Academic literature on the topic 'Seasons'

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Journal articles on the topic "Seasons"

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Dinku, Tufa, and Emmanouil N. Anagnostou. "Investigating Seasonal PR–TMI Calibration Differences." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 25, no. 7 (July 1, 2008): 1228–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jtecha977.1.

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Abstract Seasonal differences in the calibration of overland passive microwave rain retrieval are investigated using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) and precipitation radar (PR). Four geographic regions from southern Africa, South Asia, the Amazon basin, and the southeastern United States are selected. Three seasons are compared for each region. Two scenarios of algorithm calibration are considered. In the first, the parameter sets are derived by calibrating the TMI algorithm with PR in each season. In the second scenario, common parameter sets are derived from the combined dataset of all three seasons. The parameter sets from both scenarios are then applied to the validation dataset of each season to determine the effect of seasonal calibration. Furthermore, calibration parameters from one season are also applied to another season, and results are compared against those derived using the season’s own parameters. Appreciable seasonal differences are observed for the U.S. region, while there are no significant differences between using individual seasonal calibration and the all-season calibration for the other regions. However, using one season’s parameter set to retrieve rainfall for another season is associated with increased uncertainty. It is also shown that the performance of the retrieval varies by season.
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Wang, Xianyan, Fuxing Wu, Samuel T. Turvey, Massimiliano Rosso, and Qian Zhu. "Seasonal group characteristics and occurrence patterns of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) in Xiamen Bay, Fujian Province, China." Journal of Mammalogy 97, no. 4 (January 21, 2016): 1026–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyw002.

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Abstract Monthly field surveys were conducted between August 2010 and July 2015 to explore seasonal group characteristics and occurrence patterns of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) in Xiamen Bay, China. Dolphins formed larger groups in winter and spring (dry seasons) than in summer and autumn (wet seasons; U = 1,564.00, P < 0.001). Sighting encounter rates were higher during the wet season than during the dry season (U = 181.00, P < 0.001), while individual encounter rates were not significantly different between seasons (F = 0.494, d.f. = 3, P = 0.688). Dolphin sightings and the foraging events were mainly found in inner harbors (Western Harbour and Tongan Bay) during the dry seasons and in peripheral areas (Jiulong River Estuary, Wuyu, and Dadeng-Xiaodeng) during the wet seasons. Seasonal occurrence patterns may be associated with the seasonal prey shifts between these different environments.
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Otani, Naruhito, Kazuhiko Nakajima, Kaori Ishikawa, Kaoru Ichiki, Yoshiko Yoda, Takashi Ueda, Yoshio Takesue, et al. "Comparison of the Hemagglutination Inhibition Titers against Influenza Vaccine Strains in Japan from the 2017/2018 to 2021/2022 Seasons Using a Single Set of Serum Samples." Viruses 14, no. 7 (June 30, 2022): 1455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14071455.

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In Japan, inactivated influenza vaccines are used. We measured titers of antibodies to vaccine strains of three influenza types—influenza A (H1N1), influenza A (H3N2), and influenza B/Victoria—from the 2017/2018 to 2021/2022 seasons, but not for influenza A (H3N2) from the 2018/2019 season, using a single set of serum samples from 34 healthy volunteers, and assessed the consistency in antibody positivity between seasons. The antibody titers in the 2017/2018 season were used as a reference. The influenza A (H1N1) antibody titer in 2019/2020 did not differ significantly from that in the 2017/2018 season, but the titers varied in the two subsequent seasons. The influenza A (H3N2) antibody titers toward the 2019/2020, 2020/2021, and 2021/2022 seasonal viruses differed significantly from that in the 2017/2018 season. The influenza B/Victoria antibody titer toward the 2019/2020 seasonal antigen differed from that in the 2017/2018 season, and the antibody positivity was inconsistent between seasons; however, the antibody titer in the 2020/2021 season did not differ significantly from those in the prior two seasons, and the antibody positivity was consistent between seasons. Antibody titers and their consistency can be used to evaluate cross-immunity of antibodies.
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Angermeier, Vitus. "Seasons in Ancient Indian Medicine." History of Science in South Asia 10 (October 12, 2022): 247–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18732/hssa89.

