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Journal articles on the topic 'Seasonal Selection'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Seong, Byeong-Chan, Sung-K. Ahn, and Sin-Sup Ch. "Semiparametric Seasonal Cointegrating Rank Selection." Korean Journal of Applied Statistics 24, no. 5 (October 31, 2011): 791–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/kjas.2011.24.5.791.

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2

Morehouse, N. I., N. Mandon, J. P. Christides, M. Body, G. Bimbard, and J. Casas. "Seasonal selection and resource dynamics in a seasonally polyphenic butterfly." Journal of Evolutionary Biology 26, no. 1 (November 29, 2012): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12051.

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3

Janjua, N. Z., D. M. Skowronski, T. S. Hottes, G. De Serres, N. S. Crowcroft, and L. C. Rosella. "Selection bias explains seasonal vaccine's protection." BMJ 339, no. 24 3 (November 24, 2009): b4972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b4972.

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4

Zarebski, Alexander E., Peter Dawson, James M. McCaw, and Robert Moss. "Model selection for seasonal influenza forecasting." Infectious Disease Modelling 2, no. 1 (February 2017): 56–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idm.2016.12.004.

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5

Wittmann, Meike J., Alan O. Bergland, Marcus W. Feldman, Paul S. Schmidt, and Dmitri A. Petrov. "Seasonally fluctuating selection can maintain polymorphism at many loci via segregation lift." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 46 (October 30, 2017): E9932—E9941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1702994114.

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Most natural populations are affected by seasonal changes in temperature, rainfall, or resource availability. Seasonally fluctuating selection could potentially make a large contribution to maintaining genetic polymorphism in populations. However, previous theory suggests that the conditions for multilocus polymorphism are restrictive. Here, we explore a more general class of models with multilocus seasonally fluctuating selection in diploids. In these models, the multilocus genotype is mapped to fitness in two steps. The first mapping is additive across loci and accounts for the relative contributions of heterozygous and homozygous loci—that is, dominance. The second step uses a nonlinear fitness function to account for the strength of selection and epistasis. Using mathematical analysis and individual-based simulations, we show that stable polymorphism at many loci is possible if currently favored alleles are sufficiently dominant. This general mechanism, which we call “segregation lift,” requires seasonal changes in dominance, a phenomenon that may arise naturally in situations with antagonistic pleiotropy and seasonal changes in the relative importance of traits for fitness. Segregation lift works best under diminishing-returns epistasis, is not affected by problems of genetic load, and is robust to differences in parameters across loci and seasons. Under segregation lift, loci can exhibit conspicuous seasonal allele-frequency fluctuations, but often fluctuations may be small and hard to detect. An important direction for future work is to formally test for segregation lift in empirical data and to quantify its contribution to maintaining genetic variation in natural populations.

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6

Thomas, Jessica L., Kathrine A. Handasyde, Peter Temple-Smith, and Marissa L. Parrott. "Seasonal changes in food selection and nutrition of captive platypuses (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)." Australian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 5 (2017): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo18004.

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Anecdotal observations of captive platypuses (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) suggest that they show a seasonal preference for particular foods, but this has never been rigorously measured. This study aimed to determine seasonal food preferences and energy consumption of captive platypuses so that better protocols for maintaining platypuses in captivity can be developed. Seven platypuses were fed an ad libitum diet with all food items weighed in and out of tanks. Food items were analysed for energy, fats, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals. Platypuses preferred less mobile prey (mealworms, earthworms and fly pupae) over highly mobile prey (crayfish). There was no significant seasonal change in preference for different dietary items, which is more likely to be driven by prey behaviour. Crayfish contributed the largest percentage (mass) consumed and was highly nutritious. While the relative percentage of items in the diet did not change seasonally, the quantity eaten did. The mean energy intake of platypuses was 921 kJ kg–1 day–1 and varied seasonally, being lowest during the breeding season (810 kJ kg–1 day–1) and highest in the postbreeding season (1007 kJ kg–1 day–1). These changes were associated with preparation and recovery from the breeding season. We conclude that the platypus diet is influenced by nutrition and seasonal factors as well as by prey behaviour. This knowledge will contribute to improving the husbandry and management of platypuses, which are widely recognised as difficult to maintain in captivity.

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7

Milewski, Jarosław, Marcin Wołowicz, and Wojciech Bujalski. "Seasonal Thermal Energy Storage - A Size Selection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 467 (December 2013): 270–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.467.270.

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The paper presents a theoretical investigation of using a Seasonal Thermal Energy Storage facility (STES) to cover the heat demand of a complex of four buildings. The STES is placed in the ground and connected to both the local district heating network and solar panels. A number of scenarios were investigated to find an adequate size of the STES (tank size and solar panel area.) The results obtained show that the use of a STES could reduce heat consumption by 22100% depending on the architecture solution chosen.

