Journal articles on the topic 'Seagrass ecosystems'
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Khalifa, Muta Ali, Ani Rahmawati, Forcep Rio Indaryanto, Luky Adrianto, Syamsul Bahri Agus, Fery Kurniawan, Aldi Agus Setiawan, Desy Aryani, and Agustin Rustam. "The Impact of Tsunami on Seagrass Ecosystem in Tanjung Lesung, Banten, Indonesia." Omni-Akuatika 16, no. 3 (December 30, 2020): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.oa.2020.16.3.859.
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The Sunda Strait Tsunami (end of 2018) has an impact on the seagrass ecosystem in Tanjung Lesung. This paper described the seagrass ecosystem’s changes after the tsunami disaster. Sentinel-2 satellite image processing in 2018 and 2019 was used to see changes in the seagrass area. The field data were collected from May–July 2019, including the types of seagrass ecosystems based on data seagrass existence, density and biomass. Then, the seagrass sample was analyzed biomass after the tsunami disaster. The results showed that the data from 2018 – 2019 showed decreased seagrass area from 105.86 to 77.07 ha. Seagrass density dropped quite dramatically, and the species of Halodule uninervis was no longer found. The ratio of after tsunami BG/AbG dry biomass has doubled compared to before the tsunami, which indicates the seagrass's lower biomass is higher than the upper part allegedly due to tsunami impacts. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the seagrass ecosystems changed and disrupted by the tsunami. Keywords: Seagrass, Tanjung Lesung, Tsunami, Sentinel-2
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Munandar, Rizqan Khairan, Sulistiono Sulistiono, and Isdrajad Setyobudiandi. "Pengelolaan Ekosistem Lamun untuk Keberlanjutan Populasi Kuda Laut di Desa Sebong Pereh, Kabupaten Bintan." Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 25, no. 3 (July 29, 2020): 405–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18343/jipi.25.3.405.
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This research is about studying ecosystems that was designed to analyze the relationship between seagrass ecosystem, environmental competition, and seahorse participation to analyze the distribution of seagrass ecosystems and the abundance of sea horses, and to analyze seahorse-based ecosystem management strategies. This research was conducted in March–June 2017. The determination of the research station was based on purposive sampling technique. Retrieval of seagrass ecosystem data was conducted using a quadrant with the size of 50 x 50 cm transect. Seahorse data were collected using visual census on seagrass transect with a plot of 100 x 100 cm. The relationships between environmental parameters, seagrass ecosystems, and seahorses were calculated using XL Starting 2015. Management of seagrass ecosystems was analyzed using SWOT. Analysis of seagrass included type, density, and INP. Seahorse analysis calculated the abundance of seahorse. The results found 6 species of seagrasses, namely Enhalus acoraides (Ea), Thalassia hemprichii (Th), Halophila ovalis (Ho), Syringodium isoetifolium (Si), Cymodocea serrulata (Cs), and Thalassodendron ciliatum (Tc) with a density that covered sea horse abundance, and INP which had several types of roles in the research location. The management is carried out with the objectives of sustainable resources.
Keywords: seagrass ecosystem, seahorse, Sebong Pereh Village
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Ramesh, Chatragadda, and Raju Mohanraju. "Seagrass Ecosystems of Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Status and Future Perspective." Environmental and Earth Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/eesrj.070407.
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Seagrasses are unique marine flowering plants that play an important ecological role by yielding primary production and carbon sequestration to the marine environment. Seagrass ecosystems are rich in organic matter, supporting the growth of bio-medically important epi and endophytic microorganisms and harbor rich marine biodiversity. They are an essential food source for endangered Andaman state animal Dugongs. Seagrasses are very sensitive to water quality changes, and therefore they serve as ecological bio-indicators for environmental changes. The benthic components in and around the seagrass beds support a significant food chain for other Micro and organisms apart from fishery resources. The epiphytic bacterial communities of the leaf blades support the sustenance against the diseases. Recent reports have shown that the loss of seagrass beds in tropical and temperate regions emphasizes the depletion of these resources, and proper management of seagrass is urgent. The decline of seagrass will impact primary production, biodiversity, and adjacent ecosystems, such as reefs. Therefore, restoring the seagrass meadows could be possible with effective implementing management programs, including seagrass meadows in marine protected areas, restoration projects, seagrass transplantation, implementation of legislative rules, monitoring coastal water quality and human activities in the coastal zone. Lacunas on the seagrass ecosystem management in Andaman & Nicobar Islands are addressed.
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Reid, T. "Seagrass in Australia. A Strategic Review and Development of a Research and Development Plan." Pacific Conservation Biology 6, no. 2 (2000): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc00178a.
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Australia possesses the highest diversity of seagrasses and the most extensive seagrass meadows world-wide. Unfortunately, Australia also has claim to some of the most significant declines of this habitat over the last 50 years. Seagrass in Australia reflects the shift from viewing seagrass species or even habitats as separate unconnected entities. Instead, it views them as components of larger ecosystems which incorporates the author's aim to develop a comprehensive, ecosystem based management plan.
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Leemans, Luuk, Isis Martínez, Tjisse van der Heide, Marieke M. van Katwijk, and Brigitta I. van Tussenbroek. "A Mutualism Between Unattached Coralline Algae and Seagrasses Prevents Overgrazing by Sea Turtles." Ecosystems 23, no. 8 (February 18, 2020): 1631–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-020-00492-w.
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AbstractSeagrass meadows are threatened biodiversity hot spots that provide essential ecosystem services. Green sea turtles may overgraze meadows, further enhancing seagrass decline. However, we observed an unexpected, remarkable recovery of seagrasses in a previously overgrazed meadow with abundant unattached branched coralline algae, suggesting that turtle grazing had ceased. We hypothesize that this recovery is due to an effective grazing-protection mutualism, in which the spiny coralline algae structures protect the seagrass meadows from overgrazing, while the seagrasses protect the algae from removal by currents and waves. Removing coralline algae from recovered seagrass plots allowed the turtles to resume grazing, while addition of coralline algae to grazed plots caused cessation of grazing. Coralline algae that were placed on bare sand were quickly displaced by wave action, whereas those placed in grazed or ungrazed seagrass remained. Our experiments demonstrate a grazing-protection mutualism, which likely explains the witnessed recovery of an overgrazed seagrass meadow. To our knowledge, this is the first account of a plant–plant grazing-protection mutualism in an aquatic environment. Our findings show that grazing-protection mutualisms can be vital for the maintenance and recovery of ecosystems shaped by habitat-structuring foundation species, and highlight the importance of mutualisms in coastal ecosystems. As seagrasses, sea turtles and coralline algae share habitats along tropical shores worldwide, the mutualism may be a global phenomenon. Overgrazing is expected to increase, and this mutualism adds a new perspective to the conservation and restoration of these valuable ecosystems.
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Karlina, Ita, Aditya Hikmat Nugraha, Dony Apdillah, Jelita Rahma Hidayati, and Esty Kurniawati. "Sosialisasi penyemaian bibit dari buah Enhalus acoroides untuk menjaga keberlanjutan ekosistem Lamun di Desa Pengudang Pulau Bintan." Unri Conference Series: Community Engagement 3 (November 18, 2021): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/unricsce.3.148-155.
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Seagrass ecosystems contribute to food security, climate change mitigation, and biodiversity, yet they are vulnerable to changes in the environment. Environmental factors, both natural and human-caused, are the primary cause of the loss in the area of seagrass ecosystems. Transplanting or sowing seagrass is one method for addressing this issue. The goal of this project is to maintain the seagrass environment and give coastal people with knowledge so that they may contribute to the conservation of coastal habitats, particularly seagrass ecosystems, in Pengudang Village, Bintan. The seeding process starts with a search for seagrass in areas with a dense seagrass habitat. Enhalus acoroides was chosen as the seeding object in this investigation. The findings revealed that 78% of respondents were highly aware of the existence of seagrass ecosystems (perception), 28% were very aware of the function and existence of seagrass ecosystems (understanding), and 86% significantly participated in seagrass ecosystem conservation (participation).
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Duarte, Carlos M. "The future of seagrass meadows." Environmental Conservation 29, no. 2 (June 2002): 192–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892902000127.
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Seagrasses cover about 0.1–0.2% of the global ocean, and develop highly productive ecosystems which fulfil a key role in the coastal ecosystem. Widespread seagrass loss results from direct human impacts, including mechanical damage (by dredging, fishing, and anchoring), eutrophication, aquaculture, siltation, effects of coastal constructions, and food web alterations; and indirect human impacts, including negative effects of climate change (erosion by rising sea level, increased storms, increased ultraviolet irradiance), as well as from natural causes, such as cyclones and floods. The present review summarizes such threats and trends and considers likely changes to the 2025 time horizon. Present losses are expected to accelerate, particularly in South-east Asia and the Caribbean, as human pressure on the coastal zone grows. Positive human effects include increased legislation to protect seagrass, increased protection of coastal ecosystems, and enhanced efforts to monitor and restore the marine ecosystem. However, these positive effects are unlikely to balance the negative impacts, which are expected to be particularly prominent in developing tropical regions, where the capacity to implement conservation policies is limited. Uncertainties as to the present loss rate, derived from the paucity of coherent monitoring programmes, and the present inability to formulate reliable predictions as to the future rate of loss, represent a major barrier to the formulation of global conservation policies. Three key actions are needed to ensure the effective conservation of seagrass ecosystems: (1) the development of a coherent worldwide monitoring network, (2) the development of quantitative models predicting the responses of seagrasses to disturbance, and (3) the education of the public on the functions of seagrass meadows and the impacts of human activity.
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Macreadie, Peter I., Stacey M. Trevathan-Tackett, Charles G. Skilbeck, Jonathan Sanderman, Nathalie Curlevski, Geraldine Jacobsen, and Justin R. Seymour. "Losses and recovery of organic carbon from a seagrass ecosystem following disturbance." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1817 (October 22, 2015): 20151537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1537.
