Academic literature on the topic 'Seasonal freshwater wetland'
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Journal articles on the topic "Seasonal freshwater wetland"
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Schoepfer, Valerie, Amy Burgin, Terry Loecke, and Ashley Helton. "Seasonal Salinization Decreases Spatial Heterogeneity of Sulfate Reducing Activity." Soil Systems 3, no. 2 (April 2, 2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems3020025.
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Evidence of sulfate input and reduction in coastal freshwater wetlands is often visible in the black iron monosulfide (FeS) complexes that form in iron rich reducing sediments. Using a modified Indicator of Reduction in Soils (IRIS) method, digital imaging, and geostatistics, we examine controls on the spatial properties of FeS in a coastal wetland fresh-to-brackish transition zone over a multi-month, drought-induced saltwater incursion event. PVC sheets (10 × 15 cm) were painted with an iron oxide paint and incubated vertically belowground and flush with the surface for 24 h along a salt-influenced to freshwater wetland transect in coastal North Carolina, USA. Along with collection of complementary water and soil chemistry data, the size and location of the FeS compounds on the plate were photographed and geostatistical techniques were employed to characterize FeS formation on the square cm scale. Herein, we describe how the saltwater incursion front is associated with increased sulfate loading and decreased aqueous Fe(II) content. This accompanies an increased number of individual FeS complexes that were more uniformly distributed as reflected in a lower Magnitude of Spatial Heterogeneity at all sites except furthest downstream. Future work should focus on streamlining the plate analysis procedure as well as developing a more robust statistical based approach to determine sulfide concentration.
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Jeffrey, Luke C., Damien T. Maher, Scott G. Johnston, Kylie Maguire, Andrew D. L. Steven, and Douglas R. Tait. "Rhizosphere to the atmosphere: contrasting methane pathways, fluxes, and geochemical drivers across the terrestrial–aquatic wetland boundary." Biogeosciences 16, no. 8 (April 29, 2019): 1799–815. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1799-2019.
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Abstract. Although wetlands represent the largest natural source of atmospheric CH4, large uncertainties remain regarding the global wetland CH4 flux. Wetland hydrological oscillations contribute to this uncertainty, dramatically altering wetland area, water table height, soil redox potentials, and CH4 emissions. This study compares both terrestrial and aquatic CH4 fluxes in permanent and seasonal remediated freshwater wetlands in subtropical Australia over two field campaigns, representing differing hydrological and climatic conditions. We account for aquatic CH4 diffusion and ebullition rates and plant-mediated CH4 fluxes from three distinct vegetation communities, thereby examining diel and intra-habitat variability. CH4 emission rates were related to underlying sediment geochemistry. For example, distinct negative relationships between CH4 fluxes and both Fe(III) and SO42- were observed. Where sediment Fe(III) and SO42- were depleted, distinct positive trends occurred between CH4 emissions and Fe(II) ∕ acid volatile sulfur (AVS). Significantly higher CH4 emissions (p < 0.01) in the seasonal wetland were measured during flooded conditions and always during daylight hours, which is consistent with soil redox potential and temperature being important co-drivers of CH4 flux. The highest CH4 fluxes were consistently emitted from the permanent wetland (1.5 to 10.5 mmol m−2 d−1), followed by the Phragmites australis community within the seasonal wetland (0.8 to 2.3 mmol m−2 d−1), whilst the lowest CH4 fluxes came from a region of forested Juncus spp. (−0.01 to 0.1 mmol m−2 d−1), which also corresponded to the highest sedimentary Fe(III) and SO42-. We suggest that wetland remediation strategies should consider geochemical profiles to help to mitigate excessive and unwanted methane emissions, especially during early system remediation periods.
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Pfeifer-Meister, Laurel, Laura G. Gayton, Bitty A. Roy, Bart R. Johnson, and Scott D. Bridgham. "Greenhouse gas emissions limited by low nitrogen and carbon availability in natural, restored, and agricultural Oregon seasonal wetlands." PeerJ 6 (August 28, 2018): e5465. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5465.
