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Journal articles on the topic 'Sea Cucumber Physiology'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Ichihashi, Kazuyoshi, Taisaku Amakawa, Tatsuo Motokawa, Hiroyuki Sanagawa, Shinichiro Kuroki, Minami Tohro, Hajime Bando, and Naoki Sakurai. "Can sea cucumber hear sound?" Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 145, no. 3-4 (November 2006): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.10.023.

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2

Sun, Jiamin, Libin Zhang, Yang Pan, Chenggang Lin, Fang Wang, Rentao Kan, and Hongsheng Yang. "Feeding behavior and digestive physiology in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus." Physiology & Behavior 139 (February 2015): 336–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.11.051.

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3

Hossain, Abul, JuDong Yeo, Deepika Dave, and Fereidoon Shahidi. "Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity of Sea Cucumber (Cucumaria frondosa) Processing Discards as Affected by High-Pressure Processing (HPP)." Antioxidants 11, no. 2 (February 9, 2022): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11020337.

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Sea cucumber processing discards, which include mainly internal organs, represent up to 50% of the sea cucumber biomass, and are a rich source of bioactive compounds, including phenolics. This work aimed to extract free, esterified, and insoluble-bound phenolics from the internal organs of the Atlantic sea cucumber (C. frondosa) using high-pressure processing (HPP) pre-treatment. The sea cucumber internal organs were subjected to HPP (6000 bar for 10 min), followed by the extraction and characterization of phenolics. Samples were evaluated for their total contents of phenolics and flavonoids, as well as several in vitro methods of antioxidant activities, namely, free radical scavenging and metal chelation activities. Moreover, anti-tyrosinase and antiglycation properties, as well as inhibitory activities against LDL cholesterol oxidation and DNA damage, were examined. The results demonstrated that HPP pre-treatment had a significant effect on the extraction of phenolics, antioxidant properties, and other bioactivities. The phenolics in sea cucumber internal organs existed mainly in the free form, followed by the insoluble-bound and esterified fractions. Additionally, UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis identified and quantified 23 phenolic compounds from HPP-treated samples, mostly phenolic acids and flavonoids. Hence, this investigation provides fundamental information that helps to design the full utilization of the Atlantic sea cucumber species and the production of a multitude of value-added products.

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4

Ambia, Kaswandi bin md, L. John Goad, Sophia Hkycko, Francois-X. Garneau, Jacqueline Belanger, and John W. ApSimon. "The sterols of the sea cucumber Psolus phantapus." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry 86, no. 1 (January 1987): 191–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(87)90196-9.

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5

Ru, Xiaoshang, Libin Zhang, Shilin Liu, and Hongsheng Yang. "Reproduction affects locomotor behaviour and muscle physiology in the sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus." Animal Behaviour 133 (November 2017): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.09.024.

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6

Landeira-Fernandez, A. "Ca(2+)transport by the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase in sea cucumber (Ludwigothurea grisea) muscle." Journal of Experimental Biology 204, no. 5 (March 1, 2001): 909–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.204.5.909.