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Seagrasses are among the Earth's most efficient and long-term carbon sinks, but coastal development threatens this capacity. We report new evidence that disturbance to seagrass ecosystems causes release of ancient carbon. In a seagrass ecosystem that had been disturbed 50 years ago, we found that soil carbon stocks declined by 72%, which, according to radiocarbon dating, had taken hundreds to thousands of years to accumulate. Disturbed soils harboured different benthic bacterial communities (according to 16S rRNA sequence analysis), with higher proportions of aerobic heterotrophs compared with undisturbed. Fingerprinting of the carbon (via stable isotopes) suggested that the contribution of autochthonous carbon (carbon produced through plant primary production) to the soil carbon pool was less in disturbed areas compared with seagrass and recovered areas. Seagrass areas that had recovered from disturbance had slightly lower (35%) carbon levels than undisturbed, but more than twice as much as the disturbed areas, which is encouraging for restoration efforts. Slow rates of seagrass recovery imply the need to transplant seagrass, rather than waiting for recovery via natural processes. This study empirically demonstrates that disturbance to seagrass ecosystems can cause release of ancient carbon, with potentially major global warming consequences.
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Omollo, Derrick, Virginia Wang’ondu, Michael Githaiga, Daniel Gorman, and James Kairo. "The Contribution of Subtidal Seagrass Meadows to the Total Carbon Stocks of Gazi Bay, Kenya." Diversity 14, no. 8 (August 11, 2022): 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14080646.
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Seagrass beds occur globally in both intertidal and subtidal zones within shallow marine environments, such as bays and estuaries. These important ecosystems support fisheries production, attenuate strong wave energies, support human livelihoods and sequester large amounts of CO2 that may help mitigate the effects of climate change. At present, there is increased global interest in understanding how these ecosystems could help alleviate the challenges likely to face humanity and the environment into the future. Unlike other blue carbon ecosystems, i.e., mangroves and saltmarshes, seagrasses are less understood, especially regarding their contribution to the carbon dynamics. This is particularly true in regions with less attention and limited resources. Paucity of information is even more relevant for the subtidal meadows that are less accessible. In Kenya, much of the available information on seagrasses comes from Gazi Bay, where the focus has been on the extensive intertidal meadows. As is the case with other regions, there remains a paucity of information on subtidal meadows. This limits our understanding of the overall contribution of seagrasses in carbon capture and storage. This study provides the first assessment of the species composition and variation in carbon storage capacity of subtidal seagrass meadows within Gazi Bay. Nine seagrass species, comprising of Cymodocea rotundata, Cymodocea serrulata, Enhalus acoroides, Halodule uninervis, Halophila ovalis, Halophila stipulacea, Syringodium isoetifolium, Thalassia hemprichii, and Thalassodendron ciliatum, were found. Organic carbon stocks varied between species and pools, with the mean below ground vegetation carbon (bgc) stocks (5.1 ± 0.7 Mg Cha−1) being more than three times greater than above ground carbon (agc) stocks (0.5 ± 0.1 Mg Cha−1). Mean sediment organic carbon stock (sed Corg) of the subtidal seagrass beds was 113 ± 8 Mg Cha−1. Combining this new knowledge with existing data from the intertidal and mangrove fringed areas, we estimate the total seagrass ecosystem organic carbon stocks in the bay to be 196,721 Mg C, with the intertidal seagrasses storing about 119,790 Mg C (61%), followed by the subtidal seagrasses 55,742 Mg C (28%) and seagrasses in the mangrove fringed creeks storing 21,189 Mg C (11%). These findings are important in highlighting the need to protect subtidal seagrass meadows and for building a national and global data base on seagrass contribution to global carbon dynamics.
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Lazaren, Cornelia Coraima, Made Antara, and Ida Ayu Astarini. "KONDISI EKOSISTEM DAN VALUASI EKONOMI LAMUN DI PANTAI SAMUH, NUSA DUA, BALI." ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) 14, no. 2 (December 24, 2020): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ejes.2020.v14.i02.p10.
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Seagrass ecosystems in addition to providing economic benefits also have ecological functions, so it is highly recommended to conserve these ecosystems in order to preserve spawning areas, nurseries and habitats for fish and other marine biota. This study aims to identify the condition of seagrass ecosystems in Samuh Beach, Nusa Dua, estimating the economic value of the seagrass ecosystems in Samuh Beach, Nusa Dua and formulating for sustainable management of seagrass ecosystems in Samuh Beach, Nusa Dua. The study was conducted in January-March 2020 at Samuh Beach, Nusa Dua, Bali. Data collected includes secondary data and primary data. Secondary data were collected from related institutions, while primary data were collected through purposive sampling and questionnaires. The analysis used was description analysis, calculation of the economic value of marine resources through a Total Economic Value (TEV) and DPSIR analysis. This study found that the actual condition of the seagrass ecosystem resources in Samuh Beach is currently in the category of less rich/less healthy due to natural factors (substrate conditions) and human activity (anthropogenic). The economic value of seagrass ecosystems at Samuh Beach Nusa Dua, Bali showed the total economic value reached IDR. 327,843,325 per year and seagrass ecosystem management strategies that can be applied in the coastal area of ??Samuh Beach are the development of marine ecotourism, stock enrichment, and rehabilitation of seagrass beds.
Keywords: Seagrass condition; TEV; economic valuation; Samuh beach.
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Lee, Chen-Lu, Wei-Jen Lin, Pi-Jen Liu, Kwang-Tsao Shao, and Hsing-Juh Lin. "Highly Productive Tropical Seagrass Beds Support Diverse Consumers and a Large Organic Carbon Pool in the Sediments." Diversity 13, no. 11 (October 28, 2021): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13110544.
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Tropical seagrass beds are productive coastal ecosystems that are important blue carbon sinks and crucial habitats and feeding grounds for consumers at high trophic levels. To understand how energy sustains the ecosystem from seagrass production, we constructed an Ecopath trophic model to reveal the possible pathways of energy flow in the tropical seagrass beds around Dongsha Island, South China Sea. The model indicates that Dongsha seagrass beds were developing but well-structured ecosystems. The productive seagrasses were rarely directly consumed by herbivores and, ultimately, flowed into detrital pools. Detritus was the main food source used to support diverse consumers in the food web. Nevertheless, the low cycling rate (2.74%) suggests that most detritus was not reused or exported and was stored as a large organic carbon pool in the sediments. The detritus-feeding invertebrates are keystone groups in the Dongsha seagrass beds, as they recycle energy from detritus and transfer to top predators such as sharks. The predation of top predators affected the biomasses of other compartments, leading to strong top-down control via a trophic cascade effect.
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ERNAWATI, Ni Made, and Made Ayu Pratiwi. "STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS EKOSISEM PADANG LAMUN PADA DAERAH INTERTIDAL DI PANTAI SANUR, BALI." ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) 12, no. 1 (May 31, 2018): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ejes.2018.v12.i01.p07.
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Coastal ecosystem is a productive ecosystem and has high ecological and economic value. Coastal ecosystem components, consist of coral reefs, seagrass beds, mangroves and various types of biota. The seagrass ecosystem is one of the most unique coastal ecosystems because the seagrass can live well in high salinity conditions. Seagrass ecosystem in Bali Island has many adventages and widely used for marine tourism activities. One of the marine tourism sites, that take advantage of the beauty of the seagrass ecosystem in Bali is Sanur beach. The utilization of seagrass ecosystem for marine tourism activities might be influence the structure of seagrass community. Therefore, the study about Community Structure of Seagrass Ecosystem at Intertidal Area in Sanur Beach is very important to carried out in order to investigate the structure of the seagrass ecosystem community. Samples were taken in the intertidal zone at six observation stations. At each station, it was conducted three times perpendicular repetition to the shoreline. Seagrass observation was done by using quadratic transect (50 × 50 cm). The types of seagrass found in Sanur Beach were 6 species, namely Cymodocea serrulata, Cymodocea rotundata, Halophila ovalis, Halodule uninervis, Halodule pinifolia, and Syringodium isoetifolium. Cymodocea serrulata is a seagrass-type found in every observation station, and it able to live well in Sanur Beach water characteristics. The highest average of seagrass species density is shown by the Cymodocea serrulata species of 175.11 stands/m2, while, the highest average of seagrass species density is shown by the Halodule pinifolia species of 27.33 stands/m2. The average of diversity, uniformity and dominance index at Sanur Beach reach 0.8682; 0.7347; and 0.4987, respectively. In Sanur Beach area, the seagrass has high uniformity value and stable community. The instability community has been found at station 2 when the dominance of Cymodocea serrulata species was occurred.
Keywords: Community structure; Sanur Beach; seagrasse cosystem
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Bongga, Marthen, Calvyn F. A. Sondak, Deisle RH Kumampung, Kakaskasen A. Roeroe, Sandra Olivia Tilaar, and Joudy Sangari. "KAJIAN KONDISI KESEHATAN PADANG LAMUN DI PERAIRAN MOKUPA KECAMATAN TOMBARIRI KABUPATEN MINAHASA." JURNAL PESISIR DAN LAUT TROPIS 9, no. 3 (October 4, 2021): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jplt.9.3.2021.36519.
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Seagrass ecosystems services in the coastal waters are included as primary producers, nutrient recycler, bottom stabilizers, sediment traps, and erosion barriers. Gleaning fisheries in seagrass bed in Mokupa waters could cause damage on seagrass, that can be marked by changes in seagrass cover. The purposes of this study were to identify the types of seagrasses and to determine the health condition of seagrass bed ecosystem in Mokupa waters. The research method used in this study is quadrat transect method. Data collection was carried out by laid three transects (100 m) with distance between each transect was 50 m. A square frame (50×50 cm2) which is divided into 4 squares is placed on the right side of the transect, with 10 m distance between frame. This study found four types of seagrasses, namely Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Halodule pinifolia and Halophila ovalis. E. acoroides have the highest percentage cover (16.19%) followed byT. hemprichii (6.91%), H. pinifolia (4.50%) and H. ovalis (1.56%) respectively. Seagrass cover in the study area is considered medium (26-50%) while the health condition was poor (29.25%).
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Rosalina, Dwi, Endang Yuli Herawati, Yenny Risjani, and Muhammad Musa. "KEANEKARAGAMAN SPESIES LAMUN DI KABUPATEN BANGKA SELATAN PROVINSI KEPULAUAN BANGKA BELITUNG." EnviroScienteae 14, no. 1 (April 28, 2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/es.v14i1.4889.
