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Marsetio, Marsetio. "Indonesian Sea Power and Regional Maritime Security Challenges." Journal of Maritime Studies and National Integration 1, no. 1 (July 23, 2017): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmsni.v1i1.1369.
The main objective of this paper is to examine the regional maritime security challenges facing Indonesia. As it is known that entering to the 21st century has come a new term in regional architecture in the Asia-Pacific region, namely the Indo-Pacific region. This region consists of the Indian Ocean and Pacific. Both of these areas became more interconnected than in the previous period. These two regions became a single, significant system in the global order. Key players in the Indo-Pacific region are China, India and the United States. Of course, their actions have created new challenges in maritime security. These challenges include maritime disputes, pirates, and maritime power competition. The dispute in the South China Sea has spawned a security problem in the Asia Pacific region that Indonesia must face in the future.
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Danastri, Hardhana. "The Rising Dragon and The Defending Eagle: Understanding the Geopolitical Rivalry between U.S. - China in South China Sea." Journal of International Studies on Energy Affairs 1, no. 1 (June 29, 2020): 28–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.51413/jisea.vol1.iss1.2020.28-42.
This paper aims to understand the geopolitical rivalry between the long-standing great power U.S. and the world’s emerging economic power China, particularly their rivalry within contested South China Sea. This article conducted qualitative methods to produce in depth analysis towards the phenomenon. One question is at stake which is what both powers want in South China Sea. The answer raises an additional inquiry; what kind of significances that South China Sea promises for either U.S. or China? This article argues that U.S. and China both strive for control over the territory. To answer the latter question, this paper is using a geopolitical approach, emphasizing on the lines of communication and centers of resources that South China Sea offers. This paper also argues that China’s geopolitical objective is intended to strengthen their regional hegemony, ultimately global pre-eminence in the long-term. Meanwhile, U.S. seeks to re-assert their power in the region and to rebalance their rising power.
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Widian, Rizky, and Arimadona Arimadona. "Cooperation & Security Dilemma In The South China Sea." Jurnal Global Strategis 12, no. 2 (November 30, 2018): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jgs.12.2.2018.91-106.
This article will talk about security dilemma and offense-defense balance in the South China Sea. The rising of China’s power in the South China Sea that facilitate the process security dilemma makes cooperation between claimant countries become more difficult. Regarding this matter, it’s important to explain why cooperation in the area is difficult in the midst of many literatures that advocated cooperation as the tools for conflict management in the South China Sea. In order to form an ideal explanation, this article will refer to the concepts of security dilemma and offense-defense balance by Robert Jervis. The data in this article will be explored using qualitative research method of literature review to illustrate the distribution of power in the region. Through the data exploration, this article found that China’s offensive power in the South China Sea is large enough to cause the sense insecurity and security dilemma. Thus, this article argue that the security dilemma caused by China’s offensive power capability in the South China Sea is the main the reason that inhibiting cooperation between claimant states.
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Mitchell, Martin D. "The South China Sea: A Geopolitical Analysis." Journal of Geography and Geology 8, no. 3 (August 19, 2016): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jgg.v8n3p14.
Since 1945 the South China Sea and the western Pacific has functioned as an uncontested global common patrolled by overwhelming U.S. naval and air power projected from a series of peripheral and over the horizon bases. The dramatic rise of China alters this situation and has transformed the South China Sea into a frontier of control as China seeks to morph this maritime theater into a landward extension of the Chinese coast where it can deploy land-based tactics into an arena previously dominated by maritime power and tactics to secure the South China Sea as a de facto territorial water that serves multiple Chinese strategic interests. Hence, the attempt by a land-based Eurasian power (China) to carve a permanent bridgehead into Spykman’s Eurasian maritime periphery. Against, this trend the United States has countered with President Obama’s Asian Pivot. However, the implementation of the Asian Pivot is limited by several post Cold War developments and certain constraints inherent in the geographic setting of the South China Sea. Beyond the South China Sea, the geographic setting favors the U.S. and its allies. Consequently, American options acting singly or in coalition with other nations, most notably Japan and Australia, remain more flexible and able to serve as a long term counterweight to Chinese force projection capabilities into the western Pacific proper.
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Sherazi, Tatheer Zahra, Arif Khan, and Hashmat Ullah Khan. "Great Water Wall in South China Sea: Maritime Designs of China under Mahan’s Theory of Sea Power." Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) 4, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 278–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/4.2.22.