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Wetlands are the major natural source of the greenhouse gas methane (CH4) and are also potentially an important source of nitrous oxide (N2O), though there is considerable variability among wetland types with some of the greatest uncertainty in freshwater mineral-soil wetlands. In particular, trace gas emissions from seasonal wetlands have been very poorly studied. We measured fluxes of CH4, N2O, and CO2(carbon dioxide), soil nutrients, and net primary productivity over one year in natural, restored, and agricultural seasonal wetland prairies in the Willamette Valley, Oregon, USA. We found zero fluxes for CH4and N2O, even during periods of extended waterlogging of the soil. To explore this lack of emissions, we performed a laboratory experiment to examine the controls over these gases. In a fully-factorial design, we amended anaerobic soils from all wetlands with nitrate, glucose, and NaOH (to neutralize pH) and measured production potentials of N2, N2O, CH4, and CO2. We found that denitrification and N2O production were co-limited by nitrate and carbon, with little difference between the three wetland types. This co-limitation suggests that low soil carbon availability will continue to constrain N2O emissions and denitrification in these systems even when receiving relatively high levels of nitrogen inputs. Contrary to the results for N2O, the amended wetland soils never produced significant amounts of CH4under any treatment. We hypothesize that high concentrations of alternative electron acceptors exist in these soils so that methanogens are noncompetitive with other microbial groups. As a result, these wetlands do not appear to be a significant source or sink of soil carbon and thus have a near zero climate forcing effect. Future research should focus on determining if this is a generalizable result in other seasonal wetlands.
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You, Hailin, Hongxiang Fan, Ligang Xu, Yongming Wu, Lizhen Liu, and Zhong Yao. "Poyang Lake Wetland Ecosystem Health Assessment of Using the Wetland Landscape Classification Characteristics." Water 11, no. 4 (April 19, 2019): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11040825.
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Currently, wetland stability is under threat due to the joint effects of global climate change and human activity, especially in lakes. Hence, it is necessary to evaluate the health status of wetland ecosystems such as lakes, identify the variables causing the wetland degradation and work to protect the wetlands from the identified variables in the future. Based on fourteen high-resolution autumn remote sensing images from 1989–2013, the classification characteristics and spatial distribution patterns of wetland landscapes in Poyang Lake were studied through quantitative interpretation technology. An established health assessment index system named the EHCI (Ecological Health Comprehensive Index) was used to assess the health status of Poyang Lake. Additionally, the relationship between water regime and health status of wetland landscape distribution of Poyang Lake were investigated by multivariate statistical analysis. The results demonstrated: (1) The total area of three first level (or six second level) types of wetland landscapes showed a stable status, which was long-term maintaining at about 3026 km2 from 1989–2013. (2) The water area shows a downward trend, while the areas of vegetation and land-water transition zone show upward trends. (3) The proposed EHCI of the Poyang Lake wetland presented a downward trend. According to the EHCI results from 1989–2013, the health status of Poyang Lake wetland was healthy for two years, unhealthy for four years and sub-healthy for eight years. (4) The water level fluctuation greatly affected the EHCI, and the effect became greater as the water level increased. These results contribute to the understanding of specific effects of hydrological process on the health status of the Poyang Lake wetland. In addition they provide a scientific reference for the maintenance of stable ecosystem functions of the seasonal freshwater lake. These results contribute to the understanding of specific effects of hydrological process on the health status of the Poyang Lake. In addition they provide a scientific reference for the maintenance of stable ecosystem functions of the seasonal freshwater lake.
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Mazur, I. "Identification conformity of wetlands biotopes of the Northwest of the Black Sea region." Agroecological journal, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.3.2016.249071.
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This publication presents the analysis of the mostly used international and Ukrainian classification systems for wetland areas performed for identification of different-type marsh biotopes of steppe rivers in the Northwest Black Sea Region. Among the classification systems, the most well-known are the Ramsar Classification System for Wetland Type (1971) and Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin et al., 1979). In these systems, valley marsh biotopes are identified as riverine and palustrine, non-tidal, unstable (perennial impounded and seasonal/intermittent) freshwater marshes on mineral rich soils predominantly covered by grasslike plants (rush, reedmace, sedge). The delta marshes of the Danube, Dniester and Dnieper are referred to as tidal brackish and freshwater marshes. According to Ukrainian classification systems for hygromorphic geosystem, marsh biotopes are regarded as mouth wetlands, which is peculiar to delta marsh areas of the Danube and Dnieper interfluve. Thus, riverbed marshes of small and medium-sized rivers are located in other areas and are usually met both in the lower (continuous marsh areas), middle (fragmented marsh mosaic), and upper (coastland) river flow areas, which is caused by an unstable watercourse rate and transforming of their riverbed parts into marsh sections covered by eurytopic wetland species.
