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1
de Pascali, Paolo, and Annamaria Bagaini. "The success of the Sustainable Energy Action Plan (SEAP) in Italy. Weakness and integrative attempts with urban planning." ARCHIVIO DI STUDI URBANI E REGIONALI, no. 131 (November 2021): 71–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/asur2021-131-s1004.
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The article displays the results of a research conducted on the SEAPs evolution and a sample of Italian cases, intending to understand the influence and coherence in terms of settlement transformations. The integration of energy and spatial planning encouraged by the SEAP, on which the article focuses, does not find an effective application and the proposition appears to be unsatisfied. New integration paths arise from the energy decen-tralization process, which is rising in significance and interest.
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Jekabsone, Anda, Agris Kamenders, Marika Rosa, Jan Kaselofsky, and Ralf Schule. "Assessment of the Implementation of Sustainable Energy Action Plans at Local Level. Case Study of Latvia." Environmental and Climate Technologies 23, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2019-0053.
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Abstract The need for sustainable energy management at the municipal level is growing, in order to meet EU climate goals. Multiple initiatives have been launched to support municipalities in energy planning and strategy development process. Despite available support, research shows mixed results about implementation of plans and strategies. This research paper analyses what targets municipalities set, how they monitor implementation of their sustainable energy action plans (SEAPs) and searches for the most important factors that have enabled or hindered the implementation of local SEAPs at Latvia. The article shows that, in some cases, there is evidence that SEAP development is a project-based activity, supported by external experts. From municipal personnel point of view, it is a project that ends with approved SEAP, but not a part of their future daily routine. Eventually implementation of the plan is difficult, because municipalities lack experience in daily management of energy data, distribution of responsibilities and implementation of procedures. Municipalities also tend to exclude important stakeholders in their SEAPs, like, private sector, household sector and transport sector, which lead to lower targets and lower achievements in GHG reduction.
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Cinocca, Andrea, Luca Di Paolo, Simona Abbate, and Roberto Cipollone. "Methodologies for Sustainable Energy Action Plan design and monitoring applied to the Municipality of Avezzano, Abruzzo Region, Italy." E3S Web of Conferences 197 (2020): 08013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019708013.
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The increasing attention and sensitivity to issues related to Global Warming and Climate Change are strengthening the actions and policies related to Sustainable Development trying to give to this concept a clearer engineering dimension. Not only policymakers are involved in this aim and experts of interdisciplinary aspects but also the irreplaceable involvement of citizens which with their behavior can make the difference and get much closer to the seventeen goals of the sustainable development by 2030. In this framework, the Territorial Energetic and Environmental Planning provides operational solidity to the concept of Sustainable Development, giving more responsibility to local administrations (as it is due according to subsidiarity), with the Central Government that guarantees the respect of the principles of Subsidiarity and Glocalization. Province of L’Aquila (in the Abruzzo Region, Italy) has been a leading player of this program and, in 2012, has realized the ambitious goal of having favored a Covenant, joining all the 108 Municipalities of the Province. Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics (DIIIE) of the University of L’Aquila designed the Sustainable Energy Action Plants (SEAP) and the monitoring phase of all the Municipalities through a scientific methodology which matched the goal of SEAPs with the dimension of the Municipality. In order to go deep into SEAP’s analysis, in this paper Authors describes the second uploading and necessary steps: a quantitative analysis of the Baseline Emission Inventory, the quantification of the SEAPs planning actions and the definition of the Monitoring Emission Inventory. This second step was done for the Municipality of Avezzano, one of the main Municipality of the L’Aquila Province, and gave the quantitative dimension of the CO2 emissions referred to the year 2017, compared with 2005 baseline emissions. The reduction commitments to be reached in 2020 defines the present distance to the target.
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Zajacs, Aleksandrs, Jurgis Zemitis, Aleksejs Prozuments, Kristina Tihomirova, and Anatolijs Borodinecs. "Sustainable City Development: Implementation Practices in Riga." Applied Mechanics and Materials 725-726 (January 2015): 1470–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.725-726.1470.
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To develop potential of the cities in the field of energy efficiency improvements and use of renewables, there is a need for new and more ambitious goals in line with the actual situation. Growing concern of smart city development and urban resilience has become increasingly embedded in urban planning, national security and energy policy. One of the main city documents focused on actions and measures to be implemented in City is Sustainable Energy Action Plan (SEAP), which is the key document in which the Covenant signatory outlines how it intends to reach its CO2 reduction target by 2020. Taking into account specifics of modern cities and future city development at Smart City level the existing SEAP should be enhanced. Nowadays it is necessary to bring existing standalone energy actions at cross sector level in order to ensure urban resilience. Currently there are 3414 cities across the Europe and eastern partners which already have developed SEAP. The paper draws attention to areas with high impact to smart city development. In terms of Smart Cities the most powerful actions are those which directly affect at least these three sectors - energy, ICT and transport. Paper provides some good practice examples from the city of Riga. The losses of the heat transmitted to consumers by JSC "Rigas Siltums" - main heat supplier of Riga have been decreased by 667 thous. MWh or 2.45 times in comparison to year 1996/1997. Following the completion of reconstruction of the boiler houses, construction of a biofuel fired water heating boiler, construction of the biofuel fired cogeneration plant, installation of flue gas condensers for biofuel fired boilers at the DHP the share of biofuel utilization within the fuel balance of the JSC „RĪGAS SILTUMS” will reach 20.4% in fiscal year 2013/2014. The total energy produced from renewable energy sources since 01.01.1996 until 8.04.2014 is 920463.107 MWh. The project “Heat meters automatic remote reading system” proved to be a successful and reliable solution for the control and accounting of consumed heat, as well as related tasks enabling “online communication” with 8000 individual heating units throughout the Riga city. Development and introduction of electric cars and filling station infrastructure in Riga was one more step on the way to the SMART CITY status. Despite a fairly long payback period electric cars are quite beneficial solution for some companies whose activities are related with vehicles’ high mileage within the city as LLC “Rigas Satiksme
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Nawaz, Zeeshan, Muhammad Imran, Saad Nawaz, Abid Ali, and Abdur Rashid Sangi. "Strategic Prioritization of Action Plan Towards De-Carbonization and Sustainable Energy Transition for Developing Nations." International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 17, no. 2 (April 26, 2022): 549–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.170220.
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The strategic prioritization in policy synergies heterogeneous stakeholders and opportunities that facilitates developing nations to game for betterment of society in limited resources. The strategic prioritization methodology was presented to frame long and short-term actions with available resources. The theme is to develop inherently de-carbonize economies with minimum spending, efforts, adopting best practices, exploit regional potential, optimize asset efficiency, recycling/reuse, technology and innovation, etc. However, trickle down global climate change regulations require level of awareness for regional energy dynamics, politics, bureaucratic structure, training and education, infrastructural weaknesses, financial barriers, etc. Several conflicting, non-measurable and inconsistency in policies destroy efforts towards net carbon zero and hindering de-carbonizing objectives in the developing world. No doubt, societal factors and their interest’s influences political systems engaged in energy transition policymaking, implementation and enforcement. Therefore, it’s time to organize energy transition efforts/planning in a way that it has minimum financial impact and keep developing economies on momentum. The article highlights sustainable policy instruments, initiatives, best practices, opportunities, innovation areas and identify stating steps those will inherently lead climate change ambitious targets of de-carburization in developing economies with minimum financial investment.
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Nawaz, Zeeshan, Muhammad Imran, Saad Nawaz, Abid Ali, and Abdur Rashid Sangi. "Strategic Prioritization of Action Plan Towards De-Carbonization and Sustainable Energy Transition for Developing Nations." International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 17, no. 2 (April 26, 2022): 549–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.170220.
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The strategic prioritization in policy synergies heterogeneous stakeholders and opportunities that facilitates developing nations to game for betterment of society in limited resources. The strategic prioritization methodology was presented to frame long and short-term actions with available resources. The theme is to develop inherently de-carbonize economies with minimum spending, efforts, adopting best practices, exploit regional potential, optimize asset efficiency, recycling/reuse, technology and innovation, etc. However, trickle down global climate change regulations require level of awareness for regional energy dynamics, politics, bureaucratic structure, training and education, infrastructural weaknesses, financial barriers, etc. Several conflicting, non-measurable and inconsistency in policies destroy efforts towards net carbon zero and hindering de-carbonizing objectives in the developing world. No doubt, societal factors and their interest’s influences political systems engaged in energy transition policymaking, implementation and enforcement. Therefore, it’s time to organize energy transition efforts/planning in a way that it has minimum financial impact and keep developing economies on momentum. The article highlights sustainable policy instruments, initiatives, best practices, opportunities, innovation areas and identify stating steps those will inherently lead climate change ambitious targets of de-carburization in developing economies with minimum financial investment.
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Nawaz, Zeeshan, Muhammad Imran, Saad Nawaz, Abid Ali, and Abdur Rashid Sangi. "Strategic Prioritization of Action Plan Towards De-Carbonization and Sustainable Energy Transition for Developing Nations." International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 17, no. 2 (April 26, 2022): 549–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.170220.