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8

Cunningham, Frederick L., Guiming Wang, and D. Tommy King. "Seasonal Habitat Selection by American White Pelicans." Diversity 14, no. 10 (September 30, 2022): 821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14100821.

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Resource utilization strategies of avian migrants are a major concern for conservation and management. Understanding seasonal habitat selection by migratory birds helps us explain the ongoing continental declines of migratory bird populations. Our objective was to compare the second-order and third-order habitat selection by the American White Pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos; hereafter pelican) between the breeding and non-breeding grounds. We tested the Lack hypothesis that habitat selection by migratory birds is stronger on the breeding grounds than on the non-breeding grounds. We used random-effect Dirichlet-multinomial models to estimate the second-order habitat selection between the seasons with the GPS locations of 32 tracked pelicans. We used Gaussian Markov random field models to estimate the third-order habitat selection by pelicans at the breeding and non-breeding grounds, accounting for spatial autocorrelation. Pelicans strongly selected waterbodies and wetlands at both non-breeding and breeding grounds, tracking their foraging habitats between the seasons at the home range level. However, pelicans exhibited seasonal differences in the strength of the third-order selection of wetlands and waterbodies with foraging habitat selection being stronger at the breeding grounds than at the non-breeding grounds, supporting the Lack hypothesis.

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9

Neely, B. C., M. A. Pegg, and G. E. Mestl. "Seasonal resource selection by blue suckersCycleptus elongatus." Journal of Fish Biology 76, no. 4 (March 2010): 836–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02532.x.

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10

Wen, Frank, Sidney Bell, Trevor Bedford, and Sarah Cobey. "Estimating Vaccine-Driven Selection in Seasonal Influenza." Viruses 10, no. 9 (September 18, 2018): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10090509.

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Vaccination could be an evolutionary pressure on seasonal influenza if vaccines reduce the transmission rates of some (“targeted”) strains more than others. In theory, more vaccinated populations should have a lower prevalence of targeted strains compared to less vaccinated populations. We tested for vaccine-induced selection in influenza by comparing strain frequencies between more and less vaccinated human populations. We defined strains in three ways: first as influenza types and subtypes, next as lineages of type B, and finally as clades of influenza A/H3N2. We detected spatial differences partially consistent with vaccine use in the frequencies of subtypes and types and between the lineages of influenza B, suggesting that vaccines do not select strongly among all these phylogenetic groups at regional scales. We did detect a significantly greater frequency of an H3N2 clade with known vaccine escape mutations in more vaccinated countries during the 2014–2015 season, which is consistent with vaccine-driven selection within the H3N2 subtype. Overall, we find more support for vaccine-driven selection when large differences in vaccine effectiveness suggest a strong effect size. Variation in surveillance practices across countries could obscure signals of selection, especially when strain-specific differences in vaccine effectiveness are small. Further examination of the influenza vaccine’s evolutionary effects would benefit from improvements in epidemiological surveillance and reporting.

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11

"Seasonal Influences Help Guide Cougar Prey Selection." International Journal of Zoological Research 7, no. 3 (April 15, 2011): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijzr.2011.294.294.

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12

Brakefield, Paul M. "Seasonal polyphenism in butterflies and natural selection." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 11, no. 7 (July 1996): 275–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(96)30025-6.

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13

Ellington, E. Hance, Erich M. Muntz, and Stanley D. Gehrt. "Seasonal and daily shifts in behavior and resource selection: how a carnivore navigates costly landscapes." Oecologia 194, no. 1-2 (September 16, 2020): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-020-04754-1.

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Abstract The dynamic environmental conditions in highly seasonal systems likely have a strong influence on how species use the landscape. Animals must balance seasonal and daily changes to landscape risk with the underlying resources provided by that landscape. One way to balance the seasonal and daily changes in the costs and benefits of a landscape is through behaviorally-explicit resource selection and temporal partitioning. Here, we test whether resource selection of coyotes (Canis latrans) in Cape Breton Highlands National Park, Nova Scotia, Canada is behaviorally-explicit and responsive to the daily and seasonal variation to presumed costs and benefits of moving on the landscape. We used GPS data and local convex hulls to estimate space use and Hidden Markov Models to estimate three types of movement behavior: encamped, foraging, and traveling. We then used integrated step-selection analysis to investigate behaviorally explicit resource selection across times of day (diurnal, crepuscular, and nocturnal) and season (snow-free and snow). We found that throughout the day and seasonally coyotes shifted foraging behavior and altered behavior and resource choices to avoid moving across what we could be a challenging landscape. These changes in behavior suggest that coyotes have a complex response to land cover, terrain, and linear corridors that are not only scale dependent but also vary by behavior, diel period, and season. By examining the resource selection across three axes (behavior, time of day, and season), we have a more nuanced understanding of how a predator balances the cost and benefits of a stochastic environment.

