plant is used as a base supply, operational all the time. There was little benefit, in terms of system yield, in using the desalination plant as an emergency supply source only. Unit reference values for the desalination plant decrease as the percentage supply from the desalination plant increases, meaning that the lowest possible cost per cubic metre of water supplied is when the desalination plant is used as a base supply. It was also apparent that the unit reference values decrease with an increase in desalination plant capacity, suggesting that, from an economic perspective, the optimal solution would be to have one large desalination plant operational immediately. The lower the reservoir trigger level at which the desalination plant becomes active, the larger the stochastic variation in the supply from the desalination plant and hence the larger the variation in the costs. Hence, using stochastic modelling to calculate unit reference values is particularly important for integrating a desalination plant into an existing conventional supply system when used as a peak or emergency supply source.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika maak histories staat op goedkoop oppervlak- en grondwaterhulpbronne. Namate druk op hierdie hulpbronne aanhou toeneem, begin seewaterontsouting egter as ’n moontlike toekomstige waterbron na vore tree. Een van die stede wat as ’n kandidaat vir grootskaalse ontsouting geïdentifiseer is, is Kaapstad. Vir die meeste moontlike voordele teen die laagste moontlike koste, moet so ’n ontsoutingsaanleg as ’n integrale deel van die huidige stelsel beskou word. Geïntegreerde beplanning het tot dusver tekortgeskiet by bestaande ontsoutingsaanlegte in Suid-Afrika, wat merendeels as noodskemas opgerig is en waarvan die bedryf en bestuur ’n finansiële las op munisipaliteite plaas. Onlangse navorsing oor skemas vir tussenbekkenwateroordrag toon dat ’n omvattende benadering vereis word om watervoorsiening uit ’n nuwe skema te beoordeel. Volgens so ’n benadering word die stelsel in die geheel stogasties gemodelleer en die geraamde wateroordrag onttrek. Dié omvattende benadering was dan ook die grondslag vir die modellering wat in hierdie navorsing onderneem is. Bestaande modelle van die Wes-Kaapse stelsel is aangepas om ’n ontsoutingsaanleg in te sluit, en kort- en langtermynontledings is vir verskeie moontlike ontsoutingsaanlegvermoëns en -bedryfscenario’s voltooi. Die toename in stelselopbrengs en die jaarlikse watervoorsiening uit die ontsoutingsaanleg is bepaal. Kapitaal- en bedryfskoste van die eerste orde is geraam, welke koste toe met die jaarlikse voorsieningswaardes gekombineer is om eenheidsverwysingswaardes te bereken en te vergelyk. Die maksimum toename in opbrengs blyk te wees wanneer die ontsoutingsaanleg as ’n basisbron dien wat te alle tye in werking is. Wat stelselopbrengs betref, was daar weinig voordeel in die gebruik van die aanleg as ’n noodwaterbron. Eenheidsverwysingswaardes vir die ontsoutingsaanleg neem af namate die persentasie voorsiening uit die aanleg toeneem, wat beteken dat die laagste moontlike koste per kubieke meter water verkry word wanneer die ontsoutingsaanleg as ’n deurlopende basisbron dien. Dit was ook duidelik dat die eenheidsverwysingswaardes afneem met ’n toename in aanlegvermoë, wat te kenne gee dat die optimale oplossing uit ’n ekonomiese oogpunt sou wees om onmiddellik een groot ontsoutingsaanleg in bedryf te stel. Hoe laer die opgaardamvlak waarop die ontsoutingsaanleg in werking tree, hoe groter die stogastiese variasie in watervoorsiening uit die aanleg, en hoe groter die variasie in koste. Daarom is die gebruik van stogastiese modellering om eenheidsverwysingswaardes te bereken veral belangrik vir ’n ontsoutingsaanleg wat as ’n spits- of noodwaterbron dien.
Abutayeh, Mohammad. "Theoretical and experimental simulation of passive vacuum solar flash desalination." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2010. http://digital.lib.usf.edu/?e14.3502.
Full textWagner, Ole. "Modelling and simulation of transport phenomena in open channel spiral wound modules for seawater desalination /." Düsseldorf : VDI-Verl, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015715135&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Full textSassi, Kamal M. "Optimal scheduling, design, operation and control of reverse osmosis desalination : prediction of RO membrane performance under different design and operating conditions, synthesis of RO networks using MINLP optimization framework involving fouling, boron removal, variable seawater temperature and variable fresh water demand." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5671.