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The strategic prioritization in policy synergies heterogeneous stakeholders and opportunities that facilitates developing nations to game for betterment of society in limited resources. The strategic prioritization methodology was presented to frame long and short-term actions with available resources. The theme is to develop inherently de-carbonize economies with minimum spending, efforts, adopting best practices, exploit regional potential, optimize asset efficiency, recycling/reuse, technology and innovation, etc. However, trickle down global climate change regulations require level of awareness for regional energy dynamics, politics, bureaucratic structure, training and education, infrastructural weaknesses, financial barriers, etc. Several conflicting, non-measurable and inconsistency in policies destroy efforts towards net carbon zero and hindering de-carbonizing objectives in the developing world. No doubt, societal factors and their interest’s influences political systems engaged in energy transition policymaking, implementation and enforcement. Therefore, it’s time to organize energy transition efforts/planning in a way that it has minimum financial impact and keep developing economies on momentum. The article highlights sustainable policy instruments, initiatives, best practices, opportunities, innovation areas and identify stating steps those will inherently lead climate change ambitious targets of de-carburization in developing economies with minimum financial investment.
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Udovičić, Vladimir, Dimitrije Maletić, Maja Eremić Savković, Gordana Pantelić, Predrag Ujić, Igor Čeliković, Sofija Forkapić, et al. "First steps towards national radon action plan in Serbia." Nukleonika 61, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 361–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nuka-2016-0060.
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Abstract Radon problem has a special attention in many countries in the world and the most of them have established national radon programmes. The radon issues in Serbia have not been approached in a systematic and organized way. Currently, there are many research groups and institutions working in radon field, and it is a good basis to integrate all these activities into a comprehensive national programme to define the strategic objectives and action plan for the next few years. Also, Serbia as a candidate for membership in the EU is obliged to harmonize its legislation, including the field of radiation protection in which the radon issues has an important role. In this report, a brief history of radon research, present status and plans for the future activity on radon issues in Serbia are presented. Regarding the long-term plans, the establishment and implementation of the Radon Action Plan with the primary goal of raising awareness about the harmful effects of public exposure to radon and implementing a set of measures for its reduction. In that sense, the synergy between the national, regional and local organizations responsible for public health and radiation protection must be achieved.
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Hussaini, Ibrahim Udale, and Noor Hanita Abdul Majid. "Energy development in Nigeria and the need for strategic energy efficiency practice scheme for the residential building sector." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 26, no. 1 (January 12, 2015): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-10-2013-0117.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to seek ways to improve energy efficiency in the residential building sector of Nigeria. This is necessary so as to promote a wider scope of energy efficiency practice in order to reduce energy demand on the central power supply of the nation and as well-attain reasonable level of energy security. Design/methodology/approach – However, the objective of the study is to propose a strategic plan (scheme) of energy efficiency practice for the housing sector of the Nigerian economy. To accomplish this task, a review of the main issues of energy efficiency; the current energy situation in Nigeria; and the challenges to implementing energy efficiency in the country was undertaken. Findings – Finally, remedial measures to achieving energy efficiency in the Nigerian households were proffered by the provision of a “strategic scheme” to be accomplished by the government and the housing stakeholders. Research limitations/implications – It is evident that a strategic plan or framework must be put in place in order to overcome the challenges of energy efficiency in the residential building sector. And this framework is to adequately address the issues of design practice, the efficiency of appliances in use and the housing occupant behaviour. Practical implications – The main goal is the attainment of energy-efficient households in Nigeria through the application of EE practice strategies. Originality/value – The study highlights on the energy development level of the country. It has also identified the numerous barriers as well as the principal actors to achieving energy-efficient households in Nigeria. After all, the suggested “plan of action” as provided in the scheme is to serve as a benchmark and reference point to the government, the housing stakeholders as well as the housing occupant for the attainment of energy efficiency.
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Kharuta, Vitalii, Valerii Marunich, Valentyna Kharuta, and Myroslava Hryhorevska. "STRATEGIC PROJECT MANAGEMENT OF TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES." Management of Development of Complex Systems, no. 45 (March 1, 2021): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2412-9933.2021.45.57-65.
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The current state of development of science and technology in various sectors of the economy, including transport, requires the timely introduction of new technologies. The movable and immovable property of the enterprises of the transport industry is in such a state that it needs immediate updating and carrying out capital, finishing and current repairs. This, in turn, will help increase the efficiency of management of transport companies and achieve the goals of their stakeholders. This study proposes an analysis of the application of the project approach to the management of the transport sector at the strategic level. In order to improve the management of enterprises of the transport complex, it is proposed to apply strategic planning for the development of these enterprises, which will focus on portfolio-oriented management. The classical model of strategic management includes: development of the mission and goals of the enterprise; research of external and internal environments; analysis of strengths and weaknesses; formation of strategic alternatives; choice; strategy implementation and evaluation. The main directions of development of the transport complex are: competitive and efficient transport industry; innovative development of the transport industry and global investment projects; safe for society, environmentally friendly and energy efficient transport; unhindered mobility and interregional integration. The strategic planning process consists of three main stages: analysis of the current situation, formulation of future prospects and development of an action plan. The problem of modern enterprises in the transport sector is that the developed strategic plan is not implemented due to insufficient specificity of plans, as well as the lack of a well-established mechanism for implementing and monitoring the implementation of planned actions. Thus, the format of the strategic plan of activity and development of enterprises of the transport complex should be developed through the prism of portfolios, programs and projects that will increase the efficiency of management of these enterprises.
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Belov, Vladislav. "European Raw Materials Alliance." Scientific and Analytical Herald of IE RAS, no. 18 (December 1, 2020): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/vestnikieran620202231.
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On September 3, 2020, the European Commission presented the Action Plan for Critical Raw Materials. One of the first steps in its implementation was the creation on September 29 of the European Raw Materials Alliance. It will bring together the efforts of industrial companies, research institutes, universities, government agencies, non-governmental organizations and trade unions. Brussels continues to implement the provisions of the EU’s New Industrial Strategy on the support of industrial ecosystems. They are based on management organizations built on network principles of stakeholder interaction throughout the value chain. They are designed to ensure the energy and digital transition of the EU countries to a climate-neutral economy. The author analyzes the place of the European Raw Materials Alliance in the strategic autonomy of the EU, its relationship with the European Battery Alliance. He also considers tasks in the context of the stated Action Plan, management structure, participants and assesses the prospects of the new organization.
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Bordoni, Andrea, and Eleonora Maldini. "Regione Marche: le energie rinnovabili in agricoltura." PRISMA Economia - Società - Lavoro, no. 2 (March 2012): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/pri2011-002010.
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Agriculture plays a significant role in achieving the targets set by the EU with the package "Climate - Energy 20-20-20" (Dir. 2009/28/EC). This sector helps to reduce energy dependence and contributes to combat the climate change. The land plurality offers the opportunity to the farms to diversify their activities both to agricultural high quality food production and toward the production of biomass crops for energy purposes. The political system must adopt strategic tools that ensure a local energy system implementation through the support of the agricultural sector in the long period. The Marches region, which has a great variety of landscapes, environments, cultural traditions and food, promoted the production of renewable energy for farm needs (housing, factories, stables, greenhouses, etc.) and for the energy sale, that ensure a supplementary income to farms. The Marches region has invested several million euro through experimental and demonstration projects and specific financial measures came from Rural Development Plan (RDP) and Sugar beet Action Plan (PSA) for so-called Low Energy Farm (23 plants financed for energy sale and several plants financed for self use energy).
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Flores-Nieves, Mariana Montserrat, Genaro M. Soto-Zarazúa, Enrique Rico-García, Sergio Zamora-Castro, Gonzalo Macías-Bobadilla, Ma Sandra Hernández-López, and Arantza Elena Sánchez-Gutiérrez. "Revaluation of Local Waste through an Ecotechnologies Strategic Plan: A Case Study with Digesters." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (July 31, 2022): 9389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159389.
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In Mexico, the accelerated and unplanned growth of population causes the increment in informal facilities, complicating access to essential services such as adequate sanitation and organic waste management, where the most affected are usually the vulnerable population. The Mexican government has implemented programs and support to encourage the use of ecotechnologies and thus provide alternatives to improve their living conditions by taking advantage of local resources and waste. However, these programs and supports lack planning, creating little interest from users. This research proposes an acceptance strategy for the integration of ecotechnologies that adapt to the lifestyle of populations that need an alternative for their method of sanitation and organic waste management. The strategy is mainly based on a course of action that operates with four main lines of intervention. It was executed as a practical exercise with biodigesters, in the Mexican community of La Trinidad, in the municipality of Tequisquiapan, Querétaro. With the help of the strategy, important factors for the end-user were identified that must be considered when integrating one ecotechnology into the population. In general terms, the strategy showed an improvement in sanitation and organic waste management and a greater acceptance of biodigesters as an alternative of use.
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Wang, Yuxin, Zihan Wang, and Ying Zang. "Quantitative Policy Evaluation under the Vision of Energy Vehicle Development Strategy." Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 5, no. 1 (September 12, 2022): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fbem.v5i1.1569.
