Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sea Warfare'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 35 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Sea Warfare.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Schnell, David Allan. "Stormy waters: technology, sea control and regional warfare." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/42916.
Full textThis thesis develops an object-oriented simulation model of the Computer Aided Telephone Inquiry (CATI) system currenily employed by the Defense Health Resources Study Center, which allows recipients of mailed survey questionnaires to respond to the mailed questionnaires via telephone. The simulation models system performance and the response arrival process as a transitory queuing system. The primary focus of this study is to develop a predictive decision aid for effective and efficient employment of the CATI system, while minimizing response attrition due to system overload. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to determine arrival rates which overload the system, mean service time effect on system capacity, and effects of various retry decision processes (i.e., the arrival process for respondents who fail to access the system because of system overload). Additionally, possible network optimizations designed to aid in the development of appropriate mailing strategies are discussed. As a predictive tool, the model appears to be quite accurate. Network optimization solutions for mailing strategies may achieve a significantly lower caller attrition rates than strategies which call for evenly distributed batch survey mailings.
Martin, Augustine Christopher. "The concept of mutual sea denial and commerce warfare, 1904-1914." Thesis, University of Salford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419128.
Full textMenhinick, Richard Temple. "Sea control & maritime projection for Australia maritime air power and air warfare /." Access electronically, 2003. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20040730.161702/index.html.
Full textKeller, Joe, James Ivey, Antonios Dalakos, Orhan Okan, Ryan Kuchler, Rabon Cooke, Brad Stallings, et al. ""SEA ARCHER" Distributed Aviation Platform." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/7277.
Full textThis report outlines the results of a two quarter Total Ship Systems Engineering (TSSE) Capstone design project undertaken by the students at the Naval Postgraduate School. The project was under the direction of Professors C.N. Calvano and R.Harney.
Currently, no system exists that provides a sea-based distributed aviation platform capability. The emergence of Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs) / Unmanned Combat Air Vehicles (UCAVs), the continued U.S. Navy focus on the littorals, the desire for force distribution, the need for operational cost reductions, and the advent of Network Centric Warfare (NCW) all continue to support the requirement to re-evaluate how littoral operations will be conducted in the future. Given this background, a bottom-up design of a ship supporting a primarily UAV/UCAV air wing in a low to medium threat environment is of significant interest. SEA ARCHER meets this interest. This report outlines a design that meets the future needs for distributed aviation with a high-speed, highly automated platform. Large gains in reduced manning through automated systems for both operation and damage control helpmeet the demanding needs for the future of the Navy at reduced operational costs. The report will outline both the Mission Needs Statement (MNS) and Operational Requirements Document (ORD) for the ship that was developed. The analysis of alternatives that was conducted to determine relative size requirements for the ship in presented in the next section. The concept design that resulted as a result of the Total Ship Systems Engineeing process in then presented. Finally, a detailed look at the analysis and trade studies that were conducted in presented in order to show the more detailed analysis that was conducted in designing the ship.
Seiken, Jeffrey J. "American naval policy in an age of Atlantic warfare a consensus broken and reforged, 1783-1816 /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1181667399.
Full textBentley, Scott. "China's New Maritime Legal Enforcement Strategy in the South China Sea: Legal Warfare and an Emerging Contest Over Norms at Sea." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1352918934.
Full textAmezaga, Guillermo R. "Impact of GFO satellite and ocean nowcast/forecast systems on Naval antisubmarine warfare (ASW)." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Mar%5FAmezaga.pdf.
Full textThesis Advisor(s): Peter C. Chu. Includes bibliographical references (p. 131-132). Also available online.
Beard, Noel. "The cold War at sea, from Cuba to Salt : the development of Naval warfare 1962-1972 /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arb3684.pdf.
Full textGavino, Christopher C. "Cost effectiveness analysis of the "Sea to SWOS" training initiative on the Surface Warfare Officer qualification process." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Dec%5FGavino.pdf.
Full textThesis advisor(s): William R. Gates, William D. Hatch II. Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-73). Also available online.