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Grubh, Archis R., and Kirk O. Winemiller. "Spatiotemporal variation in wetland fish assemblages in the Western Ghats region of India." Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, no. 419 (2018): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2018023.
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The Western Ghats region of peninsular India contains high diversity of freshwater fishes that support artisanal fisheries, but no studies to date have investigated fish assemblages of the region's extensive wetlands. This study examined fish population densities and the structure of local species assemblages in pools of the Periyakulam wetland of the Western Ghats. From 2000 to 2001, fishes and local abiotic environmental parameters were surveyed during three periods with contrasting rainfall (dry, major wet, minor wet). We hypothesized that fish density would be higher during the dry season when aquatic habitat is reduced, and that local assemblage structure would be strongly associated with habitat conditions. Total fish densities were higher during the dry season, but the magnitude of seasonal change was relatively low, and this apparently was because changes in water depth were minimal due to operation of sluice gates that control wetland hydrology. Chanda nama, Pseudetroplus maculatus, Rasbora daniconius, and Danio aequipinnatus were dominant species in most habitats during all three seasons. Multivariate ordinations revealed strong associations between assemblage structure and habitats based on vegetation cover. Local assemblages in shallow-vegetated habitats varied seasonally in association with gradients of rainfall and water quality parameters. Spatial variation of local fish assemblages in the Periyakulam wetland appears to be maintained by species-specific habitat selection. Although hydrologic regulation probably has reduced seasonal variation in the structure of local assemblages, seasonal differences still occur and appear to be caused by species differences with regard to periods of reproduction, recruitment, dispersal and habitat selection.
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Roy Chowdhury, Taniya, William J. Mitsch, and Richard P. Dick. "Seasonal methanotrophy across a hydrological gradient in a freshwater wetland." Ecological Engineering 72 (November 2014): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.08.015.
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Delwiche, Kyle B., Sara Helen Knox, Avni Malhotra, Etienne Fluet-Chouinard, Gavin McNicol, Sarah Feron, Zutao Ouyang, et al. "FLUXNET-CH<sub>4</sub>: a global, multi-ecosystem dataset and analysis of methane seasonality from freshwater wetlands." Earth System Science Data 13, no. 7 (July 29, 2021): 3607–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3607-2021.
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Abstract. Methane (CH4) emissions from natural landscapes constitute roughly half of global CH4 contributions to the atmosphere, yet large uncertainties remain in the absolute magnitude and the seasonality of emission quantities and drivers. Eddy covariance (EC) measurements of CH4 flux are ideal for constraining ecosystem-scale CH4 emissions due to quasi-continuous and high-temporal-resolution CH4 flux measurements, coincident carbon dioxide, water, and energy flux measurements, lack of ecosystem disturbance, and increased availability of datasets over the last decade. Here, we (1) describe the newly published dataset, FLUXNET-CH4 Version 1.0, the first open-source global dataset of CH4 EC measurements (available at https://fluxnet.org/data/fluxnet-ch4-community-product/, last access: 7 April 2021). FLUXNET-CH4 includes half-hourly and daily gap-filled and non-gap-filled aggregated CH4 fluxes and meteorological data from 79 sites globally: 42 freshwater wetlands, 6 brackish and saline wetlands, 7 formerly drained ecosystems, 7 rice paddy sites, 2 lakes, and 15 uplands. Then, we (2) evaluate FLUXNET-CH4 representativeness for freshwater wetland coverage globally because the majority of sites in FLUXNET-CH4 Version 1.0 are freshwater wetlands which are a substantial source of total atmospheric CH4 emissions; and (3) we provide the first global estimates of the seasonal variability and