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14

Miura, T., I. Nakamura, and K. Nonaka. "Seasonal effects on fetal selection related to AB0 blood groups of mother and child." Anthropologischer Anzeiger 49, no. 4 (December 18, 1991): 341–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/49/1991/341.

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15

Suski, C. D., and M. S. Ridgway. "Seasonal pattern of depth selection in smallmouth bass." Journal of Zoology 279, no. 2 (October 2009): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2009.00595.x.

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16

Cai, Zhipeng, Tong Zhang, and Xiu-Feng Wan. "Antigenic distance measurements for seasonal influenza vaccine selection." Vaccine 30, no. 2 (January 2012): 448–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.10.051.

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17

REICHARD, M., C. SMITH, and J. BRYJA. "Seasonal change in the opportunity for sexual selection." Molecular Ecology 17, no. 2 (December 20, 2007): 642–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03602.x.

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18

Pollander, Kaylee M., Andrew R. Little, Joseph W. Hinton, Michael E. Byrne, Gregory D. Balkcom, and Michael J. Chamberlain. "Seasonal habitat selection and movements by mottled ducks." Journal of Wildlife Management 83, no. 2 (December 4, 2018): 478–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21605.

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19

Xing, Hua Qiao, and Miao Lu. "Selection of Imagery Change Detection Methods Concerning Seasonal Difference." Advanced Materials Research 1010-1012 (August 2014): 1248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.1248.

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Updating land cover with imagery change detection methods is a hot topic. Many imagery change detection methods have been developed from different views; however, these methods often have their specific applicability, indicating that there is no single method can be universally applicable for land cover updating especially in large area. The main challenge is that not all remote sensing images used in change detection would be aquired from the same season. In this paper, two typical change detection methods SGD and PCC were analyzed and selected respectively for land cover updating concerning the seasonal difference of multi-temporal remote sensed images. Experiment in a case study of Shandong province was conducted by using the two methods. Results indicated that SGD is suitable for consistent seasonal phase images, while PCC can be used for those inconsistent seasonal phase images. It can achieve better accuracy in land cover updating using suitable change detection method concerning seasonal difference.

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20

Ahrestani, Farshid S., Ignas M. A. Heitkönig, and Herbert H. T. Prins. "Diet and habitat-niche relationships within an assemblage of large herbivores in a seasonal tropical forest." Journal of Tropical Ecology 28, no. 4 (June 1, 2012): 385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467412000302.

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Abstract:There is little understanding of how large mammalian herbivores in Asia partition habitat and forage resources, and vary their diet and habitat selection seasonally in order to coexist. We studied an assemblage of four large herbivores, chital (Axis axis), sambar (Cervus unicolor), gaur (Bos gaurus) and Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), in the seasonal tropical forests of Bandipur and Mudumalai, South India, and tested predictions regarding the species’ seasonal diet browse : graze ratios, habitat selection and habitat-niche preference and overlap. Field data collected for the study included the seasonal variation in grass quality, the seasonal variation in δ13C in the species’ faeces and the seasonal variation in the species’ habitat selection and overlap using a grid-based survey. Results of the δ13C analyses showed that the chital was more of a grazer in the wet season (−17.9‰ to −21.6‰), but that it increased the proportion of browse in its diet in the dry season (−25.6‰ to −27.7‰); the gaur was a grazer for most of the year (−15.3‰ to −18.6‰); the sambar preferred to browse throughout the year (−21.1‰ to −30.4‰); and that the elephant was a mixed feeder (−14.2‰ to −21.4‰). Elephant habitat-niche breadth was high (0.53 in wet and 0.54 in dry) and overlapped equally with that of the other species in both seasons (0.39–0.94). The gaur had the most restricted habitat-niche breadth in both seasons (0.25 in wet and 0.28 in dry), and it switched from the moist deciduous habitat in the dry season to the dry deciduous habitat in the wet season. These results offer the first insights into the seasonal variation in browse : graze diet ratios and the habitat-niche overlap amongst the common largest-bodied mammalian herbivore species found in South India.

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21

Acker, Paul, Sarah J. Burthe, Mark A. Newell, Hannah Grist, Carrie Gunn, Michael P. Harris, Ana Payo-Payo, et al. "Episodes of opposing survival and reproductive selection cause strong fluctuating selection on seasonal migration versus residence." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1951 (May 19, 2021): 20210404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.0404.