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Advocating by the concept of "double carbon era", China's long-term unremitting efforts for energy conservation and emission reduction. In 2021, the central government clearly mentioned focusing on strategic emerging industries such as new energy vehicles on the 14th Five-Year Plan. First of all, this paper obtains relevant policies, and then establishes policy evaluation indicators from multiple dimensions such as policy nature, timeliness, function and action, so as to build a PMC index model for quantitative evaluation of policy quality and response validity. Secondly, this paper takes Anhui province as the research area and uses the combination of stratified sampling and quota sampling to collect questionnaires. According to the results of the questionnaire survey, the structural equation model was constructed to explore the influence of the new energy vehicle policy on the purchase intention of potential consumers. Finally, the relevant conclusions were obtained through the above analysis, in order to help promote and optimize the strategy of the new energy vehicle nationwide.
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Urrutia-Azcona, Koldo, Patricia Molina-Costa, Iñigo Muñoz, David Maya-Drysdale, Carolina Garcia-Madruga, and Iván Flores-Abascal. "Towards an Integrated Approach to Urban Decarbonisation in Practice: The Case of Vitoria-Gasteiz." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 7, 2021): 8836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168836.
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How can local authorities effectively approach the decarbonisation of urban environments? Recent efforts to redirect cities into a less energy-intensive model have been mostly approached from a sectoral perspective, with specific energy policies and plans being issued without deeply considering their ties with other urban aspects. In this sense, well-established urban planning procedures have not been part of those, with the consequence of barriers in the implementation phase of those energy plans. The Cities4ZERO methodology was developed to guide effective integration between urban planning and energy policies, plans, and practices. It provides a holistic approach to strategic municipal processes for urban decarbonisation in the mid-long term, which includes key local stakeholders’ engagement into integrated energy planning processes, as well as tools for effective energy decarbonisation modelling. This paper analyses the application of the Cities4ZERO decarbonisation methodology on its strategic stage in the development of Vitoria-Gasteiz’s Action Plan for an Integrated Energy Transition 2030 (APIET 2030). It suggests that in order to accelerate urban decarbonisation, it is critical to: (a) foster interdepartmental collaboration; (b) allow for flexibility on the land-use planning regulations; (c) back decisions with detailed urban-energy models; and (d) truly engage key local stakeholders in the planning and implementation processes.
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Keypour, Javad, and Ivar Hendla. "The Annexation of Crimea: A Realist Look from the Energy Resources Perspective." Baltic Journal of European Studies 9, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 148–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjes-2019-0027.
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Abstract The article studies the role of energy resources in the annexation of Crimea by the Russian government. Russian justification that this action was taken to protect Russian ethnicity, as declared with the “referendum”, can be challenged in the light of the realist balance of power concept. According to the research, Russia considered Ukraine’s improving relations with the West as a threat and tried to eliminate it with preemptive action, in order to reestablish regional balance of power with the West. The article finds that the energy factor had a significant role in this consideration but in a subtractive approach. More precisely, there were no major incentives for Russia to capture the Black Sea resources intrinsically, but these reserves were recognized as part of the main Ukrainian economic empowerment plan, particularly on the EU’s future energy market. Thus, Russia tried to block Ukraine’s access to them in line with a wedge strategy. Hence, the annexation can be considered as one part of Russian energy policy towards the EU and Russia’s goal to emasculate Ukraine’s natural gas transit role by constructing new pipelines such as Nord Stream and Turkish Stream, as the other part. The study exemplifies how Ukraine’s strategic position has been significantly diminished from the energy perspective.
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GORETA, LIUBOV. "MARKETING STRATEGIC ANALYSIS AS A MEANS OF ENERGY SAVING MEASURES FORMATION AT INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES OF UKRAINE." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University 292, no. 2 (May 2021): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2021-292-2-9.
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The article proposes the using of a marketing strategic analysis tool ‒ the GE / McKinsey matrix. The matrix is based on two factors: «enterprise competitiveness» and «market attractiveness». The proposals were tested at the machine-building enterprise of Public JSC NASOSENERGOMASH (Sumy, Ukraine). The enterprise`s strategic state is determined; the marketing strategy of the enterprise development is proposed and a set of energy saving measures is formed. For formations of the marketing strategy of Ukrainian industrial enterprises it is necessary to conduct a strategic analysis of the market situation, determine marketing goals, develop a marketing plan aimed at effective strategy`s implementation. Energy saving measures of industrial enterprises should be aimed at: improving their energy security; reduction of harmful ecological action of production; increase their level of competitiveness. The mechanism for implementing the industrial enterprises marketing strategy should be able to refine (change) measures at all stages of its implementation (with further adjustment or development of a new marketing strategy). Therefore, in the strategy’s formation of an important step is to monitor its implementation in order to study the effectiveness of the choice of the chosen marketing strategy. The strategic matrix models the system of relations between the given enterprise`s marketing factors and indicators of market attractiveness. The obtained results allow to form a enterprises marketing strategy. The GE/McKinsey matrix allowed to determine the strategic position of Public JSC NASOSENERGOMASH on ratings of its potential competitiveness (horizontal axis) and market attractiveness (vertical axis). Competitiveness indicator is a list of the enterprise competitive positions (internal resources). The market attractiveness considers the absolute size of the market, its growth rate, capacity, pricing mechanism, competitive forces, etc. The paper uses a quantitative evaluation method (scoring method) and a modelling method (matrix method). The methods are common, easy to use and relevant. Their comprehensive use allowed to solve the research tasks. The work`s results for Ukrainian industrial enterprises are: the strategic actions formation to increase their competitiveness; providing recommendations on the organization of an efficient system of their energy saving.
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STOEGLEHNER, GERNOT, ANGUS MORRISON-SAUNDERS, and GERARD EARLY. "COMPARING LEGISLATIVE MECHANISMS FOR SEA SCREENING AND DECISION-MAKING: AUSTRIAN AND AUSTRALIAN EXPERIENCES." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 12, no. 04 (December 2010): 399–423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333210003711.
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Austrian and Australian approaches to strategic environmental assessment (SEA) are compared with particular emphasis upon the legal basis for the initial phase of agreement/screening and the final stage of SEA decision-making and implementation. In Austrian SEA, screening is compulsory and the outcome leads only to recommendations, meaning that the SEA results have to be considered, but are not binding for the approval decision. In Australia engagement in SEA is largely voluntary but the process results in legally binding conditions of approval that can be applied to relevant actions arising from an assessed policy, plan or programme; the incentive for proponents to participate voluntarily is that subsequent project level activities may be exempt from further assessment processes. Compulsory SEA in Australia also provides a legally certain outcome, a factor of benefit to proponents. Examples of SEAs are provided to demonstrate the operation of the respective stages in the two countries. In Austria compulsory screening results in a lot of energy being spent avoiding triggering a full SEA. Although Australian proponents have been somewhat cautious in volunteering for SEA of their activities, there are signs that this is changing. We argue that the regulatory framework characteristics are a key determinant of the behaviour of proponents and the competent authority in practice and subsequently of SEA potential and outcomes. Consideration of the construct of the regulatory framework for SEA screening and decision-making provides a useful point of reflection for practitioners attempting to understand the effectiveness of SEA processes in a given jurisdiction.
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Khramova, A. V. "Strategic Development of the Eurasian Economic Union in the Coronacrisis Era." EURASIAN INTEGRATION: economics, law, politics 14, no. 1 (April 15, 2021): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2073-2929-2021-01-125-132.
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To determine the capabilities of the Eurasian Economic Union to overcome the global economic crisis associated with the spread of coronavirus infection, and to restore the economy in the post-coronavirus period, the author conducts a SWOT analysis and reveals the strengths and weaknesses of Eurasian integration in the context of external challenges. The Eurasian Economic Union has a fundamental basis that allows it to undertake anti-crisis measures quickly — this is the presence of institutional mechanisms of interaction on the platform of a supranational body — the Eurasian Economic Commission. As a result, the author proposes to focus on such advantages of the association as high human and scientific potential; and to prioritize the development of information and communication and medical technologies, energy efficient technologies, a “green” economy, which may become a specialization of the region in the new time, in order to avoid falling into export and commodity dependence on the new economic leader — China. The relevance of the study is due to the ongoing work of the Eurasian Economic Commission to prepare an action plan for the implementation of the Strategic Directions for the Development of Eurasian Economic Integration until 2025.
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Cao, Jennifer, Roswitha Baumung, Paul Boettcher, Beate Scherf, Badi Besbes, and Gregoire Leroy. "Monitoring and Progress in the Implementation of the Global Plan of Action on Animal Genetic Resources." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020775.
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Animal genetic resources are critical to livestock productivity and adaptability, facilitate resilience to climate change, and are a key contributor to food security and livelihoods around the world. The Global Plan of Action for Animal Genetic Resources (Global Plan), consisting of four Strategic Priority Areas (SPAs: Characterization; Sustainable use; Conservation; Policy), provides a framework to guide countries and other stakeholders on actions to improve the management of animal genetic resources. Assessing, reporting and monitoring the progress and implementation of the Global Plan are critical processes for understanding global commitments made to enhance livestock genetic diversity. In this study, three rounds of reporting (2012, 2014, and 2019) from Member Nations of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations were quantitatively analyzed to gain insight into the progress and implementation of the Global Plan by grouping questionnaires responses into quantitative indicator scores. Variations were found in indicator scores across SPAs, year, and regions, as well as within regions. Countries from North America and Europe and the Caucasus reported higher scores, while most BRICs countries (Brazil, India, China, South Africa) had high implementation scores relative to other countries in the same region. A significant positive correlation was observed between mean implementation scores in 2019 and GDP per capita (r = 0.456). Countries reporting higher implementation of in situ conservation also indicated higher proportions of breeds at risk. Significant progress was reported over the years for three of the four SPAs; SPA3 (conservation) was not found to have significantly improved. Despite the gains that have been made since 2012 in management of animal genetic resources, much remains to be done. The population status of nearly 60% of breeds is unknown while almost three quarters of breeds of known status are at risk of extinction. Efforts must continue to improve management of livestock genetic diversity, with further investments and development of approaches that support socio-economic viability of local genetic resources.
