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1
Brigham, Lawson Walter. "Sea ice variability in Russian Arctic coastal seas : influences on the northern sea route." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621873.
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Damer, Mouminat. "From Syrian Sea to Shining Sea." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10751850.
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From Syrian Sea to Shining Sea is a collection of poetry that reflects the lives of Arab-Americans. Whether they may be first generation, Muslim, or immigrants, there is a piece within their self that reflects a longing for the homeland, ties to the motherland, and struggles that arose as a result of the Syrian Civil War. As a first-generation, Arab-American, Muslim woman I wrote these poems through the raw lens that is my experience.
3
Babb, David. "Sea ice motion within the Beaufort Sea." American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23694.
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Sea ice drift and associated forcing mechanisms within the Beaufort Sea are examined within the context of a mechanically weakening Arctic ice pack. Extensive in situ observations of ice drift, ice mass balance and surface winds are supplemented by remotely sensed and modeled data to analyse the forcing of sea ice motion. First we analyse the anomalous export of 13.4 x 103 km2 of sea ice through the Bering Strait during winter 2011-2012. The event highlights a tendency towards increased ice transport through the Bering Strait since 2008 as a result of climate induced weakening of the arctic ice pack. Secondly, as part of the Beaufort Regional Environmental Assessment we analyse the seasonal evolution of ice drift in the Beaufort Sea during Spring as the ice pack transitions from mechanically strong conditions in late winter to weak summer conditions that foster free drift and thus increased ice drift speeds.
4
Wilkinson, Jeremy. "Sea ice, convection and the Greenland Sea." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2005. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/25132/.
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The region where deep open-ocean convection occurs in the Greenland Sea corresponds to that where a sea ice winter feature, the Odden, usually forms. The role of sea ice in modifying the surface waters to overturn to depth is evaluated through the combination of in siu measurements, satellite imagery, meteorological measurements and drifting buoy data. Results suggest local meteorological and oceanographic conditions govern the ice conditions over the region. The high ambient wave energy precludes the formation of ice beyond the frazil-pancake stage; the changing surface pressure field, due to passing storm systems, influences the daily shape and extent of the Odden and enables pancake ice to expel brine at an increased rate. Finally, the analysis of drifting buoy data reveal that the ice is in free drift. t These characteristics suggests the Odden may be regarded as a large scale latent heat polynya, with the predominately northerly winds blowing newly formed sea-ice constantly southward such that it melts in a different area from that of its formation. This salt separation process whereby the majority of brine is deposited where the ice was formed, and a smaller amount being released, through brine drainage, as the ice drifts with the prevailing wind has important consequences for the spatial and temporal distribution of the salt flux and hence surrounding hydrography. This is clearly demonstrated through the development of a salt flux model, which involves brine drainage and drift. A simple one-dimensional mixed layer model, driven by results of the salt flux model, predicts a strong density enhancement and deepening of the mixed layer over time. It is therefore envisaged that the formation of sea ice, brine drainage and drift are fundamental in eroding the pycnocline between the surface waters and those below. Sea ice should therefore be viewed as a preconditioning activity to deep overturning of the waters of the central Greenland Sea.
5
Pettenuzzo, Daniele <1977>. "Sea Surface Temperature variations and air-sea physics parametrizations in the Mediterranean Sea." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2867/1/Pettenuzzo_Daniele_tesi.pdf.
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Pettenuzzo, Daniele <1977>. "Sea Surface Temperature variations and air-sea physics parametrizations in the Mediterranean Sea." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2867/.
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Hui, Tabitha Cheng Yee. "Steller sea lions and fisheries : competition at sea?" Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32588.
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A leading hypothesis to explain the decline of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in western Alaska is the reduction of prey abundance or change in prey distributions caused by commercial fisheries. We sought to improve on past studies that attempted to assess competition between sea lions and fisheries by estimating the local amounts of prey accessible to sea lions. We explored the relationships between sea lion population trends, fishery catches and the prey biomass accessible to sea lions around 33 rookeries from 2000-2008. We focused on three commercially important species that dominate the sea lion diet: walleye pollock, Pacific cod and Atka mackerel. We estimated available prey biomass by removing fishery catches from predicted prey biomass distributions in the Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska; and modelled the likelihood of sea lions foraging at different distances from rookeries (accessibility) using satellite telemetry locations of tracked animals. We combined this accessibility model with the prey distributions to estimate the prey biomass accessible to sea lions by rookery. For each rookery, we compared sea lion population change to accessible prey biomass (estimated using our accessibility model and also within 10, 20 and 50 km of each rookery). Of the 304 statistical models we constructed to compare accessible prey biomass and catch to sea lion population trends, only three relationships were significant. These three suggest that sea lion population change rates increased (became less negative) with increasing accessible pollock biomass in the Aleutian Islands and with cod biomass in the Gulf of Alaska. No relationships were found between sea lion population trends and Atka mackerel biomass. Given that the majority of the relationships we explored were insignificant, it seems unlikely that the availability of pollock, cod or Atka mackerel was limiting sea lion populations in the 2000s. Sea lion population trends appeared to be affected by some unknown factor associated with regional differences. Removing fish catches or adding catch to our predicted distributions of groundfish abundances had no measurable effect on sea lion population trends. These observations suggest that sea lion populations were largely unaffected by fishery removals during this period.
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Von, Eye Maxine Jutta Erika. "Sea ice and convection in the Greenland Sea." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648527.
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Bonaduce, Antonio <1980>. "Sea-Level climate variability in the Mediterranean Sea." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4645/1/Bonaduce_Antonio_tesi.pdf.
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Sea-level variability is characterized by multiple interacting factors described in the Fourth Assessment Report (Bindoff et al., 2007) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) that act over wide spectra of temporal and spatial scales. In Church et al. (2010) sea-level variability and changes are defined as manifestations of climate variability and change. The European Environmental Agency (EEA) defines sea level as one of most important indicators for monitoring climate change, as it integrates the response of different components of the Earths system and is also affected by anthropogenic contributions (EEA, 2011).
The balance between the different sea-level contributions represents an important source of uncertainty, involving stochastic processes that are very difficult to describe and understand in detail, to the point that they are defined as an enigma in Munk (2002). Sea-level rate estimates are affected by all these uncertainties, in particular if we look at possible responses to sea-level contributions to future climate.
At the regional scale, lateral fluxes also contribute to sea-level variability, adding complexity to sea-level dynamics.
The research strategy adopted in this work to approach such an interesting
and challenging topic has been to develop an objective methodology to study sea-level variability at different temporal and spatial scales, applicable in each part of the Mediterranean basin in particular, and in the global ocean in general, using all the best calibrated sources of data (for the Mediterranean): in-situ, remote-sensig and numerical models data. The global objective of this work was to achieve a deep understanding of all of the components of the sea-level signal contributing to sea-level variability,
tendency and trend and to quantify them.
10
Bonaduce, Antonio <1980>. "Sea-Level climate variability in the Mediterranean Sea." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4645/.
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Sea-level variability is characterized by multiple interacting factors described in the Fourth Assessment Report (Bindoff et al., 2007) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) that act over wide spectra of temporal and spatial scales. In Church et al. (2010) sea-level variability and changes are defined as manifestations of climate variability and change. The European Environmental Agency (EEA) defines sea level as one of most important indicators for monitoring climate change, as it integrates the response of different components of the Earths system and is also affected by anthropogenic contributions (EEA, 2011).
The balance between the different sea-level contributions represents an important source of uncertainty, involving stochastic processes that are very difficult to describe and understand in detail, to the point that they are defined as an enigma in Munk (2002). Sea-level rate estimates are affected by all these uncertainties, in particular if we look at possible responses to sea-level contributions to future climate.