Full textBognar, Kristina [Verfasser]. "Energy and water supply systems in remote regions considering renewable energies and seawater desalination / Kristina Bognar." Aachen : Shaker, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1051573041/34.
Full textAl-Rawajfeh, Aiman Eid [Verfasser]. "Modelling and Simulation of CO2 Release in Multiple-Effect Distillers for Seawater Desalination / Aiman Eid Al-Rawajfeh." Aachen : Shaker, 2004. http://d-nb.info/1181604028/34.
Full textKleinguetl, Kevin (Kevin G. ). "Experimentation and application of directional solvent extraction for desalination of seawater and shale gas 'frac' flowback water." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68533.
Full text"June 2011." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 18).
A recently demonstrated directional solvent technique for desalination of water has been tested for desalting seawater and shale gas 'frac' flowback water. The premise behind directional solvent extraction is that when certain organic oils such as decanoic acid are heated, they dissolve water without dissolving some other water soluble substances such as sodium chloride which can later be removed; upon cooling the absorbed water precipitates and is collected. This technique was tested to desalt a 3.5% w/w solution of sodium chloride in water, to simulate seawater salinity. The yield of water recovered as a fraction of the total weight of decanoic acid and its salinity was measured for various high operating temperatures. The average salinity of the recovered water was recorded to be 0.08%, while the yield percentage ranged between 0.32% and 1.65%, increasing with temperature. The same experiment was repeated using a 10.5% w/w solution of sodium chloride in water, to simulate 'frac' water salinity. In order to pave the way to practical application and commercialization of this technique, two industrial processes have been proposed; a one semi-continuous process and a fully continuous process which may be chosen depending on the throughput requirements, desired system size, and resource availability.
by Kevin Kleinguetl.
S.B.
Mondamert, Leslie. "Seawater desalination, autopsy and cleaning of reverse osmosis membranes recovered from full-scale plants and pilot units." Poitiers, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010POIT2264.
Full textNagaraj, Veena. "Investigation and control of biofouling in seawater reverse osmosis desalination membranes by bacteria and their extracellular polysaccharides." Thesis, Nagaraj, Veena (2017) Investigation and control of biofouling in seawater reverse osmosis desalination membranes by bacteria and their extracellular polysaccharides. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2017. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/37865/.
Full textHöpfner, Johannes [Verfasser]. "A new method of seawater desalination via acrylic acid based hydrogels: Synthesis, characterisation, and experimental realisation / Johannes Höpfner." Karlsruhe : KIT Scientific Publishing, 2014. http://www.ksp.kit.edu.
Full textAlemi, Mehrnoosh. "The effect of wind fluctuations on the membrane of a stand-alone wind powered seawater Reverse Osmosis (RO) desalination unit." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2019. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2243.
Full textBeery, Matan [Verfasser], and Günter [Akademischer Betreuer] Wozny. "Novel Sustainable Concepts in Process Design and Assessment of Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination Pre-treatment / Matan Beery. Betreuer: Günter Wozny." Berlin : Universitätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität Berlin, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1031993754/34.
Full textWilliams, Joseph. "Tapping the oceans : the political ecology of seawater desalination and the water-energy nexus in Southern California and Baja California." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/tapping-the-oceans-the-political-ecology-of-seawater-desalination-and-the-waterenergy-nexus-in-southern-california-and-baja-california(58750cb5-0c7c-4cfb-a3bd-8bef8ce21984).html.
Full textDeshpande, Jaydeep Sanjeev. "Investigations on Solar Powered Direct Contact Membrane Distillation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71370.
Full textMaster of Science
Hawaidi, Ebrahim A. M. "Simulation, optimisation and flexible scheduling of MSF desalination process under fouling. Optimal design and operation of MSF desalination process with brine heater and demister fouling, flexible design operation and scheduling under variable demand and seawater temperature using gPROMS." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5629.
Full textHájek, Zdeněk. "Výzkum zařízení pro úpravu mořské vody a další aplikace." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234229.
Full textGuirguis, Mageed Jean. "Energy Recovery Devices in Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plants with Emphasis on Efficiency and Economical Analysis of Isobaric versus Centrifugal Devices." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3135.
Full textHawaidi, Ebrahim Ali M. "Simulation, optimisation and flexible scheduling of MSF desalination process under fouling : optimal design and operation of MSF desalination process with brine heater and demister fouling, flexible design operation and scheduling under variable demand and seawater temperature using gPROMS." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5629.