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Sicignano, Enrico, Giacomo Di Ruocco, and Anna Stabile. "Quali—A Quantitative Environmental Assessment Method According to Italian CAM, for the Sustainable Design of Urban Neighbourhoods in Mediterranean Climatic Regions." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (August 24, 2019): 4603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174603.
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In recent decades, the international scientific debate has focused on maximizing the energy performance of the building organization during the operational phase. However, the energy performance is only partially in line with the strategic environmental objectives defined by the European Commission which, with Communication 2003/302, also defined the guidelines for the drafting of the National Action Plans on Green Public Procurement (NAP GPP). Law no. 296 of 27 December 2006 provided for “... the implementation and monitoring of an Action Plan for the environmental sustainability of public administration consumption”, drawn up by the Ministry of the Environment and the Protection of Land and Sea. This work moves in the direction of identifying design strategies, relating to construction and urban restructuring, compatible with the criteria of energy and environmental sustainability provided for in the New Code of Public Procurement (Legislative Decree 50/2016), in accordance with the directives of the European Community. The parameters that define the methodological articulation (choice of case studies, scope of reference of stakeholders, etc.) orient the use of the results towards similar cases, i.e. design of urban districts located in regions with a Mediterranean climate.
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Soutullo, Silvia, Laura Aelenei, Per Sieverts Nielsen, Jose Antonio Ferrer, and Helder Gonçalves. "Testing Platforms as Drivers for Positive-Energy Living Laboratories." Energies 13, no. 21 (October 27, 2020): 5621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215621.
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The development of city-driven urban laboratories was considered a priority by the European Commission through Action 3.2 of the Strategic Energy Technology Plan. In this context, positive-energy districts laboratories could take the role of urban drivers toward innovation and sustainability in cities. These urban labs can provide real-life facilities with innovative co-creation processes and, at the same time, provide testing, experimenting, and prototyping of innovative technologies. In this scope, the authors of this work want to share the very first results of an empirical study using the testing facilities provided by the members of the Joint Program on Smart Cities of the European Energy Research Alliance as positive-energy districts laboratories. Six climatic regions are studied as boundary conditions, covering temperate and continental climates. Four scales of action are analyzed: Building, campus, urban, and virtual, with building and campus scales being the most frequent. Most of these laboratories focus on energy applications followed by networks, storage systems, and energy loads characterization. Many of these laboratories are regulated by ICT technologies but few of them consider social aspects, lighting, waste, and water systems. A SWOT analysis is performed to highlight the critical points of the testing facilities in order to replicate optimized configurations under other conditions. This statistical study provides guidelines on integration, localization, functionality, and technology modularity aspects. The use of these guidelines will ensure optimal replications, as well as identify possibilities and opportunities to share testing facilities of/between the positive-energy district laboratories.
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Žičkienė, Agnė, Mangirdas Morkunas, Artiom Volkov, Tomas Balezentis, Dalia Streimikiene, and Indre Siksnelyte-Butkiene. "Sustainable Energy Development and Climate Change Mitigation at the Local Level through the Lens of Renewable Energy: Evidence from Lithuanian Case Study." Energies 15, no. 3 (January 28, 2022): 980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15030980.
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The penetration of renewable energy is one of the main challenges for sustainable energy development. Local governments across the European Union commit to development and implementation of the Sustainable Energy (and Climate) Action Plan. This paper focuses on the case of Lithuania—a Central and Eastern European country. Almost one-third of Lithuanian municipalities have joined the Covenant of Mayors and prepared the plans that include SWOT analysis. However, there is a lack of information on how those plans contribute to climate change mitigation and sustainable energy development. This study identifies the links between key policy financial instruments, increasing energy efficiency. The Strategic Action Plans aimed at reducing GHG emissions and energy consumption in Lithuanian municipalities are analyzed. The challenges in promoting the renewable energy generation in Lithuanian rural regions are discussed. Moreover, the importance of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats identified is elicited at the local level. The study uses a combination of methods, such as expert surveys and SWOT analysis, that complements the tools used for regional energy climate planning and allows for overarching analysis. The expert survey shows that priority is given for renovation of buildings and modernization of energy infrastructure, making them more sustainable and more energy efficient. The results also show that, in the case of Lithuania (and possibly elsewhere in the post-Soviet countries), conditions and opportunities should be created beforehand to increase energy efficiency. Once this is achieved, the policies should focus on energy transition by switching to sustainable energy resources.
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Jelavić, Vladimir, and Valentina Delija-Ružić. "Multisektorski pristup u tranziciji prema niskougljičnom razvoju i ciljevima Zelenog akcionog plana EU – iskustva Republike Hrvatske." Energija, Ekonomija, Ekologija 23, no. 3 (2021): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/eee21-3.26j.
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The paper will describe a multisectoral approach in development of long-term planning documents based on the example of developing background papers for low-carbon development strategy in the Republic of Croatia until 2030, with a view to the year 2050. As part of its obligations under the Regulation on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action (EU 2018/1999), the Republic of Croatia is obliged to develop an Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan and a Long-Term Decarbonisation Strategy. New strategic goals of the Green Plan for Europe, intended to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement and raise global competitiveness of the European economy, set an ambitious goal of net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Fulfilling that vision requires a multidisciplinary approach as it does not suffice to reduce emissions from energy, industry, general consumption and transport, but it is necessary to increase removals in agricultural and LULUCF sectors. The paper will describe the development process, the engagement of numerous stakeholders, the methodological approach and the main outcomes. The analyses include detailed modelling in energetics, by economic sectors and natural carbon storage of the LULUCF sector. There are comments on synergistic energy challenges and on maintaining a secure food supply, as well as on sustainable forest management, achieving clean air, use of space and more.
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Patiño, Sofía Rincón-Gallardo, Fabio Da Silva Gomes, Steven Constantinou, Robin Lemaire, Valisa E. Hedrick, Elena L. Serrano, and Vivica I. Kraak. "An Assessment of Government Capacity Building to Restrict the Marketing of Unhealthy Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverage Products to Children in the Region of the Americas." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 6, 2021): 8324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168324.
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The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) Strategic Plan 2020–2025 committed to reduce children’s consumption of energy-dense nutrient-poor food and beverage products high in fat, sugar and salt (HFSS) and promote healthy eating patterns to reduce malnutrition in all forms. This paper describes the capacity-building needs in PAHO’s Member States to restrict the marketing of HFSS food and beverages to children. We asked Ministries of Health officials or national institutes/departmental representatives (n = 35) to complete a 28-item web-based survey (January to July 2020). Capacity-building needs were assessed using an adapted version of the World Health Organization’s government capacity-building framework with three modules: public health infrastructure, policies and information systems. Notable achievements for the PAHO’s Plan of Action were identified. State representatives reported strong infrastructure and information systems; however, policy improvements are needed to increase comprehensive national responses. These include using a constitutional health and human rights approach within the policies, policies that document conflict of interest from non-state actors, and strengthening regulatory oversight for digital media platforms. These findings provide baseline data and we suggest priorities for further action to strengthen national governments’ capacity-building and to accelerate the development, implementation, and monitoring systems to restrict the marketing of HFSS food and non-alcoholic beverages to children in the region of the Americas.
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Ghiani, Emilio, Andrea Giordano, Andrea Nieddu, Luca Rosetti, and Fabrizio Pilo. "Planning of a Smart Local Energy Community: The Case of Berchidda Municipality (Italy)." Energies 12, no. 24 (December 5, 2019): 4629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12244629.
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Recent strategic policies and regulations dealing with market liberalization and decarbonization plans, such as the European directives contained in the recent EU Clean Energy for All Europeans Package, are seeking to promote new roles for citizens in the management of the self-produced renewable energy and the development of local energy markets. In this context, this paper aims at presenting the planning actions for the transition of the current passive distribution system of the Municipality of Berchidda (Italy) towards a smart local energy community. This planning study represents the first stage of a development action financed by the Sardinian Region, whose Regional Energetic and Environmental Plan identifies the Municipality of Berchidda as a priority area to focus the experimental actions for innovative smart grids and intelligent energy management. The project, named “Berchidda Energy 4.0”, focuses on increasing the energy efficiency of the community by boosting local renewable generation production and maximizing its self-consumption, also with the support of storage systems, as well as increasing the active involvement of the consumers that will be equipped with a smart home automation system for demand response applications.
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Kim, Hyun Woo, Dakota Aaron McCarty, and Jaekyung Lee. "Enhancing Sustainable Urban Regeneration through Smart Technologies: An Assessment of Local Urban Regeneration Strategic Plans in Korea." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (August 25, 2020): 6868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12176868.
