Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sea lions

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Sea lions'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Sea lions"

1

Perrotta, Gino, Frank E. Fish, Danielle S. Adams, Ariel M. Leahy, Abigal M. Downs, and Megan C. Leftwich. "Velocity Field Measurements of the California Sea Lion Propulsive Stroke Using Bubble PIV." Fluids 7, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids7010003.

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California sea lions are among the most agile of swimming mammals. Most marine mammals swim with their hind appendages—flippers or flukes, depending on the species—whereas sea lions use their foreflippers for propulsion and maneuvering. The sea lion’s propulsive stroke generates thrust by forming a jet between the flippers and the body and by dragging a starting vortex along the suction side of the flipper. Prior experiments using robotic flippers have shown these mechanisms to be possible, but no flow measurements around live sea lions previously existed with which to compare. In this study, the flow structures around swimming sea lions were observed using an adaptation of particle imaging velocimetry. To accommodate the animals, it was necessary to use bubbles as seed particles and sunlight for illumination. Three trained adult California sea lions were guided to swim through an approximately planar sheet of bubbles in a total of 173 repetitions. The captured videos were used to calculate bubble velocities, which were processed to isolate and inspect the flow velocities caused by the swimming sea lion. The methodology will be discussed, and measured flow velocities will be presented.
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Ng, Terry Fei Fan, Wm Kirk Suedmeyer, Elizabeth Wheeler, Frances Gulland, and Mya Breitbart. "Novel anellovirus discovered from a mortality event of captive California sea lions." Journal of General Virology 90, no. 5 (May 1, 2009): 1256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.008987-0.

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A viral metagenomic study was performed to investigate potential viral pathogens associated with a mortality event of three captive California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). This study identified a novel California sea lion anellovirus (ZcAV), with 35 % amino acid identity in the ORF1 region to feline anelloviruses. The double-stranded replicative form of ZcAV was detected in lung tissue, suggesting that ZcAV replicates in sea lion lungs. Specific PCR revealed the presence of ZcAV in the lung tissue of all three sea lions involved in the mortality event, but not in three other sea lions from the same zoo. In addition, ZcAV was detected at low frequency (11 %) in the lungs of wild sea lions. The higher prevalence of ZcAV and presence of the double-stranded replicative form in the lungs of sea lions from the mortality event suggest that ZcAV was associated with the death of these animals.
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Hückstädt, L. A., and T. Antezana. "Behaviour of the southern sea lion (Otaria flavescens) and consumption of the catch during purse-seining for jack mackerel (Trachurus symmetricus) off central Chile." ICES Journal of Marine Science 60, no. 5 (January 1, 2003): 1003–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1054-3139(03)00100-0.

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Abstract The fishery for jack mackerel (Trachurus symmetricus) off central Chile competes for the resource with southern sea lions (Otaria flavescens), and during purse-seining makes the fish more accessible to the pinnipeds. Interactions with sea lions were recorded during 31 purse-seine sets off central Chile during October 1999. The sea lion behaviour associated with the fishing operations was distinctive. Feeding, movement, predator avoidance, and resting displays were identified. The sea lions approached the purse-seiner as soon as net-setting began. The number of sea lions per set (0–50) was seemingly unaffected by school size of jack mackerel, number of purse-seiners on the fishing ground, whether fishing was by night or by day, the presence of killer whales, or the species being targeted. However, the number of sea lions at a purse-seine differed significantly between fishing grounds. Other effects of fishing operations on O. flavescens included incidental mortality and capture. The amount of fish consumed by the sea lions at a set was as much as 0.4% of the catch. The results of the interaction are documented and discussed in the light of likely interaction with the whole sea lion population, as well as the impact of the interaction on the fishery.
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Reyes, Pablo, Rodrigo Hucke-Gaete, and Juan Pablo Torres-Florez. "First observations of operational interactions between bottom-trawling fisheries and South American sea lion, Otaria flavescens in south-central Chile." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 93, no. 2 (September 21, 2012): 489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315412001282.