Full textJui, Chang Yu, and 張瑀芮. "Development of Seawater Desalination Technology." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35995769616255374115.
Full text大葉大學
工學院碩士在職專班
101
The very limited world freshwater resources mean the uncertainty thereof has impact on the survival and economic development of human society. Despite abundant rainfall in Taiwan, rainwater retention remains challenging because of the temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation. Additionally, conventional ways of developing water resources are unable to guarantee steady water supply. These factors point to significant impact on Taiwan's society and economy in case of water shortages. This study, through data collection and analysis, investigates the feasibility of seawater desalination in Taiwan's development of water resources. Based on the state of water resources utilization in Taiwan, it is still difficult for seawater desalination to achieve commercial scale on the main island, but it has its advantages. Unlike the conventional way of developing reservoirs, seawater desalination has the advantages of reliable water sources, short construction periods, low land demand, low environmental impact, and high quality produced water. However, it requires much higher costs in comparison with reservoirs. The possible use of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind energy instead of fuels such as petroleum and coal can reduce not only costs but also carbon footprint emissions. The government can thereby make sensible adjustments to water prices and calculate reasonable prices by taking into account the construction and eco costs of water sources for reservoirs. This author believes that it is possible to strike a balance between the costs of seawater desalination and water prices following the upward adjustment of the latter and the yearly decline in the former. Taiwan may attain sustainability through more effective water resources utilization if it can combine the development and use of seawater desalination with the existing ways of utilizing water resources.
Huang, Kuan-wei, and 黃冠偉. "Study of Seawater Desalination Using Membrane Distillation." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38012110035980419959.
Full text嘉南藥理科技大學
環境工程與科學系暨研究所
98
Membrane distillation (MD) is a relatively new separation process which is being investigated worldwide as a low cost, energy saving alternative to other conventional separation processes. Plasma-modified polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes for use in membrane distillation were prepared with composite PTFE membranes. The composite membrane consisted of a porous woven support and a dense PTFE layer. The membranes were characterized using contact angle measurement. Finally, the plasma-modified membranes were tested for their performance in the process of desalination by means of the air gap membrane distillation (AGMD) and direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD). It was found that the plasma treatment strongly affected the surface hydrophilicity of the modified membranes and thus enhanced their desalination performance. It was also found that prolonging the plasma treatment time and increasing the plasma power significantly decreased the water contact angle and significantly changed the surface morphology of the modified membranes. Furthermore, the plasma treatment only slightly changed the roughness and surface porosity. Such changes in the surface’s morphology and polarity enhanced the hydrophilicity of the modified membranes and then significantly improved the permeation flux but expectedly decreased the salt rejection.
Wu, Chi Chan, and 吳奇展. "Study of Membrane Distillation Process for Seawater Desalination." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43291422000229101646.
Full text國立成功大學
機械工程學系
86
As the increase of global population compound with the rapid economic growthin mant developing countries, the demand for fresh water in those areas hasresen to a record level. Therefore, seeking a good clean water resource hasbecome an important domestic as well as worldwide issue. It is believed thesea water desalination may be the ultimate way to provide enough fresh water.Among many desalination methods, membrane distillation method is chosen as the interesting method in my study to investigate its performance in separatingthe fresh water from brine water.Membrane distillation is a process in which two solutions at different temperatures are separated by a microporous membrane. Because temperaturedifference which causes a corresponding vapor pressure difference across themembrane provides the driving force of the membrane distillation process. Thevapor evaporates through a porous membrane, and condenses on a coolant surfaceat the other side of the membrane. This paper is focused on air-gap membrane distillation (AGMD). A single stageAGMD facility is set up to investigate the transfer process, and the obtained data is confirmed by the theory of heat and mass transfers. Various kinds ofmembrane are used to examine the relationship between the permeate flux andmany other important parameters such as feed and cooling temperatures,membrane pore size, porosity etc. Finally, the scanning electron microscopy(SEM) is used to observe and analyze the detailed structure of membrane andthe crystallized salt on the membrane surface.The obtained experimental results show that the permeate flux increases exponentially with an increase in hot side temperature and is only slightly affected by the increase in salt concentration, and it*s hardly changed with the coolant flow rate. As the temperature difference between the feed solution and cooling flow increases, the effect due to polarization become obvious. The crystallized salts are found ( under SEM ) to block the membrane pores and result in the reduce of permeate flux or even the damage of membrane structure.