Seas play a vital role in shaping and reshaping the course of global politics, from developing empires to new global orders. Virtually 80 percent of China’s trade resources passes through the Seas and mostly by South China Sea, so it has initiated developments in South China Sea, from building artificial island, light houses to air strips to secure its trade routes. The aim of the study is to clarify the assumptions that China is building a ‘sand wall’ or ‘water wall’ like great wall to secure its maritime trade. Descriptive, analytical approach has been adopted to study the marvel; Mahan’s theory of Sea power has been applied to quantify the developments made by China. It concludes that China is striving for naval supremacy as per Mahan’s theory along with synthesis of Mao’s ‘Active Defence’. Hence Peaceful and integrated strategies are required to minimize the implications of disruption of seaborne trade.
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Robertua, Verdinand, and Obsatar Sinaga. "Indonesia in the South China Sea Dispute: Humble-Hard Power." Jurnal Global & Strategis 11, no. 2 (January 12, 2018): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jgs.11.2.2017.73-83.
This research discussed the opportunities for Indonesia to act as humble-hard power in South China Sea dispute. Permanent Court of Arbitration’s decision in July 2016 to give South China Sea based on UNCLOS’s regulation has provoked China’s objection. This research question is on how to understand the conception of humble-hard power and the possibility for Indonesia to be humble-hard power in the South China Sea dispute? This article borrowed the concept of humble-hard power from Adam Nieves Johnson. This research shows two findings. First, the recent victory of the Philippines’ case in the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) should be opportunities for Indonesia to play his role as humble-hard power. Secondly, following the announcement of the ruling, there were already signs that the Chinese government was looking for more detailed the implementation of humble-hard power with Indonesia.
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Hidayat, Syafril. "Japan’s Renaissance and Its Effect to ASEAN." JAS (Journal of ASEAN Studies) 2, no. 1 (July 31, 2014): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/jas.v2i1.83.
Japan has developed a new security policy against China in East China Sea, which has increased tension in that region. Japan’s new leadership under Shinzo Abe, who has conservative political view, has unbeatable policy against China’s hegemony. Abe revised Japan Self-Defence Forces role in the Japanese Constitution by making critical amendments on particular articles, which should be seen as Japan’s bargaining power against China. The two major powers in East China Sea can be seen as security dilemma of other states. Pursuit of power and hegemony will influence other major actors in the global world system and also small states. Japan’s new security policy is as a renaissance of Japan’s hegemony or pursuit of power in East China Sea. By using bargaining model of war, Japan’s security policy will determine overall situation in South China Sea or particularly in East China Sea: whether it will remain of high threat or balance of threat rather than balance of power, or it will face possible conflict in the future.
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Clark, Hugh R., and Gang Deng. "Maritime Sector, Institutions, and Sea Power of Premodern China." American Historical Review 106, no. 3 (June 2001): 956. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2692366.
Forbes, Andrew. "China and Sea Power in the Twenty-First Century." International Journal of Maritime History 23, no. 1 (June 2011): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/084387141102300119.
Han, David Guo Xiong. "China’s Normative Power in Managing South China Sea Disputes." Chinese Journal of International Politics 10, no. 3 (2017): 269–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cjip/pox002.
Dumlao, Roberto C. "China's maritime silk road to oil : influence in the Middle East through naval modernization." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Jun%5FDumlao.pdf.
Small, Page E. "China's naval modernization and implications for the South China Sea." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Dec%5FSmall.pdf.
Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2002. Thesis advisor(s): H. Lyman Miller, Randall J. Hess. Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-75). Also available online.
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Lee, Jae-hyung. "China and the Asia-Pacific region : geostrategic relations and a return to a naval dimension." Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl4782.pdf.
Bibliography: leaves 285-314. Introduction -- Ch. 1. Sea power and the world -- Ch. 2. Chinese sea power and the century of humiliation -- Ch. 3. China's emerging sea power in the PRC period -- Ch. 4. China's expanding maritime sphere of influence int he Western Pacific and the Indian Ocean -- Ch. 5. Southeast Asia: gateway to China's maritime expansion -- Ch. 6. Russia and India: China's immediate competitors -- Ch. 7. Japan and the Republic of Korea (ROK): China's competitive neighbours -- Ch. 8. The United States: China's strategic competitor -- Conclusion "The thesis examines China's geostrategic relations with Asia-Pacific countries with special reference to its naval ambitions toward the region. The thesis concentrates especially on the People's Republic of China (PRC)'s apparent intention to expand its maritime influence into the Western Pacific and the Indian Ocean by putting pressure on the security of sea lines of communication (SLOCs) from the Gulf to the nations of East Asia via the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal, the Straits of Malacca and Singapore, the South China Sea, and the Taiwan Strait." -- ABSTRACT
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Lundqvist, Stefan. "Continuity and Change in post-Cold War Maritime Security : A Study of the Strategies Pursued by the US, Sweden and Finland 1991-2016." Doctoral thesis, Försvarshögskolan, Marinsektionen (Marin), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-7140.