At the regional scale, lateral fluxes also contribute to sea-level variability, adding complexity to sea-level dynamics.
The research strategy adopted in this work to approach such an interesting
and challenging topic has been to develop an objective methodology to study sea-level variability at different temporal and spatial scales, applicable in each part of the Mediterranean basin in particular, and in the global ocean in general, using all the best calibrated sources of data (for the Mediterranean): in-situ, remote-sensig and numerical models data. The global objective of this work was to achieve a deep understanding of all of the components of the sea-level signal contributing to sea-level variability,
tendency and trend and to quantify them.
11
Bianchi, Alejandro. "Sea-air CO2 fluxes in the Patagonia sea." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066613.
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Les plateaux continentaux sont des régions très productives et pourraient constituer de régions de puits significatif de CO2 pour l’atmosphère. De 2000 à 2006, vingt-deux sections océanographiques sur le plateau continental de la Mer de Patagonie (Projets ARGAU et GEF PATAGONIA) ont permis d'étudier la variabilité saisonnière des différences de pression partielle de CO2 (pCO2) et des flux de CO2 (FCO2) entre la mer et l'atmosphère. Ce travail présente une analyse de l'influence des différentes variables environnementales et des processus physiques et biologiques sur les flux de CO2 à l’interface Océan-Atmosphère en mer de Patagonie. Malgré une variabilité saisonnière importante de pCO2 dans les eaux de surface, la mer de Patagonie constitue un puits pendant toutes les saisons. Dans ce plateau continental, le puits de CO2 est dû à des processus dynamiques (stratification, mélange vertical et fronts) et est intensifié par la pompe biologique. Il est montré que les diatomées sont beaucoup plus efficaces pour le pompage du CO2 que les dinoflagellées. Le premier bilan du CO2 (naturel et anthropique) pour l’Argentine montre que la mer de Patagonie capture une quantité de CO2 similaire aux émissions dues à la consommation d’énergie domestique.
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Miller, Melissa Ann. "Characterization and epidemiologic investigation of apicomplexan parasites associated with meningoencephalitis in southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) and Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi) /." Available via Proquest Digital Dissertations. Restricted to UC campuses, 2002. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/21243.
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Hoskins, Robyn. "Sea Stories." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2017. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2330.
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Sea Stories is a collection of creative nonfiction essays centered around the growth of a young woman through her experiences with water and ships. The pieces trace the origins of the narrator's tie to water from a childhood involving boating with her dad to sailing a brigantine across the Pacific Ocean and then a six-year career as an officer in the U.S. Coast Guard. The narrator's relationship with her father, predominantly viewed through their shared intimacy with water, is a base theme for the whole collection. Other themes explored in individual essays include reckoning expectations with reality, explorations of the self in and against a group, gender dynamics in military service, and the influence of fiction on life. Sea Stories shows that what we think we know, what we may have only imagined, and on the water, that self-constructed reality can be a dangerous thing.
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Vice, President Research Office of the. "Sea Change." Office of the Vice President Research, The University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/9510.
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Kuninaka, Akira. "Air-sea interactions and water mass structure of the East China Sea and Yellow Sea." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1998. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA345980.
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Thesis (M.S. in Physical Oceanography) Naval Postgraduate School, March 1998."March 1998." Thesis advisor(s): Peter C. Chu, Robert H. Bourke. Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-62). Also available online.
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Schulz, Eric Werner mathematics UNSW. "Air-sea flux parameterisations in a shallow tropical sea." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. mathematics, 2002. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/18659.
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This thesis is a study of the air-sea fluxes of momentum, sensible heat and latent heat. Fluxes are estimated using the covariance, COARE2.6b bulk flux algorithm, and inertial dissipation methods. The bulk algorithm is validated against the covariance fluxes for the first time in a light-wind, shallow tropical sea, with strong atmospheric instability and low sea state conditions. The removal of ship motion contamination is investigated. This is the first study to quantify the errors associated with corrections for ship motion contamination, and the effects of motion contamination on the covariance calculated heat fluxes. Flow distortion is investigated. Bulk transfer coefficients and roughness lengths are computed and related to the sea state. Ship motion contamination is successfully removed in 86% of the runs. Error analysis of the motion removal algorithm indicates maximum uncertainties of 15% in the wind fluctuations, and 0.002 N/m/m for the wind stress. Motion correction changes the stress by more than 15% in half of the runs analysed. The ship is found to accelerate the mean air flow and deflect it above the horizontal. A correction is developed for the air flow acceleration. The scalar fluxes show good agreement on average for all the methods. As wind speed approaches zero, covariance wind stress is significantly larger than the bulk and inertial dissipation derived wind stress. The non-zero covariance wind stress is reflected in the drag coefficient, CdN10, and momentum roughness length, z0, which are much larger than the parameterisations used in the bulk algorithm. The MCTEX CdN10, wind speed (u10N) relation is 1000 x Cd10N = 1.03 + 7.88/(u10N)^2 0.8 < u10N < 7.5 m/s z0 is primarily a function of wind speed rather than sea state, with largest roughness lengths occurring as wind speed approaches zero. This relation is used in the bulk algorithm, yielding good agreement between covariance and bulk derived wind stress. A new parameterisation for the effects of gustiness, based on wind variance is developed. This brings the bulk wind stress into agreement with the covariance derived wind stress.
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Else, Brent. "Air-sea CO2 cycling in the southeastern Beaufort Sea." American Geophysical Union, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/8905.
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During the fourth International Polar Year, an interdisciplinary study was conducted to examine the couplings between sea ice, ocean, atmosphere, and ecosystem in the southeastern Beaufort Sea. This thesis examines components of the system that control the air–sea exchange of carbon dioxide. Using eddy covariance measurements, we found enhanced CO2 exchange associated with new ice formation in winter flaw leads. This exchange was typically directed towards the surface, although we also measured one instance of outgassing. Sea surface dissolved CO2 measurements (pCO2sw) in Amundsen Gulf showed significant undersaturation with respect to the atmosphere at freeze–up, followed by a slow increase over the winter until spring phytoplankton blooms caused strong undersaturation at break–up. Over the summer, pCO2sw increased until becoming slightly supersaturated due to surface warming. Along the southern margins of Amundsen Gulf and on the Mackenzie Shelf we found pCO2sw supersaturations in the fall due to wind–driven coastal upwelling. In the spring, this upwelling occurred along the landfast ice edges of Amundsen Gulf. By combining observations of enhanced winter gas exchange with observations of pCO2sw in Amundsen Gulf, we derived an annual budget of air–sea CO2 exchange for the region. This exercise showed that uptake through the winter season was as important as the open water season, making the overall annual uptake of CO2 about double what had previously been calculated.
Prior to this work, the prevailing paradigm of air–sea CO2 cycling in Arctic polynya regions posited that strong CO2 absorption occurs in the open water seasons, and that a potential outgassing during the winter is inhibited by the sea ice cover. As a new paradigm, we propose that the spatial and temporal variability of many processes – including phytoplankton blooms, sea surface temperature and salinity changes, upwelling, river input, continental shelf processes, and the potential for high rates of winter gas exchange – need to be considered in order to understand the carbon source/sink status of a given Arctic polynya region. A paradigm that considers such varied processes is useful in understanding how climate change in the Arctic can impact air–sea CO2 exchange.
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Bramson, Laura S. "Air-sea interactions and deep convection in the Labrador Sea." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1997. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA342378.
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Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology and M.S. in Physical Oceanography) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1997."December 1997." Thesis advisor(s): Peter Guest, Roland Garwood. Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-74). Also available online.