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Quantifying temporal variation in sex-specific selection on key ecologically relevant traits, and quantifying how such variation arises through synergistic or opposing components of survival and reproductive selection, is central to understanding eco-evolutionary dynamics, but rarely achieved. Seasonal migration versus residence is one key trait that directly shapes spatio-seasonal population dynamics in spatially and temporally varying environments, but temporal dynamics of sex-specific selection have not been fully quantified. We fitted multi-event capture–recapture models to year-round ring resightings and breeding success data from partially migratory European shags ( Phalacrocorax aristotelis ) to quantify temporal variation in annual sex-specific selection on seasonal migration versus residence arising through adult survival, reproduction and the combination of both (i.e. annual fitness). We demonstrate episodes of strong and strongly fluctuating selection through annual fitness that were broadly synchronized across females and males. These overall fluctuations arose because strong reproductive selection against migration in several years contrasted with strong survival selection against residence in years with extreme climatic events. These results indicate how substantial phenotypic and genetic variation in migration versus residence could be maintained, and highlight that biologically important fluctuations in selection may not be detected unless both survival selection and reproductive selection are appropriately quantified and combined.

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22

Yang, Lijian, and Rolf Tschernig. "NON- AND SEMIPARAMETRIC IDENTIFICATION OF SEASONAL NONLINEAR AUTOREGRESSION MODELS." Econometric Theory 18, no. 6 (September 24, 2002): 1408–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266466602186075.

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Non- or semiparametric estimation and lag selection methods are proposed for three seasonal nonlinear autoregressive models of varying seasonal flexibility. All procedures are based on either local constant or local linear estimation. For the semiparametric models, after preliminary estimation of the seasonal parameters, the function estimation and lag selection are the same as nonparametric estimation and lag selection for standard models. A Monte Carlo study demonstrates good performance of all three methods. The semiparametric methods are applied to German real gross national product and UK public investment data. For these series our procedures provide evidence of nonlinear dynamics.

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23

Reid, Jane M., Moray Souter, Sarah R. Fenn, Paul Acker, Ana Payo-Payo, Sarah J. Burthe, Sarah Wanless, and Francis Daunt. "Among-individual and within-individual variation in seasonal migration covaries with subsequent reproductive success in a partially migratory bird." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1931 (July 22, 2020): 20200928. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0928.

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Within-individual and among-individual variation in expression of key environmentally sensitive traits, and associated variation in fitness components occurring within and between years, determine the extents of phenotypic plasticity and selection and shape population responses to changing environments. Reversible seasonal migration is one key trait that directly mediates spatial escape from seasonally deteriorating environments, causing spatio-seasonal population dynamics. Yet, within-individual and among-individual variation in seasonal migration versus residence, and dynamic associations with subsequent reproductive success, have not been fully quantified. We used novel capture-mark-recapture mixture models to assign individual European shags ( Phalacrocorax aristotelis ) to ‘resident’, ‘early migrant’, or ‘late migrant’ strategies in two consecutive years, using year-round local resightings. We demonstrate substantial among-individual variation in strategy within years, and directional within-individual change between years. Furthermore, subsequent reproductive success varied substantially among strategies, and relationships differed between years; residents and late migrants had highest success in the 2 years, respectively, matching the years in which these strategies were most frequently expressed. These results imply that migratory strategies can experience fluctuating reproductive selection, and that flexible expression of migration can be partially aligned with reproductive outcomes. Plastic seasonal migration could then potentially contribute to adaptive population responses to currently changing forms of environmental seasonality.

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24

Ferguson, SH, L. Dueck, LL Loseto, and SP Luque. "Bowhead whale Balaena mysticetus seasonal selection of sea ice." Marine Ecology Progress Series 411 (July 29, 2010): 285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps08652.

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25

Downhower, Jerry F., and Lawrence S. Blumer. "Seasonal Variation in Sexual Selection in the Mottled Sculpin." Evolution 41, no. 6 (November 1987): 1386. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2409102.

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26

Zvereva, Elena L., and Mikhail V. Kozlov. "Seasonal variations in bird selection pressure on prey colouration." Oecologia 196, no. 4 (July 28, 2021): 1017–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-021-04994-9.

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AbstractThe direction and strength of selection for prey colouration by predators vary in space and time and depend on the composition of the predator community. We tested the hypothesis that bird selection pressure on prey colouration changes through the season due to changes in the proportion of naïve juvenile individuals in the bird community, because naïve and educated birds differ in their responses to prey colours. Bird predation on caterpillar-shaped plasticine models in two boreal forest sites increased sevenfold from early summer to mid-summer, and the time of this increase coincides with the fledging of juvenile birds. In early summer, cryptic (black and green) models were attacked at fivefold higher rates compared with conspicuous (red and yellow) models. By contrast, starting from fledging time, cryptic and conspicuous models were attacked at similar rates, hinting at a lower selectivity by naïve juvenile birds compared with educated adult birds. Cryptic models exposed in a group together with conspicuous models were attacked by birds at a threefold lower rate than cryptic models exposed singly, thus supporting the aposematic commensalism hypothesis. However, this effect was not observed in mid- and late summer, presumably due to the lack of avoidance of conspicuous prey by the juvenile birds. We conclude that selection pressure on prey colouration weakens considerably when naïve birds dominate in the community, because the survival advantages of aposematic colouration are temporarily lost for both the conspicuous and their neighbouring cryptic prey.