What explains continuity and change in post-Cold War maritime security strategies? What lessons can we learn from the employment of such comprehensive grand strategies in maritime regions where traditional and non-traditional threats converge? While many scholars have addressed particular maritime security issues, this author joins the few who engage themselves in the study of the conceptual development of maritime security. Through the lens of structural realism, this thesis examines the logic of the maritime security strategies employed in two distinguished regions by the US and EU member states Finland and Sweden. It concludes that while their maritime security concept remains broad, the recent increase in security pressure has renewed the priority assigned to the military sector of security. Navies are thus re-using the measures implemented by a broad set of civil agencies and the shipping industry to improve maritime security, to gain the level of maritime domain awareness required for establishing regional sea control and project power from the sea. Vad förklarar kontinuitet och förändring i staters maritima säkerhetsstrategier efter det kalla krigets slut? Vilka lärdomar kan vi dra av deras implementering av allomfattande säkerhetsstrategier i maritima regioner där traditionella och icke-traditionella hot sammanfaller? Medan många forskare valt att fokusera på specifika maritima säkerhetsproblem som piratverksamhet, terrorism eller smuggling av droger och människor, förenar denna avhandlings författare sig med det fåtal som engagerat sig i studiet av begreppet maritim säkerhets konceptuella utveckling. Genom en teoretisk lins av strukturell realism undersöker författaren av denna avhandling logiken bakom de maritima säkerhetsstrategier som implementerats av USA respektive EU-länderna Finland och Sverige i Ost- och Sydostasien samt i Östersjön. I avhandlingen dras slutsatsen att medan dessa staters maritima säkerhetskoncept permanent breddats till att omfatta hot inom olika säkerhetssektorer, innebär de senaste årens ökade säkerhetstryck att hot inom den militära säkerhetssektorn åter prioriteras. De undersökta staternas marinstridskrafter drar därmed nytta av den mångfald av maritima säkerhetsåtgärder som implementerats av civila myndigheter och sjöfartsindustrin i syfte att förbättra maritim säkerhet för handelssjöfart, främja miljöskydd och möjliggöra exploatering av maritima naturresurser, till att upprätta militär kontroll över viktiga havsområden samt projicera militär makt från havet.
Docent Steve Lindberg utgjorde min handledare vid Åbo Akademi till och med sin pensionering år 2016.
Professor Göran Djupsund utgjorde min handledare vid Åbo Akademi från och med 2016.
Professor Jerker Widén utgjorde min utsedde biträdande handledare vid Försvarshögskolan.
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Hsueh-jen, Lu, and 呂學仁. "Expansion of Communist China''s Sea power." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65636216990315141352.
碩士 淡江大學 國際事務與戰略研究所 82 In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the body of
this thesis is composed of five chapters:analysis of Mahan''''s
theory; evaluation of the conditions for Communist China''''s
sea power development;Communist China''''s externally-oriented
economy and its seas; the expansion of Communist China''''s navy;
a look at Communist China''''s sea power expansion by adopting
Mahan''''s theory. The paper is sequentially developed by
focusing on the two core dimensions of“use of the sea” and“
control of the sea”, and goes on to explain how the two
aspects are complementary and mutually supporting. The
externally-oriented economy of Communist China will influence
all aspects of Communist China''''s economy. In addition, the rise
of the leadership in mainland China that favor the expansion of
“sea power”will strive to protect the country''''s sea rights,
and to establish its regional supremacy by threatening the Asia-
Pacific countries. Sea power originated with trade. If
Communist China is going to develop its economy through trade,
then it must first reform its present economic system. The
necessary economic changes will also involve the political
system. Since the Communist China is placing economic
construction at the core of its long-term national strategy,
then the real focus should be the changes to be made in its
economic－ political system.