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Moreton, Steven Grahame. "Quaternary tephrochronology of the Scotia Sea and Bellingshausen Sea, Antarctica." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 1999. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/4865/.
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The Southern Ocean is a region of the world's ocean which is fundamental to the generation of cold deep ocean water which drives the global thermo-haline circulation. Previous investigations of deep-sea sediment cores south of the Polar Front have been significantly constrained by the lack of a suitable correlation and dating technique. In this study, deep-sea sediment cores from the Bellingshausen, Scotia and Weddell seas have been investigated for the presence of tephra layers. The major oxide and trace element composition of glass shards have been used to correlate tephra isochrones over distances in excess of 600 km. The source volcanoes for individual tephra layers have been identified. Atmospheric transport distances greater than 1500 km for >32 μm shards are reported. One megascopic tephra is identified and correlated across 7 sediment drifts on the continental rise in the Bellingshausen Sea. Its occurrence in a sedimentary unit that has been biostratigraphically dated to δ^18 0 substage 5e identifies it as a key regional marker horizon for that stage. An unusual bimodal megascopic ash layer erupted from Deception Island, South Shetland Islands, has been correlated between 6 sediment cores which form a 600 km NW-SW transect from the central Scotia Sea to Jane Basin. The megascopic ash layer has been ^14C dated at 10,670 years BP. It represents the last significant input of tephra into the Scotia Sea or Jane Basin from that volcano and forms an important early Holocene marker horizon for the region. Five disseminated tephras can be correlated to varying extents across the central Scotia Sea cores. Together with the megascopic tephra they form a tephrostratigraphic framework that will greatly aid palaeoclimatic, palaeoenvironmental and palaeoceanographic investigations in the region.
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Lea, Daniel James. "Joint assimilation of sea surface temperature and sea surface height." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393382.
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Huddleston, M. R. "Modelling the sea ice thickness distribution in the Greenland Sea." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.604716.
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Following a detailed review of the history and theory of sea ice modelling in the Arctic, a further review is made of previous analysis of the ice thickness distribution. In addition to this, ten new or partially cited upward looking sonar ice draft datasets derived from moored buoys and submarine profiles have been used to provide a detailed set of statistics for comparison with modelled ice thickness distribution functions in the Greenland Sea. The moored sonar buoys datasets are from the period 1991-1994 and the submarine datasets are from the spring seasons of 1987 and 1991. Suitable atmospheric and oceanic forcing fields for 1991-94 have been derived from UK Meteorological Office unified model simulations and analysis and verified for a sea ice model of the Arctic Ocean and Greenland Seas. The model represents the sea ice thickness distribution using 28 levels of ice after Flato and Hibler [1995]. The use of synoptic daily varying winds is shown to create coastal polynyas and the application of spatially and temporally varying precipitation fall generated a realistic snow cover. An extensive comparison of modelled and observed ice thickness distributions is presented for the Greenland Sea. Ice fluxes for Fram Strait have been produced using a variety of methods using data from moored upward looking sonar thickness distributions, SSM/I ice concentrations and International Arctic Buoy Programme derived drift data. Results show that it is important to include the variation in the thickness and velocity fields both spatially and temporally across Fram Strait in the calculation of ice fluxes. The modelled variation in the velocities, thickness distributions and the ice fluxes in Fram Strait compare well with the observations although the absolute value of the fluxes are too low due to excessive winter oceanic heat fluxes. When the observed fluxes were used in a boundary-forced Greenland Sea regional model, it was shown that the mechanisms that preferentially melt ridged ice types not present in the model but the decay of the mean thickness of the ice downstream can be represented. Overall, the model results emphasise the need for further work on dynamic-thermodynamic coupling in ice models to resolve these processes.
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Siddall, Mark. "Paleo-circulation of the Red Sea and global sea level." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396754.
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Hentati-Sundberg, Jonas. "SEA CHANGE : Social-ecological co-evolution in Baltic Sea fisheries." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-122372.
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Sustainable management of natural resources requires an in-depth understanding of the interplay between social and ecological change. Linked social-ecological systems (SES) have been described as complex adaptive systems (CAS), which mean that they are irreducible, exhibit nonlinear dynamics, have interactions across scales and are uncertain and unpredictable. These propositions have however rarely been tested empirically, in part due to a lack of methodological approaches and suitable datasets. In this thesis, I address this methodological and empirical gap in a study of long-term change of Baltic Sea fisheries. In Paper I, we develop the concept of fishing style through integrating multivariate statistical analysis and in-depth interviews. We thereby identify an intermediate level of detail for analyzing social-ecological dynamics, embracing the case specific and context dependent approaches of the social sciences with the generalizable and quantifiable approaches from the natural sciences. In Paper II we ask: How has the Baltic Sea fishery been regulated over time, and can we identify a way to quantify regulations in order to be able to analyze their effects? We analyze all regulatory changes in Sweden since 1995 with a new methodology and conclude that there is a clear trend towards increased micro-management. In Paper III, we use the fishing styles developed in Paper I and examine how they have changed over time. We relate these changes to the dynamics of regulation (Paper II), as well as to the dynamics of fish stocks and prices. We conclude that regulation has been the main driving force for observed changes, but also that regulation has prompted significant specialization and decline in flexibility for fishers over time. These changes are unintended consequences and may represent a looming risk for the long-term sustainability of this social-ecological system. Paper IV zooms in on a particular fishery, the pelagic trawl fishery for sprat Sprattus sprattus and Atlantic herring Clupea harengus, mainly targeted for the production of fishmeal and fish oil. Suspicions of non-compliance in this fishery motivated us to apply a statistical approach where we used socioeconomic data to re-estimate the historical catches in this fishery (a novel approach to catch-reconstruction estimates). We found that catches had been significantly underreported over several years, with consequences for the quality of stock assessments and management. The study underlines the importance of understanding linked social, economic and ecological dynamics for sustainable outcomes. Finally, Paper V takes a longer historical look at the Baltic Sea fishery, using regionally disaggregated data from 1914-2009 (96 years), which were analyzed with a novel type of nonlinear statistical time-series methods (Empirical Dynamical Modeling). Our analysis explicitly recognized the potential nonlinear dynamics of SES and showed high predictability across regions of catches and prices of cod Gadus morhua and herring. The signal was generally nonlinear and predictability decreased strongly with time, suggesting that the dynamics of this SES are ever-changing. To our knowledge, this is the first long-term analysis of a SES using empirical data and methods developed from the CAS field of research. The main contributions of this thesis are the integrated analysis of social and ecological data, the development of novel methods for understanding SES dynamics, insights on the ever-changing nature of CAS and the quantitative analysis of management outcomes. Future work should focus on assessing the generality of these findings across a broad range of SES and evaluate alternative governance approaches given the complexity and uncertainty of SES suggested by this thesis.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 5: Manuscript.
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Stampe, Elin. "Sonar Sea : The acoustic experience of the Baltic Sea dynamics." Thesis, Konstfack, Inredningsarkitektur & Möbeldesign, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-7830.
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This thesis project aims to discuss the conditions and importance of water as a dynamic body in our environment, as water is affecting life on Earth on all levels. By focusing on the Baltic Sea, a sensitive body of water, I am exploring the acoustic characters of the sea dynamics through sound recordings at three bays in the Stockholm Archipelago. How can an acoustic exploration of the Baltic Sea dynamics mediate a sensitive relationship to our marine environments? Sound defines environments and gives indications of their current state. In this project, I intertwine an artistic approach involving our senses with scientific research of measuring to further an understanding of the relationship between humans and nature. The project explores water and sound in two parts, first as a method for listening to the sea, second as a spatial composition created for a sensory experience of the sea’s endless motion. It is my hope that my installation can stir emotions and create an understanding for the environmental challenges facing the Baltic Sea and inspire action towards prosperous natural environments where we live with and not apart from nature.