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27

Beck, Jeffrey L., Kurt T. Smith, Jerran T. Flinders, and Craig L. Clyde. "Seasonal Habitat Selection by Elk in North Central Utah." Western North American Naturalist 73, no. 4 (December 2013): 442–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3398/064.073.0414.

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28

Downhower, Jerry F., Lawrence S. Blumer, and Luther Brown. "SEASONAL VARIATION IN SEXUAL SELECTION IN THE MOTTLED SCULPIN." Evolution 41, no. 6 (November 1987): 1386–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1987.tb02475.x.

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29

Pelletier, Fanie, Denis Réale, Dany Garant, David W. Coltman, and Marco Festa-Bianchet. "SELECTION ON HERITABLE SEASONAL PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY OF BODY MASS." Evolution 61, no. 8 (August 2007): 1969–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00160.x.

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30

Seong, Byeongchan. "Semiparametric selection of seasonal cointegrating ranks using information criteria." Economics Letters 120, no. 3 (September 2013): 592–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2013.06.031.

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31

Owen-Smith, N., J. M. Fryxell, and E. H. Merrill. "Foraging theory upscaled: the behavioural ecology of herbivore movement." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1550 (July 27, 2010): 2267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0095.

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We outline how principles of optimal foraging developed for diet and food patch selection might be applied to movement behaviour expressed over larger spatial and temporal scales. Our focus is on large mammalian herbivores, capable of carrying global positioning system (GPS) collars operating through the seasonal cycle and dependent on vegetation resources that are fixed in space but seasonally variable in availability and nutritional value. The concept of intermittent movement leads to the recognition of distinct movement modes over a hierarchy of spatio-temporal scales. Over larger scales, periods with relatively low displacement may indicate settlement within foraging areas, habitat units or seasonal ranges. Directed movements connect these patches or places used for other activities. Selection is expressed by switches in movement mode and the intensity of utilization by the settlement period relative to the area covered. The type of benefit obtained during settlement periods may be inferred from movement patterns, local environmental features, or the diel activity schedule. Rates of movement indicate changing costs in time and energy over the seasonal cycle, between years and among regions. GPS telemetry potentially enables large-scale movement responses to changing environmental conditions to be linked to population performance.

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32

Day, Casey C., Matthew D. Westover, and Brock R. McMillan. "Seasonal diet of the northern river otter (Lontra canadensis): what drives prey selection?" Canadian Journal of Zoology 93, no. 3 (March 2015): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2014-0218.

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Diet of the northern river otter (Lontra canadensis (Schreber, 1777)) has been examined throughout much of its range and across many habitat types. Few studies have examined prey selection based on prey abundance estimates, however, and prey selection results have been inconsistent. We determined composition, seasonal variation, and prey selection of otter diet in northern Utah comprising multiple habitat types and prey communities. We evaluated the hypothesis that otters take prey according to availability and in inverse proportion to swimming ability. Fish was the primary class of prey taken by otters (96.5%), followed by crustaceans (16.9%). Among families, otter diet was composed primarily of Salmonidae and Cottidae, the two families that dominated the fish community of the main-channel habitat. Otter diet varied seasonally for nearly all classes (G[24] = 127.8, P < 0.001) and families (G[18] = 132.94, P < 0.001) of prey. In particular, fish occurrence was lower during summer than during other seasons (P ≤ 0.05), whereas crustacean (i.e., crayfish (Astacoidea)) occurrence was higher (G[3] = 71.1, P < 0.001). At the family level, occurrence of Salmonidae was greatest during fall (G[3] = 11.7, P < 0.01). Within one of our habitat types, we found otters to select for prey in proportion to abundance and in inverse proportion to swimming ability, with otters selecting for Catostomidae and Cyprinidae, against Salmonidae, and Cottidae according to its abundance. We conclude that habitat type may be the initial driver of prey selection, while factors such as abundance, agility, and life history of prey may be secondary drivers.

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33

Hug, T., W. Gujer, and H. Siegrist. "Modelling seasonal dynamics of Microthrix parvicella." Water Science and Technology 54, no. 1 (July 1, 2006): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.387.