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Huang, Jing-Jhe, and 黃敬哲. "Interpretative Analysis of Sea Power Concept：Observation of U.S. Think Tank on the Expansion of China Sea Power." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74354006029395806449.
碩士 淡江大學 國際事務與戰略研究所碩士班 103 In the classical theories, the development of the concept of sea power is not limited to the scope of naval tactics. Due to globalization, sea power issues tend to be more diversified. This paper contains not only historical induction, but uses the statistic method to explore the concept of modern sea power through literature. Because the influence of the famous sea power theory made by American strategist Mahan, Sea Power and the Rise and Fall of great powers often be linked. According to the classical theories, most of people think that sea power issues are closely related to the rise and fall of great powers in the case of the competition of modern Sino-US sea power. However, this paper finds that it is not the truth, but rather a construction of the epistemology. Ignoring the technical conditions change, the classical theories are difficult to predict the outcome of the war, but it does have a great influence on the international political landscape. Although the guiding ideology of an arms race does not ensure the success of the actual naval, and naval warfare may not doing more on rise and fall of great power. But as different aspects of sea power theory still has the common ground between arm races and actual naval battle is the psychological pressure which is exerted to change behaviors of each powers. Through the interpretation of American scholars’ perspectives on the expansion of China sea power, this paper tries to understand the modern sea power structure and to find out that ocean surveillance is a worlable strategic factor under globalization and technological progress.
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Huang, Yung-Hsiang, and 黃雍翔. "Analysis of the Influence in Asia Marine Security under China Strengthening Her Sea Power at South China Sea." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95149681096614169730.
碩士 國立臺灣海洋大學 海洋事務與資源管理研究所 102 China's naval modernization, strengthening the construction of ocean affairs are getting actively, involved regional organizations are getting active and as the development strategy of South China Sea as a key point. The purpose of China’s marine strategy based on the principle of “safeguarding sovereignty, shelving disputes and seeking joint development”, use flexible and pragmatic approach device try to reduce the dispute of territory and territorial waters, as peaceful development as goal. Taiwan as one of the claimants of South China Sea, facing the sea power extended from China, need to find prevention strategies then participate in South China Sea sustained. After UNCLOS (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea) promulgate, Dispute coming under coastal countries in the world develop maritime territory. South China Sea is important on navigation and strategic, sea power extended in South China Sea by claimants cause its become one of the most sensitive areas in Asia, the China’s strategy is an key factor to affecting the international security situation in the future. By reviewing the China’s historical strategies, operations and ambition of sea power in South China Sea and analyzed the influence.
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Huang, Chung Chiang, and 黃江圳. "The Research of the South China Sea Dispute REsoultion Approaches --The Analysis of Communis China''s Sea Power Expansion." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72513175259812872932.
碩士 國立中山大學 政治學研究所 98 Abstract
This thesis is mainly to analyze China’s development of sea power. There is always entangled relationship between the sea power and the national power. After the reforming and opening-up policy, China begin the development of sea power strategy, The motivation is to safeguard the interests of their national development and security. The economic development and demand for petroleum import. Since China’s positively increased its maritime activities, and it will make huge impact to Asian-Pacific area.
Keywords: Sea Power, reforming and opening-up policy, sea power strategy
An, Yingmin. Nan Hai an quan zhan lüe yu qiang hua hai yang xing zheng guan li: Security strategy in the South China Sea and strengthen the administrative management of marine. 8th ed. Beijing: Zhongguo jing ji chu ban she, 2012.
Antony, Robert J. Elusive pirates, pervasive smugglers: Violence and clandestine trade in the Greater China Seas. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2010.
Sakhuja, Vijay. Asian maritime power in the 21st century: Strategic transactions : China, India, and Southeast Asia. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2011.
Khurana, Gurpreet S., and Kamlesh K. Agnihotri. Maritime power building: New 'mantra' for China's rise. Edited by National Maritime Foundation (New Delhi, India). New Delhi: Pentagon Press, 2015.
Zhongguo hai yang fa zhan yan jiu zhong xin. Zhongguo hai yang fa zhan yan jiu wen ji: A collection of China marine affairs studies. 8th ed. Beijing: Hai yang chu ban she, 2013.
Erickson, Andrew S. China, the United States, and 21st-century sea power: Defining a maritime security partnership. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2008.