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Roy, Indrani. "Solar signals in sea level pressure and sea surface temperature." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/6038.
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We investigate solar cycle signals in 150 years of Sea Level Pressure (SLP) and Sea Surface Temperature (SST) data, using multiple regression analysis. We detect a solar signal in both SLP and SST in the North Pacific during DJF, similar to that found by Van Loon et al. (2007) but of smaller magnitude. We do not, however, identify the signal they found in the tropics. Our results do not support mechanisms for a solar influence on climate directly involving tropical SSTs. We have used different reconstructions of total solar irradiance to investigate the sensitivity of the results. The series of Krivova & Solanki and Foster give similar results to those acquired using sunspot number but the Hoyt & Schatten solar index sometimes produces different results because of mixing of the solar signal with a long-term trend. Using different approaches Labitzke and van Loon (1992) and Camp and Tung (2007), arrived at different results for a solar influence on winter stratospheric polar temperatures and its relationship to the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in tropical stratospheric zonal winds. We show that these differences appear different largely because of their choices of QBO height. We also show that the effect of the QBO (30, 40 or 50 hPa) combined with solar activity reveals a clear signal in polar annular modes expressed in SLP. We show that the nature of ENSO was different before 1950s (and after1997): this may affect any solar influence. Other authors have suggested that tropical circulations were different during the intervening period. Such observation may have implications relating to the sun, tropical circulation and climate change. During 1958-1997, omission of ENSO from regression gives false warming (cooling) signal of higher (lower) solar on SST in tropics. Such analysis, accompanied by our observation that the years of peak annual sunspot number used by van Loon et al. (2007) generally falls a year or more in advance of the maximum of the smoothed DSO, provides coherence to some apparently conflicting findings. Finally, an atmosphere-ocean coupling process, (mainly involving the Pacific Ocean) is proposed to account for the solar influences. This coupling appears to be disturbed during the later half of the 20th century, probably due to climate change.
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Gutiérrez-Loza, Lucía. "Mechanisms controlling air-sea gas exchange in the Baltic Sea." Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten- och landskapslära, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-409744.
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Carbon plays a major role in physical and biogeochemical processes in the atmosphere, the biosphere, and the ocean. CO2 and CH4 are two of the most common carbon-containing compounds in the atmosphere, also recognized as major greenhouse gases. The exchange of CO2 and CH4 between the ocean and the atmosphere is an essential part of the global carbon cycle. The exchange is controlled by the air–sea concentration gradient and by the efficiency of the transfer processes. The lack of knowledge about the forcing mechanisms affecting the exchange of these climate-relevant gases is a major source of uncertainty in the estimation of the global oceanic contributions. Quantifying and understanding the air–sea exchange processes is essential to constrain the estimates and to improve our knowledge about the current and future climate. In this thesis, the mechanisms controlling the air–sea gas exchange in the Baltic Sea are investigated. The viability of micrometeorological techniques for CH4 monitoring in a coastal environment is evaluated. One year of semi-continuous measurements of air–sea CH4 fluxes using eddy covariance measurements suggests that the method is useful for CH4 flux estimations in marine environments. The measurements allow long-term monitoring at high frequency rates, thus, capturing the temporal variability of the flux. The region off Gotland is a net source of CH4, with both the air–sea concentration gradient and the wind as controlling mechanisms. A sensitivity analysis of the gas transfer velocity is performed to evaluate the effect of the forcing mechanisms controlling the air–sea CO2 exchange in the Baltic Sea. This analysis shows that the spatio-temporal variability of CO2 fluxes is strongly modulated by water-side convection, precipitation, and surfactants. The effect of these factors is relevant both at regional and global scales, as they are not included in the current budget estimates.
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Thunblom, Viktor, and Robert Nyberg. "CLEAN SEA : ALGSKÖRDNINGSMASKIN." Thesis, University of Kalmar, Kalmar Maritime Academy, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-2505.
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Smith, Marian Brunn. "A Fugitive Sea." VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1952.
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Hart, Chase M. "On sea-goats." Connect to this title online, 2008. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1211390464/.
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Gray, J. M. N. T. "Sea ice dynamics." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240183.
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Van, de Noort Robert. "North Sea archaeologies." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3312.
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North Sea Archaeologies traces the way people engaged with the North Sea from the end of the last ice age, around 10,000 BC, to the close of the Middle Ages, about AD 1500, drawing upon archaeological research from many countries, including the UK, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Belgium, and France. It addresses topics which include the first interactions of people with the emerging North Sea, the origin and development of fishing, the creation of coastal landscapes, the importance of islands and archipelagos, the development of seafaring ships and their use by early seafarers and pirates, and the treatment of boats and ships at the end of their useful lives. The study offers a ‘maritime turn’ in Archaeology through the investigation of aspects of human behaviour that have been, to various extents, disregarded, overlooked, or ignored in archaeological studies of the land. The study concludes that the relationship between humans and the sea challenges the frequently invoked dichotomy between pre-modernity and modernity, since many ancient beliefs, superstitions, and practices linked to seafaring and engagement with the sea are still widespread in the modern era.
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Jakub, Lucy(Lucy Marita). "Sea of change." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/130207.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Humanities, September, September, 2020Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 13-16).
The Gulf of Maine is warming at a faster rate than 99.9 percent of the world ocean, a trend with uncertain implications for the last great maritime fishery: American lobster. Every year, fishermen, scientists, and managers wait to see if the fishery reverses its fantastic growth, which has been a salutary effect of climate change over the past three decades. The gulf has as many horizons as it has islands, and nobody knows the whole thing. Like the story of the blind men and the elephant, every person you ask, even the most expert, will describe a different gulf to you, and a different crisis. What's clear is that the ecosystems of the region have been shaped by many different pressures: domesticated by management, depleted by overfishing, shuffled by natural climatic cycles. The future of the gulf will depend not just on the trajectory of ocean warming, but on whether people can rethink the way we use the environment, and adapt to a changing world.
by Lucy Jakub.
S.M.
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Humanities
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Oyedokun, Titus Oluwale. "Sea clutter simulation." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14557.
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Includes bibliograpical references.This dissertation presents the results of a study, the aim of which was the prediction of sea clutter characteristics including the temporal properties of the return signals as observed by a maritime surveillance radar system. The compound K distribution model used to generate clutter amplitude statistic enables the simulation of sea clutter with a good level of approximation to real radar data and this model forms the basis for the simulation of sea clutter amplitude statistic in this dissertation. Using this distribution, a sea clutter simulator is designed to generate correlated K distributed random variates from a predefined correlation function using the method by Ward and Tough [1 ]. Results from the sea clutter simulator shows that the simulated correlated random variates fit the theoretical K distribution PDF. Experimental sea clutter measurements were carried out using an experimental netted radar system. This was done at Scarborough Cape Town. Result obtained from the monostatic node is presented. This shows the amplitude statistics of the clutter as well as the temporal variation of the Doppler spectrum. Conclusions are drawn based on this results and suggestions made for further work.
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Chen, Hao. "Late Pleistocene palaeoenvironmental reconstruction using sediment cores from the Bohai Sea, the Huanghai Sea and the Arabian Sea." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14477.