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This study develops multiple evaluation indexes in the context of sustainable urban regeneration through introducing smart technologies/infrastructures and assesses 63 local urban regeneration strategic plans by using the content analysis method. A total of 107 indexes are developed based on the four aspects (economy, society and culture, environment, and livability) of sustainability. From our findings, the average plan quality score of 54 local governments’ plans is 17.5 out of 50, with the metropolitan governments’ plans averaging 16.8, which indicates that the plans currently sampled do not sufficiently reflect the basic concepts of sustainable and smart urban regeneration. The contents of most of the plans generally focus on specific sectors, such as society, culture, and housing, whereas smart technology-related information and policies are relatively deficient. Among the five plan components (factual bases, goals/objectives, policies/strategies, implementation, coordination) reviewed, the implementation component receives the highest score, while indicators related to action strategies are mentioned least often. In particular, the results reveal that indexes relating to the energy and transportation sectors are not frequently mentioned; as such, each municipality is recommended to work to increase awareness of smart technologies and policies. For urban regeneration projects to be sustainable, multi-faceted policies must be implemented by various stakeholders with a long-term perspective. The results of this study can be used as a base for local planners and decision-makers when adopting and supplementing existing regeneration plans, and can contribute to promoting more sustainable urban regeneration through actively adopting various smart technologies initiatives.
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Kasseh, Y., A. Touzani, and S. EL Majaty. "Exemplarity of the State for the Energy Efficiency of Buildings Institutional - Case of Morocco." Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 22, no. 1 (March 2, 2023): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.46488/nept.2023.v22i01.015.
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Engaged for many years in a strategy to control climate change, Morocco is committed to leverage on sustainable development as a new development model and as a true project for society. This commitment resulted in implementing several reforms targeting the consolidation of a developed economy, improving social conditions, and accelerating positive environmental changes. The public administration developed the Administration Exemplarity Pact (AEP) as a concrete action to lead by example in implementing the National Strategy for Sustainable Development. Developed in accordance with the main stake of the National Strategy of Sustainable Development, its goal is to promote sustainable development governance in our country through several strategic focus areas. This document presents the experience of a Moroccan administration that has implemented the guidelines described in the AEP. The approach and results are detailed and could be used as an example for other Moroccan companies. The first step of the methodology consists of a diagnostic phase to establish the current situation. The second step is related to the strategy to define the approach’s main orientations and the action plan. These key steps allow us to identify areas of improvement and build a roadmap adapted to the current context and constraints. One of the best practices for this approach is to define the main orientations to act by positive contagion on the ecosystem. In conclusion, the AEP axes deployed in a dynamic improvement logic give convincing results. By acting with partners (subcontractors and suppliers), the Moroccan administration can act on the whole value chain and induce an essential change in the Moroccan economic fabric.
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Del-Busto, Felipe, María Dolores Mainar-Toledo, and Víctor Ballestín-Trenado. "Participatory Process Protocol to Reinforce Energy Planning on Islands: A Knowledge Transfer in Spain." International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management 34 (May 25, 2022): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/ijsepm.7090.
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European Union (EU) islands face vast challenges to cope with climate targets while handling complex stakeholders’ networks. This study aims to propose a Participatory Process Protocol to enhance the output of energy plans and projects through the effective engagement of local stakeholders. A knowledge transfer methodology is set to build on a successful experience of the Mediterranean port-cities of Málaga, Cádiz and Sète, now adapted into the case of European Union’s islands advancing with energy developments. First, a clustering analysis is carried out for inhabited islands, resulting in 4 clusters that serve as the classification for the calculation of energy transition Key Performance Indicators according to information received from 70 islands. Based on this, the original Protocol is restructured as a complement for the Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan methodology, the one most adopted by European islands. Finally, how the Protocol might be implemented depending on the particularities of each cluster is discussed, as well as for the case of Spanish islands (Gran Canaria, Tenerife, and La Palma). Specific suggestions and key recommendations for the implementation of the Participatory Process Protocol are mentioned, as an instrument that could raise strategic suggestions from stakeholders to enhance the results of decision-making processes.
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Geletukha, G. G., T. A. Zheliezna, S. V. Drahniev, and A. I. Bashtovyi. "POTENTIAL AND PROSPECTS FOR USING AGRIBIOMASS FOR ENERGY IN UKRAINE." Thermophysics and Thermal Power Engineering 42, no. 1 (April 12, 2020): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31472/ttpe.1.2020.5.
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Purpose of the work is to identify promising directions for using agribiomass for energy in Ukraine. Current state and prospects for the development of this segment of bioenergy are considered. Analysis of the strategic goals for bioenergy development set by the National Renewable Energy Action Plan until 2020 and Energy Strategy of Ukraine until 2035 shows that only wide involvement of agribiomass in the country's fuel and energy complex can ensure attainment of these goals. Ukraine has considerable potential of agricultural biomass. According to data of 2018, it is 10.1 Mtoe, which is 44% of the total bioenergy potential. The main constituents of agribiomass potential are cereal straw and by-products of grain corn production. Today, of the various types of agribiomass, sunflower husk is most actively used for energy: more than 63% of its potential. Utilization of the potential of other types of agricultural residues is between 0 and 3%. For Ukraine, the most promising direction is priority use of corn stover for energy. Feasibility study of corn stalks harvesting as well as production of briquettes and pellets from them was performed. Main factors affecting the cost-effectiveness of projects on solid biofuel production are cost of raw materials, manufacturing line productivity and sale price of the finished product. Results of the feasibility study show that corn briquettes and pellets can be competitive in the biofuel market of Ukraine, and their production can be a profitable business project.
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Ian, Chambers, Roberts John, Urbaniak Suzy, Gibson David, Durant Graham, Cerini Bobby, Maulloo Aman, et al. "Education for Sustainable Development: A Study in Adolescent Perception Changes Towards Sustainability Following a Strategic Planning-Based Intervention—The Young Persons’ Plan for the Planet Program." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 20, 2019): 5817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205817.
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In 2016, the United Nations (UN) launched the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a framework for sustainable development and a sustainable future. However, the global challenge has been to engage, connect, and empower communities, particularly young people, to both understand and deliver the 17 SDGs. In this study, we show the benefit of a strategic planning-based experiential learning tool, the Young Persons’ Plan for the Planet (YPPP) Program, to improve the underlying competencies of Australian and Mauritian adolescents in increasing understanding and delivering the SDGs. The study was conducted with 300 middle to senior high school students, in 25 schools throughout Australia and Mauritius, over an 18-month period. The intervention included the development of research, strategic planning, management, STEM (Science Technology, Engineering, Maths) and global competency skills in the students, to enable them to build and deliver regional and national SDG plans. Research methods included pre- and post-intervention testing of the attitudes of these students to sustainable development outcomes and compared these attitudes to subsets of scientists and the Australian national population. Our results, from both qualitative and quantitative evidence, demonstrate significant improvements in these adolescents’ appreciation of, and attitudes towards, the SDGs and sustainable outcomes, across a range of key parameters. The results from the 76 students who attended the International Conference in Mauritius in December 2018 demonstrate significant improvements in mean levels of understanding, and attitudes of the students towards the SDGs awareness (+85%), understanding/engagement (+75%), motivation (+57%), and action orientation/empowerment (+66%). These changes were tested across a range of socio-demographic, geographic, and cultural parameters, with consistent results. These findings have significant implications for the challenge of sustainable education and achieving community engagement and action towards the SDGs in Australia and Mauritius, particularly for young people. As the intervention can be replicated and scaled, the findings also highlight the opportunity to extend both the research and this type of experiential learning intervention across both broader geographies and other generation and community segments.
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Czaplicka-Kotas, Agnieszka, Joanna Kulczycka, and Natalia Iwaszczuk. "Energy Clusters as a New Urban Symbiosis Concept for Increasing Renewable Energy Production—A Case Study of Zakopane City." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 13, 2020): 5634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145634.
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One of the priority lines of action in Poland is to increase energy production from renewable energy sources (RESs). Based on the “Poland’s national energy and climate plan for the years 2021–2030”, Poland aims to achieve 21%–23% of RES share in gross final energy consumption by 2030. While coal is still the most important source of energy, new technological and organisational solutions for increasing RESs are being tested and implemented. Therefore, the creation of energy clusters based on the idea of urban and industrial symbiosis was first proposed by the Ministry of Energy in 2016. To date, there are 66 clusters in different regions in Poland, but only a few of them are active and innovative. One of them is located in the city of Zakopane, a mountain resort, which attracts about 3 million tourists annually and has developed the wide-ranging use of geothermal sources for energy supply and recreation. The paper aims to analyse the impact of the creation of energy clusters on the city’s development, including economic, social, and environmental aspects. The “willingness to pay” (WTP) method was used to calculate the impact of air pollution on Zakopane and to compare it with the Polish average to estimate the significance of the transformation to RESs in this tourist city. The results from the studies are as follows: health cost per capita in Zakopane is between 252.07 and 921.30 euro. The investigations presented can be the basis for recommendations in strategic documents in the field of regional development and environmental protection, especially on the use and promotion of urban symbiosis for increasing use of RESs.
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De Negri, Juan Francisco, Simon Pezzutto, Sonia Gantioler, David Moser, and Wolfram Sparber. "A Comprehensive Analysis of Public and Private Funding for Photovoltaics Research and Development in the European Union, Norway, and Turkey." Energies 13, no. 11 (May 29, 2020): 2743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112743.