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This paper presents results of a study conducted on the trawling industrial fishery fleet of Merluccius gayi in south-central Chile, and the resulting interactions with the South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens). This study is based on observations made during September 2004, when incidental sea lion catch in the trawls was 6.3 sea lions/working day (1.2 sea lions/trawl−1). A total of 82 animals were incidentally caught, of which 12 were found dead, and the 70 remaining suffered from internal bleeding and/or fractures as a result of their capture. 83.3% of the fatalities occurred during nocturnal trawls, which comprise 30% of all observed trawls. Possible mechanisms of sea lion take are discussed. This note presents the first records of sea lions incidental by-catch by the trawler fleet along the south-east Pacific coast of Chile.
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Szteren, Diana, and Enrique Páez. "Predation by southern sea lions (Otaria flavescens) on artisanal fishing catches in Uruguay." Marine and Freshwater Research 53, no. 8 (2002): 1161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf02006.

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Southern sea lions (Otaria flavescens) forage in coastal fishery grounds in shallow waters, where they interact with coastal fishing activities. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the predation of southern sea lions on artisanal fishery catches and thus determine whether interactions with sea lions affected catches. Between July 1997 and March 1998, we observed 53 fishing events onboard artisanal fishing boats in four localities. The presence and number of sea lions around the boat and the numbers of each fish species consumed by sea lions were recorded by an onboard observer. To estimate the damage caused by sea lions to fishery catches, we considered two scenarios, a conservative scenario and a maximized scenario. Predation on catches was observed in 50.9% of all the fishing events and up to four sea lions were sighted in 67.9% of fishing events. Considering a conservative scenario, predation varied from 0.8 to 9.1% of the catch per unit effort (CPUE) depending on the location. Considering the maximized scenario, predation varied from 3.4 to 46.2%. However, no significant relationship was found between CPUE and the number of sea lions in any locality or with either type of fishing gear. Furthermore, CPUE did not differ in the presence or absence of sea lion interactions and predation per unit effort did not vary between localities or seasons. It was concluded that neither the presence of sea lions nor the damage they cause were responsible for variations in CPUE.
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Sigler, Michael F., Jamie N. Womble, and Johanna J. Vollenweider. "Availability to Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) of a seasonal prey resource: a prespawning aggregation of eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61, no. 8 (August 1, 2004): 1475–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f04-086.

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The availability of seasonally abundant energy-rich prey can be a significant factor for the survival and reproductive success of predator populations. Large numbers of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) were attracted to a prespawning aggregation of eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus) in Berners Bay in southeast Alaska during April–May in 2002 and 2003. Sea lion abundance increased as eulachon gathered in Berners Bay, peaked as eulachon abundance peaked, and decreased as the eulachon moved up-river. As sea lion abundance increased in Berners Bay, sea lion abundance decreased at Benjamin Island, a sea lion haulout located 22 km away. The eulachon provided an abundant, energy-rich, predictable prey source for the Steller sea lions: (i) eulachon energy density was 9.70 ± 0.24 kJ·g–1, much higher than that of any forage species reported in the North Pacific Ocean except northern lampfish (Stenobrachius leucopsarus); (ii) a large surplus of prey was available per sea lion while the eulachon aggregation was present; and (iii) the spawning run usually begins between late April and early May. The eulachon pulse may be critical to Steller sea lions during a period of high energetic demands.
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Miller, C. N., L. K. Polasek, A. C. M. Oliveira, C. J. Frost, and J. M. Maniscalco. "Milk fatty acid composition of perinatal and foraging Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus): examination from pup stomachs." Canadian Journal of Zoology 96, no. 2 (February 2018): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2016-0015.

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To investigate the milk fatty acid composition of female Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus (Schreber, 1776)) between and within maternal states (i.e., perinatal or foraging), milk samples were collected in 2010 and 2011 via gastric intubation from Steller sea lion pups on a small rookery in the central Gulf of Alaska. Maternal states of lactating females were determined upon reuniting with their sampled pups via remotely operated video cameras on the rookery. Milk fatty acid composition between Steller sea lion maternal states was significantly different, and thus can be utilized to distinguish between perinatal and foraging Steller sea lions of the same geographic region in the absence of direct observation. However, milk fatty acid composition remained relatively constant within perinatal Steller sea lions, suggesting steady mobilization of fatty acids from blubber to milk, and within foraging Steller sea lions, implying females forage on similar prey species within several days after their perinatal period. Differences in milk fatty acid composition between maternal states, including differences in the relative percentages of polyunsaturated fatty acids, may have important implications for growth and development of offspring.
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Harcourt, Robert. "Individual variation in predation on fur seals by southern sea lions (Otaria byronia) in Peru." Canadian Journal of Zoology 71, no. 9 (September 1, 1993): 1908–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z93-273.