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This thesis studied 9 sediment cores from the Bohai Sea (JX91-2A and JX91-3B), the Huanghai Sea (JX91-7m and 7G) and the Arabian Sea (cores 1733, 1734a, 1735, 1736 and 1739) through a multi-disciplinary approach including geochemistry, sedimentology, rock magnetism and radiochemistry. The purpose of this study is to retrieve the sedimentary records, characterise and compare the virtually different sedimentation processes in the Chinese and Arabian regions, and to reconstruct regional and trans-continental palaeoenvironmental changes since the Late Pleistocene. The main conclusions drawn from this study concerning A) the China Seas, B) the Arabian Sea and C) palaeoenvironment in the two regions include: A1. The Huanghe River plays a key role in the sedimentation in the Bohai and Huanghai Seas, and its well documented channel switching can be directly correlated with the lithological changes in the sediments; A2. Estuarine turbidity current can be formed in the Bohai Sea in a different way from that in deepwater, owing to the extremely turbid riverwater and highly diluted seawater; but it cannot in the Huanghai Sea; A3. Huanghe estuarine sediment in the Bohai Sea can be linked to the recent soil erosion on the Loess Plateau through geochemical and palaeomagnetic indicators, viz. P, Ti, REE and magnetic susceptibility; B1. Sediments in the Gulf of Oman in the Arabian Sea are generally of aeolian origin, though coarser sands can be found either as saltation population in nearshore cores or as cyclone deposits on the Murray Ridge; B2. Monsoonal variations since the Late Pleistocene in terms of both wind strength and wind direction are responsible for the lithological changes in the Arabian sediments directly, and biogeochemical changes indirectly, through the wind-driven coastal upwelling system in the Arabian Sea.
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Marchiori, Erica. "Parasitic infections in sea turtles and cetaceans in Mediterranean Sea waters, with a focus on the Adriatic Sea." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426708.
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Parasitic infections contribute to natural mortality in population of free ranging sea turtles and cetaceans worldwide. Notwithstanding all host-dependant factors influencing the outcomes of parasitic infections, some parasites, spanning from protozoan to helminthic taxa, have a high pathogenic potential and can cause fatal disease in these animals. Sea turtles blood flukes (Digenea: Spirorchiidae) are a main factor in mortality of populations of green and loggerhead turtles in Atlantic and Pacific Ocean. In order to explore presence and pathology of spirorchiidiasis in the Mediterranean area, data from 168 loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) stranded dead along North Western Adriatic coast were collected during a six-years period. Parasitological study and pathological findings revealed the presence of eggs and adult flukes of Hapalotrema mistroides and Neospirorchis – Neogen 11, with prevalence of 15.5% and 6.0% respectively. Mild lesions were observed, including multifocal granulomatous enteritis and chronic focal vasculitis of the major vessels. Egg emboli were found widespread in the tissues, mostly attributable to H. mistroides. Sequencing of rDNA markers (28S and ITS-2) and phylogenetic analyses revealed the identity of the Mediterranean isolates with Floridian specimens. Genetic analysis on the hosts led to the conclusion that the life cycles of both genera can be entirely supported by the Mediterranean ecosystem. To estimate the infection intensity, a new rapid method was set up. Correlation between spleen egg burden and fecal egg output was studied by means of statistical tests applied to splenic tissue and fecal material, revealing the absence of correlation and the unreliability of fecal burden to assess severity of the disease in vivo. Gastrointestinal helminth community of loggerheads was also studied, revealing a species diversity typical of demersal stage turtles and similar to that observed in other neritic areas of the Mediterranean.
As for cetaceans, crassicaudosis is considered one of most severe helminthic infections in these animals. Nevertheless, knowledge on the epidemiology of Crassicauda species is scarce, due to constraints of sampling free-ranging wild host species and to the difficulty of obtaining entire specimens suitable for morphologic studies. Presence and pathology of Crassicauda boopis were investigated in fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) stranded along Italian coasts. Severe lesions linked to the presence of adult nematodes in circulatory system and kidneys were detected in five rorquals (5/7), associated with renal function impairment and arteritis of the mesenteric vessels linked to spirurid larvae migrans. Morphological studies enabled the identification of the adult nematodes as C. boopis. Sequencing of molecular barcode regions was performed on adult and larval nematodes from the whales; additionally, specimens of Crassicauda spp. isolated from toothed whales were morphologically and molecularly studied. A multigene analysis made on the barcode regions of rDNA and on the mtDNA revealed the ITS-2 spacer to be the most efficient marker in species differentiation inside the genus Crassicauda. This analysis opened new insights on the identity of the isolated larvae migrans and on the life cycles of these poorly known nematodes. Furthermore, during the parasitological examination, immature elements of the genus Pennella were recovered from one fin whale and described from a morphological point of view for the first time. Preliminary molecular data were obtained, with the aim of clarifying the taxonomy of the genus Pennella. The coccidian Toxoplasma gondii was detected in the tissues of one rorqual as well, likely associated with a chronic infection.
In conclusion, these parasitological surveys highlighted the importance of a continue monitoring of the health of these endangered species avoiding underestimating the potential impact of parasitic diseases in natural mortality.Le infestazioni parassitarie contribuiscono alla mortalità naturale in popolazioni di tartarughe marine e cetacei in tutto il mondo. A prescindere dai diversi fattori dipendenti dall’ospite che possono influenzare l’esito di tali infestazioni, alcuni parassiti, dai protozoi agli elminti, possiedono un alto potenziale patogeno, tale da essere causa primaria di morte. Infestazioni da Trematodi Digenei del sistema cardiocircolatorio (Digenea:Spirorchiidae) sono un’ importante causa di morbidità in popolazioni di tartarughe marine degli oceani Pacifico e Atlantico. Per indagare la presenza e la patologia di questa infestazione nel Mediterraneo, sono stati raccolti dati da 168 tartarughe Caretta caretta spiaggiate lungo la costa adriatica nord occidentale in un periodo di sei anni. L’approccio parassitologico, sia tradizionale che molecolare, e lo studio anatomopatologico hanno rivelato la presenza di uova e adulti di Hapalotrema mistroides e Neospirorchis – Neogen 11 con prevalenze di 15.5% e 6.0% rispettivamente. Sono state riscontrate lesioni lievi, tra cui enterite granulomatosa multifocale e vasculite cronica focale a carico dei grossi vasi. Il sequenziamento dei markers genomici (28S e ITS-2) e l’analisi filogenetica hanno permesso di verificare l’identità dei nostri campioni con quelli isolati in Florida. Analisi genetiche effettuate sugli ospiti hanno portato a concludere che il ciclo vitale di questi parassiti può completarsi all’interno del Mediterraneo. Un nuovo metodo rapido per la quantificazione dell’intensità di infestazione è stato quindi messo a punto. È stata studiata la correlazione tra l’emissione di uova nelle feci e la presenza di uova nei tessuti attraverso l’applicazione di test statistici, che hanno rivelato l’inattendibilità del valore della carica di uova fecali al fine di stimare la gravità dell’infestazione in vivo. Per quanto riguarda i cetacei, la crassicaudosi è una delle più gravi elmintiasi in questi animali ma ciononostante i dati sull’epidemiologia di Crassicauda spp. sono ancora scarsi, a causa delle limitazioni poste dal campionare queste specie ospite e alla difficoltà di ottenere campioni parassitologici integri. La presenza e la patologia della crassicaudosi sono state studiate in balenottere comuni (Balaenoptera physalus) spiaggiate lungo le coste italiane. Gravi lesioni collegate alla presenza di nematodi adulti nel sistema circolatorio e nei reni sono state trovate in cinque animali (5/7), in presenza di insufficienza renale in un caso e arterite dei vasi mesenterici associata alla presenza di larvae migrans di nematodi spiruridi. Gli studi morfologici, comparati con le descrizioni in letteratura, hanno permesso di identificare i parassiti adulti come Crassicauda boopis. Sono state sequenziate le regioni di barcoding sui parassiti adulti e sulle larve e, parallelamente, altri individui di Crassicauda spp., isolati da odontoceti, sono stati studiati morfologicamente e molecolarmente. Un’analisi multigenica sulle regioni barcode ha rivelato che il segmento ITS-2 si è rivelato il più efficiente nella distinzione di specie all’interno del genere Crassicauda. Questa analisi apre nuove questioni riguardo l’identità delle larve migrans e il ciclo vitale di questi nematodi. Durante l’esame parassitologico, elementi immaturi di Pennella spp. sono stati isolati da una balenottera e descritti morfologicamente per la prima volta. Dati molecolari preliminari sono stati ottenuti al fine di chiarire la tassonomia del genere Pennella. Toxoplasma gondii è stato isolato da un altro esemplare, associato a infezione cronica. I dati parassitologici raccolti hanno rivelato l’importanza di un continuo monitoraggio della salute di queste specie che tenga in considerazione il potenziale effetto delle parassitosi sulla mortalità naturale.