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In muscle cells, the excitation-contraction cycle is triggered by an increase in the concentration of free cytoplasmic Ca(2+). The Ca(2+)-ATPase present in the membrane of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) pumps Ca(2+) from the cytosol into this intracellular compartment, thus promoting muscle relaxation. The microsomal fraction derived from the longitudinal smooth muscle of the body wall from the sea cucumber Ludwigothurea grisea retains a membrane-bound Ca(2+)-ATPase that is able to transport Ca(2+) mediated by ATP hydrolysis. Immunological analyses reveal that monoclonal antibodies against sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA1 and SERCA2a) cross-react with a 110 kDa band, indicating that the sea cucumber Ca(2+)-ATPase is a SERCA-type ATPase. Like the mammalian Ca(2+)-ATPase isoforms so far described, the enzyme also shows a high affinity for Ca(2+) and ATP, has an optimum pH of approximately 7.0 and is sensitive to thapsigargin and cyclopiazonic acid, specific inhibitors of the SERCA pumps. However, unlike the mammalian SERCA isoforms, concentrations of ATP above 2 mmol l(−1) inhibit Ca(2+) transport, but not ATP hydrolysis, in sea cucumber vesicles, suggesting that high ATP concentrations uncouple the Ca(2+)-ATPase. Another unique feature observed with the sea cucumber Ca(2+)-ATPase is the high dependence of maximal activity on K(+) or Na(+). Similar activation promoted by these cations was observed with various mammalian Ca(2+)-ATPase preparations when they were incubated in the presence of low concentrations of sulphated polysaccharides. In control experiments, K(+) and Na(+) have almost no effect on Ca(2+) transport, but in the presence of heparin or fucosylated chondroitin sulphate, the activity of the different mammalian Ca(2+)-ATPases is inhibited and they are activated by either K(+) or Na(+) in a manner similar to the native sea cucumber ATPase. These results led us to investigate the possible occurrence of a highly sulphated polysaccharide on vesicles from the SR of sea cucumber smooth muscle that could act as an ‘endogenous’ Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor. In fact, SR vesicles derived from the sea cucumber, but not from rabbit muscle, contain a highly sulphated polysaccharide. After extraction and purification of these polysaccharide molecules, their effect was tested on vesicles obtained from rabbit muscle. This compound inhibited Ca(2+) uptake in rabbit SR vesicles, at concentrations lower than heparin, and restored the dependence on monovalent cations. These results strongly suggest that the sea cucumber Ca(2+)-ATPase is activated by monovalent cations because of the presence of endogenous sulphated polysaccharides.

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7

Wang, Zhicheng, Jun Cui, Jian Song, Meng Gou, Haoze Wang, Kailun Gao, Xuemei Qiu, Xiuli Wang, and Yaqing Chang. "Integration of small RNAs and mRNAs by high-throughput sequencing reveals a complex regulatory network in Chinese sea cucumber, Russian sea cucumber and their hybrids." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D: Genomics and Proteomics 29 (March 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbd.2018.10.003.

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8

Sun, Zhi-Hui, Jin-Liang Wei, Zhou-Ping Cui, Ya-Lun Han, Jian Zhang, Jian Song, and Ya-Qing Chang. "Identification and functional characterization of piwi1 gene in sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicas." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 252 (February 2021): 110536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2020.110536.

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9

Kariya, Y., S. Watanabe, Y. Ochiai, and K. Murata. "Glycosaminoglycan from the body wall of the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry 95, no. 2 (January 1990): 387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(90)90092-8.

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10

Szulgit, G. K., and R. E. Shadwick. "Novel non-cellular adhesion and tissue grafting in the mutable collagenous tissue of the sea cucumber Parastichopus parvimensis." Journal of Experimental Biology 201, no. 21 (November 1, 1998): 3003–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.201.21.3003.

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Previous work on wound healing in holothurians (sea cucumbers) has been concerned with the relatively long-term cellular processes of wound closure and regeneration of new tissue. In this report, we characterize a short-term adhesion that is a very early step in holothurian wound healing. Dissected pieces of dermis from the sea cucumber Parastichopus parvimensis adhered to each other after only 2 h of contact, whether the cells in the tissues were intact or had been lysed. Lapshear tests showed that the breaking stresses of adhered tissues reached approximately 0.5 kPa after 24 h of contact. Furthermore, dermal allografts were incorporated into the live recipient individuals without any external pressures, sutures or artificial gels to keep them in place. Dislodging the grafts after 24 h of contact required shear stresses of approximately 14 kPa. It appears that the adhesive property of the dermis plays a key role in the initiation of this grafting.

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11

Seals, John D., and Steven H. Grossman. "Purification and characterization of arginine kinase from the sea cucumber Caudina arenicola." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry 89, no. 4 (January 1988): 701–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(88)90311-2.

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12

Jiang, Jingwei, Zelong Zhao, Shan Gao, Zhong Chen, Ying Dong, Ping He, Bai Wang, et al. "Divergent metabolic responses to sex and reproduction in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D: Genomics and Proteomics 39 (September 2021): 100845. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100845.