Doolittle, John W., and William F. Denton. "Naval Special Warfare (NSW) enlisted manning concerns key elements for successful growth and retention of enlisted personnel." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1212.
Full textThe Pentagon is planning to gradually increase the Navy's SEAL force over the next several years to meet increasing global demands. The move was authorized by the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) in a program decision memorandum (PDM) in December 2002. The PDM, which directed the growth of Special Operations Forces across the board, called on the Navy to bring the equivalent of two new SEAL Teams to the force between FY-06 and FY-08. Even though funding has been allotted to this task, there may not be enough manpower to fill these slots. Training issues coupled with retention issues have brought the growth process to a standstill. The purpose of this thesis is to identify which major variables and/or combinations of small variables need to be changed in order to increase NSW enlisted SEAL manning. The three major areas that will be looked at are recruitment, training, and retention. The focus will be to determine where NSW can do better at managing personnel in these areas. The end product will be a detailed analysis that will offer suggestions for program changes that can be implemented to increase NSW forces while raising the quality of operators at the same time.
Lieutenant Commander, United States Navy
Lieutenant, United States Navy
Thomas, Joel W. "Special forces and the art of influence a grassroots approach to psychological operations in an unconventional warfare environment." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Jun%5FThomas.pdf.
Full textRussell, Bruce. "International law at sea, economic warfare, and Britain's response to the German U-boat campaign during the First World War." Thesis, n.p, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/.
Full textBowen, Bleddyn Endaf. "Spacepower and space warfare : the continuation of terran politics by other means." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/16409b8c-27fe-44e5-8723-be570d08806f.
Full textMogensen, Erik. "Det asymmetriska sjökriget - behov av nya teorier eller nyansering av befintliga?" Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-6812.
Full textBertolino, Lawrence G. "The effect of a U.S. Navy reduction in forces on the career path of Surface Warfare Officers progressing to Command at Sea." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA238852.
Full textThesis Advisor(s): Milch, P. R. Second Reader: Bloch, P. S. "September 1990." Description based on title screen viewed on December 16, 2009. DTIC Descriptor(s): Careers, billets(personnel), military commanders, models, naval personnel, distribution, navy, paths, theses, reduction, billets(materials), mathematical prediction, naval warfare, travel, officer personnel, promotion(advancement), Markov processes, warfare, executive routines, steady state, transients. DTIC Identifier(s): Reduction in force. Author(s) subject terms: SWO career path, command opportunity, FORECASTER model. Includes bibliographical references (p. 57). Also available in print.
Koske, Daniel [Verfasser], Reinhold [Akademischer Betreuer] Hanel, and Eric [Gutachter] Achterberg. "Dumped munitions : Effects, metabolism and detection of explosive compounds and chemical warfare agent-related chemicals in fish from the Baltic Sea / Daniel Koske ; Gutachter: Eric Achterberg ; Betreuer: Reinhold Hanel." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1221599771/34.
Full textNobel, Carl. "There is but one art, and that is the tactics of the combined arms." Thesis, Swedish National Defence College, Swedish National Defence College, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-44.
Full textDe svenska sjöoperativa helikoptersystemen såg sitt ljus för första gången på 1950-talet. Sedan denna pionjärålder har dessa system varit en del av den svenska marina krigföringen. Men vilken påverkan har de i realiteten haft på denna krigföring och hur har den svenska taktiken påverkats av helikoptersystemen? Syftet med denna uppsats är att är utröna detta genom att belysa tre årtionden som har varit av stor vikt för det svenska marinflyget: 1960-talet, 1980-talet samt 2000-talet.
För att lättare påvisa vilken effekt dessa system har haft på den svenska marina krigföringen så utgår denna uppsats ur den teori som inom krigsvetenskapen kallas för kombinerad bekämpning. Denna teori behandlar de fenomen och fördelar som uppstår då flera vapensystem och/eller vapenslag kombineras för att uppnå en synergieffekt på slagfältet. Vinsten med denna synergieffekt är att befälhavaren lättare kan behålla initiativet och har fler valmöjligheter vid bekämpandet av en fiende. De egna sidans styrka skall i största möjliga mån ställas mot fiendens svagheter.