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Most notions of the seasons in works of ancient Indian medicine list frost, spring, summer, rainy season, autumn and winter as the particular times of the year. However, in some contexts, the hibernal season frost (śiśira) is left out and replaced by a second rainy season, called beginning of the rain (prāvṛṣ) and placed between summer and the actual rainy season. In this paper, I firstly introduce the concept of the seasons and the division of the year into two halves. Secondly, I examine the dichotomy of two seasonal schemes inside one scientific corpus, which varies regarding the included seasons. Concerning this matter, I follow the investigations of Francis Zimmermann in order to prove that the two schemes are utilized both intentionally and systematically in specific contexts. The two seasonal schemes serve diverse cases, being of use for the physician in different aspects of his work.
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RAMACHANDRAN, V. S., and N. M. MURALI. "On the relationship between milk yield and climatic factors." MAUSAM 43, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v43i2.3388.

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Statistical analysis was carried out between seasonal milk yield and some of the derived climatic variables at a semi-arid tropical locality in Bangalore. The study revealed that the milk yields varied from the highest (9, 3 lit/cow/day) in summer season to the lowest (8, 5 lit/cow/day) in winter season and almost the same in both the monsoon season (8, 7 and 8, 5 lit/cow/day during southwest and northeast monsoon seasons). It was envisaged that the climatic components like wind chill index had negative effect while wetness index and photo-thermal heat units had both positive (summer and winter seasons) and negative (two monsoon seasons) influences on seasonal milk yields.
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Piotrowska, Krystyna, and Agnieszka Kubik-Komar. "A comparative analysis of Poaceae pollen seasons in Lublin (Poland)." Acta Agrobotanica 65, no. 4 (2012): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2012.020.

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The aim of the present study was to compare the dynamics of grass pollen seasons and to assess whether the method of grouping pollen seasons and years with similar weather conditions would apply to the same groups. On the basis of Spearman's correlation test between pollen counts and weather parameters during the pollen season, the strongest positive correlation was found with temperature and air humidity. The pollen seasons greatly varied in terms of air humidity, rainfall, and cloud cover, whereas temperature variations were small. The seasons in 2004 (very cold) and in 2010 (very warm) are exceptions. As a result of cluster analysis, three groups of seasons were distinguished. The grouping of seasons by using various criteria produced different groups of pollen seasons. No strong direct relationship was found between the mean values of the seasonal meteorological factors analysed and groups of seasons. PCA analysis can be used for quick and easy interpretation of weather characteristics of a particular season and to compare it with other seasons.
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Nguyen, Minh Hai, Sylvain Ouillon, and Duy Vinh Vu. "Seasonal variation of suspended sediment and its relationship with turbidity in Cam - Nam Trieu estuary, Hai Phong (Vietnam)." Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ Biển 21, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 271–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/16076.

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We analyzed the seasonal variation of suspended sediment and its relationship with Turbidity in Cam - Nam Trieu estuary based on data measured during three different seasons: Early wet season (May 2015), wet season (September 2015) and dry season (January 2016). The results highlighted the seasonal variation of suspended particle matter (SPM) concentrations with river flow. The average SPM concentration was highest during the dry season, with 62.95 mg/L. They were not significantly different between the early wet and wet seasons, with 59.65 mg/L and 50.94 mg/L, respectively. This study also demonstrated a strong dependence between SPM and Turbidity in the study area. The coefficients of determination varied from 0.867 to 0.971 (linear relationship), and from 0.95 to 0.991 (proportional relationship). Therefore, turbidity can be used to estimate SPM concentration. However, this relationship changed markedly with the seasons, and hence when determining SPM concentration, seasonal factors must be considered.
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Misra, Vasubandhu, Amit Bhardwaj, and Ryne Noska. "Understanding the Variations of the Length and the Seasonal Rainfall Anomalies of the Indian Summer Monsoon." Journal of Climate 30, no. 5 (February 15, 2017): 1753–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0501.1.

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Abstract The canonical relationship between the length and the total seasonal rainfall anomalies of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) is the association of the longer (shorter) season with wetter (drier) seasonal rainfall anomalies. This study shows that such canonical behavior is clearly associated with relatively strong ENSO SST anomalies in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean that appear in the boreal summer and fall seasons. The noncanonical relationship is caused by a longer (shorter) season associated with drier (wetter) ISM seasonal rainfall anomalies. A majority of these noncanonical seasons, with anomalously short season length but anomalously high seasonal mean rain, tend to occur under relatively weak La Niña forcing during the boreal summer season. Although the onset of such seasons occurs through canonical ENSO forcing of a large-scale meridional temperature gradient, the demise is dictated by the depletion of moist static energy from the underlying cooling of the upper ocean in the northern Indian Ocean. This is due to stronger meridional Ekman ocean heat transport forced by the stronger low-level atmospheric southwesterlies than those in the corresponding canonical wet ISM season.
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Oguntunji, A. O., O. A. Oladejo, and K. L. Ayorinde. "Seasonal variation in egg production and mortality of Muscovy ducks (Cairina Moschata)." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 31, no. 2 (2015): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1502181o.