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Marine area which is planted by seagrass called as seagrass beds. Seagrass is one of the typical ecosystems in marine waters. Bangka Belitung Province is one of the areas in Indonesia that has seagrass ecosystem. This study aims to determine the diversity, density, and coverage area of seagrass beds in the waters of South Bangka Regency. The research was conducted in Tukak, Tanjung Kerasak, and Tanjung Kemirai. The data is collected using quadratic transect method and also data of physics-chemical parameters such as temperature, salinity, pH, depth, velocity and water substrate. The results of the research showed that 7 species of seagrasses in South Bangka Regency are Cymodocea serrulata, Cymodocea rotundata, Halodule uninervis, Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Syringodium isoetifolium and Halophila minor. Seagrass in Lempeng waters which has the highest density is Cymodocea serrulata, about 58 ind/m2. The highest frequency of seagrass species in Tukak is Thalassia hemprichii about 1%. Seagrass species of Cymodocea serrulata has the highest cover percentage in Lempeng waters about 29.56%.
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Akbar, N., I. Marus, R. Ridwan, A. Baksir, R. E. Paembonan, Y. Ramili, I. Tahir, et al. "Feeding ground indications are based on species, seagrass density and existence of Dugong dugon in Hiri Island Sea, North Maluku, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 890, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/890/1/012058.
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Abstract Seagrass ecosystems are located between mangrove ecosystems and coral reefs. Seagrass ecosystems are habitats and foraging area for many marine organisms. Eco-biological cycles in seagrass ecosystems are important for maintaining populations of many organisms. Seagrass at Hiri Island is distributed horizontally along the coast. This island is also a location where Dugong dugon is found North Maluku. Dugong dugon is a vurneable species that has been included in the IUCN and Appendix I Cites. This study aimed to identify species, density of seagrass and existence of Dugong dugong. The survey method used quadratic transect method to collect seagrass data. The Results found 6 species of seagrass at Hiri Island. Five species of those seagrass (Cymodocea serrulata, Cymodecea rotundata, Halodule uninervis, Halodule pinifolia, Halophila spinulosa) are known as food of Dugong dugon. The highest species density was shown by Halodule uninervis. The presence of Dugong dugon and its feeding trail was found during field survey. Information on seagrass species and Dugong dugon sightings location can be used for endangered species conservation policies. Management and conservation efforts need to be done to maintain seagrass ecosystem and Dugong dugon potential habitat at Hiri Island.
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Oktawati, Nurul Ovia, Erwan Sulistianto, Wahyu Fahrizal, and Freddy Maryanto. "NILAI EKONOMI EKOSISTEM LAMUN DI KOTA BONTANG." EnviroScienteae 14, no. 3 (December 31, 2018): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/es.v14i3.5695.
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Seagrass is one of the important ecosystems in shallow coastal and marine waters, because it has many roles, both ecologically and economically. Bontang City is one area that has a vast seagrass ecosystem. Management of seagrass ecosystems in Bontang City, of course, wants the existence of sustainable economic development, but on the other hand, sometimes increasing economic needs based on natural resources (resource base), often create a dilemma for the sustainability of natural resources. This happens because the consumption needs of the community are often not supported by good planning and management in utilizing natural resources so that the deterioration of environmental quality is often seen as a cost that must be paid in a process of economic development. The purposes of this study are 1). Identifying forms of utilization from seagrass ecosystems, 2) knowing the economic value of seagrass ecosystems. The sampling method used was purposive sampling. The results of the study revealed that fishing activities with splint catches and nets were a form of seagrass ecosystem utilization activities. Based on the results of data analysis, it is known that the total economic value of 4 (four) utilization of seagrass ecosystems in Bontang City is Rp. 7,081,050,816,042 per year. The utilization value with the largest proportion comes from the value of indirect benefits which is equal to 95.66%, and the lowest proportion is the option value.
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Nugraha, Aditya Hikmat, Dietriech G. Bengen, and Mujizat Kawaroe. "Physiological Response of Thallasia hemprichii on Antrophogenic Pressure In Pari Island, Seribu Islands, DKI Jakarta." ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences 22, no. 1 (March 2, 2017): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.22.1.40-48.
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Seagrass ecosystem is one of tropical marine ecosystem and have important function. The function of ecosystem like a feeding and nursery ground for marine biota. Antrophogenic pressure is one of threat for seagrass ecosystem sustainability. This research study about effect antropogenic pressure for seagrass Thallasia hemprichii physiology response in some different location at Great Barrier Pari Island. The physiology response study cover growth, heavy metal bioaccumulation and histology analysis. The result shows that growth of leaf and rhizome Thalassia hemprichii have positif correlation with nutrient consentration in environment. The highest growth of leaf Thalassia hemprichii at 2nd station (4.16 mm.day-1) and the highest growth of rhizome Thalassia hemprichii at 4th station (1.3 mm.day-1). Seagrass can accumulation heavy metal from environment. The highest heavy metal accumulation is Pb. Not correlation between heavy metal consentration in seagrass with heavy metal concentration from environment. Analysis histology result that not damage seagrass tissue in all research station. Keyword : Bioacumulation,Growth,Physiology,Seagrass, Thalassia hemprichiiSeagrass ecosystems is one of the tropical marine ecosystems that have important functions, among others as a feeding and nursery ground for marine life. Anthropogenic stress is one of the threats that may inhibit the survival of seagrass ecosystems. This study examines the effects of anthropogenic pressures on physiological responses of seagrass Thalassia hemprichii at several different locations in Pari Islands. Physiological responses studied were leaves and rhizome growth, bioaccumulation of heavy metals and histological tissue analysis on seagrass. The results showed that the growth response of seagrass has a positive correlation with the nutrients in the environment. Seagrass leaf growth is highest at Station 2 (4.16 mm.day-1) and rhizome growth is highest at Station 4 (1.3 mm.day-1). Seagrass accumulate heavy metals from the environment and accumulation of heavy metals is highest on Pb. There is no correlation between the concentration of heavy metals in the seagrass and environment. The results of histological analysis showed that there was no damage to the tissue of seagrass leaf and rhizome. Keywords : Bio-acumulation, Growth, Physiology, Seagrass, Thalassia hemprichii
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Tuaputty, Hasan, Tri Santy Kurnia, and Syahran Wael. "Association patterns of seagrass with gastropods types in the intertidal zone of coastal waters, Suli village, Salahutu district, Ambon island." BIOEDUPAT: Pattimura Journal of Biology and Learning 1, no. 2 (October 18, 2021): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/bioedupat.v1.i2.pp50-56.
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Seagrass beds play an important role in coastal aquatic ecosystems and are one of the tidal areas that are widely used by the community as a forum for the interests of educational institutions in research activities, conservation of various marine biota. Ecologically, the seagrass ecosystem acts as a shelter and a place to eat various marine biota, including gastropods. The purpose of this research is not only to explore the diversity of gastropods, but also to examine the interactions of gastropod species, both between the same species and between different species in a community of seagrass ecosystems. The diversity index calculation shows the diversity index value H = 3.982 > 3, this means that the diversity of gastropod species is quite good. The results of the basic analysis obtained the calculated X2 value of 0.656, > X2 table with a significant level of 0.05%. There is an association relationship between seagrass ecosystems and the types of gastropods that live in seagrass ecosystems in coastal waters of Suli Village, Ambon.
Keywords: Gastropods, Seagrass meadows, Association
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Mishra, AK, and D. Apte. "Ecological connectivity with mangroves influences tropical seagrass population longevity and meadow traits within an island ecosystem." Marine Ecology Progress Series 644 (June 25, 2020): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13349.
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Seagrass meadows around the Andaman Sea are globally significant, but declining rapidly. Assessment of the existing seagrass population dynamics is essential to facilitate effective conservation measures. We studied population dynamics of the seagrass Thalassia hemprichii at 3 locations in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Andaman Sea. At each location, 2 sites were assessed, one with mangroves (MG) and another without mangroves (WMG). Quadrat and corer sampling techniques were used to collect seagrass and sediment samples. Reconstruction techniques were used to derive population dynamics of T. hemprichii. Sand fractions dominated (>90%) the T. hemprichii meadows, with silt comprising a higher percentage only at the MG sites. The density, biomass, productivity and horizontal meadow migration of T. hemprichii were higher at the MG sites. The number of leaves shoot-1, vertical rhizome (VR), VR internode length, number of VRs shoot-1 and vertical growth were higher at the WMG sites. T. hemprichii required less time to produce a single leaf at the MG sites than at the WMG sites. Plants associated with mangroves had 4 to 5 yr of longevity, with higher numbers of younger plants. Population growth rates were positive at all sites except at the WMG site of Burmanallah. Our results provide evidence that mangrove ecosystems have a positive impact on seagrass meadow traits and population dynamics. Therefore, it is crucial to focus on the ecological connectivity between seagrasses and associated coastal ecosystems, as it is pivotal to increase our understanding of the important link between coastal ecosystems and ecosystem functioning.
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Sjafrie, Nurul Dhewani Mirah. "Identification of Socio-Ecological System of Seagrass Ecosystem in Bintan Regency." Oseanologi dan Limnologi di Indonesia 3, no. 2 (August 29, 2018): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/oldi.2018.v3i2.180.
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Seagrass ecosystem is a productive ecosystem, inhabited by various economic and noneconomic value of biotas. Seagrass ecosystem on the east coast of Bintan Regency has been utilized since the 1970s. So far the relationship between the resources and the utilization of seagrass ecosystem in Bintan Regency has not been identified in detail. Both interactions will be influenced by other factors and will form a socio-ecological system (SES). The socio-ecological system is the interaction between the ecological unit and the social system that can be used in management. This study aims to: 1) identify the SES component and 2) the use of seagrass ecosystems in Bintan Regency. The research site is located in Teluk Bakau Village, Malang Rapat, Berakit and Pengudang. The questionnaires from 64 respondents which collected in September-December 2014 were used as a basic data for conducting focus group discussions (FGD). The SES components were analyzed descriptively, while to know the utilization of seagrass ecosystem, the result of FGD were weighted. The results showed that SES seagrass ecosystems formed a relation between natural resources, resource users, public infrastructure providers as well as public infrastructure. Seagrass ecosystem resources are fish, crab, cuttlefish and mollusck. The beneficiaries are traditional fishermen, fishermen, crackers makers, village collectors, district collectors, fisherman’s wife and domestic tourists. The four villages have a similar patterns of SES interaction. The interaction is shown by the role of seagrass ecosystem as a source of income, catch, catch handling and marketing.