Uppsatsen visar på att under de specifika årtiondena har de sjöoperativa helikoptersystemen haft en stor betydelse för den svenska marina krigföringen och då framförallt inom området ubåtsjakt. Resultatet av studien visar vidare på att den påverkan som dessa system har haft på krigföringen varierar mellan de olika årtiondena med 1980-talet som de årtionde där påverkan har varit som störst. Tongivande för uppsatsen har varit den ubåtsjakt som bedrivits under de specifika årtiondena men den studie som genomförts i uppsatsen har även belyst andra områden som de sjöoperativa helikoptrarna har påverkat såsom transport, havsövervakning och ytmålspaning. Dock har påverkan här visat sig vara mindre än inom området ubåtsjakt.
The purpose of this study is to examine to what extent the Royal Swedish Navy Fleet Air Arm (RSNFAA), and more specifically the helicopters assigned to this weapons branch, has effected Swedish naval warfare tactics during three separate decades: namely the 1960´s 1980´s and 2000´s.
The study takes its starting point in the theories that war science referrers to as combined arms.
The characteristics of the combined arms theory are to combine different weapon systems and weapon branches to conquer the enemy by attacking his weak spots. By combining weapon systems the commander in question will minimize his own weaknesses on the battlefield and therefore gain the upper hand on the enemy.
This theory gives a good theoretical view when analyzing which impact the Sea based operations- helicopters (SBO) have had during the specific decades that are being examined due to its ability to be applied on both land and naval forces.
Literature on the combined arms theory as well as historical documents over these three decades constitutes the main sources which have been used to carry out the study.
The result of the study shows that the implementing SBO-helicopters in the Swedish naval warfare tactics have had a major effect and more specifically in the AntiSubmarine Warfare (ASuW) area.
Coke, Hartwell F. "Route survey periodicity for mine warfare." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Sep/09Sep_Coke.pdf.
Full textThesis Advisor(s): Chu, Peter. "September 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 5, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Mine Warfare, periodicity, route survey, oceanographic, key parameters, resurvey integration model, survey model. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-56). Also available in print.
Lopez, Abdel I. "A model for future Naval Surface Warfare officer detailing." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2001. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2001/Sep/01Sep_Lopez.pdf.
Full textThesis advisors: Jansen, Erik ; Gallup, Shelly. "September 2001." Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-92). Also available online.
McNabb, Marcus E. "Optimizing the routher configurations within a nominal Air Force base." Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Sep/09Sep%5FMcNabb.pdf.
Full textThesis Advisor(s): Elliott, Ray ; Rasmussen, Craig. "September 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 5, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Network Architecture; Graph Theory; Spanning Tree; Network Security Includes bibliographical references (p. 45). Also available in print.
Grbavac, Marko. "En studie om det tyska ubåtsvapnets agerande under slaget om Atlanten : ställt i förhållande till Sir Julian Corbetts teorier om sjökrigföring." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-4868.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to examine whether the German submarine warfare during the World War II used the principles of maritime strategy described by Sir Julian Corbett during the early 1900s. The Battle of the Atlantic will be used as an empirical case to test Corbett’s theories. The issue addressed in this report: What similarities and/or differences exist between Sir Julian Corbett’s maritime strategy and the German submarine actions during the Battle of the Atlantic? The method used for this study is a comparative method and the Battle of the Atlantic is studied as a case. The result shows that there are some similarities but also differences between the German submarine warfare and Corbett's theories. Corbett believes that the purpose of all naval warfare is to always directly or indirectly secure a sea command or to prevent the opponent from securing it. The German submarine force never tried to establish a sea command but chose to deny the British Navy and establishment of one. They did this by Corbett methods fleet in being, minor counter attacks and attack of trade. The results show a difference in the approach regarding maritime war. Corbett believes that the most effective approach is to attack the enemy's harbour and terminals while the German submarine force conducted maritime war on the high seas with good results.
Scherer, Scott D. "Game-Theoretic Anti-Submarine Warfare Mission Planner (heuristic-based, fully Excel capable)." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Sep/09Sep%5FScherer.pdf.