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Seasonal variation is one of the principal non-genetic factors influencing performance of poultry in tropical environment. This study was conducted to investigate influence of seasonal variation on egg production and incidence of mortality in intensively-reared non-descript Muscovy ducks in Nigeria. Egg production and incidence of mortality in sixty two (62) female Muscovy ducks was studied in a 12-month trial divided into two major seasons: wet (April - September) and dry (October - March) and four sub-seasons: early rainy season (April - June), late rainy season (July - September), early dry season (October - December) and late dry season (January - March). Student?s t-test and Completely Randomized Design was used to analyse seasonal and sub-seasonal effect on performance, respectively. Season and sub-season significantly (P < 0.05) affected egg production; higher egg production was recorded in wet season compared with dry season (16.18% vs. 1.32%). Among sub-seasons, highest egg production was recorded in late rainy season (20.92%) while the least (0.00%) was obtained in late dry season. Conversely, there was no significant (P > 0.05) effect of season and sub-season on mortality. It is evident that seasonal variation had no effect on incidence of mortality but significantly affected egg production of Muscovy duck and the adverse effect is more pronounced in dry season most especially in late dry season.
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Geng, Dehui Christina, John L. Innes, Wanli Wu, Weiwei Wang, and Guangyu Wang. "Seasonal Variation in Visitor Satisfaction and Its Management Implications in Banff National Park." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 4, 2021): 1681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041681.

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Seasonal variations in tourist satisfaction is an important issue for the sustainable management of national parks worldwide. Visitors should have high-quality experiences in both the high season and the off-season. This research investigated visitor satisfaction patterns and determinants in Banff National Park in different seasons. The study was conducted through a face-to-face questionnaire survey that collected visitor demographic, expectation and satisfaction data in July 2019 (high season) and December 2019 (off-season) in Banff National Park. The data analyses were based on a sample of 741 respondents and were processed using principal component analysis, correlation analysis and logistic regression models for different seasons. There were significant differences in visitor satisfaction levels and their determinants in different seasons. The quality of the park’s natural characteristics and the park’s activities were the most important determinant of visitor satisfaction in the high season and off-season, respectively. The correlation between visitor satisfaction and expectations in the high season was generally negative, whereas all correlations in the off-season were positive. The results fill a knowledge gap by examining the seasonal differences in visitor experience and their determinants in the national park, and by building a bridge between visitor experience and tourism seasonality. The findings may assist both practitioners and scholars in understanding visitor expectations and satisfaction in different seasons. They may assist in the prioritization and effective management of the park to optimize the visitor experience in both seasons and achieve tourism sustainability.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Seasons"

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Golden, Paula. "Seasons." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1983.

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A sense of place and time has been the unconscious focus of my adult life. While living in Hawaii I often searched for ancient rock carving sites. These art forms have the ability to convey the mystery, magic and history of previous times. I use human figures, beads and various textiles with similarities to these petroglyphs as a powerful metaphor for my search to find a place that is home
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Jirampaikool, Nayada. "Four seasons." Archived version of website from 2001; most images missing The author's current website, including a version of the thesis project, 2001. http://www.nkool.com/.

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Smith, Steven Lyle. "Haiku Seasons." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2695/.

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Haiku Seasons is a choral work that uses several haiku to portray moments in nature. Spread throughout the performance space, four choirs (SATB, 3/part) depict larger parts of the pastoral scene (i.e., mountains, the moon, etc.). Soloists depart from the choirs in order to perform solo, duo, trio, and quartet passages, which take place throughout the work. If enough singers are available, individual soloists may be used. The soloist groups display the more intimate moments of the scenes (i.e., sparrows, a blade of grass, etc.). The intent of Haiku Seasons is to create an image of nature isolated from human interaction. Thus, the image is a pastoral setting with many independent parts all coexisting in a relatively silent world. I combine aspects of tonality, time, space, and silence to create this image.
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Pearse, Morgan. "Four Seasons." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3463.

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FOUR SEASONS By Morgan Pearse, MFA. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Fine Art in Sculpture + Extended Media at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2014. Major Director: Matt King, Assistant professor, Sculpture + Extended Media. Fantasy functions in a mental space. Cyberspace is a fantasy world. Cyberspace is a mental space mediated by the individual, but also through/into itself. What does an internal thought mean when it is directed towards strangers via online avatar? The Internet exists. Your body exists. There is something in between. There is no singular meaning or defined content. Instead, there are multiple meanings and content(s). “It all depends how you look at it.” Mystery is important, but it’s better to be entertaining at the same time. There is no narrative. I’m not a doctor. “This isn’t rocket science.” The body of this text is comprised of both found and original content.
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Lee, Grace. "Drawing Through 4 Seasons." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35739.