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Tebay, Selvi, Paulus Boli, and Joiner F. Ainusi. "Seagrass Potential In Aisandami Village Wondama Bay and It’s Management Strategy." JURNAL SUMBERDAYA AKUATIK INDOPASIFIK 4, no. 2 (November 4, 2020): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.46252/jsai-fpik-unipa.2020.vol.4.no.2.80.
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Seagrass ecosystem have primary and secondary productivity with great support to the abundance and diversity of fishes and it’s biota associations. Seagrass ecosystems are also as a coastal resources that have an important role of environmental services. Some community activities will directly or indirectly can have an impact on habitat degradation and biodiversity of seagrass ecosystems. The importance oto assess the potential of seagrass ecosystem and it’s biotas association is to know of sea grass’s role to provides of environmental services is the aim of this study. This research was conducted in the waters of Kampung Aisandami, Teluk Wondama Regency during June - July 2019. Data collection methodology was used is structured random methods quadrant transects at two observations to reveal data on seagrass community structure. The datas obtained were tabulated and displayed in tables and figures. Thalassia hemprichii and Enhalus acoroides were found at two observation sites. Another type found outside the observation transect is Halophila ovalis. E. acoroides seagrass species have a frequency value is 0.77 which shows that distribution of E. acoroides is wider than T. hemprichii which has a frequency is 0. 58. Both of station show that T. hemprichii has a frequency value of 0.7 where it indicates that distribution is wider compare with E. Acoroides. T hemprichii has the highest relative density at both observation stations. The status of seagrass of both stations is classified as poor or unhealthy with seagrass value ≥ 30-59.9%. The highest importance index is the T. hemprichii seagrass at both stations and has a higher role than the E. acoroides. The community-based management model is the a suitable model that can be used to developing coastal ecosystem management including seagrass ecosystems in this village.
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Kaewsrikhaw, Ratchanee, Tipamat Upanoi, and Anchana Prathep. "Ecosystem Services and Vulnerability Assessments of Seagrass Ecosystems: Basic Tools for Prioritizing Conservation Management Actions Using an Example from Thailand." Water 14, no. 22 (November 12, 2022): 3650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14223650.
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Seagrass habitats are among the most valuable coastal ecosystems. They provide a wide array of ecosystem services (ES) that support the livelihoods of many people. However, seagrass habitats worldwide are at risk of being lost due to the alteration of coastal areas by many causes. Seagrass meadows around Thailand were assessed to evaluate their ecosystem services and vulnerability (VU) status. The ES and VU analyses could be used as basic tools to assess the status of individual seagrass meadows and to prioritize the action needed among several meadows. From 82 seagrass sites, the ES of seagrass habitats tended to be varied based on the areas of the seagrass beds. The vulnerability of the seagrass habitats was mainly influenced by the threat of boating accidents and the incidence of sedimentation. The final combined analysis suggested that a seagrass site at Ban Don (BD), in Surat Thani Province, should be the priority for intervention due to the importance of the ES provided at the site and the existence of a degree of threat from poor land-use management. This work allows us to understand more about the targeted management of seagrass ecosystems, which is very important for conservation and restoration because of its significant potential carbon offset.
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Turissa, Pragunanti, Nababan Bisman, Siregar Vincentius, Kushardono Dony, and Madduppa Hawis. "Evaluation Methods of Change Detection of Seagrass Beds in the Waters of Pajenekang and Gusung Selayar." Trends in Sciences 18, no. 23 (November 15, 2021): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2021.677.
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Knowledge about coastal and small island ecosystems is increasing for the monitoring of marine resources based on remote sensing. Remote sensing data provides up-to-date information with various resolutions when detecting changes in ecosystems. Studies have defined a shift in marine resources but were limited only to pixel or object classification in changes of seagrass area. In the present study, two classification method analysis approaches were compared to obtain optimum results in detecting changes in seagrass extent. It aimed to determine the dynamics of a seagrass ecosystem by comparing two classification methods in the waters of Gusung Island and Pajenekang, South Sulawesi, these methods being pixel-based and object-based classification methods. This research used SPOT-7 satellite imagery with 6 m2 of spatial resolution. Accuracy assessment using the confusion matrix showed optimum accuracy in object-based classification with an accuracy value of 87 %. Meanwhile, pixel-based classification showed an accuracy value of 78 % around Gusung Island. Pajenekang Island had accuracy values of 69 % with object-based classification and 65 % with pixel-based classification. A comparison of both classification methods revealed statistically high accuracy in mapping the benthic habitats of seagrass ecosystems. The results of the classifications showed a decline in the area of seagrass populations around Gusung Island from 2016 - 2018 and around Pajenekang Island from 2013 - 2017, with a change rate of 11.8 % around the island of Gusung and 7.6 % around the island of Pajenekang. This can explain the reason for the temporal method of object-based research classification having the best potential to process data changes in areas of seagrass in South Sulawesi waters and remote sensing information for the mapping of coastal area ecosystems.
HIGHLIGHTS
Information on coastal ecosystems globally with remote sensing data is currently very easy to access, but information related to ecosystem management and seagrass ecology in certain areas is still limited
Analysis of seagrass benthic changes in shallow water requires data processing methods with high accuracy
The OBIA (Object Based Image Analysis) method is one of the analytical methods that can provide optimal results in observing changes in seagrass ecosystems in the waters of South Sulawesi, Indonesia
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Pramudianto, Andreas, Putut Suharso, and Nurul Hidayati. "Marine Animals Protected by the IUCN Red Data List and CITES 1973 on Seagrass Ecosystems." E3S Web of Conferences 68 (2018): 04011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186804011.
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Seagrass beds are important for providing ecological functions and ecosystem services, including its role as habitat for marine animals. In spite of their significance, they remain in decline. The change of seagrass beds will affect the associated animals. Some animals that live on seagrass beds protected by IUCN Red Data List and CITES 1973. Yet the data have not been properly recorded. The aim of this study was to find out the existence of marine animals protected by the Red Data List and CITES 1973 IUCN, especially in seagrass ecosystems in Indonesia. The method used in this research is mix method with desk study approach and presentation of data analyzed through review. The results of the study show that changes in seagrass ecosystems will affect the presence of migratory marine animals and those who live and settle in this ecosystem. The provisions in the IUCN Red Data List and CITES 1973 supported by national legislation in Indonesia will have significant impact on the protection of marine animals in seagrass beds.
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Arifin, Adani Fatahilal, Irvina Nurrachmi, and Efriyeldi Efriyeldi. "TOXICITY TO Artemia salina AND PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF Thalassia Hemprichii SEAGRASS ON NIRWANA BEACH PADANG CITY WEST SUMATERA PROVINCE." Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan 25, no. 3 (November 23, 2020): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jpk.25.3.163-171.
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Many of marine ecotourism activities on Nirwana Beach has had a negative impact to the development of seagrass ecosystems. Pressure that occurs on the coastal ecosystem becomes a trigger factor seagrasses to adapt with produce certain compounds for maintain immunity, the name is bioactive compounds. This research was aimed to know toxicity to Artemia salina and phytochemical component of Thalassia hemprichii seagrass from Nirwana Beach by using experimental method. Two seagrass extracts with different solvents have been made in the Marine Chemistry Laboratories for use in toxicity and phytochemical tests. The results of the test are displayed in tabular or graphical form and analyzed descriptively. The results of toxicity testing showed that seagrass had a toxicity level of 446.872 ppm (n-hexane solvent) and 218.183 ppm (methanol solvents), both of extract are toxic to the Artemia salina. Phytochemical testing shows tannin compounds founded in extracts with n-hexane and methanol solvent, alkaloids and triterpenoids compound contained in extracts with methanol solvent.
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van Wyk, Johanna W., Janine B. Adams, and Sophie von der Heyden. "Conservation implications of herbicides on seagrasses: sublethal glyphosate exposure decreases fitness in the endangered Zostera capensis." PeerJ 10 (November 15, 2022): e14295. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14295.
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Worldwide seagrass populations are in decline, calling for urgent measures in their conservation. Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide globally, leading to increasing concern about its ecological impact, yet little is known about the prevalence or impact of glyphosate on seagrasses. In this study, we investigated the effect of sublethal glyphosate exposure on the endangered seagrass, Zostera capensis, to identify effects on growth, photosynthetic pigments and leaf morphology as measures of seagrass fitness. Seagrasses were exposed to a single dose of a commercial glyphosate formulation—ranging between 250 to 2,200 µg/L. After three weeks, the median leaf area decreased by up to 27%, with reductions of up to 31% in above ground biomass (p < 0.05). Photosynthetic pigment concentration showed no significant difference between groups. The observed effects on biomass and leaf area were seen at glyphosate levels below the regulatory limits set for surface water by several countries and may negatively affect the long-term resilience of this ecosystem engineer to additional stressors, such as those associated with climate change and anthropogenic pollution. As such, glyphosates and other herbicides that are washed into estuarine and marine ecosystems, pose a significant threat to the persistence of seagrasses and are important factors to consider in seagrass conservation, management and restoration efforts.
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Sugianti, Yayuk, Barti Setiani Muntalif, and Priana Sudjono. "Periphyton Response Analysis to the Pollution in Seagrass Ecosystem Panjang Island, Banten." ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences 23, no. 3 (September 6, 2018): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.23.3.113-118.
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Increases in coastal pollutants, largely due to human activity on land, have an impact on seagrass ecosystems. The high sedimentation in the waters causes an increase in the concentration of sludge, organic matter, nutrients, and turbidity which reduce the depth that can be reached by sunlight. The condition affects seagrass ecosystems adversely. Changes in water condition can be illustrated by the presence of water organisms. One dominant organism in seagrass ecosystems is periphyton. The existence of periphyton in the waters is determined by physical and chemical conditions of the waters because it has specific limit of tolerance, which causes different community structure. To analyze periphyton response to the changes of environmental quality in seagrass ecosystems, Shannon Winner diversity and Saprobic Indices were measured at Panjang Island, Banten. The results of water quality assessment indicates the status of aquatic seagrass of the island considered as polluted to heavy polluted. It is observed from some physico-chemical parameters that exceeded the standard quality for the life of seagrass ecosystems and marine life. Based on the classification and saprobic coefficient using periphyton biological parameters, the condition of seagrass land ecosystem in the island is classified into β Mesosaprobic to β/α Mesosaprobic phase, which indicates light to medium pollution with pollutants including organic and inorganic materials. Several types of dominant periphyton were discovered during the observations, including Meridion sp, Navicula sp, Nitzschia sp and Synedra sp. This periphyton species belong to Bacillariophyceae class (Family Chrysophyta) that is commonly used to assess the condition of eutrophication and organic pollution on waters.