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13

Sun, Lina, Dongxue Xu, Qinzeng Xu, Jingchun Sun, Lili Xing, Libin Zhang, and Hongsheng Yang. "iTRAQ reveals proteomic changes during intestine regeneration in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D: Genomics and Proteomics 22 (June 2017): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbd.2017.02.004.

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14

Landeira-Fernandez, A. M., A. Galina, and L. de Meis. "Catalytic activity and heat production by the Ca(2+)-ATPase from sea cucumber (Ludwigothurea grisea) longitudinal smooth muscle: modulation by monovalent cations." Journal of Experimental Biology 203, no. 23 (December 1, 2000): 3613–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.203.23.3613.

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In muscle cells, excitation-contraction coupling involves the translocation of Ca(2+) between intracellular compartments and the cytosol. Heat derived from the hydrolysis of ATP by the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase of skeletal muscle plays an important role in the thermoregulation and energy balance of the cell. Although several Ca(2+)-ATPase isoforms have been described in vertebrates, little is known about Ca(2+) transport in invertebrates. In this report, a Ca(2+)-ATPase is identified in the microsomal fraction obtained from sea cucumber (Ludwigothurea grisea) smooth muscle. The activity of this enzyme is enhanced three- to fivefold by K(+) and Na(+). During Ca(2+) transport, the ATPase can synthesise ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (P(i)) using the energy derived from the Ca(2+) gradient formed across the microsomal membrane (ATP<->P(i) exchange). The apparent affinity of the enzyme for P(i) is increased by more than one order of magnitude by K(+). In the presence of K(+), the fraction of ATP synthesised during the exchange reaction by sea cucumber microsomes was found to be larger than that measured in microsomes derived from either rabbit or trout muscle. Like the isoforms found in skeletal muscle, the sea cucumber Ca(2+)-ATPase can convert osmotic energy into heat. The amount of heat produced after the hydrolysis of each ATP molecule increases two- to threefold when a Ca(2+) gradient is formed across the microsomal membrane.

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15

Landeira-Fernandez, Ana Maria, Antonio Galina, Paula Jennings, Monica Montero-Lomeli, and Leopoldo de Meis. "Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase of sea cucumber smooth muscle: regulation by K+ and ATP." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 126, no. 2 (June 2000): 263–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1095-6433(00)00197-5.

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16

Tan, Jie, Xuejiang Wang, Liang Wang, Xiaoqun Zhou, Changlin Liu, Jianlong Ge, Li Bian, and Siqing Chen. "Transcriptomic responses to air exposure stress in coelomocytes of the sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D: Genomics and Proteomics 42 (June 2022): 100963. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbd.2022.100963.

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17

Liu, Xiaolu, Chenggang Lin, Lina Sun, Shilin Liu, Jingchun Sun, Libin Zhang, and Hongsheng Yang. "Transcriptome analysis of phototransduction-related genes in tentacles of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D: Genomics and Proteomics 34 (June 2020): 100675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbd.2020.100675.

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18

Thurmond, F., and J. Trotter. "Morphology and biomechanics of the microfibrillar network of sea cucumber dermis." Journal of Experimental Biology 199, no. 8 (August 1, 1996): 1817–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.199.8.1817.

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The principal component of the body wall of the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa is a dermis consisting of collagen fibrils, microfibrils, proteoglycans and other soluble and insoluble components. A major structural constituent of the dermis is a network of 1014 nm diameter microfibrils, which surrounds and penetrates bundles of collagen fibrils. This network has been extracted and purified using guanidine and bacterial collagenase. Tensile testing of the microfibrillar network in artificial sea water demonstrates that it is reversibly extensible up to approximately 300 % of its initial length. It behaves like a viscoelastic solid, having a long-range elastic component as well as a time-dependent viscous component. Reduction and alkylation of the cysteine residues in the network do not change its breaking strain or strength, but greatly increase the compliance of the network until, near the breaking strain, the tensile resistance rapidly increases. These data suggest that the strength of the network is due to non-reducible crosslinks, while its elasticity is dependent upon disulfide bonds. In deionized water, the network becomes swollen and, although it remains elastic, is much more compliant than when tested in artificial sea water. Examination of whole tissues and purified networks with the electron microscope reveals structures similar to vertebrate fibrillin-containing microfibrils. Considering that the dermis of C. frondosa is a mechanically mutable tissue in which elongation is accompanied by the sliding of collagen fibrils past one another, the microfibrillar network may act to maintain the orientation of fibrillar components during movement and may also provide a long-range restoring force.