seasonality predictors of freshwater wetland CH4 fluxes. Our representativeness analysis suggests that the freshwater wetland sites in the dataset cover global wetland bioclimatic attributes (encompassing energy, moisture, and vegetation-related parameters) in arctic, boreal, and temperate regions but only sparsely cover humid tropical regions. Seasonality metrics of wetland CH4 emissions vary considerably across latitudinal bands. In freshwater wetlands (except those between 20∘ S to 20∘ N) the spring onset of elevated CH4 emissions starts 3 d earlier, and the CH4 emission season lasts 4 d longer, for each degree Celsius increase in mean annual air temperature. On average, the spring onset of increasing CH4 emissions lags behind soil warming by 1 month, with very few sites experiencing increased CH4 emissions prior to the onset of soil warming. In contrast, roughly half of these sites experience the spring onset of rising CH4 emissions prior to the spring increase in gross primary productivity (GPP). The timing of peak summer CH4 emissions does not correlate with the timing for either peak summer temperature or peak GPP. Our results provide seasonality parameters for CH4 modeling and highlight seasonality metrics that cannot be predicted by temperature or GPP (i.e., seasonality of CH4 peak). FLUXNET-CH4 is a powerful new resource for diagnosing and understanding the role of terrestrial ecosystems and climate drivers in the global CH4 cycle, and future additions of sites in tropical ecosystems and site years of data collection will provide added value to this database. All seasonality parameters are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4672601 (Delwiche et al., 2021). Additionally, raw FLUXNET-CH4 data used to extract seasonality parameters can be downloaded from https://fluxnet.org/data/fluxnet-ch4-community-product/ (last access: 7 April 2021), and a complete list of the 79 individual site data DOIs is provided in Table 2 of this paper.
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Gokula, V., and P. Ananth Raj. "Vaduvur and Sitheri lakes, Tamil Nadu, India: conservation and management perspective." Journal of Threatened Taxa 13, no. 6 (May 28, 2021): 18497–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.5547.13.6.18497-18507.
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Wetlands are declining globally. Hence, it is reasonable to assume that most existing wetlands are impacted to some degree by human land-use that in turn caused population declines in many wetland-dependent taxa. The National Wetland Atlas has classified Tamil Nadu as a wetland-rich state as they occupy 6.92% of geographic area. However, studies on wetlands are limited in Tamil Nadu. Hence, an attempt was made to identify the threats to the Vaduvur and Sitheri lakes and their associated fauna. In total, 118 species of birds belonging to 87 genera, 48 families and 18 orders in Vaduvur Lake and 87 species of birds belonging to 71 genera, 48 families and 16 orders in Sitheri Lake were recorded. A total of 28 zooplankton species were recorded in both the lakes comprising 14 species of rotifers, six species of cladocerans, five species of copepods, two species of ostracods, and one species of protozoa. A total of 15 species of fishes were identified from the sellers who catch fishes from the Sitheri Lake. The physico-chemical parameters of water varied according to the seasonal fluctuations in rainfall pattern. In general, wetland management for waterbirds of these two lakes should focus on providing suitable nesting habitats and available food resources for dependant avifauna. Management of invertebrates, amphibians, and fishes in these two lakes is one technique that can be used to provide foraging opportunities for waterbirds. An integrated approach and increased co-operation would result in the rational use of this freshwater resource leading to improved standards of living around this lake.
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Riedinger-Whitmore, Melanie Ann. "Using palaeoecological and palaeoenvironmental records to guide restoration, conservation and adaptive management of Ramsar freshwater wetlands: lessons from the Everglades, USA." Marine and Freshwater Research 67, no. 6 (2016): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf14319.