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Zulfadillah, Dimas, Diana Hernawati, and Diki Muhamad Chaidir. "Community Structure of Seagrass Field in Litoral Zone of Leweung Sancang Garut Nature Reserve." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 21, no. 2 (July 12, 2021): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v21i2.2725.
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Seagrass meadows or seagrass beds are one of the important components in coastal ecosystems. Seagrasses provide ecosystem services for various biota that live in it as well as components of the surrounding coastal ecosystems. The Sancang Nature Reserve is one of the coastal areas that has seagrass communities, and seagrass observation data is needed for reference to conservation strategies. This study aims to determine the condition of the cover and the structure of the seagrass community that fills the littoral zone of the Sancang Nature Reserve using the quadratic transect method, which was conducted from March 17 – 21, 2021. The data collected were seagrass species, species frequency, species cover and total cover, and the importance value index of species. Observations were made at 3 stations with an area of 100 m2 each along Ciporeang Beach, at each station 30 square transects with a size of 50 cm were placed, with 1 square transect divided into 25 grids measuring 10 cm. As well as the observation of environmental physical and chemical indicators. The results showed that the seagrass community in the research sites were overgrown by species Cymodocea rotundata and Thalassia hempricii which had a cover condition in the rich category with a percentage of 61.09%. Species densities were 117 i/m and 679 i/m, species closures were 36.95% and 25.63%, and the importance value index of species were 1.49 and 0.54. The difference was significantly influenced by physical indicators such as substrate structure and current velocity, while the chemical indicators at each station did not show a significant difference. Nutrient content data in the substrate at each station is needed to get more detailed conclusions about the factors that affect seagrass cover on the Sancang coast.
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Judson Kenworthy, W. "The role of sexual reproduction in maintaining populations of Halophila decipiens: implications for the biodiversity and conservation of tropical seagrass ecosystems." Pacific Conservation Biology 5, no. 4 (1999): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc000260.
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In subtropical and tropical communities, seagrass species commonly range over an order of magnitude in size and biomass. This biodiversity corresponds with differences in the relative importance of sexual (seed production) and asexual (clonal growth) life history strategies in the maintenance of seagrass populations. Clonal growth and vegetative reproduction are important in maintaining populations of larger-bodied species. As size of species and degree of clonality decrease, the importance of sexual reproduction increases. World-wide, the smallest species in tropical seagrass ecosystems are represented by the most taxonomically diverse, sexually fecund genus, Halophila. A four-year study of the submarine light regime and seasonal growth cycles of Halophila decipiens and other seagrasses in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, USA provides a comparative context in which to illustrate the relative importance of different life history strategies in tropical seagrass ecosystems world-wide. While sexual reproduction is critical for maintaining some geographically extensive small-bodied seagrass systems in disturbed and extreme environments, there is also evidence to suggest that the quantitative importance of sexual reproduction may be underestimated for larger, highly clonal species like Thalassia testudinum. Future efforts to conserve tropical seagrass ecosystems necessitates a more comprehensive understanding of the evolutionary consequences of sexual reproduction and a more quantitative evaluation of the population dynamics resulting from the sexual life history strategies of different species.
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Unsworth, Richard K. F., and Emma G. Butterworth. "Seagrass Meadows Provide a Significant Resource in Support of Avifauna." Diversity 13, no. 8 (August 6, 2021): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13080363.
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Seagrass meadows are known to be rich in fauna, with complex food webs that provide trophic subsidy to species and habitats way beyond the extent of their distribution. Birds are an often-overlooked part of marine ecosystems; not only are they crucial to the health of marine ecosystems, but their populations are also supported by the productivity and biodiversity of marine ecosystems. The links of birds to specific habitat types such as seagrass meadows are largely not considered except in the context of direct herbivorous consumption. Here, we examine the linkages between seagrass and birds and propose a conceptual framework for how seagrasses may support bird populations beyond their distribution in both direct and indirect pathways. We present evidence that seagrass meadows are globally foraged for fish and invertebrates by coastal birds. They are also targeted by herbivorous wildfowl and potentially benefit birds further afield indirectly as a result of their support for offshore marine fish species at critical times in their life cycle (e.g., Atlantic Cod and King George Whiting). Evidence from the literature indicates that seagrass does provide support for birds, but reveals a field of research requiring much gap filling as studies are globally sparse, mechanistically limited, and small in spatial and temporal scales.
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Ismet, Meutia Samira, Dietriech G. Bengen, Ocky Karna Radjasa, and Mujizat Kawaroe. "COMPOSITION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF MARINE SPONGES FROM DIFFERENT SEAGRASS ECOSYSTEMS IN KEPULAUAN SERIBU WATERS, JAKARTA." Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis 8, no. 2 (April 6, 2017): 729–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jitkt.v8i2.15838.
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A seagrass ecosystem has high productivity that supports many species of associated invertebrates, including sponges. However, seagrass beds with different habitat condition, including seagrass species composition and architectural morphotypes could affect the associative sponge in the ecosystem. This study is aimed to find out about sponge species composition in different seagrass beds. The observation was conducted in two seagrass ecosystems at the east (site 1) and at the southeast (site 2) of Pramuka Island, Kepulauan Seribu, near Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. The Belt Transect was used to assess the density of sponges on the seagrass ecosystem, which was placed parallel to the coastline. The sponges species has higher number at the east than the southeast, with both sites was dominated by Spirastrella sp. and Agelas conifera. Correspondence Analysis (CA) results showed that sponges community has close interaction with seagrass abundance especially Cymodocea rotundata and Enhalus acoroides and architectural characteristic (patchily or continues meadows). Antibacterial assay of sponges tissue showed that only 7 sponge species has activity against targeting bacteria. The CA results also showed that sponge antibacterial activity was not correlated with seagrass species, with low bactericide and bacteriastatic activities. The implication of this result showed that sponges community can grow up at seagrass ecosystem eventhough their potential secondary metabolite activities is very low probably due to lack of stimulus mechanisms in the environment.
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Ling, Juan, Weiguo Zhou, Qingsong Yang, Jianping Yin, Jian Zhang, Qiuying Peng, Xiaofang Huang, Yuhang Zhang, and Junde Dong. "Spatial and Species Variations of Bacterial Community Structure and Putative Function in Seagrass Rhizosphere Sediment." Life 11, no. 8 (August 20, 2021): 852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11080852.
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Seagrasses are an important part of the coral reef ecosystem, and their rhizosphere microbes are of great ecological importance. However, variations in diversity, composition, and potential functions of bacterial communities in the seagrass rhizosphere of coral reef ecosystems remain unclear. This study employed the high-throughput sequencing based on 16S rDNA gene sequences and functional annotation of prokaryotic taxa (FAPROTAX) analysis to investigate these variations based on seagrass species and sampling locations, respectively. Results demonstrated that the seagrass rhizosphere microbial community was mainly dominated by phylum Proteobacteria (33.47%), Bacteroidetes (23.33%), and Planctomycetes (12.47%), while functional groups were mainly composed of sulfate respiration (14.09%), respiration of sulfur compounds (14.24%), aerobic chemoheterotrophy (20.87%), and chemoheterotrophy (26.85%). Significant differences were evident in alpha diversity, taxonomical composition and putative functional groups based on seagrass species and sampling locations. Moreover, the core microbial community of all investigated samples was identified, accounting for 63.22% of all obtained sequences. Network analysis indicated that most microbes had a positive correlation (82.41%), and two module hubs (phylum Proteobacteria) were investigated. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was found between the OTUs numbers obtained and the functional groups assigned for seagrass rhizosphere microbial communities (p < 0.01). Our result would facilitate future investigation of the function of seagrass rhizosphere microbes.
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Nurdin, Muh Saleh, Fauziah Azmi, and Teuku Fadlon Haser. "Gonad maturity and gonadal somatic index of blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus harvested from Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi, Indonesia." Aceh Journal of Animal Science 6, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.13170/ajas.6.1.19187.
Full textAbstract:
Reproductive biology is one of the biological aspects that needed to formulate responsible management of blue swimming crab (BSC). The crab is one of the commercial fisheries commodities in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Presently no information on the reproductive biology of this crab from Spermonde Archipelago, Sout Sulawesi. Therefore, the study aimed to analyze and compare gonad maturity stage(GMS)andgonadalsomaticindex(GSI)oftheBSCcaughtonthreeecosystemsnamelycoralreef,seagrass,andmangrovein Salemo Island, Spermonde Archipelago. GMS and GSI were analyzed descriptively for five months from March to July 2015. Results indicate there was a difference in GMS of the BSC caught in mangroves, seagrass, and coral reef. Generally, mangrove was dominated by immature BSC with GMS I and GMS II, while the BSC caught in the seagrass and coral reef BSC were dominantly mature and spawn GMS III, IV, and V. GSI BSC caught in mangrove ecosystem are smaller than GSI BSC caught in seagrass and coral reef ecosystems. Seagrass and coral reef ecosystems suitable for development no-take zone of the BSC.
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Azzura, Muhammad Raihan Faqiha Bintang, Ita Riniatsih, and Gunawan Widi Santosa. "Kajian Kondisi Padang Lamun di Pulau Kelapa Dua Taman Nasional Kepulauan Seribu." Journal of Marine Research 11, no. 4 (September 2, 2022): 720–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v11i4.33929.