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Southern sea lions (Otaria byronia) were observed to prey on juvenile and adult female South American fur seals (Arctocephalus australis) at Punta San Juan, Peru (15°22′S, 75°12′W) between October 1987 and December 1988. Over the course of the study there were 165 attacks on fur seals with 33 seals killed. While both adult male and subadult male sea lions captured and killed fur seals, adult female and juvenile sea lions never acted aggressively towards fur seals. Adult males attacked fur seals on 82.4% of the occasions when they were present at the rookery, subadults on 52% of occasions. Distinctive pelage characteristics allowed some of the male sea lions to be individually identified, and differences in hunting success were observed between adults and subadults, and between five identifiable adults who hunted on at least five occasions. Motivation for attacks differed for subadults and adults, with subadult males using captured fur seals as female sea lion substitutes, guarding them from others and copulating with them, whilst adult sea lions hunted fur seals as food. However, only a small proportion of adult sea lions hunted fur seals, and with differing rates of success.
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Jefferson, Thomas A., Mari A. Smultea, and Eric J. Ward. "Distribution and Abundance of California (Zalophus californianus) and Steller (Eumetopias jubatus) Sea Lions in the Inshore Waters of Washington, 2013-2016." Aquatic Mammals 49, no. 4 (July 15, 2023): 366–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1578/am.49.4.2023.366.

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Two species of sea lions occur in the in387land waters of Washington State: the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) and the Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus). Both species breed elsewhere, but they typically move into Puget Sound and adjacent waters of the Salish Sea from autumn through spring. There is a need for information on their current abundance and seasonal use patterns as both species prey heavily on threatened/endangered stocks of salmon and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus spp.), and empirical abundance estimates of these species are lacking for inland Washington waters. From 2013 to 2016, we conducted 39,399 km of aerial surveys for marine mammals in this area, sighting 255 groups of sea lions. We used a subset of 7,841 km of effort and 165 sea lion sightings made during surveys in good sighting conditions to estimate in-water abundance using line-transect methods. Historical tagging data collected in Pacific Northwest waters were used to evaluate the proportions of time that each species spent on land and conducting dives, and then to develop correction factors to derive total abundance for both sea lion species, providing the first empirical abundance estimates for these waters. We estimated that between 33 and 442 California sea lions were found in Puget Sound/Hood Canal in different seasons, with nearly 3,000 being found in the broader inland Washington waters in the peak season (spring). Steller sea lions occurred in much smaller numbers, with a peak of 219 animals in Puget Sound/Hood Canal/Strait of Juan de Fuca in autumn (and possibly as many as 600 to 700 in the entire study area). While some estimates suffer from low precision, this study demonstrates that substantial numbers of sea lions use waters of the study area throughout much of the year. Our results provide an important step toward a better understanding of these two species in the inland waters of Washington, as well as their potential effects on protected salmonid prey species.
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Dennis, T. E., and P. D. Shaughnessy. "Seal survey in the Great Australian Bight region of Western Australia." Wildlife Research 26, no. 3 (1999): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr98047.

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In December 1996, a survey by helicopter of the Baxter Cliffs region of the Great Australian Bight in Western Australia did not locate any previously unreported colonies of the Australian sea lion or New Zealand fur seal. Although geologically contiguous with the Bunda Cliffs in South Australia (where sea lions have a scattered distribution), the Baxter Cliffs appeared generally more weathered and stable, with fewer collapsed sections of cliff forming platforms and providing habitat for seals. In total, 29 Australian sea lions were observed during the survey. Most were at a previously surveyed site approximately 2 km west of Twilight Cove. Ten other sites were recorded as potentially providing haul- out opportunity for sea lions; they were mainly caves and deep overhangs with access from the sea. No fur seals were seen. From this survey and from other records, we estimate the Australian sea lion population along the Baxter Cliffs in the Great Australian Bight region of Western Australia at less than 100 animals.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sea lions"

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Hui, Tabitha Cheng Yee. "Steller sea lions and fisheries : competition at sea?" Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32588.