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19

Goad, L. J., F. X. Garneau, J. L. Simard, J. W. Apsimon, and M. Girard. "Composition of the free, esterified and sulphated sterols of the sea cucumber Psolus fabricii." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry 84, no. 2 (January 1986): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(86)90204-x.

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20

Zhang, Shuangyan, Libin Zhang, Xiaoshang Ru, Kui Ding, and Qiming Feng. "Transcriptome analysis of gender-biased CYP genes in gonads of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D: Genomics and Proteomics 38 (June 2021): 100790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100790.

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21

Charan-Dixon, Hannah, Sharyn J. Goldstien, Beth J. Vanderhaven, Tuikolongahau Halafihi, Tonga Latu Tuiano, Sally Gaw, and Chris N. Glover. "Effects of traditional fishing techniques on internal organ regeneration, physiology, and biochemistry in the tropical sea cucumber Stichopus horrens." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 510 (January 2019): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2018.09.007.

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22

Koob, T. J., M. M. Koob-Emunds, and J. A. Trotter. "Cell-derived stiffening and plasticizing factors in sea cucumber (Cucumaria frondosa) dermis." Journal of Experimental Biology 202, no. 17 (September 1, 1999): 2291–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.202.17.2291.

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The stiffness of holothurian dermis can be altered experimentally in vitro by changing the concentration of extracellular Ca(2+). Previous experiments with Cucumaria frondosa have established that these Ca(2+) effects are due to Ca(2+)-dependent cellular processes rather than to direct effects of Ca(2+) on the extracellular matrix. The present report describes two protein factors that are released from cells of C. frondosa dermis by membrane lysis and that directly alter the stiffness of the extracellular matrix. One factor, isolated from the inner dermis, increased tissue stiffness in the absence of Ca(2+). The second factor, from the outer dermis, decreased tissue stiffness in the presence of normal Ca(2+) levels. The relative abundance of these two factors in the inner and outer dermis suggests the possibility that the cells that control tissue stiffness are spatially segregated. Both factors were partially purified under non-denaturing conditions by anion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. The partially purified protein preparations retained biological activity. These results suggest that the stiffness of sea cucumber dermis is regulated by cell-mediated secretion of either the stiffening or plasticizing protein and that alterations in dermis stiffness brought about by manipulation of Ca(2+) levels are mediated by effects on secretion of one or both of these proteins.

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23

Demeuldre, Mélanie, Elise Hennebert, Marie Bonneel, Birgit Lengerer, Séverine Van Dyck, Ruddy Wattiez, Peter Ladurner, and Patrick Flammang. "Mechanical adaptability of sea cucumber Cuvierian tubules involves a mutable collagenous tissue." Journal of Experimental Biology 220, no. 11 (April 3, 2017): 2108–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.145706.

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24

Takito, Jiro, and Kazuhiko Konishi. "Effects of native thin filaments from sea cucumber on the Mg2+-ATPase activity of myosin." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry 88, no. 4 (January 1987): 1067–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(87)90006-x.

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25

Kühnhold, Holger, Sara C. Novais, Luis M. F. Alves, Elham Kamyab, Marco F. L. Lemos, Matthew J. Slater, and Andreas Kunzmann. "Acclimation capability inferred by metabolic performance in two sea cucumber species from different latitudes." Journal of Thermal Biology 84 (August 2019): 407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.07.019.

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26

Tian, Yi, Yanpeng Shang, Ran Guo, Jun Ding, Xiaoyu Li, and Yaqing Chang. "miR-10 involved in salinity-induced stress responses and targets TBC1D5 in the sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicas." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 242 (April 2020): 110406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2019.110406.