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The filamentous bacteria “Microthrix parvicella” can cause serious bulking and scumming in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) all over the world. Decades of research have identified Microthrixas a specialized lipid consumer but could not clarify the processes that allow this organism to successfully compete in activated sludge systems. In this study we developed a model, based on ASM3, that describes the pronounced seasonal variations of Microthrix abundance observed in a full-scale WWTP. We hypothesize that low temperatures reduce the solubility of lipids and inhibit their uptake by non-specialized bacteria. The presented model structure and parameters successfully fit the measured data; however they do not necessarily reflect the only and true selection mechanism for Microthrix. This model is not yet to be used for prediction; it is rather a valuable research tool to coordinate the discussion and plan future research activities in order to identify the relevant selection mechanisms favoring Microthrix in activated sludge systems.

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34

Helidoniotis, Fay, and Malcolm Haddon. "Growth model selection for juvenile blacklip abalone (Haliotis rubra): assessing statistical and biological validity." Marine and Freshwater Research 63, no. 1 (2012): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf11103.

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Accurate estimates of marine organism growth are important for modelling the dynamics of populations and rely on the selection of an appropriate growth model. However, there is no assurance that the statistically optimum model will also be biologically plausible. Three growth models (von Bertalanffy, Gompertz and a linear model) were fitted to a dataset consisting of two cohorts of juvenile size classes of blacklip abalone (Haliotis rubra). Results show that the non-seasonal Gompertz was statistically better than the non-seasonal von Bertalanffy and linear models. There was a persistent seasonal signal through the juvenile size range, with slow growth in winter and fast growth during summer. When a seasonal term was formally incorporated, the model fits were greatly improved, particularly for the linear and von Bertalanffy models. The seasonal-Gompertz predicted growth rates that were biologically implausible for juveniles of 2 mm shell length; 107 μm day–1 for one cohort and 24 μm day–1 for the other. These rates are inconsistent with published growth rates observed under both controlled and wild conditions. In contrast, the seasonal-linear model predicted growth rates of 60 μm day–1 for animals of 2 mm shell length, consistent with published findings. The selection of a growth model based solely on statistical criteria may not take into account the complex processes that influence growth of juveniles.

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35

Zarei, Mohammad, Ahmad Kameli, and Majid Dastras. "Inappropriate hospital site selection: A case report‎." Asian Journal of Health Sciences 6, no. 2 (October 31, 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15419/ajhs.v6i2.469.

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Introduction: Health centers as one of the main urban services, and one of the key factors in assessing the feasibility of sustainable development in cities have a high sensitivity to location and choice of accommodation. Case Report: Shirvan is the largest city after the capital of the province in North Khorasan of Iran. On the southern edge of the city of Shirvan, there is a seasonal river between the city and Ayatollah Hashemi Rafsanjani Hospital. The need to build a solid bridge is essential for safe access to the hospital, which, unfortunately, has not been achieved. The constructed roundabout passes approximately one meter from the river floor. In the spring of 2019, there was heavy rainfall in most parts of the country, and the area was not poor. The rains blocked access to Ayatollah Hashemi Rafsanjani Hospital as water flowed into the seasonal river. Conclusion: A hospital that should help itself to a crisis was itself a cause of the crisis in a short time.

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EVANS, STEVEN G., ANDREW J. PELSTER, WAYNE C. LEININGER, and M. J. TRLICA. "Seasonal diet selection of cattle grazing a montane riparian community." Rangeland Ecology & Management 57, no. 5 (2004): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2004)057\[0539:sdsocg\]2.0.co;2.

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Evans, Steven G., Andrew J. Pelster, Wayne C. Leininger, and M. J. Trlica. "Seasonal Diet Selection of Cattle Grazing a Montane Riparian Community." Journal of Range Management 57, no. 5 (September 2004): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4003985.

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Carney, Heath J., and Charles R. Goldman. "Seasonal phytoplankton r- and K-selection in oligotrophy Lake Tahoe." SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010 23, no. 2 (August 1988): 672–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1987.11899690.

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Cox, Felicity, Warwick B. Badgery, David R. Kemp, and Gaye Krebs. "Seasonal diet selection by ewes grazing within contrasting grazing systems." Animal Production Science 57, no. 9 (2017): 1824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an16722.