Full textThesis Advisor(s): Brown, Gerald G. "September 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 5, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Optimization, Mathematical Programming, Heuristic Algorithms, Network Flows, Anti-Submarine Warfare, Search and Detection, Game Theory. Includes bibliographical references (p. 53). Also available in print.
Fitzpatrick, Christian R. "Integration of robotics and 3D visualization to modernize the Expeditionary Warfare Demonstrator (EWD)." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Sep/09Sep%5FFitzpatrick.pdf.
Full textThesis Advisor(s): Brutzman, Don ; Sadagic, Amela. "September 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 10, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Battlespace Visualization, SunSPOT, X3D Earth, Amphibious Operations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 165-169). Also available in print.
Heidt, Sarah L. "Long-range atmosphere-ocean forecasting in support of undersea warfare operations in the western north Pacific." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Sep/09Sep%5FHeidt.pdf.
Full textThesis Advisor(s): Murphree, Tom ; Stone, Rebecca E. "September 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 10, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Sonic Layer Depth, Undersea Warfare, USW, Military Operations, Planning Timeframe, Anti-Submarine Warfare, ASW Western North Pacific, Climate, Climatology, Climate Analysis, Climate Prediction, Smart Climatology, Conditional Climatology, Long-range Forecast, Statistical Forecast, Simple Ocean Data Assimilation, SODA, Meteorology, Oceanography Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-73). Also available in print.
Swartz, Jeffrey R. "Biological toxin warfare : threat, proliferation, and the effects of neutron energy on BTW agents /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/1995/Sep/95Sep_Swartz.pdf.
Full text"September 1995." Thesis advisor(s): K.E. Woehler, Peter Lavoy. Bibliography: p. 73-74. Also available online.
Wheatley, Nicola S. "Determining route survey periodicity for mine warfare investigation of bedforms, waves, tides and currents." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Sep/09Sep%5FWheatley.pdf.
Full textThesis Advisor(s): Chu, Peter. "September 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 5, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Mine Warfare, Route Survey, Bedforms, Waves, Tides, Currents, Survey Periodicity, Sediment Transport, Sediment Dynamics, Bathymetry, GIS, Weighted Suitability Model, San Francisco Bay. Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-102). Also available in print.
Schulte, John C. "An analysis of the historical effectiveness of anti-ship cruise missiles in littoral warfare." Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/1994/Sep/94Sep%5FSchulte.pdf.
Full textThesis Advisor(s): Hughes, Wayne P. "September 1994." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 30, 2009. DTIC Descriptor(s): Cruise Missiles, Antiship Missiles, Mathematical Models, Data Processing, Combat Effectiveness, Kill Probabilities, Survivability, Vulnerability, Theses, Naval Warfare, Statistical Analysis, Naval Vessels(Combatant), Hit Probabilities, Salvos. Author(s) subject terms: Littoral warfare, Anti-ship cruise missiles, Warship staying power, Ship vulnerability, Survivability. Includes bibliographical references (p. 41-44). Also available in print.
ABBIATI, MICHELE. "L'ESERCITO ITALIANO E LA CONQUISTA DELLA CATALOGNA (1808-1811).UNO STUDIO DI MILITARY EFFECTIVENESS NELL'EUROPA NAPOLEONICA." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/491761.