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A leading hypothesis to explain the decline of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in western Alaska is the reduction of prey abundance or change in prey distributions caused by commercial fisheries. We sought to improve on past studies that attempted to assess competition between sea lions and fisheries by estimating the local amounts of prey accessible to sea lions. We explored the relationships between sea lion population trends, fishery catches and the prey biomass accessible to sea lions around 33 rookeries from 2000-2008. We focused on three commercially important species that dominate the sea lion diet: walleye pollock, Pacific cod and Atka mackerel. We estimated available prey biomass by removing fishery catches from predicted prey biomass distributions in the Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska; and modelled the likelihood of sea lions foraging at different distances from rookeries (accessibility) using satellite telemetry locations of tracked animals. We combined this accessibility model with the prey distributions to estimate the prey biomass accessible to sea lions by rookery. For each rookery, we compared sea lion population change to accessible prey biomass (estimated using our accessibility model and also within 10, 20 and 50 km of each rookery). Of the 304 statistical models we constructed to compare accessible prey biomass and catch to sea lion population trends, only three relationships were significant. These three suggest that sea lion population change rates increased (became less negative) with increasing accessible pollock biomass in the Aleutian Islands and with cod biomass in the Gulf of Alaska. No relationships were found between sea lion population trends and Atka mackerel biomass. Given that the majority of the relationships we explored were insignificant, it seems unlikely that the availability of pollock, cod or Atka mackerel was limiting sea lion populations in the 2000s. Sea lion population trends appeared to be affected by some unknown factor associated with regional differences. Removing fish catches or adding catch to our predicted distributions of groundfish abundances had no measurable effect on sea lion population trends. These observations suggest that sea lion populations were largely unaffected by fishery removals during this period.
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Childerhouse, Simon, and n/a. "Conservation biology of New Zealand sea lions (Phocarctos hookeri)." University of Otago. Department of Marine Science, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080213.144055.

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New Zealand sea lion (Phocarctos hookeri) is a pinniped endemic to New Zealand and is among the rarest of sea lion species. New Zealand sea lions are incidentally caught in the trawl fishery for squid around the Auckland Islands, and a sea lion catch-limit or Fishing Related Mortality Limit (FRML) is used to manage this interaction. Since 2003 such limits have been calculated using an age-structured Bayesian population model. One problem with this approach is that several key demographic parameters have had to be assumed, or are based on very few data. Archaeological and other historical records demonstrate that New Zealand sea lions were substantially more widespread before the arrival of humans to New Zealand than they are today (Chapter 2 published as Childerhouse & Gales 1998). The present population size is clearly reduced, with subsistence and commercial hunting the most likely cause of historical changes in distribution and abundance. Campbell Island, the only significant breeding site outside the Auckland Islands, was thoroughly surveyed for New Zealand sea lions for the first time in 2003. An estimated 385 pups were born there, comprising 13% of the total pup production for the species for 2003 (Chapter 3 published as Childerhouse et al. 2005). This thesis provides the first robust estimates of several demographic parameters for New Zealand sea lions. These data were gained via the capture, tagging and ageing of 865 individual females, which had come ashore to pup between 1999 and 2001. This research was underpinned by the development of a novel and robust ageing technique for live New Zealand sea lions (Chapter 5 published as Childerhouse et al. 2004). Chapters 6, 7 and 8 used analyses of the age structure of these females, and of subsequent resightings of them, and of known-age females between 1998 and 2005, provided the first estimates of individual growth, mean reproductive rate (0.67, SE = 0.01), mean adult survival (0.81, SE = 0.04), and maximum age (28 years) for females. These data show that New Zealand sea lions are among the slowest growing, slowest reproducing, and longest lived sea lion species. Significant differences in the age structure of the two largest breeding colonies highlight flawed assumptions of the current management approach. The application of this new demographic information has the potential to significantly alter the existing management advice relating to the setting of FRMLs and the impact of the squid fishery on the New Zealand sea lion population. Taken alone, these results suggest a dim outlook for an already threatened species. In the context that pup production is in significant decline (e.g. 32% since 1998 Chilvers et al. 2007), the species� foraging environment is thought to be marginal (Costa & Gales 2000), and that resource competition may also be impacting on the population (Chapter 4 published as Childerhouse et al. 2001a), the picture darkens further. Taken as a whole, these data suggest that current management is insufficient to ensure population stasis, let alone meet the Government�s statutory goal of recovery.
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Campbell, Richard. "Demography and population genetic structure of the Australian sea lion, neophoca cinerea." University of Western Australia. School of Animal Biology, 2003. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0058.