Hsiung, James C. "Sea Power, Law of the Sea, and a Sino-Japanese East China Sea “Resource War”." In China and Japan at Odds, 133–53. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230607118_8.
Beeson, Mark. "East Asia’s institutional inadequacies and great power rivalry in the South China Sea." In US-China Competition and the South China Sea Disputes, 134–50. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Politics in Asia series: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351214308-9.
Zheng, Chongwei, Chongyin Li, Hailang Wu, and Min Wang. "Feasibility of Wind Power and Wave Power Generation in the South China Sea." In Springer Oceanography, 73–89. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8114-9_6.
Li, Rex. "China’s Sea Power Aspirations and Strategic Behaviour in the South China Sea from the Theoretical Perspective of Identity Construction." In Global Power Shift, 117–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26152-2_6.
Hellendorff, Bruno. "‘Coopetition’ and Risk Tolerance in the South China Sea: Indonesia and Malaysia’s Middle Power Strategies." In Global Power Shift, 289–317. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26152-2_14.
Tang, Chih-Mao. "Power, international law, and the Philippine hedging strategy in the South China Sea." In Maritime and Territorial Disputes in the South China Sea, 91–115. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021. |: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003035855-5.
Turcsányi, Richard Q. "Contradiction of Strategic Goals as a Major Constrain of Chinese Power in the South China Sea." In Global Power Shift, 173–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26152-2_9.
Yeoh, Emile Kok-Kheng. "Nationalism, Historical Consciousness and Regional Stability: Rising China as a Regional Power and Its New Assertiveness in the South China Sea." In Interpreting China as a Regional and Global Power, 191–215. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137450302_11.
Sitaraman, Srini. "Rising Chinese Power and Territorial Assertiveness in the South China Sea: India-Vietnam Strategic Partnership as a Counterbalancing Endeavor." In Global Power Shift, 403–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26152-2_19.
Hancock, James F. "Golden age of Byzantium." In Spices, scents and silk: catalysts of world trade, 122–34. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249743.0010.
Abstract This chapter discusses the reign of the Eastern Roman Empire as well as the state of the international trade during its golden era. It consists of thirteen subchapters which are about the Shift of Roman Power, the rule of Constantine, the drastic transition of world trade after the fall of the West Roman Empire, the exotic luxuries of Byzantium, the golden age of the Eastern Roman Empire under Justinian, Byzantine attitudes about trade. Trade in the Byzantine world was highly regulated by the state, the empire was essentially a huge trading organization. It continues with the subchapters, The Dollar of the Middle Ages, Trading with the Enemy, Aksum and Byzantium's Indian Ocean Connections, Christians Surrounded by Muslims, The Secret of Silk Escapes, which is about the mid-sixth century when most silk found its way to Europe through the Silk Routes across China and the northern steppes of Central Asia, the Justinian's Plague that spread along the great trade routes, emerging first in China and north-east India, travelling to Ethiopia, moving up the Nile to Alexandria and then east to Palestine and across the entire Mediterranean region, and lastly, The End of the Red Sea Portal. Some 1000 years of Greek and Roman rule over Egypt had ended and with it the Red Sea link of Europe with the Asian spice trade.
Conference papers on the topic "Sea-power China":
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Strand, Torsten. "Operation on Process Off-Gas of a 24MW SGT-600 Gas Turbine on an LNG Plant in China." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90154.
A privately owned LNG plant was taken into service at the Tuha Oil Fields in western China during 2004. The plant is the first of its kind and will produce Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) from associated gas from the oil fields. The LNG is delivered to Central China by trucks. The plant was delivered by Tractebel with Linde AG being responsible for the LNG process design. The compression set of the refrigeration cycle consists of a three-stage Ebara compressor driven by a 24 MW Siemens SGT-600 gas turbine operating on the off-gas from the LNG plant. The operation of the gas turbine integrated in this plant is associated with some special challenges: • the ambient conditions out in the desert; • the fuel, that varies from natural gas to a process gas consisting of methane diluted with up to 28% nitrogen; • the refrigeration medium, which is circulated by the gas turbine driven compressor, changes in composition dependent on load; • the starting procedure with the compressor in the refrigeration loop. A combustion test was performed to verify that the DLE combustion system could accept the variations in gas composition. The control system was modified to handle the variable gas qualities in the fuel and in the refrigeration loop. Since the gas turbine/compressor set is an integrated part of the LNG process the commissioning was a long process governed by the LNG plant commissioning. It included some unexpected events. Now all is working well. It has been shown that a standard SGT-600 DLE unit can start and operate reliably and with low emissions on very much diluted natural gases. The paper contains a brief description of the LNG plant, definition of the special requirements on the gas turbine, a description of the combustion verification test on diluted gas, some events during commissioning and finally the engine verification test.