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Tadross, Mark Alexander. "Microwave remote sensing of young sea ice in the Greenland Sea." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624765.
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Nelis, Patrick M. "The transfer of radionuclides from sea to land in sea spray." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15496.
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This thesis reports on an investigation into the transport inland in sea spray of radionuclides discharged into the Irish Sea from the nuclear plant at Scllafield in Cumbria. The work was carried out in response to a concern about the increased incidence of childhood leukaemia in the vicinity of Britain's nuclear reprocessing facilities. It is proposed that the sea spray transfer is an important pathway of discharged radioactivity into the human environment. The inland transfer of contaminated sea spray was investigated on the beach at Drigg, between 6 and 10 km south of the BNFL Scllafield marine discharge pipeline, through which significant levels of radionuclides have been flushed since 1952. The radionuclide concentrations of coastal marram grass vegetation and collected on exposed muslin screen passive droplet collectors are reported. The method used to determine the mass of sea-salt collected by the exposed screens is described and the results of these measurements presented. The collection of the natural atmospheric radionuclide 7Bc on the exposed muslin screens was used to extract the effects of the changing wind flow on the collection of the spray droplets at different distances inland. This allowed an elucidation of the true reduction in the radionuclide air concentrations with distance from the sea. The Sellafield-produced radionuclides present on the exposed screens were found to decrease with distance inland at the same rate as the collected sea-salt, implicating the sea spray droplets as the carriers of the radioactivity. A model of the inland transfer of sea spray droplets produced in the turf zone along the shoreline is described. The collection of the contaminated spray in coastal soil, vegetation and muslin screen collectors is simulated. This model gives results which fit the measured reduction in radionuclide air concentrations with distance from the sea. A successful application to datasets of the inland transfer of spray and radioactivity reported elsewhere is also illustrated. The analysis of the changing surface air concentration with distance inland illustrated that the initially rapid reduction measured here and elsewhere is due more to the spray droplets being mixed to higher altitudes than their deposition to the ground. An analysis of a sea spray collection event in which very high radionuclide air concentrations were measured calculates that under certain conditions 1 km of coastline can produce 1.54xl05Bq of 239+240pu and 1.10xl05Bq of 241Am per hour. This material is thought to be efficiently transported inland in sea spray, and 60% of it is calculated to be still airborne 1 km from the coast. It is concluded that the sea spray transport of marine discharged radioactivity transfers significant levels of long-lived radionuclides to the land, much of it in the respirable size range, and that this material can be carried to large distances from the sea. This pathway merits further investigation as the causes of the increased leukaemia incidence in West Cumbria are sought.
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Torres, Parra R. Ricardo. "Sea-level variability in the Caribbean Sea over the last century." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/367215/.
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Mean sea level rise exposes coasts to increasing risks. For the Caribbean Sea, the regional and local sea-level behaviour is not well known. This study has investigated the sea level behavior in the region at different frequencies during the last century, to provide updated, accurate and useful information to implement coastal adaptation responses to sea-level hazards. Time series from 28 tide-gauges, 18 years of altimetry and various atmospheric and oceanographic climatologies have been used. Several new results have been found. The small Caribbean tides have significant long-term modulations. The net effect of the low frequency modulation of the tidal signal can change the maximum tidal range up to 23.5%. The seasonal sea level cycle is characterized by large spatial and temporal variability. The amplitude of the coastal annual harmonic ranges from 2 cm to 9 cm, peaking between August and October. The amplitude of the semi-annual harmonic has maximum amplitude of 6 cm but it is not significant at all stations. The barometric effect dominates the coastal semi-annual cycle, but it is insignificant in all the other sea level frequencies at the tide-gauges. The seasonal sea level cycle from altimetry confirms the results obtained from the tide-gauges and allows the identification of some dominant sea level forcing parameters such as the Panama-Colombia gyre driven by the wind stress curl and the Caribbean Low Level Jet modulating the sea level in the northern coast of South America and linked to the local upwelling. The basin average mean sea level rise from altimetry is 1.7±1.3 mm yr-1 for the period 1993-2010. Wind forcing changes causes the trends in the southern part of the basin, modulating the sea level through changes in the ocean circulation. Significant spatial and decadal variability of the trends is found. Secular coastal sea-level trends range from 1.3±0.2 mm yr-1 in Magueyes, where the steric contribution dominates, to 5.3±0.3 mm yr-1 in Cartagena, where other contributors including local vertical land movements are significant. Temporal changes in the sea level extremes are significant but in line with mean sea-level trends at each tide gauge. With the annual mean sea level removed, extremes range between 36 cm and 79 cm, the later recorded in Port Spain and caused by the largest tidal signal. The largest nontidal residual is 76 cm found in Magueyes, forced by a hurricane induced storm surge, however larger surges can occur in the basin. The interannual sea level signal and nontidal extremes correlate with El Niño-Southern Oscillation at different time and spatial scales. No correlation with the North Atlantic Oscillation is found at any frequency. The largest sea flooding probability in the Caribbean coasts is around October, when the different sea level contributors’ maximums interact. These sea flooding events are going to became more frequent in the future due to the secular mean sea level rise affecting the basin.
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Ramos, Manuela Fangueiro. "Sea anemones (Anthozoa: actiniaria) fauna of the North Atlantic deep sea." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/3495.
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Mestrado em Ciências das zonas costeirasA dissertação da Tese de Mestrado enquadra-se no âmbito do estudo do material recolhido durnte as expedições realizadas na Planície Abissal de Porcupine e no Talude Noroeste Irlandês. Estas expedições integram, respectivamente, três programas: BENGAL financiado pela UE com o Programa de Tecnologia e Ciência Marinha (MAST III), PROSPEC e CARACOLE coordenados pelo IFREMER. O objectivo deste trabalho centra-se principalmente no estudo da fauna de actiniários recolhidos nas campanhas efectuadas durante a época de 1996 a 2001 (PROSPEC- 96; BENGAL - 97/98; CARACOLE - 2001), e na análise biogeográfica desta fauna profunda do Atlântico Nordeste. Este estudo contribui com informação sobre 1) novos registos e redescrições do material recolhido no Nordeste Atlantico; 2) a variabilidade dos caractéres utilizados para a identificação das espécies, 3) a distribuição geográfica e batimétrica destas espécies, 4) análises da distribuição dentro da área de estudo atendendo às variáveis ambientais disponíveis; 5) actualização de dados taxonómicos e biogeograficos das especies que compõem a fauna do Ártico, o Norte Atlântico (Nordeste e Noroeste Atlântico, Lusitâneo e Mauritâneo) e o Mediterrâneo; e 6) a composição e afinidades faunísticas na comparação com outras áreas biogeográficas do Norte Atlântico. Neste contexto, foi discutida a origem da fauna de anemonas de oceano profundo.