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The Australian sea lion, Neophoca cinerea, is Australia?s only endemic pinniped, and one of the rarest sea lions in the world. This species suffered localised extinction events, and a probable population decline during the commercial sealing era of the 18th to 20th centuries. This species also has a unique reproductive cycle and breeding system compared with all other pinnipeds. Unlike the usual annual, synchronous cycle, this species has a 17.5 month breeding cycle which is asynchronous across its range. Small groups of proximate colonies appear to breed synchronously, but otherwise the timing appears randomly distributed. It was proposed that this system is endogenously controlled and maintained by exclusive female natal site fidelity (Gales et al. 1994). This would have a discernible impact on the population genetic structure, and would be directly applicable to conservation management practices. Investigation of population genetic structure of the Australian sea lion using mtDNA and microsatellite markers revealed a highly subdivided population that showed strong patterns of sex-biased dispersal, and strong regional divisions. The level of female natal site fidelity was extreme, resulting in very high levels of genetic differentiation, unparalleled in other marine mammal populations. Significant divisions existed across both macro and micro geographic scales, with fixed differences occurring between colonies separated by as little as 20 kilometres. Strong phylogeographic patterning suggested that divisions between populations are of some antiquity. High levels of fixation in mtDNA markers among the many small colonies in Western Australia was attributed to the high rate of genetic drift in small populations, especially for these markers. Genetic subdivison, as measured by microsatellite markers, revealed a malebiased dispersal pattern. Levels of male dispersal were sufficient in overcoming the female natal site fidelity and rendering small groups of colonies effectively panmictic. However, the range of male dispersal was limited to approximately 200 kilometres and resulted in a regional population structure best defined by geographic distance. This level of subdivision was perhaps greater than expected given the dispersal capabilities of this species, and suggested that some behavioural processes may limit dispersal. Historical processes of extinction and colonisation are thought to have had a strong influence on the current pattern of population subdivision as well.
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Lee, Kessina. "Stranding Mortality Patterns in California Sea Lions and Steller Sea Lions in Oregon and Southern Washington, 2006 to 2014." Thesis, Portland State University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10135722.

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As changing ocean conditions lead to declining fish stocks and movement of forage fish, sea lions on the Oregon coast are subject to the pressures of declining prey availability and increasing conflicts with commercial and recreational fisheries. An analysis of strandings of California sea lions, Zalophus californianus, and Steller sea lions, Eumetopias jubatus, from 2006 to 2014, included cause of death, changing ocean conditions, and anthropogenic activity. Causes of death included disease, injury, and human interaction, such as gunshot wounds, fisheries net entanglements and boat strikes.

Oregon and Washington strandings of California sea lions are primarily adult and subadult males that migrate north from California rookeries, while Steller sea lions are year-round residents and strandings are comprised of males and females of all ages. While the California sea lion population is currently at or near carrying capacity, the Eastern Pacific population of Steller sea lions was designated as Threatened under the Endangered Species Act until October 2013. Understanding impacts to these two pinniped species is vital to implementing effective management and conservation policies.

Oregon and southern Washington strandings of California sea lions and Steller sea lions from 2006 to 2014 were analyzed spatially using the geographic information system (GIS), and temporally to identify possible correlations with prey availability and human interaction. Strandings were found to follow seasonal patterns from year to year: Steller sea lion strandings were highest from May to July, California sea lions peaked in September, October, and November. There was a correlation between significantly high numbers of strandings and the three largest commercial fisheries in Oregon: Chinook salmon, Coho salmon, and Dungeness crab.

This analysis provides a format for continuing to monitor primary ecological and anthropogenic drivers of pinniped mortality in Oregon and southern Washington.

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Chumbley, Kathryn. "Prey biomass abundance, distribution, and availability to the endangered stellar sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) population at Ugamak Island, Alaska, 1995-99." Online pdf file accessible through the World Wide Web, 2007. http://archives.evergreen.edu/masterstheses/Accession86-10MES/Chumbley_K%20MESThesis%202007.pdf.