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27

Yu, Haibo, Qinfeng Gao, Shuanglin Dong, Yiran Hou, and Bin Wen. "Change of digestive physiology in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) induced by corn kernels meal and soybean meal in diets." Journal of Ocean University of China 15, no. 4 (May 23, 2016): 697–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11802-016-2985-x.

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28

Guo, Liyuan, Zhenhui Wang, Weibo Shi, Yinan Wang, and Qiang Li. "Transcriptome analysis reveals roles of polian vesicle in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus response to Vibrio splendidus infection." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D: Genomics and Proteomics 40 (December 2021): 100877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100877.

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29

Sun, Lina, Muyan Chen, Hongsheng Yang, Tianming Wang, Baozhong Liu, Cynthia Shu, and David M. Gardiner. "Large scale gene expression profiling during intestine and body wall regeneration in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D: Genomics and Proteomics 6, no. 2 (June 2011): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbd.2011.03.002.

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30

Zhang, Libin, Qiming Feng, Lina Sun, Kui Ding, Da Huo, Yan Fang, Tao Zhang, and Hongsheng Yang. "Differential gene expression in the intestine of sea cucumber ( Apostichopus japonicus ) under low and high salinity conditions." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D: Genomics and Proteomics 25 (March 2018): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbd.2017.11.001.

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31

Rojas-Cartagena, Carmencita, Pablo Ortíz-Pineda, Francisco Ramírez-Gómez, Edna C. Suárez-Castillo, Vanessa Matos-Cruz, Carlos Rodríguez, Humberto Ortíz-Zuazaga, and José E. García-Arrarás. "Distinct profiles of expressed sequence tags during intestinal regeneration in the sea cucumberHolothuria glaberrima." Physiological Genomics 31, no. 2 (October 2007): 203–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00228.2006.

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Repair and regeneration are key processes for tissue maintenance, and their disruption may lead to disease states. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms that underline the repair and regeneration of the digestive tract. The sea cucumber Holothuria glaberrima represents an excellent model to dissect and characterize the molecular events during intestinal regeneration. To study the gene expression profile, cDNA libraries were constructed from normal, 3-day, and 7-day regenerating intestines of H. glaberrima. Clones were randomly sequenced and queried against the nonredundant protein database at the National Center for Biotechnology Information. RT-PCR analyses were made of several genes to determine their expression profile during intestinal regeneration. A total of 5,173 sequences from three cDNA libraries were obtained. About 46.2, 35.6, and 26.2% of the sequences for the normal, 3-days, and 7-days cDNA libraries, respectively, shared significant similarity with known sequences in the protein database of GenBank but only present 10% of similarity among them. Analysis of the libraries in terms of functional processes, protein domains, and most common sequences suggests that a differential expression profile is taking place during the regeneration process. Further examination of the expressed sequence tag dataset revealed that 12 putative genes are differentially expressed at significant level ( R > 6). Experimental validation by RT-PCR analysis reveals that at least three genes (unknown C-4677-1, melanotransferrin, and centaurin) present a differential expression during regeneration. These findings strongly suggest that the gene expression profile varies among regeneration stages and provide evidence for the existence of differential gene expression.

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32

Zhuo, Pengji, Kui Ding, Beini Deng, Kaiqi Lai, Shuangli Zhang, Libin Zhang, and Hongsheng Yang. "The effect of 2,2′,4,4′-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) on locomotor behaviour and muscle physiology of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus." Marine Pollution Bulletin 185 (December 2022): 114198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114198.

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33

李, 宝山. "Effects of Replacing Algae Powder by Fermented Soybean Meal on Growth and Digestive Physiology of Juvenile Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus Selenka." Advances in Marine Sciences 05, no. 02 (2018): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ams.2018.52011.

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34

Li, Gao, Yu Zhou, Wu-Yue Yang, Chen Zhang, Liu Hong, and Lee Jia. "Inhibitory Effects of Sulfated Polysaccharides from the Sea Cucumber Cucumaria Frondosa against Aβ40 Aggregation and Cytotoxicity." ACS Chemical Neuroscience 12, no. 11 (May 17, 2021): 1854–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00223.