Full textThe Italian Army and the Conquest of Catalonia (1808-1811) A Study of Military Effectiveness in Napoleonic Europe Academic Fields and Disciplines SPS/03 – M-STO/02 The research has the purpose of reconstruct and evaluate the military effectiveness of the Italian Army existed under the reign of Napoleon I. Firstly through a statistic and strategic analysis of the development, and the following deployment, of the military institution of the Kingdom of Italy in the years of its existence (1805-14). Afterwards, a particularly significant case study was chosen, as the campaign of Catalonia (1808-11, in the context of the Peninsular War), in order to assess the operational and tactical contribution of the regiments sent by the Government of Milan and their integration in the overall military apparatus of the First Empire. The thesis wanted to respond to the lack of studies on the Italian army’s behavior in war and, at the same time, to introduce the methodology of the Military Effectiveness Studies (of British and American origin and, by now, enriched by a thirty-year old tradition) in the Italian historiography. The research is primarily based, besides the numerous memoirs of the Italian and French veterans, on the archive documentation of the Secrétairerie d’état impériale (Archives Nationales of Pierrefitte-sur-Seine, Paris), of the French Ministère de la Guerre (Service historique de la Défence, of Vincennes, Paris) and of the Italian Ministero della Guerra (Archivio di Stato di Milano). About the results, it has been verified how the Italian army has become a flexible and suitable instrument for Bonaparte, albeit in a context of substantial overall numerical marginality in comparison to the heterogeneous forces available to the Empire and its others satellites and allied states. Regarding the campaign of Catalonia, instead, it was possible to ascertain the fundamental contribution of the Italian regiments, in an operational and tactical perspective, for the success of the invasion. This was primarily due to the excellent general characteristics shown by the expeditionary force, but also to disciplinary and organizational peculiarities that have made the Italian corps suitable for particularly aggressive operations.
Steén, Linus. "Principen om marin överraskning i princip." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-7581.
Full textHolwitt, Joel Ira. ""Execute against Japan" freedom-of-the-seas, the U.S. Navy, fleet submarines, and the U.S. decision to conduct unrestricted warfare, 1919-1941 /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1127506553.
Full textSearle, Rebecca K. "Art, propaganda and the experience of aerial warfare in Britain during the Second World War." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/6919/.
Full textEdge, Shaun Joseph. "The growing role of Special Forces in modern warfare with specific reference to the United States of America." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27310.
Full textDissertation (MSS)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Political Sciences
unrestricted
Searle, Deane. "Low Intensity Conflict: Contemporary Approaches and Strategic Thinking." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2591.
Full textTannous, Wilfrid. "Lo primer mariner fou savi mercader : la naissance d’une profession plurielle : essai de socio-histoire des marins de Majorque (1229 - ca. 1440)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2022. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2022/tannous_wilfrid_2022_ED519.pdf.
Full textThis thesis is a socio-historical essay about the plural profession of mariner in the kingdom of Majorca over the long term, from the conquest of the island by James I of Aragon in 1229 to Majorcan support for the conquest of the kingdom of Naples by Alfonso V the Magnanimous in the 1440s. The substitution of the notion of "professional of the sea" for that of "seaman", used in historiography, allows for a more precise observation of these men, discerning for each of them, synchronously and diachronically thanks to the reconstitution of individual trajectories, naval skills and activities, functions on board, and social status on land, in a medieval context where legal status, from aristocrats to slaves, occupied a central place in the identification of individuals and in the hierarchisation of Majorcan society. In three main successive parts, the articulated and interdependent study of the practical, institutional and social dimensions of this professionalisation thus offers multiple lived realities, individually and collectively, both at sea and on land, which go beyond the simple normative framework presented in the different sea customs, professional collectives and maritime jurisdictions in force in the Kingdom of Majorca
Chang, Ching-Fui, and 張進福. "Feasibility Studies on the Use of Sea Water for Preparation of Decontamination Agent for Combating Chemical Warfare Agents." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43369459080361067804.