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Hoopes, Lisa Ann. "Metabolic and thermoregulatory capabilities of juvenile steller sea lions, Eumetopias jubatus." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1390.

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Schrader, Wendy Jane. "Foraging behavior of juvenile steller sea lions in the Gulf of Alaska." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5922.

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Relating the behavior of predators to prey density is an important aspect of foraging theory. Changes in prey accessibility may have contributed to a greater-than 80% decline in Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) throughout the western portion of their range during the last 30 years. A new method was developed for inferring prey accessibility to juveniles of this otariid, from observable features of diving and ranging behavior. Seventeen juveniles (9F, 8M) were monitored in multiple seasons and locations in the Gulf of Alaska via satellite telemetry. Twelve of the 17 had experienced 1-3 months of temporary captivity. Effects of temporary captivity on endurance, habitat use and development of diving and ranging behavior were tested. Diving and ranging patterns of previously captive juveniles were consistent with data reported for freeranging juveniles. Development in mean dive depth and duration after release was likely due to increased foraging. "Focus in time spent at depth" was tested as a proxy for prey accessibility using predictions based on foraging theory. 'Focus...' was defined as vertical concentration in dive distribution and was calculated by comparing the observed time spent at depth with an expected distribution. There was significantly more focus in summer than winter, and more focus at depth (>62 m) in winter. Focus at depth was significantly greater during midday for juveniles monitored in winter. Significant negative correlation between maximum focus and trip duration provided the best indication that focus may be related to prey accessibility. Short trips had significantly greater maximum focus than long trips, using a matched-pairs approach. Analysis of focus in time-at-depth data can elucidate small scale interactions between juvenile otariids and their prey. This new method of measuring the dive behavior of otariids can be applied to individual foraging trips and holds promise as a proxy for assessing seasonal, annual and developmental changes in individual prey accessibility.
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Allen, Pamela Claire. "Seasonal oscillations in the mass and food intake of Steller sea lions." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/7289.

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Morphometric measurements and daily feeding records of 62 captive Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) were analyzed to provide information about seasonal growth and food consumption that has been impossible to collect from wild animals. Data from nursing pups, intact and castrated males, and pregnant, lactating and non-reproductive females were also used to determine differences in rates of sexual maturity, and the effects that climate, sexual maturity, castration and reproduction have on growth and food intake. Data were fit with seasonal and annual growth models, and showed that males achieved larger body sizes than females by undergoing a growth spurt during puberty and by extending their growth throughout adulthood. Annual increases in the length and mass of females slowed significantly following sexual maturity. Males and females both experienced seasonal oscillations in body mass, but the seasonal fluctuation in male mass peaked later (April) and was far more dramatic than that of females. The mass of lactating and non-reproductive females peaked in early spring (March), while increases in the mass of pregnant females paralleled fetal growth, reaching a maximum before parturition. Changes in mass did not parallel changes in consumption. Fish intake by males and females peaked during winter and bottomed during spring, while seasonal changes in body mass reached their high and low 3 to 4 months later than food intake. Pregnant and non-reproductive females differed little in the amount of prey they consumed, unlike lactating females that significantly increased their consumption during summer and winter. The differences between females highlight the relatively low additional energetic requirements of pregnancy and the high costs of lactation. Differences between neutered and intact males further suggest that testosterone affected overall male growth, but had smaller effects on seasonal oscillations in mass and did not affect food intake. The reproductive cycle and thermoregulatory requirements appeared to drive seasonal changes in body mass and food intake of male and female Steller sea lions but at different time scales. Our findings also indicate that mass is not a simple reflection of food intake, which has important implications for future nutritional research and bioenergetic modeling of wild pinnipeds.
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Michael, Sarah. "Causes and mitigation of pup mortality in New Zealand sea lions (Phocarctos hookeri)." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28192.