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The Everglades, the largest Ramsar wetland in the USA, is a spatially complex mosaic of freshwater habitats heavily impacted by agriculture, urban land use, and efforts to manage water resources in southern Florida. Restoration and conservation of these habitats is challenging because they experience different threats, and require different water levels, hydroperiods and disturbances. Historically, Everglades hydrology was maintained by seasonal precipitation and surface-water flows, but was significantly altered in the 20th century to foster agriculture and urban growth. Everglades palaeoecological and palaeoenvironmental studies provide opportunities to examine spatial and temporal variability in wetland conditions, and document past climate and anthropogenic influences on plant succession and habitat persistence since the mid-Holocene. This paper summarises key Everglades palaeoecological and palaeoenvironmental research, and highlights lessons learned about the evolution of the ecosystem, historical variability, and natural and anthropogenic influences. These lessons have been used in defining reference conditions and community targets in current efforts to restore the Everglades. Palaeoenvironmental and palaeoecological studies enhance our understanding about properties that define and contribute to the ecological character of wetlands, and they can identify criteria that are important for restoration and conservation projects in Ramsar-listed wetlands.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Seasonal freshwater wetland"
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Cheung, Ka-wing. "Spatial and seasonal variations of freshwater macroinvertebrates, odonata and waterbirds in Luk Keng marshland, Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41290951.
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Cheung, Ka-wing, and 張嘉穎. "Spatial and seasonal variations of freshwater macroinvertebrates, odonata and waterbirds in Luk Keng marshland, Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41290951.
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Ligtermoet, Emma. "People, place and practice on the margins in a changing climate: Sustaining freshwater customary harvesting in coastal floodplain country of the Alligator Rivers Region, Northern Territory of Australia." Phd thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/164233.
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Human-environment interactions will be profoundly affected by
anthropogenic climate change. Coastal communities, dependent on
freshwater ecosystems for their livelihoods and cultural
practices, are likely to be seriously impacted by rising sea
level. For communities already subject to marginalising forces of
remoteness, poverty or the legacies of colonisation, climate
change impacts will likely compound existing stressors. The
freshwater floodplains of the Alligator Rivers Region in the
Northern Territory, spanning Kakadu National Park and part of
West Arnhem Land, represent such a place. This area is at risk
from sea level rise, particularly saltwater intrusion, while also
home to Aboriginal Australians continuing to practice customary
or subsistence harvesting based on freshwater resources.
In seeking to support sustainable adaptation to climate change in
this context, this thesis examines Indigenous people’s
experiences, in living memory, of responding to past and
persisting social-ecological change. A place-based, contextual
framing approach was used to examine vulnerability and adaptive
capacity. Through semi-structured interviews, trips on country,
cultural resource mapping and archival work, contemporary
patterns of freshwater resource use and Aboriginal people’s
perceptions of changes to their freshwater hunting, fishing and
gathering activities (collectively termed ‘harvesting’) were
examined. Qualitative models were used to conceptualise factors
influencing an individual’s ability to engage in freshwater
customary harvesting and the determinants shaping adaptive
capacity for customary harvesting.
The social-ecological drivers of change in freshwater harvesting
practices raised by respondents included: existing threats from
introduced animals and plants, altered floodplain fire regimes
and the ‘bust then boom’ in saltwater crocodile population
following recovery from commercial hunting. These all had
implications for sustaining customary harvesting practices
including restricting access and the transmission of knowledge.
Impacts driven by the introduced cane toad, invasive para grass
and saltwater crocodile population change, represent examples of
solastalgia, particularly for women’s harvesting practices. In
addition to environmental conditions, determinants of adaptive
capacity of customary harvesting included; mobility on country-
particularly supported through on country livelihoods and
outstations, social networks facilitating access and knowledge
sharing, health and well-being and inter-generational knowledge
transmission. Past experience of saltwater intrusion facilitated
by feral water buffalo in Kakadu was examined through the lens of
social learning, as a historical analogue for future sea level
rise. These experiences were shown to influence contemporary
perceptions of risk and adaptive preferences for future sea level
rise. Customary harvesting was also found to offer unique
opportunities to improve remote Indigenous development outcomes
across diverse sectors.
To build adaptive capacity supporting freshwater customary
harvesting practices in this context it will be essential to;
understand historical trajectories of social-ecological change,
recognise the potential for diversity within groups- including a
gendered analysis of adaptive capacity, address existing
social-ecological stressors and foster knowledge collaborations
for supporting knowledge transmission, the co-production of
knowledge and sustaining social networks. Facilitating a social
learning environment will be particularly crucial in supporting
local autonomy, leadership and experimental learning, and is
particularly beneficial in jointly managed protected area
contexts. Most importantly, incorporating local Indigenous
knowledge, values, perceptions of change and risk into
locally-developed adaptation strategies will be essential in
developing more culturally relevant and thus sustainable,
adaptation pathways.