Full textAbstract:
Ekosistem lamun menjadi sumber kehidupan bagi biota laut yang berasosiasi didalamnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi ekosistem padang lamun yang terdapat di Pulau Kelapa Dua, Taman Nasional Kepulauan Seribu. Stasiun pengamatan terbagi mejadi tiga stasiun, dan metode survey yang digunakan untuk pengambilan data lamun dengan menggunakan metoda line transek kuadran. Hasil penelitian ditemukan 4 jenis lamun yang tersebar pada tiga stasiun penelitian, yaitu; Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, Halophila ovalis, dan Syiringodium isoetifolium. Presentase total penutupan lamun berkisar antara 10,23-35,61%. Kerapatan lamun berkisar antara 223,63-366,75 ind/m2 dengan komposisi dan kerapatan jenis tertinggi adalah jenisThalassia hemprichii dan terendah Cymodocea rotundata. Substrat yang ditemukan pada ketiga Stasiun adalah substrat pasir dan pecahan karang (rubble). Indeks ekologi lamun Stasiun 1 memiliki keanekaragaman lamun sedang, keseragaman sedang, dan ada yang medominasi. Stasiun 2 memiliki keanekaragaman yang rendah, keseragaman rendah, dan mendominansi. Stasiun 3 memiliki keanekaragaman sedang, kesergaman tinggi, dan tidak ada dominasi. Hasil perhitungan Indeks ekologi menunjukkan bahwa kondisi perairan padang lamun di Pulau Kelapa Dua Kepulauan, Seribu masih dalam kondisi stabil. Berdasarkan kriteria kondisi status ekosistem padang lamun Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 22 Tahun 2021 status ekosistem padang lamun di Pulau Kelapa Dua dikategorikan Miskin (<29,9%), yaitu berkisar 26,77%. Secara keseluruhan parameter hidro-oseanografi perairan pada ekosistem lamun dan kondisi ekologinya masih dapat mendukung pertumbuhan lamun. Seagrass ecosystems are a source of life for marine biota associated therein. This study aims to determine the condition of the seagrass ecosystem in Kelapa Dua Island, Taman Nasional Kepulauan Seribu. The observation station is divided into three stations, and the survey method used for seagrass data collection is using the quadrant line transect method. The results of the study found 4 types of seagrasses spread over three research stations, namely; Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, Halophila ovalis, and Syringodium isoetifolium. The percentage of total seagrass cover ranged from 10.23-35.61%. Seagrass density ranged from 223.63-366.75 ind/m2 with the highest species composition and density being Thalassia hemprichii and the lowest being Cymodocea rotundata. The substrate found at the three stations is a substrate of sand and rubble. Seagrass ecology index Station 1 has moderate seagrass diversity, moderate uniformity, and some are dominant. Station 2 has low diversity, low uniformity, and dominance. Station 3 has moderate diversity, high uniformity, and none dominates. The results of the calculation of the ecological index show that the condition of the seagrass meadows on Kelapa Dua Island in the Thousand Islands is still in a stable condition. Based on the criteria for the condition of the seagrass ecosystem status, Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 22 of 2021, the status of the seagrass ecosystem on Kelapa Dua Island is categorized as poor (<29.9%), which is around 26.77%. Overall hydro-oceanographic parameters of seagrass ecosystems and their ecological conditions can still support seagrass growth.
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Vernianda, Cindy, Ni Luh Watiniasih, Elok Faiqoh, and I. Nyoman Giri Putra. "Analisis Karbon dalam Sedimen pada Ekosistem Lamun di Teluk Gilimanuk, Bali." Journal of Marine Research and Technology 5, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jmrt.2022.v05.i02.p09.
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The increased CO2 emissions in the atmosphere have caused several environmental changes. Therefore, a larger CO2 absorption capacity is required. Seagrass can absorb carbon relatively fast and able to store it. Seagrass beds can trap sediment, so the absorption of organic carbon from the sediment by seagrass can be influenced by the size of the substrate. It has been found that the larger the substrate grain, the lower the ability of plants to absorb the organic matter. This study aimed to determine the seagrass density and cover as well as carbon storage in seagrass bed sediments. The variable measured was Sediment-Organic Carbon Content (S-OCC) and Sediment-Organic Carbon Stock (S-OCS) of seagrass ecosystems in Gilimanuk Bay. Employing purposive sampling, 20 sampling points were selected randomly where seagrass beds were present. The data were obtained using a 1×1m quadrant transect. The carbon content of the sediment was calculated by the Loss of Ignition (LOI) method by removing organic matter at a temperature of 600? in a furnace. This study found four seagrass species: Enhalus acoroides, Cymodocea rotundata, Cymodocea serrulate, and Halophila ovalis. The average density of seagrasses in this habitat ranged from 17 – 179 #/m2, with seagrass cover values ranging from 25 to 100%. The sediment carbon content, measured as carbon stock, on seagrass ecosystems at Gilimanuk Bay was 0.21% - 5.51% for S-OCC and 0.002 – 0.059 g Corg cm-3 for S-OCS. Total S-OCS in Gilimanuk Bay was 11165.84 Mg g Corg.
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Herrera-Silveira, Jorge A., Monica A. Pech-Cardenas, Sara M. Morales-Ojeda, Siuling Cinco-Castro, Andrea Camacho-Rico, Juan P. Caamal Sosa, Juan E. Mendoza-Martinez, Eunice Y. Pech-Poot, Jorge Montero, and Claudia Teutli-Hernandez. "Blue carbon of Mexico, carbon stocks and fluxes: a systematic review." PeerJ 8 (April 6, 2020): e8790. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8790.
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Mexico has more than 750,000 ha of mangroves and more than 400,000 ha of seagrasses. However, approximately 200,000 ha of mangroves and an unknown area of seagrass have been lost due to coastal development associated with urban, industrial and tourist purposes. In 2018, the approved reforms to the General Law on Climate Change (LGCC) aligned the Mexican law with the international objectives established in the 2nd Article of the Paris Agreement. This action proves Mexico’s commitment to contributing to the global target of stabilizing the greenhouse gas emissions concentration in the planet. Thus, restoring and conserving mangrove and seagrass habitats could contribute to fulfilling this commitment. Therefore, as a first step in establishing a mitigation and adaptation plan against climate change with respect to conservation and restoration actions of these ecosystems, we evaluated Mexican blue carbon ecosystems through a systematic review of the carbon stock using the standardized method of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). We used the data from 126 eligible studies for both ecosystems (n = 1220). The results indicated that information is missing at the regional level. However, the average above and below ground organic carbon stocks from mangroves in Mexico is 113.6 ± 5.5 (95% CI [99.3–118.4]) Mg Corg ha−1 and 385.1 ± 22 (95% CI [344.5–431.9]) Mg Corg ha−1, respectively. The variability in the Corg stocks for both blue carbon ecosystems in Mexico is related to variations in climate, hydrology and geomorphology observed along the country’s coasts in addition to the size and number of plots evaluated with respect to the spatial cover. The highest values for mangroves were related to humid climate conditions, although in the case of seagrasses, they were related to low levels of hydrodynamic stress. Based on the official extent of mangrove and seagrass area in Mexico, we estimate a total carbon stock of 237.7 Tg Corg from mangroves and 48.1 Tg Corg from seagrasses. However, mangroves and seagrasses are still being lost due to land use change despite Mexican laws meant to incorporate environmental compensation. Such losses are largely due to loopholes in the legal framework that dilute the laws’ effectiveness and thus ability to protect the ecosystem. The estimated emissions from land use change under a conservative approach in mangroves of Mexico were approximately 24 Tg CO2e in the last 20 years. Therefore, the incorporation of blue carbon into the carbon market as a viable source of supplemental finance for mangrove and seagrass protection is an attractive win-win opportunity.
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Yashira, F., R. E. Arhatin, and I. Jaya. "Changes of seagrass area in Beralas Pasir and Beralas Bakau Island observed from Sentinel-2 Satellite and verified by Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 944, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/944/1/012011.
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Abstract Today, the area of seagrass ecosystems in Indonesia is estimated to have shrunk significantly. Bintan Island has quite a large seagrass ecosystems area. Along with the development of satellite technology, monitoring of conditions and changes to a coastal ecosystem can be carried out effectively through remote sensing technology. One satellite image that is relatively new and has good spatial quality is Sentinel-2 with a spatial resolution value of 10×10 m2 / pixel. Field data retrieval is facilitated by the use of Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV). This research went through several stages such as image pre-processing, water column correction, masking, unsupervised classification, and detection of changes of seagrass area. The data obtained from the USV becomes the data for the accuracy-test in the supervised classification. Seagrass area was obtained in Beralas Pasir and Beralas Bakau Island is 84.27 ha (2016), 81.3 ha (2019) and 77.4 ha (2021). Detection of seagrass to non-seagrass area changes resulting 31.35 ha (2016-2019) and 30.91 ha (2019-2021). On the other hand non-seagrass to seagrass area is 24.84 ha (2016-2019) and 27.98 ha (2019-2021). The accuracy test of 2019 image classification and Unmanned Surface Vehicle data resulting overall accuracy at 62.20%.
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Fahruddin, Muh, Fredinan Yulianda, and Isdradjad Setyobudiandi. "DENSITY AND THE COVERAGE OF SEAGRASS ECOSYSTEM IN BAHOI VILLAGE COASTAL WATERS, NOTRH SULAWESI." Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis 9, no. 1 (November 2, 2017): 375–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jitkt.v9i1.17952.
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Physical seagrass ecosystem damage have been reported in various regions in Indonesia. Seagrass ecosystem damage is caused by human activity such as trampling seagrass and boats that muddy the waters and reduced the density and seagrass cover. This study aims to provide information about the density and the coverage of seagrass. The method used in this research is the transect method measuring 50x50 cm squared at three different locations by considering coastal ecosystems Bahoi village that already exist. Station 1 is near to mangrove habitat, station 2 is right on seagrass habitats, and station 3 is near to coral reef habitat. The results indicated there is six seagrass species that found in the Bahoi village which is Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, Syringodium isoetifolium, Halophila ovalis, and Halodule uninervis. The density and seagrass cover is shows that the station 1 has the highest density and seagrass cover percentage compared with the other stations. The highest density of seagrass species located in station 1 with 955 individuals/m2, and the lowest was located at station 3 with 699 individuals/m2. While the highest cover percentage is located at station 1 with 270% and the lowest located at station 3 with 229%. Keyword: seagrass ecosystem, density, coverage, Bahoi
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Supriyadi, I. H., L. O. Alifatri, A. Kusnadi, M. Hafizt, and E. Lisdayanti. "Current status of seagrass condition in coastal waters of Kendari Southeast Sulawesi Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1137, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1137/1/012015.