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Grazing management systems seek to control the relationship among animals, plants and soil by regulating the number of animals and the duration and location of animals. A greater understanding of the diet selection and activity of livestock within grazing systems will assist producers to make informed management decisions about their management within complex pastures. In the present paper, differences in the diet quality, selection and activity of ewes managed within contrasting systems (continuous-grazing (CG) and an intensive (20-paddock) rotational-grazing (RG) system) within a native pasture in the Central Tablelands of New South Wales, using non-invasive methodologies, are described. During two time periods (late spring and early autumn), the animals grazing within the CG system consumed a diet of higher quality and spent less time active than did those within the RG system. These differences resulted in higher individual animal production of CG animals that were able to maintain the herbage of preferred areas in a vegetative and highly nutritious state. The grazing animals selected the green herbage of higher quality than the average pasture and adjusted their selection seasonally. An underlying mechanism driving selection is the green : dead ratio of the herbage. Practically the results indicated that the green : dead ratio (or greenness) of herbage may provide a management trigger to enhance the production of animals grazing within a RG system, in particular during periods of higher requirement.

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Robertson, David E., and Q. J. Wang. "A Bayesian Approach to Predictor Selection for Seasonal Streamflow Forecasting." Journal of Hydrometeorology 13, no. 1 (February 1, 2012): 155–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-10-05009.1.

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Abstract Statistical methods commonly used for forecasting climate and streamflows require the selection of appropriate predictors. Poorly designed predictor selection procedures can result in poor forecasts for independent events. This paper introduces a predictor selection method for the Bayesian joint probability modeling approach to seasonal streamflow forecasting at multiple sites. The method compares forecasting models using a pseudo-Bayes factor (PsBF). A stepwise expansion of a base model is carried out by including the candidate predictor with the highest PsBF that exceeds a selection threshold. Predictors representing the initial catchment conditions are selected on their ability to forecast streamflows and predictors representing future climate influences are selected on their ability to forecast rainfall. The final forecasting model combines selected predictors representing both initial catchment conditions and future climate influences to jointly forecast seasonal streamflows and rainfall. Applications of the predictor selection method to two catchments in eastern Australia show that the best predictors representing initial catchment conditions and future climate influences vary with location and forecast date. Antecedent streamflows are the best indicator of the initial catchment conditions. Predictors representing future climate influences are only selected for forecasts made between July and January. Indicators of El Niño dominate the selected predictors representing future climate influences. The skill of streamflow forecasts varies considerably between locations and throughout the year. Skill scores for the perennial streams of the Goulburn River catchment exceed 40% for several seasons, while for the intermittent streams in the Burdekin River catchment, the skill scores are lower.

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Chapin, Theodore G., Daniel J. Harrison, and David M. Phillips. "Seasonal Habitat Selection by Marten in an Untrapped Forest Preserve." Journal of Wildlife Management 61, no. 3 (July 1997): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3802178.

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George, David I., and Michael C. Smith. "Self-assessment in Personnel Selection: An Investigation Using Seasonal Workers." Applied Psychology 37, no. 4 (October 1988): 337–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.1988.tb01147.x.

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Haywood, John, and Granville Tunnicliffe Wilson. "Selection and estimation of component models for seasonal time series." Journal of Forecasting 19, no. 5 (2000): 393–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-131x(200009)19:5<393::aid-for755>3.0.co;2-6.

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Yen, Shih-Ching, Ying Wang, Pin-Huan Yu, Yuan-Peng Kuan, Yu-Chuan Liao, Kuang-Hsun Chen, and Guo-Jing Weng. "Seasonal space use and habitat selection of sambar in Taiwan." Journal of Wildlife Management 83, no. 1 (October 1, 2018): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21578.

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Street, Garrett M., Arthur R. Rodgers, and John M. Fryxell. "Mid-day temperature variation influences seasonal habitat selection by moose." Journal of Wildlife Management 79, no. 3 (February 25, 2015): 505–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.859.

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Reschenhofer, Erhard. "Evaluating Pairwise Variable Selection Methods." European Journal of Statistics 2 (May 4, 2022): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.28924/ada/stat.2.11.

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This paper discusses novel methods for the pairwise selection of explanatory variables from a large set of candidate pairs. These methods are applied to monthly time series of surface temperature and their performance is compared with that of conventional selection criteria such as AIC and BIC. In our frequency-domain analysis of the temperature datasets, the pairs are defined in a natural way as cosine and sine vectors of the same frequency. The results show that the new criteria are the only ones which are able to correctly identify seasonal patterns.

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Blanquart, François, Sonja Lehtinen, and Christophe Fraser. "An evolutionary model to predict the frequency of antibiotic resistance under seasonal antibiotic use, and an application to Streptococcus pneumoniae." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1855 (May 31, 2017): 20170679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0679.