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New Zealand (NZ) sea lions (Phocarctos hookeri) are an endangered and endemic species to NZ. Following historic extirpation from their original range around mainland NZ, now nearly all breeding occurs at islands in the NZ sub-Antarctic between latitudes 50-53°S. Following a period of decline in pup production at the Auckland Islands for a decade to near threshold low numbers in 2015, around half of that at the apparent peak, the New Zealand Sea Lion Threat Management Plan was developed with several streams aiming to guide research and active management to improve the species’ population trajectory. NZ sea lions at the most studied site, Enderby Island in the Auckland Islands have been subject to several disease events, with ongoing impacts on pups due to a now endemic hypervirulent (HV) strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae following epizootic emergence at the site in 2001-02. Pup mortality due to HV K. pneumoniae has been modelled as a primary perceived threat to NZ sea lions that if mitigated, could aid in increasing population growth rate. As a result, this thesis aimed to determine the prevalence of all causes of pup mortality, identify important contributing risk factors and investigate potential avenues of active management by conducting a case-control study and a prospective cohort study over two austral summer field seasons (2016-18) at Enderby Island. A nested randomised controlled treatment trial with the anthelmintic ivermectin was run concurrently to assess the contribution of hookworm (Uncinaria spp.) to mortality. Evidence for feasible management options based on demonstrated risk factors for pup mortality is developed and explored.
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Milette, Linda Leontine. "Behaviour of lactating Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) during the breeding season : a comparison between a declining and stable population in Alaska /." PURL, 1999. http://www.arlis.org/docs/vol1/61127341.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Sea lions"

1

Sexton, Colleen A. Sea lions. Minneapolis, Minn: Bellwether Media, 2008.

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Shawver, Mark. Sea lions. [S.l.]: Grolier Educational Corp., 1986.

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Green, Jen. Sea lions. Danbury, Conn: Grolier, 2008.

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Sarah, Palmer. Sea lions. Vero Beach, Fla: Rourke Enterprises, 1989.

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undifferentiated, David Miller. Seals & sea lions. Grantown-on-Spey: Colin Baxter Photography, 1998.

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David, Miller. Seals & sea lions. Stillwater, MN: Voyageur Press, 1998.

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Stearns, Precious. Steller sea lions. Vero Beach, FL: Rourke Pub. LLC, 2009.

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Peterson, Megan Cooley. California sea lions. Mankato, Minn: Capstone Press, 2012.

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Gordon, David G. Seals and sea lions. Monterey, Calif: Monterey Bay Aquarium, 1994.

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ill, Snyderman Marty, ed. Seals and sea lions. [Mankato, MN]: Child's World, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sea lions"

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Gage, Laurie J. "Sea Lions and Fur Seals." In Hand-Rearing Wild and Domestic Mammals, 143–49. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470385005.ch20.

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Bohórquez-Herrera, Jimena, David Aurioles-Gamboa, Claudia Hernández-Camacho, and Dean Adams. "Variability in the Skull Morphology of Adult Male California Sea Lions and Galapagos Sea Lions." In Tropical Pinnipeds, 22–49. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315151588-4.

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Dehnhardt, Guido, Wolf Hanke, Sven Wieskotten, Yvonne Krüger, and Lars Miersch. "Hydrodynamic Perception in Seals and Sea Lions." In Flow Sensing in Air and Water, 147–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41446-6_6.

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Colitz, Carmen. "Ophthalmology of Pinnipedimorpha: Seals, Sea Lions, and Walruses." In Wild and Exotic Animal Ophthalmology, 269–309. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81273-7_13.

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Campagna, Claudio, Burney Le Boeuf, and Claudio Bisioli. "Mating Games and Raiding Parties in Southern Sea Lions." In Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Otariids and the Odobenid, 183–203. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59184-7_9.

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Houser, Dorian S., Steven W. Martin, and James J. Finneran. "Risk Functions of Dolphins and Sea Lions Exposed to Sonar Signals." In The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life II, 473–78. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_57.

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Rosas, Fernando César Weber, Artur Andriolo, and Tatiana Lucena Pimentel. "Orders Cetacea and Pinnipedia (Whales, Dolphins, Seals, Fur Seals, Sea Lions)." In Biology, Medicine, and Surgery of South American Wild Animals, 332–51. Ames, Iowa, USA: Iowa State University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470376980.ch30.

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Gorini, C., A. Mauffret, P. Guennoc, and A. Le Marrec. "Structure of the Gulf of Lions (Northwestern Mediterranean Sea): A Review." In Hydrocarbon and Petroleum Geology of France, 223–43. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78849-9_17.