This Master thesis is integrated in the study of the deep-sea fauna collected during expeditions carried out in the Porcupine Abyssal Plain and the Irish North-western Slopes. These campaigns integrate, respectively, three programs: BENGAL sponsored by the Marine Science and Technology Program (MAST III) from the EU, PROSPEC and CARACOLE coordinated by IFREMER. This work focus mainly the study of the actiniarian fauna collected in the mentioned campaigns during the years 1996 to 2001 (PROSPEC-96; BENGAL- 97/98; CARACOLE-2001), and the biogeographical approach of the deep-sea fauna of the Northeast Atlantic. This study contributes with information on: 1) new records and redescriptions of material collected in the Northeast Atlantic; 2) the variability of the used characters for the species identification; 3) the geographic and bathymetric distribution of these species; 4) the distributional analyses in the study area in relation to the environmental variables available; 5) an update of taxonomic and biogeographic data of the Arctic, North Atlantic (Northeast and North-west Atlantic, Lusitanian and Mauritanian) and Mediterranean areas; and 6) the composition and faunistic affinities in comparison to other biogeographical areas of the North Atlantic. In this context, the origin of the North Atlantic deep-sea anemones fauna is discussed.
IFREMER
18.06.05.79.01
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Bartolomeu, Ana Sofia Sebastião. "Sea level validation in MSYM model for the South China Sea." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/12010.
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Mestrado em Meteorologia e Oceanografia FísicaA região do Mar do Sul da China, e os Estreitos da Malásia e Singapura são caracterizados por um comportamento complexo da maré sob a influência dos Oceanos Pacífico e Índico, mas também devido à batimetria e geografia da região. Enquanto a maré é semidiurna no Estreito da Malásia, esta apresenta um carácter misto e diurno entre o Estreito de Singapura e o Mar do Sul da China. Para além da complexidade da região, esta é também economicamente importante e a sua navegabilidade deve ser garantida. Neste sentido, a Hidromod desenvolveu uma aplicação numérica hidrodinâmica para o Estreito da Malásia (modelo MSYM), a partir do modelo MOHID. O modelo MSYM permite, entre outos parâmetros, reproduzir o nível do mar, que necessitam de ser validados. Para a validação do modelo, as previsões são comparadas com observados (disponíveis), sendo este o principal objetivo deste trabalho. Numa primeira parte, foi feita a validação do nível do mar para seis marégrafos do GLOSS incluídos na região do Mar do Sul da China e Estreitos da Malásia e Singapura. A comparação entre observações e previsões numéricas revelou um coeficiente de correlação superior a 0.95 (considerando todas as estações) e um RMSE centrado próximo dos 10 cm nas estações localizadas no Estreito da Malásia (utilizando o domínio de maior resolução horizontal) e de 15 – 20 cm na costa Este da Malásia. Por outro lado, a região é fortemente influenciada por monções de Nordeste (entre Novembro e Março) e de Sudoeste (entre Maio e Setembro) que, atuando sobre o Mar do Sul da China tendem a gerar anomalias positivas ou negativas da maré no Estreito de Singapura, respetivamente. Para estudar este fenómeno, foi analisado o nível do mar em Tanjong Pagar (no Estreito de Singapura), identificando-se anomalias do nível do mar positivas e negativas. São exemplos o dia 25 de Dezembro, associado a uma forte intensidade do vento de Nordeste (anomalia positiva) e o dia 7 de Fevereiro relacionado com uma variação da direção do vento (anomalia negativa). Ambas as anomalias são da ordem de 30 cm e as discrepâncias entre o nível do mar observado e simulados pelo MSYM correspondem principalmente à maré residual (meteorológica). Por fim, a análise da maré em duas estações localizadas no Estreito da Malásia revelou diferenças significativas entre dados observados e previsões numéricas em maré morta, que estão associadas essencialmente à reprodução da maré astronómica pelo modelo MSYM.
The South China Sea region, and the Malacca and Singapore Straits are known for the complex behavior of their tides, which are under the influence of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, and are modified by the bathymetry and geography of the region. While the tide is semidiurnal in the Malacca Strait, in the Singapore Strait and the South China Sea the tides are mixed and diurnal. In spite of the region’s dynamic complexity, it is an economically important region, and its navigability needs to be assured. As such, Hidromod has developed a hydrodynamical numerical application for the Malacca Strait (the MSYM model) from the MOHID model. The MSYM model calculates, among other parameters, the sea level that needs to be validated. In order to validate the model, the predictions are compared with (available) observations, which is the main goal of this work. In a first part, a validation of the sea level for six GLOSS tide-gauges in the South China Sea region and the Straits of Malacca and Singapore was done. This analysis revealed a correlation coefficient between observations and predictions of over 0.95 (taking every station into account) and a RMSE centered around 10 cm in the stations in the Malacca Strait (using the domain with higher horizontal resolution), and of 15-20 cm in the East coast of Malacca. On the other hand, the region is deeply influenced by Northeast monsoons (between November and March) and by Southwest monsoons (between May and September). These act over the South China Sea and tend to induce positive or negative sea level anomalies in the Singapore Strait. In order to study this phenomenon, the sea level in Tanjong Pagar (in the Singapore Strait) was studied, and the positive and negative anomalies were identified. For example, the 25th of December is linked with a strong northeasterly wind (positive) while in the 7th of February with a shift in the wind direction there is a negative anomaly. Both anomalies are in the order of 30 cm and the differences between the observed and predictions sea levels are mainly due to the residual tide (meteorological). Finally, the tidal analysis in two stations located in the Malacca Strait has revealed significant differences between observed data and simulations, during neap tide, which are mostly associated with the reproduction of the astronomical tide by the MSYM model.
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Morrison, Isobel. "Desert To Sea: White Fantasies, Red Rivers, and The Salton Sea." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1070.
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In the middle of the California Desert is an inland desert sea, called the Salton Sea. Its existence is curious, nearly magical. It is California’s largest lake, it is saltier than the Pacific Ocean, it is slowly dying, and its existence is a complete accident. This thesis breaks down the historical narrative of the Salton Sea from a white settler perspective, using theories posed by Yi Fu Tuan about distinctions between space and place. The temporality of spatial locations, the construction of the binaries natural/built, and the moralizing of landscapes all provide further understanding of the Salton Sea’s existence. Throughout history, the white settlers of the Imperial Desert have projected, their morals and desires upon the desert landscape, reforming the space into their vision of the future as a result of their abilities to tame and control rivers. Instead of a future, they produced a place replete with the past: a place considered worthless and potentially dangerous. Through looking at the constructions of space, place, memory, and history, we are better able to understand the birth of this desert sea.
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Reddy, Tasha Elise. "Oceanography of the Ross Sea : ocean circulation, sea ice, and phytoplankton /." May be available electronically:, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Avens, Larisa I. "Homing behavior, navigation, and orientation of juvenile sea turtles." Online version in pdf format, 2003. http://www.sefsc.noaa.gov/PDFdocs/Avens%5FDissertation%5F2003.pdf.
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Cheng, Bin. "On the modelling of sea ice thermodynamics and air-ice coupling in the Bohai Sea and the Baltic Sea." Helsinki : Finnish Institute of Marine Research, 2002. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/mat/fysik/vk/cheng/.