Full text元智大學
化學工程學系
93
表2-1 神經性毒劑主要物理性質 6 表2-2 神經性毒劑對人的毒性 8 表2-3芥子氣、路易氏劑及氮芥氣的主要物理性質 11 表2-4 液滴態糜爛性毒劑對人的皮膚毒性 12 表2-5 芥子氣不同途徑的毒性 13 表2-6 氫氰酸和氯化氰的主要物理性質 14 表2-7 氫氰酸和氯化氰吸入毒性 15 表2-8 光氣、雙光氣主要物理性質 17 表2-9 光氣對人的毒性 18 表2-10 雙光氣對人的毒性 18 表2-11 刺激性毒劑的主要理化性質 20 表2-12 刺激性毒劑對人的毒性 21 表3-1 海水與河水離子成份比較表 28 表3-2 直讀式儀器各項測定值 34 表3-3 有效氯滴定程序及滴定時的顏色變化 37 表3-4 有效氯的滴定結果 38 表3-5 氣相分析儀儀器操作條件 41 表3-6 氣相分析儀溫控條件 41 表3-7 植物生長影響測試實驗步驟 49 表4-1不同基質調製的消除藥劑與不同濃度間的比例關係表 57 表4-2 經過168小時後,植物之生長情形 62 摘 要 本研究選用目前軍方現役消除劑:STB耐熱漂白粉與八二式消除劑,以海水與淡水調製後,對巴拉松進行化學消除測試、生物消除測試和植物生長影響測試,比較消除效能,並進行動力學推估。 化學消除測試是以濃度為100mg/L的巴拉松,與淡水和海水調製的消除劑反應,以了解消除效能的差異。生物消除測試是以淡水和海水調製的消除劑,對總菌落數為9920 CFU/ml之廢水進行消除,取樣進行總生菌數培養,驗證STB耐熱漂白粉和八二式消除劑的生物消除效能。植物生長影響測試則是以淡水和海水調製成濃度5000mg/L的消除劑,使用噴灑器均勻噴灑在固定面積的自然植披,168小時後,觀察消除藥劑對自然植披的影響。 化學消除測試的結果顯示,用海水調製國軍制式化學戰劑消除劑,其對化學戰劑的消除效能雖然會比淡水調製時稍差;但是還是可達到60﹪以上的消除效率。因為海水中的陽離子會與消除劑釋放的氯離子結合,形成鹽類,影響消除劑對化學戰劑的消除效能,減低消除劑的消除效果;所以若要提高消除效率,可用增加消除劑濃度的方法來解決;達到消除的目的。 生物消除實驗的結果顯示,不論是以海水或淡水為基質,濃度同為0.5ppm以上時,兩者的消除效率均趨近於100﹪。 由植物生長影響測試的結果顯示,以海水基質調製的消除劑對實驗區的植物生長影響較明顯。 綜合化學消除測試、生物消除測試與植物生長影響測試等三種測試結果再加上消除劑本身性質的特性,可以歸納出最佳消除藥劑與基質的搭配是八二式消除劑與淡水;顯示出八二式消除劑的性能遠優於STB耐熱漂白粉。所以經由實驗結果顯示:以海水為基質調製化學戰劑消除劑是確實可行的。 Abstract This research is to utilize fresh and sea water in preparing two decontamination agents (Super tropical bleach or STB and Type 82) which are currently used in the military. Research emphasis focuses on using these agents for decomposing parathion and for killing the bacteria in the water. The effect of the prepared agent on the grass growth is also considered. For all tests, stock solution of 100 mg/l parathion and pond water containing 9920 CFU/ml bacterial count were prepared. l tests. The test results on decontaminating chemical warfare agent (parathion) indicated that the decontamination agent prepared with sea water has been less effective than that prepared with fresh water. Still a decontamination efficiency of above 60% could be achieved for a decontamination agent of 10,000 mg/l. The reason for the reduced effectiveness of the former was apparently due to that the variuos cationic ions present in the sea water partially combine the chloride of the agent, resulting in formation of complex salts. However, the decontamination efficiency can be considerably elevated by using a decontamination agent with much higher concentration beyond 10,000 mg/l, as generally practiced in the military applications. For killing the bacteria, 0.5 mg/l decontamination agents prepared with fresh or sea water had a decontamination efficiency of nearly 100%. The effect of decontamination agent on the grass growth was found to be significant only for the one prepared with sea water. However, this effect of decontamination agent on the grass growth was found to disappear naturally in about one month after its application. Observation from all the test results reveals that freshwater is still the better medium for preparing the decontamination agent using STB or Type 82. The counterparts prepared with sea water were observed to be slightly less effective in decontaminating parathion. However, the reduced effectiveness can be more than compensated by elevating the agent concentration. It is hence concluded that the decontamination agents prepared with sea water is highly feasible and practical in the field applications.