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Abstract Seagrass is one of the most productive ecosystems in the shallow waters and has a significant role as shelter and nurseries for marine biotas. The coastal region of Kendari has seagrass, mangrove, and coral reef ecosystems. However, this ecosystem tends to be decreasing due to coastal development activities in the coastal area. This study aims to find out the seagrass condition in Kendari from 2015 to 2021. To analyze species composition and seagrass percent coverage the transect method refers to the Guideline of seagrass monitoring was applied. The determination of seagrass conditions refers to the Decree of Indonesia’s state the Minister for the Environment no. 200 of 2004. The extant benthic habitats of seagrass were analyzed using satellite imagery data. Based on the analysis of the area of benthic habitat from the year 2015 to 2021, the data obtained in shows an increase from the year 2015 to 2017, and then decrease the year 2021.There were eight species recorded in the area such as Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rutondata, Cymodocea serrulta, Halophila ovalis, Halodule uninervis, Halodule pinifolia, and Syringodium isoetifolium. Based on its percentage cover four sites of seagrass are classified as “poor” (15%-24%) and two sites are classified as “healthy” (67%) and “less healthy” (59,3%) respectively. Overall, the condition of seagrass in the coastal waters of Kendari is “less healthy”.
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Burkholder, Derek A., Michael R. Heithaus, and James W. Fourqurean. "Feeding preferences of herbivores in a relatively pristine subtropical seagrass ecosystem." Marine and Freshwater Research 63, no. 11 (2012): 1051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf12029.
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Understanding forage choice of herbivores is important for predicting the potential impacts of changes in their abundance. Such studies, however, are rare in ecosystems with intact populations of both megagrazers (sirenians, sea turtles) and fish grazers. We used feeding assays and nutrient analyses of seagrasses to determine whether forage choice of grazers in Shark Bay, Australia, are influenced by the quality of seagrasses. We found significant interspecific variation in removal rates of seagrasses across three habitats (shallow seagrass bank interior, shallow seagrass bank edge, deep), but we did not detect variation in gazing intensity among habitats. In general, grazers were more likely to consume fast-growing species with lower carbon : nitrogen (C : N) and carbon : phosphorus (C : P) ratios, than the slower-growing species that are dominant in the bay. Grazer choices were not, however, correlated with nutrient content within the tropical seagrasses. Slow-growing temperate seagrasses that experienced lower herbivory provide greater habitat value as a refuge for fishes and may facilitate fish grazing on tropical species. Further studies are needed, however, to more fully resolve the factors influencing grazer foraging preferences and the possibility that grazers mediate indirect interactions among seagrass species.
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Boudouresque, Charles-François, Aurélie Blanfuné, Gérard Pergent, and Thierry Thibaut. "Restoration of Seagrass Meadows in the Mediterranean Sea: A Critical Review of Effectiveness and Ethical Issues." Water 13, no. 8 (April 9, 2021): 1034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13081034.
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Some species of seagrasses (e.g., Zostera marina and Posidonia oceanica) have declined in the Mediterranean, at least locally. Others are progressing, helped by sea warming, such as Cymodocea nodosa and the non-native Halophila stipulacea. The decline of one seagrass can favor another seagrass. All in all, the decline of seagrasses could be less extensive and less general than claimed by some authors. Natural recolonization (cuttings and seedlings) has been more rapid and more widespread than was thought in the 20th century; however, it is sometimes insufficient, which justifies transplanting operations. Many techniques have been proposed to restore Mediterranean seagrass meadows. However, setting aside the short-term failure or half-success of experimental operations, long-term monitoring has usually been lacking, suggesting that possible failures were considered not worthy of a scientific paper. Many transplanting operations (e.g., P. oceanica) have been carried out at sites where the species had never previously been present. Replacing the natural ecosystem (e.g., sandy bottoms, sublittoral reefs) with P. oceanica is obviously inappropriate in most cases. This presupposes ignorance of the fact that the diversity of ecosystems is one of the bases of the biodiversity concept. In order to prevent the possibility of seagrass transplanting from being misused as a pretext for further destruction, a guide for the proper conduct of transplanting is proposed.
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Van Dam, Bryce R., Christian Lopes, Christopher L. Osburn, and James W. Fourqurean. "Net heterotrophy and carbonate dissolution in two subtropical seagrass meadows." Biogeosciences 16, no. 22 (November 20, 2019): 4411–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4411-2019.
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Abstract. The net ecosystem productivity (NEP) of two seagrass meadows within one of the largest seagrass ecosystems in the world, Florida Bay, was assessed using direct measurements over consecutive diel cycles during a short study in the fall of 2018. We report significant differences between NEP determined by dissolved inorganic carbon (NEPDIC) and by dissolved oxygen (NEPDO), likely driven by differences in air–water gas exchange and contrasting responses to variations in light intensity. We also acknowledge the impact of advective exchange on metabolic calculations of NEP and net ecosystem calcification (NEC) using the “open-water” approach and attempt to quantify this effect. In this first direct determination of NEPDIC in seagrass, we found that both seagrass ecosystems were net heterotrophic, on average, despite large differences in seagrass net above-ground primary productivity. NEC was also negative, indicating that both sites were net dissolving carbonate minerals. We suggest that a combination of carbonate dissolution and respiration in sediments exceeded seagrass primary production and calcification, supporting our negative NEP and NEC measurements. However, given the limited spatial (two sites) and temporal (8 d) extent of this study, our results may not be representative of Florida Bay as a whole and may be season-specific. The results of this study highlight the need for better temporal resolution, accurate carbonate chemistry accounting, and an improved understanding of physical mixing processes in future seagrass metabolism studies.
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Copertino, Margareth S., Joel C. Creed, Marianna O. Lanari, Karine Magalhães, Kcrishna Barros, Paulo C. Lana, Laura Sordo, and Paulo A. Horta. "Seagrass and Submerged Aquatic Vegetation (VAS) Habitats off the Coast of Brazil: state of knowledge, conservation and main threats." Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 64, spe2 (2016): 53–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-875920161036064sp2.
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Abstract Seagrass meadows are among the most threatened ecosystems on earth, raising concerns about the equilibrium of coastal ecosystems and the sustainability of local fisheries. The present review evaluated the current status of the research on seagrasses and submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) habitats off the coast of Brazil in terms of plant responses to environmental conditions, changes in distribution and abundance, and the possible role of climate change and variability. Despite an increase in the number of studies, the communication of the results is still relatively limited and is mainly addressed to a national or regional public; thus, South American seagrasses are rarely included or cited in global reviews and models. The scarcity of large-scale and long-term studies allowing the detection of changes in the structure, abundance and composition of seagrass habitats and associated species still hinders the investigation of such communities with respect to the potential effects of climate change. Seagrass meadows and SAV occur all along the Brazilian coast, with species distribution and abundance being strongly influenced by regional oceanography, coastal water masses, river runoff and coastal geomorphology. Based on these geomorphological, hydrological and ecological features, we characterised the distribution of seagrass habitats and abundances within the major coastal compartments. The current conservation status of Brazilian seagrasses and SAV is critical. The unsustainable exploitation and occupation of coastal areas and the multifold anthropogenic footprints left during the last 100 years led to the loss and degradation of shoreline habitats potentially suitable for seagrass occupation. Knowledge of the prevailing patterns and processes governing seagrass structure and functioning along the Brazilian coast is necessary for the global discussion on climate change. Our review is a first and much-needed step toward a more integrated and inclusive approach to understanding the diversity of coastal plant formations along the Southwestern Atlantic coast as well as a regional alert the projected or predicted effects of global changes on the goods and services provided by regional seagrasses and SAV.
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Nugraha, Aditya Hikmat, Ilham Antariksa Tasabaramo, Udhi E. Hernawan, Susi Rahmawati, Risandi Dwirama Putra, and Fadhliyah Idris. "Estimasi Stok Karbon Padaekosistem Lamun Di Perairan Utara Papua (Studi Kasus : Pulau Liki, Pulau Befondi Dan Pulau Meossu)." Jurnal Kelautan Tropis 23, no. 3 (November 14, 2020): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jkt.v23i3.7939.
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One of the ecological functions of the seagrass ecosystem is the ability to absorb carbon coming from the atmosphere. The ability of seagrass to absorb carbon is carried out through photosynthesis. The absorbed carbon will then be stored in the form of seagrass biomass in the seagrass body. This study aims to estimate the carbon stock content stored in seagrass ecosystems in the Northern waters of Papua including on Liki Island, Befondi Island, and Meossu Island. The calculation of carbon stock is done by converting seagrass biomass using constants derived from representative values of seagrass carbon content in Indonesian waters. In general, based on the results obtained indicate that the biomass at the bellow ground of the seagrass is greater than the biomass at above ground the seagrass. The value of organic carbon content in seagrasses is influenced by seagrass biomass. The carbon stock content in the seagrass ecosystem in the study area is in the range of 18,04 – 419,46 g C / m2. Stations on Liki Island have generally higher carbon stocks compared to stations on other islands.Salah satu fungsi ekologi dari ekosistem lamun yaitu memiliki kemampuan dalam menyerap karbon yang berasal dari atmosfer. Kemampuan lamun dalam menyerap karbon dilakukan melalui proses fotosintesis. Karbon yang terserap selanjutnya akan disimpan dalam bentuk biomassa lamun pada tubuh lamun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi kandungan stok karbon yang tersimpan pada ekosistem lamun di Perairan Utara Papua tepatnya di Pulau Liki, Pulau Befondi dan Pulau Meossu. Perhitungan stok karbon dilakukan dengan melakukan konversi biomassa lamun menggunakan konstanta yang berasal dari nilai representatif konsentrasi kandungan karbon pada lamun yang berada di Perairan Indonesia. Secara umum berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa biomassa pada bagian bawah lamun lebih besar dibandingkan dengan biomassa pada bagian atas lamun. Nilai kandungan karbon organik pada lamun dipengaruhi oleh biomassa lamun. Kandungan stok karbon pada ekosistem lamun di wilayah penelitian berada pada kisaran 18,04 – 419,46 gC/m2. Stasiun yang berada di Pulau Liki memiliki stok karbon yang umumnya lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan stasiun yang berada di pulau lainnya.
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Hamad, Idrissa Yussuf, Peter Anton Upadhyay Staehr, Michael Bo Rasmussen, and Mohammed Sheikh. "Drone-Based Characterization of Seagrass Habitats in the Tropical Waters of Zanzibar." Remote Sensing 14, no. 3 (January 31, 2022): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14030680.