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This thesis is concerned with architecture and its changes through four seasons. It is about drawing new images of a building in different seasons. Like trees change their leaves in seasons and like people change their clothes in seasons, this project is about architecture changing its architectural elements in four seasons. It all began with an imagination of how a building would respond differently in each of the four seasons. The project, located at the waterfront of Old Town, Alexandria, Virginia, is an Aquatic Center with swimming pools, changing areas, saunas, fitness area, and massage areas. The Aquatic Center creates different images to its visitors through surrounding natures and their changes, architectural elements and their movements, visitors and their activities. The goal was to provide people unique and different experiences every time they visit.
Master of Architecture
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Challons, Siu. "Nicolas Poussin's The Four Seasons." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59633.

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Nicolas Poussin's landscapes, The Four Seasons, 1660-1664, have been the subject of extensive analysis because of their enigmatic character and the modulation in Poussin's style in his last years. The meaning of these representations has, however, remained cryptic and, to some extent, neglected.
This thesis attempts to make a contribution toward unravelling the mystery of The Four Seasons. These profound works reflect Poussin's religious persuasion, knowledge of which is essential to an understanding of them. Poussin's religious convictions, however, are difficult to discern with any precision; for, although he died a Catholic, he was closely associated with the progressive thinking that influenced religious belief in the Baroque age, much of which was rejected by the Church of Rome.
Nevertheless, Poussin was undoubtedly a devout Christian, inspired particularly by the early Christian Fathers and Stoics. It is in nature, above all, though, that he perceived God's presence and message which he strove to capture in his "altarpiece" to the seasons.
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Bennett, Donald G. "Seasons of adulthood an integrated identity /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1990. http://www.tren.com.

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Kushniryk, O. V. "Impact of seasons on circadian rhythm." Thesis, БДМУ, 2020. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18035.

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La, Guardia Nave Renata. "Forage Herbage Accumulation and Nutritive Value Dynamics of a Mixed Cool-Season Grass Sward across Seasons." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338322037.

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Judilla, Judy Fondales. "Introduction to cosmetology: Color seasons and palettes." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1757.

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Books on the topic "Seasons"

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Montesano, Anthony P. Seasons. New York: Montike Publications, 1993.

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Schlepp, Tammy J. Seasons. Brookfield, Conn: Copper Beech Books, 2000.

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Czuleger, Rebecca. Seasons. New York: Zebra Books, 1996.

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Forster, Rebecca. Seasons. New York, NY: Kensington Pub. Corp., 1996.

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Education, Child. Seasons. Leamington Spa: Scholastic, 1998.

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Brown, Janet Allison. Seasons. London: Watts, 2003.

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Blexbolex. Seasons. New York: Enchanted Lion Books, 2010.

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Jennette, MacKenzie, ed. Seasons. [Place of publication not identified]: ETA Cuisenaire, 2002.

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ill, Baker Alan 1951, and Salariya David, eds. Seasons. New York: Franklin Watts, 2002.

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ill, Hall Susan T., ed. Seasons. Mahwah, N.J: Troll Associates, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Seasons"

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Zegers, Kip. "Seasons." In The Promise Is, 69–73. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4994-8_41.

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Wilcox, Alison. "Seasons." In Descriptosaurus, 61–69. Third edition. | Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon : Routledge, [2017]: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315107110-15.

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Wilcox, Alison. "Seasons." In Descriptosaurus, 84–93. 4th ed. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032707709-20.

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Johnston, Derek. "Introduction: Defining Television Gothic." In Haunted Seasons, 1–18. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137298959_1.

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Johnston, Derek. "The British Ghost Story at Christmas." In Haunted Seasons, 19–57. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137298959_2.

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Johnston, Derek. "A Broadcast Tradition." In Haunted Seasons, 58–93. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137298959_3.

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Johnston, Derek. "Irruptions of the Abnormal." In Haunted Seasons, 94–117. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137298959_4.

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Johnston, Derek. "Seasonality, Nostalgia, Heritage and History." In Haunted Seasons, 118–48. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137298959_5.

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Johnston, Derek. "The Ghost Story for Christmas and ‘Treehouse of Horror’." In Haunted Seasons, 149–79. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137298959_6.

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Zhao, Yongqin, Sijia Wang, Difan Chen, Kaijie Huang, Siyuan Zhang, Waishan Qiu, and Wenjing Li. "Estimating the Impacts of Seasonal Variations of Streetscape on Dockless Bike Sharing Trip with Street View Images and Computer Vision." In Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication, 211–24. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8405-3_18.