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This study aimed to examine the financing of photovoltaics research and development by analyzing funding from public (European Union and national budgets) and private sources (enterprises), Strategic Energy Technology Plan participating countries being the main focus (European Union Member States plus Norway and Turkey). In the coming years, photovoltaics are expected to heavily contribute towards the achievement of audacious climate and energy objectives. Continuous monitoring of the effects is of great importance to assess a course of action taken at such a large scale. It will be revealed that the distribution of funding provided by national budgets highly concentrates on a few Member States, which is part of a general trend in Research and Development within Europe. Approximately 85% of the current European investment provided by the EU budget is administered in the framework of the Horizon 2020 (2014–2020) program; private investment behaves differently. The European photovoltaics manufacturing market has been obliterated by low-budget imported goods. A major characteristic is that the remaining companies are almost exclusively privately held. Gathering data has consequently been a challenge, as opposed to the readily available public datasets.
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Wang, Luqi. "Barriers to Implementing Pro-Cycling Policies: A Case Study of Hamburg." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (November 14, 2018): 4196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114196.
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Cycling is gaining increasing attention as a convenient, environmentally friendly, and fitness-improving mode of transport. While many policy interventions have been made to promote cycling, not enough research has focused on the barriers to implementing pro-cycling policies. For effective policy implementation, identifying major barriers and removing them is critical. This study took an in-depth look at Hamburg which started a major cycling promotion in 2008. According to expert interviews and literature surveys, the author found that the major barriers are physical, political and institutional, and social and cultural. Specifically, the city lacks enough physical space, political support, and the evaluation of travel behavior and demand. Also, some private stakeholders are reluctant to give up on-street car parking space for cycling lanes, and the negotiation process is difficult and time-consuming. To overcome these barriers, Hamburg requires cycling-oriented urban design, a strategic and integrated cycling action plan, strong political support, and target group-oriented communication.
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Han, Jeong Hugh, and Hyun-Yong Park. "Sustaining Small Exporters’ Performance: Capturing Heterogeneous Effects of Government Export Assistance Programs on Global Value Chain Informedness." Sustainability 11, no. 8 (April 22, 2019): 2380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11082380.
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The previous literature extensively highlighted the importance of export promotion programs (EPPs) provided by governments to enhance small- and medium-sized enterprises’ (SMEs) export performance. However, the literature still (1) lacks sufficient depth in analysing the way different types of EPPs sustain SME export performance and (2) suffers from the absence of an EPP portfolio that guides an efficient resource allocation for different EPP types. To fill these gaps, our study (1) developed a research model that integrates three different types of EPPs and (2) tested their indirect impacts on sustainable export performance via global value chain informedness, which is a largely ignored but indispensable capability in exporting. Using a partial least-squares equation model (PLS SEM) method to analyze 156 samples collected from 1st of October to 31st of December of 2018 by accessing Korean SMEs’ export managers, our model addresses the different roles of EPP types and also the part of the SME value chain informedness that acts as a critical enabler for sustaining export performance. Furthermore, by complementing the PLS SEM with an importance and performance analysis matrix (IPA matrix), we provide an action plan that guides an appropriate resource allocation to different types of EPPs. In theory, we provide an explanation for how different EPPs work for SMEs via the value chain informedness of SMEs for the export performance. We further capture such EPPs operating over the longer term, with a lasting export performance of SMEs so as to supply a sounder theoretical rationale for the EPP provision. The action plan delivers strategic implications for policy makers dealing with export-assistance programs operations. With the importance of global network involvement and communication with foreign partners, the incorporation of value chain informedness uncovers the necessity of interfirm network-focused informedness in international business literature.
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Fischer, Tatjana. "Understanding the Spatial-Related Abstraction of Public Health Impact Goals and Measures: Illustrated by the Example of the Austrian Action Plan on Women’s Health." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020773.
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The influence of spatial aspects on people’s health is internationally proven by a wealth of empirical findings. Nevertheless, questions concerning public health still tend to be negotiated among social and health scientists. This was different in the elaboration of the Austrian Action Plan on Women’s Health (AAPWH). On the example of the target group of older women, it is shown whether and to what extent the inclusion of the spatial planning perspective in the discussion of impact goals and measures is reflected in the respective inter-ministerial policy paper. The retrospective analysis on the basis of a document analysis of the AAPWH and qualitative interviews with public health experts who were also invited to join, or rather were part of, the expert group, brings to light the following key reasons for the high degree of spatial-related abstraction of the content of this strategic health policy paper: the requirement for general formulations, the lack of public and political awareness for the different living situations in different spatial archetypes, and the lack of external perception of spatial planning as a key discipline with regard to the creation of equivalent living conditions. Nonetheless, this research has promoted the external perception of spatial planning as a relevant discipline in public health issues in Austria. Furthermore, first thematic starting points for an in-depth interdisciplinary dialogue were identified.
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AI-Youbi, Abdulrahman Obaid, Abdulmonem Al-Hayani, Hisham J. Bardesi, Mohammed Basheri, Miltiadis D. Lytras, and Naif Radi Aljohani. "The King Abdulaziz University (KAU) Pandemic Framework: A Methodological Approach to Leverage Social Media for the Sustainable Management of Higher Education in Crisis." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (May 26, 2020): 4367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114367.
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The recent pandemic has raised significant challenges worldwide. In higher education, the necessity to adopt efficient strategies to sustain education during the crisis is mobilizing diverse, complementary, and integrative action in response. In this research article, we rise to the challenge of designing and implementing a transparent strategy for social media awareness at King Abdulaziz University (KAU). We introduce a framework for social media impact, termed the KAU Pandemic Framework. This includes the factors with the most important role in enhancing the deployment of social media in crisis in order to minimize the negative impact on education’s sustainability. We used a mixed-methods approach, integrating quantitative statistical analyses of social media data and online surveys and qualitative interviews in such a way as to construct a comprehensive framework. The results show that a methodological framework can be justified and that Twitter contributes significantly to six areas: administrative resilience; education sustainability; community responsibility; positive sentiment; community bonds; and delivery of promised value. The components of our proposed methodological framework integrate five pillars of the strategic adoption of social media: social media governance; social media resilience; social media utilization; decision-making capability; and institutional strategy. Finally, we show that the KAU Pandemic Framework can be used as strategic decision-making tool for the analysis of the gaps and inefficiencies in any social media plan that is deployed and the management challenges arising from the pandemic.
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Wang, Junjie, Yi Zhang, Linde Mei, Xuemei Xu, Hanmei Yin, Xiaoqiong Feng, and Junhui Chen. "Carbon Reduction of the Three-Year Air Pollution Control Plan under the LEAP Model Using a GREAT Tool in Panzhihua, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21 (November 4, 2022): 14482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114482.
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In the context of global warming and climate change, various international communities have set different reduction targets for carbon emissions. In 2020, China proposed that CO2 emissions will peak by 2030 and reached a critical period in which carbon reduction is a key strategic direction. Sichuan Academy of Environmental Sciences published the “Panzhihua Three-Year Iron Fist Gas Control Action Plan” in 2021. The measures implemented in the plan only address general considerations of conventional pollutants in the atmosphere. This study established the Panzhihua LEAP model based on the GREAT tool and built four simulation scenarios, including pollutant treatment upgrade (PTU), traffic improvement (TI), boiler remediation (BR), and baseline scenarios for industrial sources, mobile sources, and industrial boilers in policy implementation. It provided a supportive basis for the development of environmental protection measures in Sichuan province to increase the efficiency of carbon emission reduction. The quantitative analysis of the simulation results for the five years from 2020 to 2024 was conducted to discuss the intrinsic links between carbon emissions and energy consumption, market storage, and demand under different scenarios. It concluded that the BR and TI scenarios benefit carbon reduction, while the PTU scenario negatively impacts it. This study provided recommendations for analyzing the carbon footprint at a city-wide level, quantifying the relationship between the implementation of relevant environmental measures and carbon emissions, which are available for policy development that incorporates carbon reduction considerations and offers relevant support for future research.
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Manzano, Jerónimo Vida, José Antonio Almagro Pastor, and Rafael García Quesada. "The importance of changing urban scenery in the assessment of citizens’ soundscape perception. On the need for different time-related points of view." Noise Mapping 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 138–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/noise-2021-0011.
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Abstract The city of Granada is experimenting a big urban transformation, attending national and international commitments on clean air, energy efficiency and savings linked to greenhouse gases reduction strategies and sustainable development action plans. This situation constitutes a good scenario for new noise control approaches that take into account the sound variable and citizens empowering in urban design, such as the soundscape assessment of urban territory. In this way, soundscape tools have been used in Granada as a complementary method for environmental noise characterisation where traditional noise control techniques are difficult to be carried out or give limited results. After 2016 strategic noise map and in the preparation of the new noise action plan, the city came across a great acoustic challenge in a new area located outskirts characterised by growing urbanisation, still under development, the greatest legal protection because of sensitive teaching and hospital buildings and the greatest noise exposure from nearby ring-way supporting heavy traffic flow. As quiet urban areas are not characterised by the absence of noise but for the presence of the right noise, this research intended to provide the local administration with results and proposals to transform this conflict area in a pleasant or quiet urban place. Main results came from important and significative differences in morning and evening characterisation, as great differences appear in soundscape assessment over the day and along the soundwalk path, indicating the importance of time and local issues to adequately characterised citizens perception to be considered by administration in the development of strategies and effective noise control actions.