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Mukherjee, Dilip K. "Use of Unconventional Fuels in Gas Turbines." In ASME Turbo Expo 2000: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2000-gt-0637.
In several industrial processes, various hydrocarbons, such as low BTU blast furnace gas, syngas, Naphtha, heavy oil and condensate, are available as by-products or residues. Burning such unconventional fuels for combined cycle power generation can be attractive in certain countries due to their low prices or availability compared to natural gas or distillate. In this paper, design and operating experience of combined cycle power plants burning such unconventional fuels, e.g. Bao Shan in China burning LBTU gas, GVK in India burning Naphtha and Api in Italy burning medium Btu gas from heavy oil (refinery bottom) gasification etc. are discussed. The high degree of manufacturers’ ability to develop such projects and design the required equipment — burners/combustors, CC power train and control systems — is illustrated. In addition, the development of Naphtha and condensate burner for GT13E2 is described in short.
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Chen, Guanyi, Qiang Li, Xiaoyang Lv, Na Deng, and Lifei Jiao. "Production of Hydrogen-Rich Gas Through Pyrolysis of Biomass in a Two-Stage Reactor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53582.
Biomass is quite abundant in the world, particularly in some countries like China. China has large quantities of straw and/or stalk-origin biomass resources and the attention is currently being paid to the exploitation of these resources to produce energy products via different technical solutions, among of which pyrolysis of biomass to produce hydrogen-rich gas is very promising as hydrogen is a very clear energy carrier. In this work, pyrolysis of rice straw, corn stalk and sawdust was carried out in a two-stage reactor (the first-stage reactor is a conventional fixed-bed pyrolyser, and the second-stage reactor is a catalytic fixed bed) to produce hydrogen-rich gas. The effect of catalytic bed on the pyrolysis behaviour have been investigated, with the emphasis on final product particularly hydrogen. The operation of the catalytic reactor appears significant in promoting biomass pyrolysis towards the production of gaseous products, especially hydrogen. At 750°C of the pyrolyser with rice straw as fuel, the use of the catalytic bed leads to the increases of gas yield from 0.41 Nm3/kg to 0.50 Nm3/kg, approximately 22% increase, and of H2 concentration from 33.79% to 50.80% in volume, approximately 50.3% increase, respectively. Compared with calcined dolomite, fresh nickel-based catalyst shows stronger catalytic effect on the pyrolysis of rice straw as its use in the catalytic bed results in the increase of gas yield from 0.41 Nm3/kg to 0.56 Nm3/kg, approximately 36.6% increase, and the increase of H2 concentration from 33.79% to 59.55% in volume, approximately 76.2% increase. Furthermore, two catalysts follow the same trend for the pyrolysis of corn stalk and sawdust. At temperature of 815°C, catalysts also follow the same trend. Catalytic bed can significantly reduce the level of tar which is carried out with the producer gas, to less than 1% of original level. Catalyst load or gas space velocity (hourly) has the influence on the gas yield and H2 concentration. 30% of load, i.e. gas space velocity (hourly) 0.9 × 104 h−1, appears reasonable. Beyond that, gas yield and H2 concentration remain almost unchanged.
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Wang, Feng-Shan, Wen-Jun Kong, and Bao-Rui Wang. "Experimental Study of Combustion on a Micro Gas Turbine Combustor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50975.
A research program is in development in China as a demonstrator of combined cooling, heating and power system (CCHP). In this program, a micro gas turbine with net electrical output around 100kW is designed and developed. The combustor is designed for natural gas operation and oil fuel operation, respectively. In this paper, a prototype can combustor for the oil fuel was studied by the experiments. In this paper, the combustor was tested using the ambient pressure combustor test facility. The sensors were equipped to measure the combustion performance; the exhaust gas was sampled and analyzed by a gas analyzer device. From the tests and experiments, combustion efficiency, pattern factor at the exit, the surface temperature profile of the outer liner wall, the total pressure loss factor of the combustion chamber with and without burning, and the pollutants emission fraction at the combustor exit were obtained. It is also found that with increasing of the inlet temperature, the combustion efficiency and the total pressure loss factor increased, while the exit pattern factor coefficient reduced. The emissions of CO and unburned hydrogen carbon (UHC) significantly reduced, but the emission of NOx significantly increased.