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AbstractA significant portion of the cycling experience is influenced by the streetscape, and this impact varies throughout the year. The temporal dynamic of streetscape has been neglected in most previous studies, including urban public mobility route choices. This paper examines the correlation between dockless bike sharing and streetscape as well as spatial elements in different seasons using a large amount of GPS bike trajectory data collected by LIME. The study shows that: (1) DBS volume is significantly influenced by seasonal streetscape factors such as roads, cars, sidewalks, tree, and vegetation color; (2) How significantly these seasonal factors affect DBS volume differs in summer and autumn; (3) In both summer and autumn models, non-seasonal factors like mixed land use score, street network connectivity, etc., are significant. Some non-seasonal factors only impact the DBS volume in one season; (4) When adding subjective perception to models of both seasons, model explanatory does get improved very slightly.
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Conference papers on the topic "Seasons"

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Hu, Haowei, Zhuo Shang, and Sihan Yuan. "Seasons." In SA '11: SIGGRAPH Asia 2011. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2077356.2425763.

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Nedealcov, Maria. "Manifestarea anotimpurilor în contextul schimbarilor climatice." In Impactul antropic asupra calitatii mediului. Institute of Ecology and Geography, Republic of Moldova, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53380/9789975330800.01.

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The early manifestation of the seasons and seasonal temperature's increasing trend for all seasons require adequate solutions of adaptation to climate change. Knowledge of the spatio-temporal variability of climatic parameters that characterize the seasons, focusing on the last decades - a period of time when climatic variability is even more pronounced compared to previous periods, is of particular interest. Analysis of the density of the seasonal average temperature distribution function indicates a shift to the right for the values, which demonstrates warming trend for all the seasons. The highest accelerated rhythm belongs to winters and summers, and in this context the duration of the seasons and the accumulation of daily temperatures with a certain thermal threshold is also changing.
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Pavlenko, S. I., and O. A. Vedyasova. "Influence of seasons on heart rate variability during cognitive activity in students with different types of daily activity." In VIII Vserossijskaja konferencija s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem «Mediko-fiziologicheskie problemy jekologii cheloveka». Publishing center of Ulyanovsk State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34014/mpphe.2021-159-161.

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It is shown that changes of heart rate variability (HRV) in students with morning, afternoon and evening chronotypes under cognitive load are characterized by seasonal dependence. A more pronounced seasonal modulation of HRV is characteristic of "pigeons", whose background values of HRV parameters and responses to load during the school day are greater in the autumn-winter period than in the spring-summer period. In" larks", HRV changes in the conditions of cognitive activity dominate in the spring-summer season, and in "owls" – in the autumn-winter season, but the observed reactions are weaker than in "pigeons". The observed differences in HRV may be caused by seasonal features of mechanisms of the heart adaptation in different chronotypes. Keywords: heart rate variability, seasons of the year, chronotypes, cognitive load.
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Kawashima, Takashi, Togo Kida, and Yoshimasa Niwa. "Takashi's seasons." In the 14th annual ACM international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1180639.1180873.

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Kawashima, Takashi. "Takashi's seasons." In SIGGRAPH07: Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1280120.1280140.

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M.H, Norlida, Mohammad Aufa M.B, Muhammad Naim Fadzli A.R, Mohd Shahril Shah M.G, and Czahari M. "Effect of Different Fertilizer Management on Water Quality in the Paddy Field." In 2nd International Conference on Agriculture, Food Security and Safety. iConferences (Pvt) Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32789/agrofood.2021.1002.

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Agricultural intensification is one of the major causes of water pollution. In recent decades, agricultural water quality degradation has become more severe, which in turn emphasizes the importance of improving and implementing sustainable agricultural practices. Precision agriculture variable rate fertilizer application technology is seen as a strategy to reduce environmental pollution caused by excessive fertilizer usage. Fertilizer input rate is altered within the field in response to factors affecting the optimal application rate. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of uniform rate and variable–rate (N) fertilizer management on surface water quality. Various physical and chemical water quality parameters at the water inlet, paddy field, irrigation canal, and drainage canals were also examined to evaluate seasonal water quality trends. Water sampling was carried out twelve times between September 2018 and July 2019, involving two cultivation seasons within a total of 60 hectares of paddy field in FELCRA Seberang Perak, Malaysia. All water quality measures fall within classes II to IV of the Malaysian National Water Quality Standards (NWQS) with the exception of P, Al, and Fe. In season one, 64% of P, 46% of Al, and 18% of Fe concentrations were found to exceed NWQS Class IV. However, the percentages were lower compared to season two. During the monitoring period, the average concentration of nitrate and ammonia in variable-rate plots was lower than uniform rate plots in both seasons. Furthermore, temperature, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), pH, Cu, Fe, K, and Mn were significantly different between the two seasons of cultivation.
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MAŠEK, Jiří, and Václav CÍSAŘ. "EVALUATION OF COMBINE HARVESTERS FLEET MANAGEMENT." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.149.