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Hasudungan, Herbert Wibert Victor. "THE IMPACTS OF IMPLEMENTING THE CARBON TAX ON FOSSIL FUELS: A HYBRID CGE ANALYSIS FOR INDONESIA." Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas 40, no. 2 (September 18, 2018): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.29017/scog.40.2.44.
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This paper investigates the environmental and economic impacts of introducing the CO2 taxation on carbon-based fuels using a detailed disaggregation of energy-economy-environmental CGE model for Indonesia. The carbon tax has yet to be implemented in Indonesia. However, this instrument has been considered in the Ministry of Finance report as one of the governments fiscal strategic framework to finance the countrys action plan in commitments to reduce the GHG emissions. Suppose that the government levies the tax of Rp. 100,000/ton CO2e under two possible revenue-recycling scenarios: the carbon tax revenue is recycled through a reduction of labour income tax rate or an increase of government spending on commodities. For comparison purpose, we also implement the non-compensated scenario of which the additional revenue from carbon tax is kept as government savings to run budget surplus. Overall, the results suggested that the carbon tax reduces the national emissions but adding more costs to the economy,resulting a fall in GDP. In terms of income distribution, the carbon tax tends to be progressive in both scenarios of revenue-recycling. However, when there is no compensating mechanism, the carbon tax tends to be regressive - the poorer households carry a higher share of the carbon tax burden.
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Acampa, Giovanna, Mariolina Grasso, Giorgia Marino, and Claudia Mariaserena Parisi. "Tourist Flow Management: Social Impact Evaluation through Social Network Analysis." Sustainability 12, no. 2 (January 19, 2020): 731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020731.
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The present paper was prompted by the activity carried out within the scope of an EU-funded project (WARMEST). It calls to analyse the reasons for the degradation of the Patio de Los Leones, which attracts over 2 million tourists per year to Granada in Spain. We review here the most advanced studies and regulations on the assessment of the social impact of mass tourism and present a novel methodology to analyse its effects. We dug into the material available on social networks—especially feedback to posts published on major relevant sites—and got a comprehensive picture of the thoughts that were expressed there and a comprehensive assessment of the citizens’ opinion on the social impact of tourism in Granada. Thus, we obtained a new indicator called “C.1.2 index modified”, which measures the level of dissatisfaction of citizens with the tourists’ pressure; we propose to replace the existing ETIS index with C.1.2, which is mainly based on direct surveys that are often carried out with very limited resources. At the end of the research, we could point out topics that are especially important to the citizens, thus allowing us to define a strategic action plan with a bottom-up approach.
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Fogarty, Dillon T., Caleb P. Roberts, Daniel R. Uden, Victoria M. Donovan, Craig R. Allen, David E. Naugle, Matthew O. Jones, Brady W. Allred, and Dirac Twidwell. "Woody Plant Encroachment and the Sustainability of Priority Conservation Areas." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 9, 2020): 8321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208321.
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Woody encroachment is a global driver of grassland loss and management to counteract encroachment represents one of the most expensive conservation practices implemented in grasslands. Yet, outcomes of these practices are often unknown at large scales and this constrains practitioner’s ability to advance conservation. Here, we use new monitoring data to evaluate outcomes of grassland conservation on woody encroachment for Nebraska’s State Wildlife Action Plan, a statewide effort that targets management in Biologically Unique Landscapes (BULs) to conserve the state’s natural communities. We tracked woody cover trajectories for BULs and compared BUL trajectories with those in non-priority landscapes (non-BULs) to evaluate statewide and BUL-scale conservation outcomes more than a decade after BUL establishment. Statewide, woody cover increased by 256,653 ha (2.3%) from 2000–2017. Most BULs (71%) experienced unsustainable trends of grassland loss to woody encroachment; however, management appeared to significantly reduce BUL encroachment rates compared to non-BULs. Most BULs with early signs of encroachment lacked control strategies, while only one BUL with moderate levels of encroachment (Loess Canyons) showed evidence of a management-driven stabilization of encroachment. These results identify strategic opportunities for proactive management in grassland conservation and demonstrate how new monitoring technology can support large-scale adaptive management pursuits.
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Lawani, Kenneth, Chioma Okoro, Michael Tong, and Billy Hare. "Maximizing Construction of Timber Kit Homes Using Telescopic Crane to Improve Efficiency and Safety: A Case Study." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 8, 2020): 10238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410238.
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The challenges of improving efficiency and safety is a daunting task as workers are squeezed with an ever-dwindling resource pool and yet expected to deliver construction projects at optimum capacity. Improving efficiency and safety using telescopic cranes for the construction of Off-Site Manufacturing (OSM) timber kit homes is a viable option for the speedy delivery of new homes. An action research evaluated the maximization of the build and process efficiency and safety using a crane to erect wall panels, floors, and roofs. Data collection through direct observation assessed the labor uptime and downtime, including crane usage. A balanced score card was used by management for strategic organizational decision-making regarding the crane erection. The use of the crane reduced workplace manual handling of OSM panels, minimized the exposure of operatives to work at height risks, and eliminated alterations to scaffolds. However, the manual loading of thermal-insulated plasterboards to floor decks impacted the process efficiency and speed of installing the fixtures and increased the risk of musculoskeletal disorders. High labor downtimes were associated with the adverse weather conditions, which slowed the efficiency of the workforce during construction. The management’s inability to adequately plan the work program further hindered aspects of lifting operations and the speed and number of houses built.
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Karagu, A., A. Ng'ang'a, J. Kibachio, and P. Gichangi. "Developing a National Cancer Control Plan Through Effective Partnerships: A Case of Kenya National Cancer Control Strategy 2017-2022." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 160s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.26900.
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Background and context: A National Cancer Control Strategy (NCCS) provides a strategic framework that guides the systematic approach toward cancer prevention and control based on the existing cancer burden, risk factor prevalence and available resources. Though Kenya developed her first Kenya National Cancer Control Strategy in 2011, its implementation was characterized with various shortcomings. Aim: The Kenyan Ministry of Health set out to develop the second edition of the National Cancer Control Strategy with a focus on greater partnerships, evidence-based interventions and shared accountability of roles informed by lessons learnt from the NCCS 2011-2016. Strategy/Tactics: The Head of the National Cancer Control Program at the Ministry of Health was identified as the National Coordinator to lead the process and keep each stakeholder on track. A clear road map for developing the strategic plan was drawn with specific timelines. The process was further aligned to the Ministry of Health performance contracting system, a mechanism under the Government's public sector reforms aimed at improving performance. Program/Policy process: The Ministry hosted an integrated mission of Program for Action on Cancer Therapy (imPACT) coordinated by the International Atomic Energy Agency in August 2016 that reviewed the implementation of the NCCS 2011-2016. Following submission of the final imPACT report to the Ministry in November 2016, a steering committee led by the National Coordinator was established in December 2016. An initial one-day stakeholder meeting held in January 2017 developed consensus on the general outline of the document. Two multistakeholder retreats were held between March and April to develop the content for the strategy with an intervening review meeting to further refine the draft which was submitted to a set of 3 external reviewers. A final stakeholder validation meeting was held in May 2017 followed by proofreading and printing of the document. The process culminated with a national launch of the second National Cancer Control Strategy held in July 2017. Outcomes: A National Cancer Control Plan covering the entire continuum of care with interventions around 5 key pillars: prevention, screening and early detection; diagnosis and registration; treatment, palliative care and survivorship; coordination, partnerships and financing; monitoring, evaluation and research. The document was developed and launched in a record 6 months and contains an elaborate implementation matrix with clear indicators. What was learned: It is important to identify a focal person to steer the NCCS development process guided by a clear road map with specific timelines. A well-coordinated multisectoral partnership is crucial to developing such a comprehensive document.
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Khomenko, Mykola, Kateryna Pryakhina, and Kostyantyn Latyshev. "Prospects for development of Ukraine and EU in the field of renewable energy sources." SHS Web of Conferences 61 (2019): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196101008.
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In article assessment of tendencies and prospects of cooperation between Ukraine and the European Union in the field of renewable energy sources was carried out. Over the past decades, the theme of climate change, especially caused by human activity, has become one of the most acute and most exploited in scientific disputes. Today, the problem of finding new sources of energy is more than acute, with a special place occupy non-traditional ones. The reduction of Ukraine's energy dependence on traditional fuel resources is possible only through the development and use own alternative energy, which uses local resources – bioenergy as a fuel or does not require a fuel component at all – solar, wind and small hydropower. The European Union is one of the leaders in the implementation of alternative energy and renewable energy sources and initiates the creation of many organizations that finance alternative energy projects. Ukraine should ensure the effective convergence of its own legislation with the European Union, since it defined the European integration vector as a priority area of foreign policy development. At the same time, within the framework of the Union, the mechanism of environmental protection and progressive approaches to the implementation of energy policy, including in the field of renewable energy, can serve as the most constructive benchmarks for Ukraine's development in this area. Ukraine signed the Paris Agreement, and undertook certain commitments, namely: in accordance with the National Action Plan on alternative energy up to 2020, the objective was to reach 11% of RES in gross final energy consumption. Achieving this goal is possible only in the case of international cooperation with the EU in the field of alternative energy. However, today, the study of the prospects of cooperation between Ukraine and the EU in this field is not developing sufficiently and there is a certain vacuum in solving strategic problems in this context, which determines the relevance of the topic.