5
Pinto Fernandes, Jorge, Eduardo Manuel Dias Lopes, and Vicente Maneta. "New Steel Alloys for the Design of Heat Recovery Steam Generator Components of Combined Cycle Gas Plants." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59917.
Demand of Power is growing everyday, mainly due to emerging economies in CRIB countries (China, Russia, India and Brazil). During the last fifty years steam pressure and temperature in power plants have been continuously raised to improve thermal efficiency. Recent efforts to improve efficiency leads to the development of a new generation of Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) where the Benson Once-Through Technology is applied to improve thermal efficiency. The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the mechanical behaviour of a High Pressure Superheater Manifold by applying Finite Element Modelling (FEM) and a Finite Element Analysis with the objective to analyse stress propagation leading to the study of damage mechanism e.g. Uniaxial Fatigue, Uniaxial Creep for life prediction. The objective of this paper is also to analyse the mechanical properties of the new high temperature resistant materials in the market such as 2Cr Bainitic steels (T/P23, T/P24) and also the 9–12Cr Martensitic steels (T/P91, T/P92, E911 and P/T122). For this study the design rules for construction of power boilers to define the geometry of the HPSH Manifold were applied.
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Wang, Di, Wenjun Kong, Yuhua Ai, and Baorui Wang. "Numerical Simulation of Pollutant Emissions in a Can-Type Low NOx Gas Turbine Combustor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-23483.
A research program is in development in China in order to realize a demonstrator of combined cooling heating and power system (CCHP) with net electrical output around 100kW by using of a can-type micro gas turbine. In this paper, numerical simulations were completed to investigate the pollutant emissions in a can-type low NOx gas turbine combustor. Based on the analysis of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results, a Chemical Reactor Network (CRN) model was set up to simulate the pollutant emissions in the combustor with detailed gas-phase chemical kinetic mechanism of GRI-Mech 3.0. The CRN consists of a number of ideal reactors of the perfectly stirred reactors (PSR) and plug flow reactors (PFR) in series and parallel structures. Two types of CRN models were designed. One is relatively simple, another is more complex. The results show that the complex CRN model corresponds with the actual combustion process better. The trends of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO) varying with the equivalence ratio were conducted. Effects of the inlet temperature and pressure on NOx and CO emissions were also presented in this paper. At last, the numerical results are compared with the experimental results.
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Gao, Lin, Yiping Dai, Zhiqiang Wang, Yatao Xu, and Qingzhong Ma. "Rotordynamic Stability Under Partial Admission Conditions in a Large Power Steam Turbine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59467.
At present, the majority of power steam turbines operate under part-load conditions during most of their working time in accordance with the fluctuation of power supply. The load governing method may cause partial admission in control stage and even some pressure stages, which impacts much on the stability of the rotor system. In this paper, CFD and FEM method were used to analyze the effect of partial admission on rotor system stability. A new approach is proposed to simplify the 3D fluid model for a partial admission control stage. Rotordynamic analysis was carried out to test the stability of the HP rotor of a 600 MW steam turbine under different load conditions. 13 different governing modes on the rotor stability were conducted and data were analyzed. It is found that rotor stability varies significantly with different governing modes and mass flow rates, which is consistent with the operation. Asymmetric fluid forces resulted from partial admission cause a fluctuation of the dynamic characteristics of the HP bearings, which consequently affect the stability of the rotor system. One of the nozzle governing modes in which the diagonal valves open firstly is demonstrated as the optimal mode with the maximum system stability. The optimization has been applied to 16 power generation units in China and result in improved rotor stabilities.
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Rocca, Emmanuel, Pierre Steinmetz, and Michel Moliere. "Revisiting the Inhibition of Vanadium-Induced Hot Corrosion in Gas Turbines." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0005.