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Riofrío-Lazo, Marjorie, and Diego Páez-Rosas. "Galapagos Sea Lions and Fur Seals, Adapted to a Variable World." In Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Otariids and the Odobenid, 643–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59184-7_30.

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Roe, W. "Investigation of the 1998 Mass Mortality Event in New Zealand Sea Lions." In Health of Antarctic Wildlife, 113–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b75715_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sea lions"

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Shaughnessy, P. D., R. R. McIntosh, S. D. Goldsworthy, T. E. Dennis, and M. Berris. "Trends in abundance of Australian Sea Lions, Neophoca cinerea, at Seal Bay, Kangaroo Island South Australia." In Sea Lions of the World. Alaska Sea Grant, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4027/slw.2006.23.

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McIntosh, R. R., P. D. Shaughnessy, and S. D. Goldsworthy. "Mark-recapture estimates of pup production for the Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea) at Seal Bay Conservation Park, South Australia." In Sea Lions of the World. Alaska Sea Grant, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4027/slw.2006.24.

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Park, T. G., K. Iida, and T. Mukai. "Characteristics of vocalizations in Steller sea lions." In Sea Lions of the World. Alaska Sea Grant, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4027/slw.2006.34.

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Schaufler, L., E. Logerwell, and J. Wollenweider. "Geographical variation in Steller sea lion quality in Alaska." In Sea Lions of the World. Alaska Sea Grant, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4027/slw.2006.09.

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Winship, A. J., A. M. J. Hunter, D. A. S. Rosen, and A. W. Trites. "Food consumption by sea lions: Existing data and techniques." In Sea Lions of the World. Alaska Sea Grant, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4027/slw.2006.13.

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Lea, M. A., and B. Wilson. "Techniques for real-time, active tracking of sea lions." In Sea Lions of the World. Alaska Sea Grant, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4027/slw.2006.17.

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Iida, K., T. G. Park, T. Mukai, and S. Kotani. "Avoidance of artificial stimuli by the Steller sea lion." In Sea Lions of the World. Alaska Sea Grant, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4027/slw.2006.33.

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Tollit, D., S. Heaslip, B. Deagle, S. Iverson, R. Joy, D. Rosen, and A. Trites. "Estimating diet composition in sea lions: Which technique to choose?" In Sea Lions of the World. Alaska Sea Grant, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4027/slw.2006.21.

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Breen, P. A., and S. W. Kim. "An integrated Bayesian evaluation of Hooker's sea lion bycatch limits." In Sea Lions of the World. Alaska Sea Grant, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4027/slw.2006.30.

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Kuhn, C. E., D. Aurioles-Gamboa, M. J. Weise, and D. P. Costa. "Oxygen stores of California sea lion pups: Implications for diving ability." In Sea Lions of the World. Alaska Sea Grant, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4027/slw.2006.03.

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Reports on the topic "Sea lions"

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Lee, Kessina. Stranding Mortality Patterns in California Sea Lions and Steller Sea Lions in Oregon and Southern Washington, 2006 to 2014. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2996.

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Janech, Michael G. Identification and Validation of Plasma Biomarkers in California Sea Lions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada602905.

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Wheatcroft, Robert A. Seabed Dynamics in the Adriatic Sea and Western Gulf of Lions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada523552.

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Ponganis, Paul J., and Birgitte I. McDonald. Deep-Diving California Sea Lions: Are They Pushing Their Physiological Limit? Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada573788.

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Ponganis, Paul J., and Birgitte I. McDonald. Deep-Diving California Sea Lions: Are They Pushing Their Physiological Limit? Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada618118.

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Schusterman, Ronald J. Effects of Diving on Auditory Sensitivity of California Sea Lions (Zalophus Californianus). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada377938.

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Ponganis, Paul J. Blood Oxygen Depletion in Diving California Sea Lions: How Close to the Limit. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada541953.

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Ponganis, Paul J. Blood Oxygen Depletion in Diving California Sea Lions: How Close to the Limit? Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada573787.

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Ponganis, Paul J. Blood Oxygen Conservation in Diving Sea Lions: How Low Does Oxygen Really Go? Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada618116.

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Field, Michael E., and Eric G. Grossman. Morphology and Internal Geometry and Stratification of Highstand and Transgressive Deposits: Comparison and Contrast, Gulf of Lions and Central Adriatic Sea. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada523774.

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