Books on the topic "Seasonal freshwater wetland"
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Aquatic and wetland plants of India: A reference book and identification manual for the vascular plants found in permanent or seasonal fresh water in the subcontinent of India south of the Himalayas. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.
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Kipkemboi, Julius. Fingerponds: Seasonal Integrated Aquaculture in East African Freshwater Wetlands. Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2006.
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Kipkemboi, Julius, and Wageningen Universiteit Staff. Fingerponds : Seasonal Integrated Aquaculture in East African Freshwater Wetlands: Exploring Their Potential for Wise Use Strategies. Taylor & Francis Group, 2006.
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Kipkemboi, Julius. Fingerponds : Seasonal Integrated Aquaculture in East African Freshwater Wetlands : Exploring Their Potential for Wise Use Strategies : PhD: UNESCO-IHE Institute, Delft. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Seasonal freshwater wetland"
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Kim, J., S. B. Verma, N. J. Shurpali, Y. Harazono, A. Miyata, J. I. Yun, B. Tanner, and J. W. Kim. "Diurnal and seasonal variations in CH4 emission from various freshwater wetlands." In Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases: Scientific Understanding, Control and Implementation, 131–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9343-4_12.
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Opere, Alfred, Anne Omwoyo, Purity Mueni, and Mark Arango. "Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources in Eastern Africa." In Research Anthology on Environmental and Societal Impacts of Climate Change, 1150–74. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3686-8.ch056.
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Climate change is causing great impact on water resources in Eastern Africa, and there is need to establish and implement effective adaptation and mitigation measures. According to IPCC, less rainfall during the months that are already dry could increase drought as well as precipitation, and this has great impact on both permanent and seasonal water resources. Increased sea surface temperature as a result of climate change could lead to increased drought cases in Eastern African and entire equatorial region. Climate change will also result in annual flow reduction in various river resources available within the region such as the Nile River. IPCC predicts that rainfall will decrease in the already arid areas of the Horn of Africa and that drought and desertification will become more widespread, and as a result, there will be an increased scarcity of freshwater even as groundwater aquifers are being mined. Wetland areas are also being used to obtain water for humans and livestock and as additional cultivation and grazing land. This chapter reviews the climate change impacts on water resources within the Eastern Africa Region. The climate change impacts on different water resources such as Ewao Ngiro have been highlighted and projection of future climate change on water resources examined. Stream flow for Ewaso Ngiro was found to have a significant increasing trend in 2030s of RCP4.5 and non-significant decreasing trend in stream flow in 2060s for RCP4.5.
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Opere, Alfred, Anne Omwoyo, Purity Mueni, and Mark Arango. "Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources in Eastern Africa." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 199–227. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0163-4.ch010.
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Climate change is causing great impact on water resources in Eastern Africa, and there is need to establish and implement effective adaptation and mitigation measures. According to IPCC, less rainfall during the months that are already dry could increase drought as well as precipitation, and this has great impact on both permanent and seasonal water resources. Increased sea surface temperature as a result of climate change could lead to increased drought cases in Eastern African and entire equatorial region. Climate change will also result in annual flow reduction in various river resources available within the region such as the Nile River. IPCC predicts that rainfall will decrease in the already arid areas of the Horn of Africa and that drought and desertification will become more widespread, and as a result, there will be an increased scarcity of freshwater even as groundwater aquifers are being mined. Wetland areas are also being used to obtain water for humans and livestock and as additional cultivation and grazing land. This chapter reviews the climate change impacts on water resources within the Eastern Africa Region. The climate change impacts on different water resources such as Ewao Ngiro have been highlighted and projection of future climate change on water resources examined. Stream flow for Ewaso Ngiro was found to have a significant increasing trend in 2030s of RCP4.5 and non-significant decreasing trend in stream flow in 2060s for RCP4.5.
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"List of amphibians from seasonally flooded habitats in Amazonia." In Fundamentals of Tropical Freshwater Wetlands, 727–49. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-822362-8.00038-4.