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Unmanned automatic systems (UAS) are increasingly being applied as an alternative to more costly time-consuming traditional methods for mapping and monitoring marine shallow-water ecosystems. Here, we demonstrate the utility of combining aerial drones with in situ imagery to characterize the habitat conditions of nine shallow-water seagrass-dominated areas on Unguja Island, Zanzibar. We applied object-based image analysis and a maximum likelihood algorithm on the drone images to derive habitat cover maps and important seagrass habitat parameters: the habitat composition; the seagrass species; the horizontal- and depth-percent covers, and the seascape fragmentation. We mapped nine sites covering 724 ha, categorized into seagrasses (55%), bare sediment (31%), corals (9%), and macroalgae (5%). An average of six seagrass species were found, and 20% of the nine sites were categorized as “dense cover” (40–70%). We achieved high map accuracy for the habitat types (87%), seagrass (80%), and seagrass species (76%). In all nine sites, we observed clear decreases in the seagrass covers with depths ranging from 30% at 1–2 m, to 1.6% at a 4–5 m depth. The depth dependency varied significantly among the seagrass species. Areas associated with low seagrass cover also had a more fragmented distribution pattern, with scattered seagrass populations. The seagrass cover was correlated negatively (r2 = 0.9, p < 0.01) with sea urchins. A multivariate analysis of the similarity (ANOSIM) of the biotic features, derived from the drone and in situ data, suggested that the nine sites could be organized into three significantly different coastal habitat types. This study demonstrates the high robustness of drones for characterizing complex seagrass habitat conditions in tropical waters. We recommend adopting drones, combined with in situ photos, for establishing a suite of important data relevant for marine ecosystem monitoring in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO).
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Nasution, Muhammad Arif. "PEMETAAN EKOSISTEM PADANG LAMUN BERESOLUSI TINGGI DENGAN METODE CLOSE RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY." JURNAL PERIKANAN TROPIS 6, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.35308/jpt.v6i2.2182.
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Several remote sensing methods using satellite imagery and acoustic instruments have often been used in mapping aquatic ecosystems but expensive and need hight expertise. This method used in this study is quite new in mapping aquatic ecosystems, but has often been done in mapping terrestrial areas. This method produces clear high-resolution digital data using optical devices with high efficiency. This research was carried out in Pulau Matahari, Kepualauan Banyak, Aceh Singkil for 3 (three) months in the field and 2 (two) months of data processing. This research data is in situ primary data taken by taking optical images continuously from the surface of the water by swimmer using a waterproof digital camera and then processed with PhotoScan software. The results of this study are high-resolution digital image data that can be used to make seagrass ecosystems map at the study site, assess ecosystem status, identify seagrass species ( 4 species), density (St1:103,9 ind/m2 and St2:128 ind/m2) and seagrass cover (57%– 61%).
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Gustavina, Ni Luh Gede Widya Bintang, I. Gusti Bagus Sila Dharma, and Elok Faiqoh. "Identifikasi Kandungan Senyawa Fitokimia Pada Daun dan Akar Lamun di Pantai Samuh Bali." Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences 4, no. 2 (November 7, 2017): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jmas.2018.v4.i02.271-277.
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Seagrass is the only flowering plant which has a true roots, leaves, and stems, an angiosperm plant that adapted to live entirely in the ocean. Seagrass produces several compounds which produced through secondary metabolism, one of the secondary metabolism is the phytochemicals. Seagrass ecosystem in Tanjung Benoa was discovered along Samuh Beach, where 9 kinds of seagrass species were found around the seagrass ecosystem in Tanjung Benoa. Samuh Beach has a tranquil water conditions and sandy substrate. The activities of marine tourism and hotel waste disposal in Tanjung Benoa waters cause major ecological pressure and physical pressure for the seagrass ecosystem. This study aims to determine the content of phytochemicals in the leaves and roots of seagrass. Screening method was used to determine the content of bioactive alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and tannin compounds. Each of these compounds has an important role in the seagrass. The existence of chemical compounds of the flavonoid, alkaloid and steroid groups in the roots and leaves of Cymodocea rotundata seagrass, Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichi, Halophila ovalis, Halophila minor, Halodule uninervis and Sryngodium isoetifolium in this study indicate that the seven species of seagrass has potential as a natural chemical antifouling, antifungal, and antibacterial.Then the seagrass will be protected from the danger of predators or epiphanies that interfere with the growth of seagrass and the ecosystems on Samuh Beach will remain intact.
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Ward, Melissa, Tye L. Kindinger, Heidi K. Hirsh, Tessa M. Hill, Brittany M. Jellison, Sarah Lummis, Emily B. Rivest, George G. Waldbusser, Brian Gaylord, and Kristy J. Kroeker. "Reviews and syntheses: Spatial and temporal patterns in seagrass metabolic fluxes." Biogeosciences 19, no. 3 (February 3, 2022): 689–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-689-2022.
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Abstract. Seagrass meadow metabolism has been measured for decades to gain insight into ecosystem energy, biomass production, food web dynamics, and, more recently, to inform its potential in ameliorating ocean acidification (OA). This extensive body of literature can be used to infer trends and drivers of seagrass meadow metabolism. Here, we synthesize the results from 56 studies reporting in situ rates of seagrass gross primary productivity, respiration, and/or net community productivity to highlight spatial and temporal variability in oxygen (O2) fluxes. We illustrate that daytime net community production (NCP) is positive overall and similar across seasons and geographies. Full-day NCP rates, which illustrate the potential cumulative effect of seagrass beds on seawater biogeochemistry integrated over day and night, were also positive overall but were higher in summer months in both tropical and temperate ecosystems. Although our analyses suggest seagrass meadows are generally autotrophic, the effects on seawater oxygen are relatively small in magnitude. We also find positive correlations between gross primary production and temperature, although this effect may vary between temperate and tropical geographies and may change under future climate scenarios if seagrasses approach thermal tolerance thresholds. In addition, we illustrate that periods when full-day NCP is highest could be associated with lower nighttime O2 and increased diurnal variability in seawater O2. These results can serve as first-order estimates of when and where OA amelioration by seagrasses may be likely. However, improved understanding of variations in NCPDIC:NCPO2 ratios and increased work directly measuring metabolically driven alterations in seawater pH will further inform the potential for seagrass meadows to serve in this context.
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Coles, Rob, Fred Short, Miguel Fortes, and John Kuo. "Twenty years of seagrass networking and advancing seagrass science: The International Seagrass Biology Workshop Series." Pacific Conservation Biology 20, no. 1 (2014): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc140008.
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SEAGRASSES are a group of some 72 species of marine flowering plants found in the world’s shallow coastal oceans (Green and Short 2003, Short et al. 2011). There is now scientific consensus that they create an important marine habitat not only by themselves, but also as a component of more complex ecosystems within marine coastal zones. Seagrasses contribute to the health of coral reefs and mangroves, salt marshes and oyster reefs (Dorenbosch et al. 2004; Duke et al. 2007; Heck et al. 2008; Unsworth et al. 2008). Seagrasses have high primary productivity and are a basis of many marine food webs through direct herbivory and the through a detrital cycle (Hemminga and Duarte, 2000). They have enormous value in providing nutrients (N and P) and organic carbon to other parts of the oceans, including the deep sea, and they contribute significantly to carbon sequestration (Suchanek et al. 1985; Duarte et al. 2005). Armed with this knowledge today it is interesting to remember that it is only just over a hundred years since scientists first began speculating on the roles and values of seagrass in the marine environment, with the first focus occurring in Europe on eelgrass (Zostera marina). Many at the time discounted seagrass as an important primary producer (den Hartog 1980). It was not until after the 1930s, when vast areas of Zostera marina were lost in the northern hemisphere from a wasting disease that scientists and governments started to understand and investigate the value of seagrass to coastal ecosystems (Milne and Milne 1951). The loss of Zostera marina led to obvious declines in migratory waterfowl, crustaceans, finfish and shellfish populations (Thayer et al. 1984) In response to those concerns about ongoing losses of Zostera marina and other seagrass species, a meeting of scientists in Fairbanks, Alaska in early 1973 decided to coordinate seagrass research globally. This led to the first International Seagrass Workshop being organized and held in Leiden, The Netherlands, later that year. The report of that conference (McRoy and Helfferich 1977) makes interesting reading, looking back from the perspective of the 21st century. There is only one contribution from the southern hemisphere (Larkum 1977) with Australia referred to as a “little known region”. What we now know as the centre of seagrass biodiversity, Insular Southeast Asia and the broader Indo Pacific region, receives no mention at all. A significant and long-lasting outcome of the Leiden meeting was the birth of the journal “Aquatic Botany”.
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Short, Frederick T., and Sandy Wyllie-Echeverria. "Natural and human-induced disturbance of seagrasses." Environmental Conservation 23, no. 1 (March 1996): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900038212.
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SummaryMany natural and human-induced events create disturbances in seagrasses throughout the world, but quantifying losses of habitat is only beginning. Over the last decade, 90000 ha of seagrass loss have been documented although the actual area lost is certainly greater. Seagrasses, an assemblage of marine flowering plant species, are valuable structural and functional components of coastal ecosystems and are currently experiencing worldwide decline. This group of plants is known to support a complex trophic food web and a detritus-based food chain, as well as to provide sediment and nutrient filtration, sediment stabilization, and breeding and nursery areas for finfish and shellfish.We define disturbance, natural or human-induced, as any event that measurably alters resources available to seagrasses so that a plant response is induced that results in degradation or loss. Applying this definition, we find a common thread in many seemingly unrelated seagrass investigations. We review reports of seagrass loss from both published and ‘grey’ literature and evaluate the types of disturbances that have caused seagrass decline and disappearance. Almost certainly more seagrass has been lost globally than has been documented or even observed, but the lack of comprehensive monitoring and seagrass. mapping makes an assessment of true loss of this resource impossible to determine.Natural disturbances that are most commonly responsible for seagrass loss include hurricanes, earthquakes, disease, and grazing by herbivores. Human activities most affecting seagrasses are those which alter water quality or clarity: nutrient and sediment loading from runoff and sewage disposal, dredging and filling, pollution, upland development, and certain fishing practices. Seagrasses depend on an adequate degree of water clarity to sustain productivity in their submerged environment. Although natural events have been responsible for both large-scale and local losses of seagrass habitat, our evaluation suggests that human population expansion is now the most serious cause of seagrass habitat loss, and specifically that increasing anthropogenic inputs to the coastal oceans are primarily responsible for the world-wide decline in seagrasses.