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Combine harvesters play a crucial role in grain harvest. Due to seasonal character of work of these machines is necessary to achieve high standard in durability and reliability during working period. There is lots of requirements that have to be done according to the crop type, field conditions and as well as high performance and lower costs. Combine harvesters are the main harvesting technology of cereals in the world and main piece of work should be done in short time. The aim of this paper is an economic analysis of combine harvester’s fleet in different working conditions. The evaluation is based on exact costs analysis of combine harvesters New Holland brand sort by different ages and different concepts of threshing. Used data were collected during all working seasons of combines. There is a data set from 10 seasons. There is two groups in evaluation - 9 machines NH CR 9080 and another 9 machines NH CX 8080. Working parameters evaluated are fuel consumption and operational costs. Thanks to on board computer we have data about performance of each machine per day and per whole season. Costs are calculated as fixed and variable and then summarized for every machine. The result shows that effect of costs analysis depends on annual performance of the machine. There is positive effect on depressing fixed cost due to higher performance in season. A special result of this study is evidence of intervenes reason during all seasons and setting up the coefficient of repairs for the group of combines.
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Ariyawansha, R. B. V. K., and P. I. A. Gomes. "Microplastic Content in Non-Point Source And Point Sources of Colombo And Suburbs – Experimental Study on the Impact of Seasonal Variation." In SLIIT 2nd International Conference on Engineering and Technology. SLIIT, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54389/jbln4596.

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Microplastics, which can enter aquatic environments through various sources, are small plastic pieces that are less than 5 mm in length. There are two types: primary and secondary microplastics. Sri Lanka has limited studies on microplastics in inland water bodies, so this research aims to quantify the levels of microplastic pollution in Colombo's surface waters in a spatiotemporal manner. Samples were taken from Beira Lake, Dutch canal network, Talangama canal, in wet and dry seasons. Microplastic concentrations were determined using NOAA guidelines and an optical microscope. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 21, including One-way Anova and Pearson correlations to identify significant differences and correlations. The study found that Dutch Canal had the highest average microplastic concentration of 12.7 mg/L during the wet season, and the lowest of 4.2 mg/L during the dry season. Both Dutch Canal and Talangama canal showed significantly higher microplastic concentrations during the wet season than the dry season, while the opposite was found in Beira Lake. The statistical analysis showed significant differences between microplastic concentrations in wet and dry seasons in all three water bodies. The microplastic levels in Beira Lake were higher on the surface water during the dry season (4.32 mg/L) and wet season (13.77 mg/L) compared to point sources (4.05 mg/L and 11.68 mg/L, respectively). Furthermore, Dutch canal's point sources showed higher during the dry season (8.47 mg/L) than the wet season (11.51 mg/L) and concentration of microplastics on the surface water was higher during the wet season (5.73 mg/L) than the dry season (7.16 mg/L). Talangama canal had similar patterns to Beira Lake. The study found microplastic contamination in urban and semi-urban surface waters at levels comparable to some industrialized countries, highlighting a concerning issue. KEYWORDS: Microplastic pollution, Seasonal impact, Sri Lanka, Urban, Colombo
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Popescu, Mihai Octavian, Claudia Laurenta Popescu, and Catalina Alexandra Sima. "Electric Power’s Seasons." In 2019 11th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/atee.2019.8724987.

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Shukla, Ashish, G. N. Tiwari, and M. S. Sodha. "Techno-Economic Analysis of an Earth-Air Heat Exchanger for Cooling and Heating of a Building." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82737.

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In this communication a quasi-steady state mathematical model is developed to predict the air temperature at the outlet of an earth-air heat exchanger and seasonal heating and cooling potential, associated with the use of the exchanger. Seasonal values of heating and cooling potential are estimated theoretically and validated by experiments in two distinct seasons, i.e. winter and summer, corresponding to composite climate of New Delhi (28° 35′ N, 77° 12′ E) India. It is observed that there is significant saving of energy and money by reducing cooling and heating loads on air-conditioners, if earth air heat exchanger is used. There is fair agreement between theoretical values and experimentally observed values of the seasonal values of heating and cooling potentials for each season (i.e. winter and summer).
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Reports on the topic "Seasons"

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Kwon, Jaymin, Yushin Ahn, and Steve Cheung. Spatio-Temporal Analysis of the Roadside Transportation-Related Air Quality (StarTraq 2022): Data-Driven Exposure Analysis by Transportation Modes. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2024.2220.