Hau-EnLuo and 羅浩恩. "Microfluidic Seawater Desalination Device Using Ion Concentration Polarization." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93596573183013596320.
Full text國立成功大學
工程科學系
102
The shortage of fresh water is a serious problem in the world today. Climate change is leading to vanishing glaciers and reduced precipitation, which threatens the water supply of more than one-sixth of the Earth’s population. Our device is advantageous because it has a small footprint, is portable, scalable, consumes little power, and is highly energy efficient. In this study, we manufactured a microfluidic seawater desalination device using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) fabrication techniques and the self-sealed Nafion junction method. The ion concentration polarization (ICP) effect occurs at the junction of the micrometer and ion-selective nanometer channels when an electric field is applied across the channels. Both cations and anions are enriched at the cathode end and depleted at the anode end of a micro/nanojunction. The ion concentration is very low in the depletion zone; thus, the depletion zone repels charged particles, and no ions can pass through this region. This phenomenon is the principle underlying the ICP seawater desalination method used in this experiment. In seawater desalination experiments we applied 100 V to the microfluidic chip with One Nafion Junction and introduced a (Q = 5 µl/min) solution of 0.5 M NaCl and 10–5 M fluorescein into the chip. Seawater desalination was observed at the eighth minute after the voltage was applied. We discuss the desalination effect of several types of seawater desalination devices. These devices exhibit a different design of Nafion nanochannels. We could not produce a steady seawater desalination phenomenon. The major defect in this experiment lies in the fabrication of the nanochannel. We used the self-sealing method to produce micro/nanojunctions in our device; however, nonuniform Nafion sediment resulted in unsealed gaps. We will discuss these problems in more detail in chapter 5.
Max, M. D., K. Sheps, S. R. Tatro, L. Brazel, and J. P. Osegovic. "SEAWATER DESALINATION AS A BENEFICIAL FACTOR OF CO2 SEQUESTRATION." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1034.
Full textPatroklou, G., Kamal M. Sassi, and Iqbal M. Mujtaba. "Simulation of boron rejection by seawater reverse osmosis desalination." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/9711.
Full textBoron is a vital element for growth of creations, but excessive exposure can cause detrimental effects to plants, animals, and possibly humans. Reverse Osmosis (RO) technique is widely used for seawater desalination as well as for waste water treatment. The aim of this study is to identify how different operating parameters such as pH, temperature and pressure can affect boron concentrations at the end of RO processes. For this purpose, a mathematical model for boron rejection is developed based on solution-diffusion model which can describe solvent and solute transport mechanism through the membranes. After a wide and thorough research, empirical correlations developed in the past are filtered, adopted and calibrated in order to faction with reliability as part of the solution-diffusion model of this work. The model is validated against a number of experimental results from the literature and is used in further simulations to get a deeper insight of the RO process. The general findings of the boron rejection model are supporting the case that with increasing pH and operating pressure of the feed water, the boron rejection increases and with increasing feed water temperature the boron rejection decreases.
Haw-YangSheu and 許浩洋. "Integrated Assessment of Developing Seawater Desalination in Tainan Area." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/yc2mz7.
Full text國立成功大學
海洋科技與事務研究所
107
The advantage for water supply from seawater desalination lies on its flexibility and expansion as well as offering a stable and clean water source, which made it possible as emerged water source. In this study, semi-structured qualitative interview was applied with grounded theory analysis to investigate how the stakeholders perceive the seawater desalination plant in Tainan city. System dynamic model was employed to construct supply-demand model of Tainan city water resource to analyze how desalinated seawater affect the supply of water resource and management strategy in the future. By using grounded theory, five issues of major concern among the stakeholders were summarized as follows. 1. The stakeholders wish to handle an integrated plan through national policy; and to 2. Implement the seawater desalination plant project; 3. The layout of the plan shall respect the public opinions and allow public participation; 4. Avoid causing environmental impact; 5. Expand water resource development and build up management measures. The desalinated seawater hopefully will be able to balance supply and demand of the tap water at Tainan city in the future, especially when the demand for industrial water increased or during the dry season the desalinated seawater supply may alleviate the pressure when industrial water is short. The water resource management simulation may aim at industrial water supply and demand to build up the model to investigate the control measures and water resource management of the industrial water in details.
Leao, Antonio Jose. "Polymer film heat transfer elements for multi-effect and vapour compression desalination." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27376.
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