Since the 70’s, nothing substantially new has been published in the Gas Turbine Community about the hot corrosion by vanadium and its inhibition, after the “inhibition orthodoxy” based on the formation of magnesium vanadate, was established. However, the experience acquired since the late 80’s with Heavy Duty Gas Turbines burning ash-forming fuels in Southern China, shows that the combustion of very contaminated fuels does not entail corrosion nor abundant ash-deposit on gas turbines buckets. Analyses of deposits collected from gas turbines fired with these crude oils showed that the ash-deposit contains a large amount of nickel. These new facts led to revisit the role played by nickel and envisage its possible inhibiting action against the vanadium-induced hot corrosion. A thorough review of the literature on the vanadium-induced corrosion have been carried out, and the study of the nickel effects with respect to magnesium effects on the ash deposit have been performed Results show that nickel presents an interesting way to substitute magnesium for the inhibition of vanadium-induced hot corrosion. The advantages of nickel with respect to magnesium are to be efficient at a low Ni/V ratio, to produce less abundant, less adherent ash and to act, to some extent, as a self-cleaning agent for the blades of the turbine.
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Basu, Arun, Mike Gradassi, Ron Sills, Theo Fleisch, and Raj Puri. "Use of DME as a Gas Turbine Fuel." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0003.
A new, ultra-clean fuel for gas turbines — a blend consisting primarily of dimethyl ether (DME) with lesser amounts of methanol and water — has been identified by BP. This fuel, containing no metals, sulfur or aromatics, burns like natural gas and it can be handled like LPG. The turbine-grade DME fuel can be manufactured from natural gas, coal and other hydrocarbon or biomass feedstocks. High-purity DME, manufactured from methanol, is currently used as an aerosol propellant due to its environmentally benign characteristics. Fuel-grade DME is used commercially as a LPG-substitute in China. BP initiated key programs to test various fuel mixtures containing DME in General Electric test combustors with equivalent electricity production of nearly 16 MW. Later, BP collaborated with EPDC (Electric Power Development Corporation, Japan) to conduct additional follow-up tests. These tests show that DME is an excellent gas turbine fuel with emissions properties comparable to natural gas. BP is currently working with the Indian Oil Corporation (IOCL), the Gas Authority of India Limited (GAIL) and the Indian Institute of Petroleum to evaluate the potential of DME as a multi-purpose fuel for India. In June 2000, the India Ministry of Power issued a notification permitting the use of DME as a fuel for power generation subject to its meeting all the environmental and pollution regulations. This paper presents key gas turbine combustor test results and discusses how DME can be used as a fuel in gas turbines.
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Sander, Frank, and Roland Span. "Model of a Coal Fired IGCC Process With Hydrogen Membrane Reactor and Capture of CO2." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50913.
A drastic reduction of greenhouse gas emissions can only be achieved if CO2 capture will be introduced to fossil fueled power plants. Since CO2 capture lowers the efficiency of the overall power cycle tremendously, technologies have to be developed which reduce the loss in efficiency as much as possible. Due to the resources of fossil fuels, coal will still play an important role in future power generation processes. Especially, the emerging and developing countries such as India and China are already using an enormous amount of coal for power production. In this work, an IGCC process with an integrated H2-selective membrane has been investigated to substitute the CO2 capture unit by such a membrane reactor. Hydrogen-selective membranes have been studied intensively in combination with power generation processes [22, 23]. Palladium has been considered as membrane material in the present study. Due to its catalytic surface, high hydrogen permeability, and infinite hydrogen selectivity palladium and Pd-based alloys show a high potential for hydrogen separation [24, 25, 26]. The investigation has shown that the advantage of the H2-selective membrane reactor, it uses nitrogen as sweep gas on the permeate side of the membrane reactor, cannot defeat the existing drawbacks of the process layout: small mass flow rate through the gas turbine (and consequently through the HRSG) and higher energy requirements for oxygen production and CO2 compression, respectively. The net efficiency of the investigated IGCC process with integrated hydrogen-selective membrane reactor and capture of CO2 is compared with other IGCC concepts — with and without CO2 capture. The net efficiency of the overall process is 34.30%, which is about 3%-points lower compared to an IGCC process with chemical absorption and cryogenic ASU. Moreover, in comparison with an IGCC process with integrated OTM reactor and CO2 capture the efficiency is 1.7 percentage points lower than that of the process option with the lowest efficiency. Although no cost evaluation has been carried out, it can be assumed that hydrogen-selective membrane reactor would increase the capital cost of the overall IGCC process. The results indicate that the IGCC process with integrated hydrogen-selective membrane reactor and CO2 capture is less attractive from the thermodynamic point of view but also from a thermo-economic point of view.
Reports on the topic "Sea-power China":
1
Finkbeiner, John M. Malaysia's Great Power Balance and the South China Sea Disputes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada589214.