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Particulate matter (PM) pollution poses significant health risks, influenced by various meteorological factors and seasonal variations. This study investigates the impact of temperature and other meteorological variables on PM10 and PM2.5 levels in Fresno County, known for high air pollution. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and generalized additive models (GAMs) assess the significance of these relationships. Analyzing data from Fresno County, we examine PM10 and PM2.5 levels across "hot" (June to August) and "cool" (September to May) seasons. Findings indicate PM10, both MLR and GAM models identify statistically significant variables, excluding temperature and wind direction in each season. However, during the hot season, both temperature and wind direction become statistically significant predictors of PM10. These variables remain insignificant during the cool season. For PM2.5, the MLR model suggests that temperature, humidity, and wind direction are not significant throughout the entire season, while the GAM model finds only wind direction to be insignificant. The temperature is highly significant for hot and cool seasons under the MLR model, whereas humidity becomes insignificant under the GAM model. Model performance is evaluated using measures of fit, indicating that MLR outperforms GAM for PM10 during the entire and hot seasons, while GAM performs better during the cool season. For PM2.5, GAM outperforms MLR during the cool seasons, with no clear distinction in performance during the hot season. The regional air quality PM2.5 at Fresno and meteorological conditions were closely related to the concentration of on-road particulate matter. From the intercity monitoring of PM2.5 and BC, on-road concentrations were statistically significantly higher than those measured in-vehicle (p<.001). Therefore, in-vehicle particle concentrations were safe compared to the on-road concentrations. In most cases, PM2.5 on the highways was higher than PM2.5 on the local roadways. On-road transportation-related particles measured in the San Joaquin Valley were significantly higher than those measured in the Bay Area. The results from a daily dose of transportation-related PM2.5 estimation based on a 2-hour commute and an 8-hour trip demonstrated that children under 11 years of age are more vulnerable than adults. In-vehicle daily doses were significantly lower than the on-road daily doses. This study highlights the importance of considering seasonal variations and meteorological factors when modeling PM pollution. It underscores PM's sensitivity to temperature and wind direction in Fresno County's hot season, offering insights for effective pollution management from transportation and policy implementation to mitigate the adverse health effects.
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Haywood, James D. Seasonal and cumulative loblolly pine development under two stand density and fertility levels through four growing seasons. New Orleans, LA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/so-rp-283.

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Runyon, Todd C. A MDMP for All Seasons: Modifying the MDMP for Success. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada435830.

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Tomlin, Harry A. Organizational Design of Light Forces: A Structure for all Seasons. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada211014.

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Oden, Rikki. Effectiveness of Focused Water Conservation Messaging in the Clackamas River, OR. Portland State University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/mem.67.

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The Clackamas River in Oregon is a drinking water source for upwards of 300,000 people living in the Portland metro region. This river experiences seasonal low flow during the annual dry season throughout summer and early fall when endangered salmon species return to the river to spawn. This dry season also coincides with the highest period of urban water use. Since precipitation is minimal at this time, water users choose to water their lawns to make up for the lack of rain which contributes to water use tripling during the driest part of the year. To promote local water conservation, the Clackamas River Water Providers (CRWP)—who manage source water protection and public outreach and education around watershed issues, drinking water, and water conservation for the eight water providers on the river—have created a water conservation campaign that they intend to promote each dry season for the next several years. First promoted during the dry season of 2019, the messaging focuses on the flow needs of endangered salmon and asks water users to cease outdoor watering altogether. Through focus group discussion and a survey of water users, this research investigates public perception and opinion of the CRWP’s summer water conservation messaging campaign with the goal of improving the effectiveness of the messaging in future dry seasons.
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Rogers, LE. Shrub-Steppe Seasons A Natural History of the Mid-Columbia Basin. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/888924.

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Arrizaga, Rubí, Damian Clarke, Pedro P. Cubillos, and Cristóbal Ruiz-Tagle V. Wildfires and Human Health: Evidence from 15 Wildfire Seasons in Chile. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005003.