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The frequency of resistance to antibiotics in Streptococcus pneumoniae has been stable over recent decades. For example, penicillin non-susceptibility in Europe has fluctuated between 12% and 16% without any major time trend. In spite of long-term stability, resistance fluctuates over short time scales, presumably in part due to seasonal fluctuations in antibiotic prescriptions. Here, we develop a model that describes the evolution of antibiotic resistance under selection by multiple antibiotics prescribed at seasonally changing rates. This model was inspired by, and fitted to, published data on monthly antibiotics prescriptions and frequency of resistance in two communities in Israel over 5 years. Seasonal fluctuations in antibiotic usage translate into small fluctuations of the frequency of resistance around the average value. We describe these dynamics using a perturbation approach that encapsulates all ecological and evolutionary forces into a generic model, whose parameters quantify a force stabilizing the frequency of resistance around the equilibrium and the sensitivity of the population to antibiotic selection. Fitting the model to the data revealed a strong stabilizing force, typically two to five times stronger than direct selection due to antibiotics. The strong stabilizing force explains that resistance fluctuates in phase with usage, as antibiotic selection alone would result in resistance fluctuating behind usage with a lag of three months when antibiotic use is seasonal. While most antibiotics selected for increased resistance, intriguingly, cephalosporins selected for decreased resistance to penicillins and macrolides, an effect consistent in the two communities. One extra monthly prescription of cephalosporins per 1000 children decreased the frequency of penicillin-resistant strains by 1.7%. This model emerges under minimal assumptions, quantifies the forces acting on resistance and explains up to 43% of the temporal variation in resistance.

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Whiting, JR, and WJ Hardie. "Comparison of selections of Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot Noir at Great Western, Victoria." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 30, no. 2 (1990): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9900281.

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Five selections of Pinot Noir grapevine were evaluated over 3 seasons at Great Western, Victoria. The yields of selection IC698104 were consistently higher than all other selections and were always significantly higher than selections IV692222 and IC688048. The greater yields of selection IC698104 were associated with a high number of bunches per vine and a high bunch weight. Selection IV622051 had the greatest bunch weight but fewer bunches per vine than IC698 104. Selection AV7 12340 had a similar number of bunches per vine to IC698 104, but a significantly lower bunch weight due to fewer berries per bunch. Selection AV7 12340 ripened consistently earlier than all other selections, with highest sugar concentrations and pH, and lowest titratable acid concentrations. At least some of the seasonal differences in yield and juice composition over all selections could be attributed to climatic differences. The higher yielding selections were not associated with lower sugar concentrations, nor was there a significant relationship between yield and bunch weight. Two selections, IV692222 and IC688048, are considered to be derived from the same source, Waedenswil B110116, and this was supported by the similar results from both selections in this study. Yield trends between selections differed from those described in other reports, suggesting that regional influences, such as environmental or cultural conditions, may interact to influence the relative performance of selections.

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Popp, Jesse N., David N. C. McGeachy, and Josef Hamr. "Elk (Cervus elaphus) Seasonal Habitat Selection in a Heterogeneous Forest Structure." International Journal of Forestry Research 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/415913.

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Seasonal habitat selection by the reintroduced Burwash elk population, approximately 30 km south of Sudbury, Ontario, has been analysed in order to assist in the development of future management. Twenty-five adult females were radio-collared and tracked 1–3 times a week for 3 years. The most prominent patterns included selection of intolerant hardwood forests (trembling aspen, white birch, and balsam poplar) during all seasons, while Great Lakes-St. Lawrence pines (white and red pine dominated stands) were used less than expected based on availability for all seasons. The selection patterns are likely associated with seasonal climatic conditions and forage preferences. Because the selection behaviours displayed here varied greatly from other elk habitat studies, it is suggested that managers consider the importance of population-specific habitat studies before developing related strategies.

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Evans, Murray C., Cate Macgregor, and Peter J. Jarman. "Diet and feeding selectivity of common wombats." Wildlife Research 33, no. 4 (2006): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr05047.

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The seasonal diets and feeding selectivity of common wombats (Vombatus ursinus) in mountainous eucalypt forest, eucalypt woodland and pasture were determined using faecal analysis. Grass species contributed the largest proportion (95%) of epidermal fragment area in faecal pellets, with at least 20 species being eaten. The most abundant grasses in pellets in all seasons were the tough, wiry snow grasses (Poa sieberiana and P. labillardieri), with Microlaena stipoides comprising a substantial proportion of the diet in summer and autumn. Grass leaf was the most abundant plant part in pellets (81%), with grass stem and grass sheath comprising 11%. The seasonal proportion of grass seedhead in pellets varied from just traces during autumn and winter to a substantial component of the diet during summer (21% of epidermal fragments in pellets). Forbs comprised less than 1% of pellet material, and tree or shrub species were not detected in the diet. Feeding selectivity (and hence dietary niche breadth) varied seasonally; wombats become less selective in their feeding as plant diversity and abundance decreased. Positive selection was shown for monocots and negative selection for forbs. Grass species were eaten in broadly similar proportions to their abundances in the field, but with moderate to strong selection or rejection of a few species.

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