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"List of squamates from seasonally flooded habitats in Amazonia." In Fundamentals of Tropical Freshwater Wetlands, 751–66. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-822362-8.00039-6.
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"Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation." In Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation, edited by Philip Roni, Laurie A. Weitkamp, and Joe Scordino. American Fisheries Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569124.ch9.
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<em>Abstract.—</em> Freshwater and marine essential fish habitat (EFH) for chinook <em>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</em> , coho <em>O. kisutch</em> , pink <em>O. gorbuscha</em> , and sockeye <em>O. nerka </em> salmon within Washington, Oregon, California, and Idaho was described and identified using the available literature and databases on salmon distribution and life history. The diversity of freshwater habitats utilized by individual species of salmon coupled with the limitations of existing distribution maps precluded identification of specific stream reaches, wetlands, and other water bodies as EFH for Pacific salmon. A more holistic watershed approach consistent with the ecosystem method recommended by the revised Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act was necessary. Therefore, Pacific salmon freshwater EFH was delineated and described as all existing water bodies currently and historically utilized by Pacific salmon within selected watersheds defined by U.S. Geological Survey hydrologic units. Areas above some long-standing artificial barriers to juvenile and adult salmon migration were excluded from designation as Pacific salmon EFH. Delineation of marine EFH was also problematic because of the paucity of scientific studies on offshore Pacific salmon habitat use and distribution. However, available scientific data augmented by information from commercial fisheries indicate that juvenile salmon are found in high concentrations in the nearshore areas of the continental shelf off the Washington, Oregon, and California coasts from late spring through fall. Therefore, Pacific salmon marine EFH was identified as all waters within 60 km of the Washington, Oregon, and California coasts north of Point Conception, California. This initial effort to identify Pacific salmon EFH emphasized the need for accurate, fine-scale geographic information systems data on freshwater and marine salmon distribution and habitat quality and the need for compilation of uniform data sets. Future efforts should focus on developing accurate seasonal salmon distribution data at a 1:24,000 scale to aid in more precise and accurate delineation of Pacific salmon EFH. Furthermore, detailed information on winter distribution of Pacific salmon would be useful in delineating marine EFH.
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"Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation." In Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation, edited by Philip Roni, Laurie A. Weitkamp, and Joe Scordino. American Fisheries Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569124.ch9.
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<em>Abstract.—</em> Freshwater and marine essential fish habitat (EFH) for chinook <em>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</em> , coho <em>O. kisutch</em> , pink <em>O. gorbuscha</em> , and sockeye <em>O. nerka </em> salmon within Washington, Oregon, California, and Idaho was described and identified using the available literature and databases on salmon distribution and life history. The diversity of freshwater habitats utilized by individual species of salmon coupled with the limitations of existing distribution maps precluded identification of specific stream reaches, wetlands, and other water bodies as EFH for Pacific salmon. A more holistic watershed approach consistent with the ecosystem method recommended by the revised Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act was necessary. Therefore, Pacific salmon freshwater EFH was delineated and described as all existing water bodies currently and historically utilized by Pacific salmon within selected watersheds defined by U.S. Geological Survey hydrologic units. Areas above some long-standing artificial barriers to juvenile and adult salmon migration were excluded from designation as Pacific salmon EFH. Delineation of marine EFH was also problematic because of the paucity of scientific studies on offshore Pacific salmon habitat use and distribution. However, available scientific data augmented by information from commercial fisheries indicate that juvenile salmon are found in high concentrations in the nearshore areas of the continental shelf off the Washington, Oregon, and California coasts from late spring through fall. Therefore, Pacific salmon marine EFH was identified as all waters within 60 km of the Washington, Oregon, and California coasts north of Point Conception, California. This initial effort to identify Pacific salmon EFH emphasized the need for accurate, fine-scale geographic information systems data on freshwater and marine salmon distribution and habitat quality and the need for compilation of uniform data sets. Future efforts should focus on developing accurate seasonal salmon distribution data at a 1:24,000 scale to aid in more precise and accurate delineation of Pacific salmon EFH. Furthermore, detailed information on winter distribution of Pacific salmon would be useful in delineating marine EFH.