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Wildfires are increasing in frequency and intensity. We study the impact of exposure to wildfires on air pollutants and on human health in Chile, finding substantial impacts on both classes of outcomes. We use data on 15 wildfire seasons (2004-2018) matched with granular (intra-day) records of wind direction and air quality, as well as administrative records of all hospitalizations in the country. By combining the precise location of fires with wind direction at the moment in which fires occur, we estimate causal impacts of exposure to wildfires. We find considerable impacts. Exposure to a large wildfire (250 Ha) is observed to increase PM2:5 concentrations by 10% on average in municipalities up to 200km from the epicenter of the wildfire. These effects have appreciable impacts on rates of hospitalization. A one standard deviation increase in exposure to large wildfires is estimated to increase rates of respiratory hospitalizations by 0.75%, while the effect of exposure to the most extreme week of wildfires observed is estimated to increase hospitalizations by as much as a third. Effects are found to be particularly acute for infants, and to grow with the size of the exposure to wildfire (both in terms of duration and area burned).
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Näslund-Hadley, Emma, María Clara Ramos, Juan Roberto Paredes, Ángela Bolivar, and Gustavo Wilches-Chaux. Our Climate is Changing. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006273.

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People used to take the weather and climate for granted -butnot anymore! They are both now studied intensively by scientists and discussed by celebrities and newscasters as they become increasingly important to our own daily lives. Every place on Earth has a climate. A climate includes factors that remain fairly constant for at least 30 years, such as temperature, humidity, the amount of water present in the air, and rainfall. The region between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn is called the intertropical (or equatorial) region. This is Earth's "waist" where there are no seasons. The weather tends to remain constant throughout the year. When discussing areas in these regions, instead of referring to seasonal weather changes, we might refer to them as having a rainy climate, meaning it rains frequently all year long. The weather in countries above and below the intertropical region are affected by seasons. For example, these climates may be rainy in the winter and dry in the summer. Weather refers to short-term conditions in a particular area that can quickly change, sometimes within minutes. Climate, however, does not normally change at a rapid pace. In fact, it can take years, decades, or even longer before changes in the climate can be felt.
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Perkins, Dustin. Invasive exotic plant monitoring in Capitol Reef National Park: 2020 and 2021 field seasons. National Park Service, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294094.

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Invasive exotic plant (IEP) species are a significant threat to natural ecosystem integrity and biodiversity. Controlling them is a high priority for the National Park Service. The Northern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) selected the early detection of IEPs as one of 11 moni-toring protocols to be implemented as part of its long-term monitoring program. From June 5 to July 29, 2020, and May 30 to June 2, 2021, network staff conducted surveys for priority IEP species along the Oak Creek, Pleasant Creek, and State Route 24 monitoring routes at Capitol Reef National Park. We detected 834 patches of 11 priority IEP species along 67.9 kilometers (42.2 miles) of three monitoring routes. There were more patches of tamarisk along State Route 24, and a higher percentage of large patches, than in previous years. This indicates that previously identified IEP patches have expanded and grown. Field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) and Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) along State Route 24 have both increased in prevalence since monitoring began. Tamarisk (Tamarix sp.) was the most prevalent prior-ity IEP species on all three routes. On Oak and Pleasant creeks, there were fewer than three patches of all other IEPs. On State Route 24, there were 30 or more patches of Russian olive, quackgrass (Elymus repens), field bindweed, and blue mustard (Chorispora tenella). IEP prior-ity species were found on 71%, 47%, and 62% of transects along Oak Creek, Pleasant Creek, and State Route 24, respectively. Yellow sweet-clover (Melilotus officinalis) was the most fre-quently observed IEP on Oak Creek and Pleasant Creek. Percent cover was highest for yellow sweet-clover, Russian thistle (Salsola sp.), and tamarisk on Oak Creek, Pleasant Creek, and State Route 24, respectively. The NCPN plans to return to Capitol Reef in 2023 to continue the fourth rotation of invasive plant monitoring.
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Chambers, Katherine, Joshua Murphy, Jessamin Straub, and Alejandra Enriquez. An examination of multihazard marine transportation system (MTS) response and recovery operations during the 2020 hurricane season. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48078.

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The Committee on the Marine Transportation System (CMTS), Resilience Integrated Action Team (RIAT), was established in 2014 to foster the coordination and coproduction of knowledge that incorporates the concepts of resilience into the marine transportation system (MTS). The RIAT defines resilience as a four-phase cycle that incorporates preparation, response, recovery, and adaptation activities to minimize disruption to the MTS. The RIAT utilizes this definition of resilience to convene first-responder CMTS agencies to examine challenges and successes and make recommendations about past hurricane seasons. The 2020 hurricane season saw a record-breaking number of storms form in the Atlantic basin during a global pandemic. As a result, federal agencies were challenged to operate in a multihazard posture, and many former lessons learned needed to be adjusted to this unprecedented situation.
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