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Kaczmarska, Anna Izabela. "Seasonal and interannual sea surface height variability in the Nordic Seas." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/336399/.
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Owen, Ellie. "The use of fatty acid signature analysis to investigate diets of North Sea seabirds." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=33428.
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Bryan, Kyle A. "Simulation of sea based logistics support of operational maneuver from the sea." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2001. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA401221.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, December2001.Thesis Advisor(s): Kang, Keebom ; Doerr, Kenneth. "December 2001." Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-80). Also available in print.
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Alonso, Arroyo Alberto. "Contributions to land, sea, and sea ice remote sensing using GNSS-reflectometry." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/404062.
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This PhD thesis researches the use of passive remote sensing techniques using signals transmitted from the navigation satellites (GNSS) in order to retrieve different geophysical parameters. The thesis consists of two different parts without taking into account the introduction, the state of the art and the conclusions. The first part analyzes the Interference Pattern Technique (IPT), which was previously used in another PhD thesis, and proposes some key improvements. First, the addition of horizontal polarization to the existing vertical polarization is proposed. Then, the retrieval of soil moisture is studied using the horizontal polarization only and combining both polarizations to correct for the surface roughness effects. It is also demonstrated that the phase difference between the two interference patterns is directly related to soil moisture content. A field campaign was conducted in Australia to test empirically all the theoretical developments and algorithms. Secondly, the possibility of measuring Significant Wave Height (SWH) and Mean Sea Surface Level (MSSL) using the IPT is studied. A three month field campaign over coastal sea is devoted to that study. The SWH retrieval is a new estimation algorithm based on measuring the point where the interference pattern loses coherence. The MSSL retrieval is based on the estimation of the IPT oscillation frequency, testing different spectral estimators to improve the accuracy. Since the IPT is limited in coverage due to its static requirements, the research conducted in this thesis migrated to scatterometric GNSS-R techniques. The main goal that migration was to increase coverage of the different GNSS-R instruments. Therefore, the second part of this thesis analyzes the applicability of a scatterometric technique from different platforms: ground-based (mobile and fixed), airborne, and spaceborne. The ground-based still platforms have allowed to develop a soil moisture retrieval algorithm. The ground-based moving platforms have extended the validity of that algorithm. Airborne platforms have been used to study the reflected electric field statistics when the surface reflecting surface is varying (smooth or rough land, and sea). They have also been used to develop different algorithms to measure the coherent and incoherent scattered components depending on the data structure (real-data or complex data). Coherent reflectivity measured from airborne platforms has been compared to other techniques such microwave radiometry, which is highly used in the soil moisture retrieval from spaceborne sensors, and other sensors using optical, multispectral and thermal frequency bands. These relationships between microwave radiometry and GNSS-R measurements suggests the potential synergy of both techniques. A sea ice detection algorithm is also developed using scatterometric GNSS-R data from the UK TDS-1 mission. This algorithm is based on measuring the degree of coherence of the reflected waveform. Finally, a field campaign was conducted to study the effect of vegetation on the GNSS signals that pass through it in order to take into account and correct the effect of vegetation in the GNSS-R data and in the soil moisture retrieval algorithms.Aquesta tesi doctoral aprofundeix en el coneixement de les tècniques de teledetecció passives utilitzant senyals emesos pels satèl·lits de navegació (GNSS) amb l'objectiu de recuperar diferents paràmetres geofísics del terreny. La tesi conté dues parts ben diferenciades a banda de la introducció, estat de l'art i conclusions. La primera part analitza la tècnica coneguda com a patró d'interferències, utilitzada prèviament en una altra tesi doctoral, i proposa certes millores per la seva aplicabilitat. En primer lloc es decideix afegir polarització horitzontal a la ja existent polarització vertical, i s'estudia la recuperació d'humitat del sòl utilitzant només polarització horitzontal i combinant les dues polaritzacions per corregir els efectes de la rugositat del terreny. A continuació es demostra que la mesura de desfasament entre els dos patrons d'interferència està directament relacionada amb la humitat del terreny. Es va realitzar una campanya de mesures a Austràlia per provar empíricament tots els desenvolupaments teòrics i algorismes proposats. En segon lloc s'analitza l'aplicabilitat del patró d'interferències en la mesura de l'altura de les onades (SWH) i del nivell del mar (MSSL), tots dos de forma precisa. L'estimació de l'alçada de les onades és un procés totalment nou basat en mesurar el punt on el patró d'interferències perd la coherència. L'estimació del nivell del mar es basa en l'anàlisi espectral del patró d'interferències provant diferents estimadors espectrals. Atès que la tècnica del patró d'interferència està limitada en cobertura per les seves característiques estàtiques, la investigació duta a terme en aquesta tesi doctoral va migrar cap a tècniques GNSS-R escateromètriques. El principal objectiu a assolir va ser el d'augmentar la cobertura dels diferents instruments GNSS-R de mesura. En conseqüència, la segona part d'aquesta tesi analitza l'aplicabilitat d'aquestes tècniques des de diferents plataformes terrestres (mòbils i fixes), aerotransportades i satèl·lit. Les plataformes terrestres fixes han permès derivar algoritmes de recuperació d'humitat i les mòbils estendre la validació d'aquests. Les plataformes aerotransportades s'han utilitzat per mirar l'estadística del camp elèctric reflectit quan la superfície on es reflecteixen els senyals GNSS va variant (terra plana o terra rugosa, i mar). També han servit per desenvolupar diferents algorismes amb l'objectiu de determinar les components coherent i incoherent del senyal reflectit. De la mateixa manera, dades de reflectivitat coherent mesurades des d'aquestes plataformes han estat comparades amb altres tècniques de teledetecció passiva com la radiometria de microones, altament utilitzada en la mesura d'humitat de terreny, i altres sensors òptics, multi-espectrals, i tèrmics. Aquests resultats han permès suggerir la possible sinergia de dades d'ambdues tecnologies. Un algorisme per detectar la presència de gel sobre el mar també ha estat desenvolupat mitjançant l'ús de dades GNSS-R escateromètriques satel·litals de la missió UK TDS-1. Aquest algorisme es basa en mesurar el grau de coherència de la forma d'ona reflectida. Finalment, s'ha realitzat un estudi de l'efecte de la vegetació en els senyals GNSS que la travessen, per tal de poder corregir aquest efecte en els algoritmes de recuperació d'humitat del terreny.
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Guo, Larsén Xiaoli. "Air-Sea Exchange of Momentum and Sensible Heat Over the Baltic Sea." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3357.
Full textAbstract:
Long term measurements are used to explore the wave impact on the momentum and sensible heat transfer in the marine atmospheric surface layer. This is important in determining the boundary conditions of atmosphere-ocean coupled models of many scales. In those models classical similarity theories developed over land are commonly used, but they have shown to be questionable over sea.
It is found that during pure wind sea conditions, the wind law, which is valid over land, is also valid over the sea. The sea surface roughness resembles that of a solid rigid surface. It scales with the surface elevation and decreases with wave age. When the sea surface is dominated by swell, wave influence is felt through the whole boundary layer. The wind profile is shown to be a function of wave state, and the classical wind law is modified when swell is present. Measurements and a wind over wave coupled model reveal that the momentum exchange depends on a combination of wind and wave condition.
The exchange of sensible heat does not show the similar dependence on the wave state as the momentum. However at strong winds when waves break, the effect of spray becomes significant, increasing the exchange coefficient considerably.
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Guo, Larsén Xiaoli. "Air-sea exchange of momentum and sensible heat over the Baltic Sea /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2003. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-5565-4/.
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