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Balletto, Ginevra, Alessandra Milesi, Nicolò Fenu, Giuseppe Borruso, and Luigi Mundula. "Military Training Areas as Semicommons: The Territorial Valorization of Quirra (Sardinia) from Easements to Ecosystem Services." Sustainability 12, no. 2 (January 15, 2020): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020622.
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The paper addresses the issue of the concurrent use of coastal areas for military training and civil activities, namely tourism. In the paper, starting from the consideration of publicly owned assets as ‘semi-commons’, we propose a method based on the comparison of planning instruments related to the different uses, and try to model them in a grid, where different weights and degrees of evaluation can be considered, in order to promote, rather than blocking, possible activities, compatible with concurrent use. The military areas in Sardinia (region and island, Italy) are around 234 km2, which constitutes 60% of the national surface affected by military easements. This situation is due to its geographic position, considered centrality in the Mediterranean for strategic reasons. This contribution evaluates the performance of the Local Coastline Plan (LCP) and the Site management plan of Community Interest (SCI) in conditions of military constraint. The case study is the municipality of Villaputzu South Sardinia, Italy), where an important coastal military easement and the use of the coast for recreational tourism purposes coexist together through specific planning, a consequence of institutional agreements between the Municipal Administration of Villaputzu and the Ministry of Defense. The idea is considering the concurrent possible land uses guaranteed by the different planning instruments, instead of focusing, as it is generally the rule, on the sum of constraints provided by the laws. The local coastline plan has been identified as the ideal planning tool, which addresses the co-existence of apparently opposite land uses and interests, as those expressed by the local municipal planning and those expressed by the military. An evaluation of the congruence of the specific objectives of the LCP and SCI shows how their combined action favors the environmental enhancement of Sardinia, contributing to the formation of ecosystem services, even in particular conditions arising from military easements. These are sites that evolve from ‘anticommons’ to ‘semicommons’. In fact, the military release process in Sardinia, together with the promiscuous military and civil use, activates unique governance policies of their kind that find a significant field of application in Sardinia to guarantee sustainable renewal of economic development of the ‘semi-commons’ awaiting to become ‘commons’.
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Biondić, Ranko, Hrvoje Meaški, Božidar Biondić, and Jelena Loborec. "Karst Aquifer Vulnerability Assessment (KAVA) Method—A Novel GIS-Based Method for Deep Karst Aquifers." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 17, 2021): 3325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063325.
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Karst aquifers in the Dinaric karst are very rich with groundwater and are a very important resource for public water supply. The characteristics of the Dinaric karst are the lack, or very thin layer, of covering deposits, large amounts of precipitations, high groundwater velocities, very deep groundwater flow with a lot of faults and fault zones, pits to groundwater, concentrated sinking and large karst springs, making them extremely vulnerable to all anthropogenic influences, which are very quickly transmitted to the aquifer. Numerous multiparameter methods have been developed in the last 20 years to determine the level of vulnerability of aquifers. Each of them has its own specifics and is well adapted to the climate and region for which it was developed. The Karst Aquifer Vulnerability Assessment (KAVA) method was developed in accordance with all the characteristics of the deep karst aquifers of the Dinaric karst and tested on several basins in the area. It was developed as a part of the Global Environment Facility United Nations Environmental Programme – the Mediterranean Action Plan Strategic Partnership for the Mediterranean Sea Large Marine Ecosystem (GEF UNEP/MAP MedPartnership Project). This paper presents the KAVA method and its application to two characteristic karst basins of the Dinaric karst: the Novljanska Žrnovnica spring catchment area and the Bakar Bay catchment area.
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Bushueva, A. S. "Japan-Iran relations in the post-war era: The Middle Eastern dilemma for Japan." Japanese Studies in Russia, no. 4 (January 5, 2023): 6–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.55105/2500-2872-2022-4-6-19.
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After the 1979 Islamic Revolution, Iran did not change its policy towards Japan, which was not only perceived separately from the West, but was also a major customer of its raw resources and a potential economic donor. In turn, Japan had to pursue the policy of unstable balancing towards Iran, by coordinating its Middle Eastern policy with its strategic ally, the United States, and simultaneously trying to preserve close ties with Iran, which were important from the point of view of maintaining energy security. The article shows how Japan tried to maneuver between these two countries: it took steps to realize large-scale economic projects in Iran’s energy sector, to limit sanctions, which were minimal on its side, etc., and simultaneously participated in the anti-Iran campaign pursued by Western countries under the pressure of the US, or under the influence of major crises in the region (for example, the Iran-Iraq War). Japan continues to face this “Middle Eastern dilemma” in present times as well. It could partly have been solved by the signing of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action on the Iranian nuclear program in 2015, were it not for the fact that, two years later, under the US administration of Donald Trump, the US-Iran relations worsened significantly. Nevertheless, in this period, Japan successfully tried its mediatory potential, making use of its good relations with both parties of the conflict: on the one hand, it refused to participate in the US operation in the Strait of Hormuz, on the other, it halted the unfreezing of Iran’s funds in its banks, which had been blocked after the introduction of sanctions by the US administration of Donald Trump. Recently, the activization of China in the region has become a factor of risk for Japan’s Middle Eastern policy, as China tries to use the weaking positions of the US and to occupy the vacuum that was left in its wake, which is illustrated by the signing of the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership agreement between Beijing and Tehran in March 2021. This forces Japan to deliberately strengthen its positions and expand its presence in Iran. It appears that Japan’s approaches to solving the “Middle Eastern dilemma” deserve special attention in the future as well.
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Zafriana, Lusi, Marjono Marjono, Indah Dwi Qurbani, and Sugiono Sugiono. "Determination of the palm based biodiesel policy integration model as a renewable energy commodity." Decision Science Letters 10, no. 3 (2021): 263–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.dsl.2021.3.003.
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The increase in economic activity in the industrial sector and the rapid growth of the world population have stimulated an increase in energy demand. In 2004, Indonesia earned the status of a net importer of oil so that it becomes a challenge for the Indonesian government in developing the use of renewable energy to achieve ideal conditions for national energy security. Indonesia has the potential for large amounts of renewable energy sources, one of which is palm-based biodiesel. The mandatory biodiesel policy program was implemented in 2008 with a biodiesel content of 2.5% and gradually until 2019 with a biodiesel content of 30% (B30). The mandatory biodiesel policy is closely related to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the concept of maintaining the balance of Trilemma Energi. The current energy management and utilization policies in Indonesia continue to increase in line with modern life consumption patterns that require a more environmentally friendly energy variable for energy absorption in Indonesia, especially renewable energy. The purpose of this research is to determine the integration model of palm-based biodiesel policy as a renewable energy commodity to support energy security. This study uses several strategic frameworks by combining a quantitative approach through the perspective of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) and measuring the technology coefficient using the Technology Contribution Coefficient (TCC), as well as a qualitative approach with the Business Model Canvas (BMC) and the design of the Omnibus Law. Data were collected through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and Expert Opinion (EO) which were validated by Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) using a sample of 40 respondents from related agencies. The results showed that based on the SEM-PLS validation of 20 BSC perspective variables, two invalid variables were obtained, namely the variable efficiency port service cost and value-added creation which had a P value> 0.05. Meanwhile, Indonesia's TCC score is quite high, namely 0.787, which means that Indonesia is quite aggressive in developing biodiesel and its policies. Based on the results of the FGD expert, it was obtained that the BMC initiates the helicopters to view current biodiesel developments. And 10 regulations have been drafted into a proposed draft Omnibus Law through an action plan.
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Gatto, Fabiana, and Ilaria Re. "Circular Bioeconomy Business Models to Overcome the Valley of Death. A Systematic Statistical Analysis of Studies and Projects in Emerging Bio-Based Technologies and Trends Linked to the SME Instrument Support." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 10, 2021): 1899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041899.
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Reducing the environmental pressure along the products life cycle, increasing efficiency in the consumption of resources and use of renewable raw materials, and shifting the economic system toward a circular and a climate-neutral model represent the heart of the current macro-trends of the European Union (EU) policy agendas. The circular economy and bioeconomy concepts introduced in the EU’s Circular Economy Action Plan and the Bioeconomy Strategy support innovation in rethinking economic systems focusing on market uptaking of greener solutions based on less-intensive resource consumption. In recent decades, industrial research has devoted enormous investments to demonstrate sustainable circular bio-based business models capable of overcoming the “Valley of Death” through alternative strategic orientations of “technological-push” and “market-pull”. The study highlights industrial research’s evolution on bio-based circular business model validation, trends, and topics with particular attention to the empowering capacity of start-ups and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to close the loops in renewable biological use and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. The research methodology involves a bibliographic search based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach and the European Innovation Council (EIC) Accelerator Data Hub investigation to understand SMEs’ key success factors and start-ups of the circular bioeconomy sector. Eco and bio-based materials, nutraceuticals, and microalgae represent the most sustainable industry applications, leading to circular bioeconomy business models’ future perspective.