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35

Xing, Lili, Lina Sun, Shilin Liu, Libin Zhang, Jingchun Sun, and Hongsheng Yang. "Metabolomic analysis of white, green and purple morphs of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus during body color pigmentation process." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D: Genomics and Proteomics 39 (September 2021): 100827. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100827.

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36

Ding, Kui, Libin Zhang, Lina Sun, Chenggang Lin, Qiming Feng, Shuangyan Zhang, Hongsheng Yang, Richard Brinkman, Gang Lin, and Zhen Huang. "Transcriptome analysis provides insights into the molecular mechanisms responsible for evisceration behavior in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D: Genomics and Proteomics 30 (June 2019): 143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbd.2019.02.008.

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37

Van Dyck, Séverine, Pascal Gerbaux, and Patrick Flammang. "Elucidation of molecular diversity and body distribution of saponins in the sea cucumber Holothuria forskali (Echinodermata) by mass spectrometry." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 152, no. 2 (February 2009): 124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.10.011.

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38

Li, Shilei, Zunchun Zhou, Ying Dong, Hongjuan Sun, Shan Gao, Zhong Chen, Aifu Yang, Weidong Liu, and Qingzhi Wang. "Molecular characterization, expression analysis of the myostatin gene and its association with growth traits in sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus)." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 201 (November 2016): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2016.06.005.

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39

Qi, H., X. P. Dong, L. N. Cong, Y. Gao, L. Liu, T. Mikiro, and B. W. Zhu. "Purification and characterization of a cysteine-like protease from the body wall of the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus." Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 33, no. 2 (February 16, 2007): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10695-007-9129-6.

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40

Motokawa, T. "Effects of ionic environment on viscosity of Triton-extracted catch connective tissue of a sea cucumber body wall." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry 109, no. 4 (December 1994): 613–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(94)90124-4.

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41

Li, Changlin, Wang Zhao, Chuanxin Qin, Gang Yu, Zhenhua Ma, Yu Guo, Wanni Pan, Zhengyi Fu, Xingmei Huang, and Jisheng Chen. "Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals changes in gene expression in sea cucumber (Holothuria leucospilota) in response to acute temperature stress." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D: Genomics and Proteomics 40 (December 2021): 100883. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100883.

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42

Xu, Ke, Qiuhan Yu, Jianshe Zhang, Zhenming Lv, Wandong Fu, and Tianming Wang. "Cell loss by apoptosis is involved in the intestinal degeneration that occurs during aestivation in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 216 (February 2018): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.11.004.

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43

Byrne, M. "The morphology of autotomy structures in the sea cucumber Eupentacta quinquesemita before and during evisceration." Journal of Experimental Biology 204, no. 5 (March 1, 2001): 849–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.204.5.849.

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Evisceration in the dendrochirotid sea cucumber Eupentacta quinquesemita is a whole-body response involving a predictable series of events including muscle contraction and failure of three autotomy structures: (i) the introvert, the dexterous anterior extensible portion of the body wall, (ii) the tendon linking the pharyngeal retractor muscle to the longitudinal body wall muscle and (iii) the intestine-cloacal junction. The autotomy structures are histologically complex, consisting of muscle, nervous and connective tissue. Autotomy resulted from complete loss in the tensility of the connective tissue ground substance. Separation of the autotomy structures was facilitated by muscle contraction. The cell and tissue changes involved with autotomy were documented by microscopic examination of autotomising tissue. Change in the autotomy structures appears to initiate from the peritoneal side with delamination of the peritoneum followed by a wave of disruption as the connective tissue is infiltrated by coelomic fluid. Evisceration and autotomy in E. quinquesemita are neurally controlled, so particular attention was paid to the fate of neuronal elements. Neurosecretory-like processes containing large dense vesicles and axons were present in the connective tissue layers of the autotomy structures in association with extracellular matrix, muscles and neurons. These neuronal elements remained largely intact during autotomy and did not appear to be a source of factors that effect connective tissue change. They may, however, be involved in muscle activity. Holothuroid autotomy structures are completely or partially bathed in coelomic fluid, so there is potential for hormonal or neurosecretory activity using the coelomic fluid as a conduit. Connective tissue change during evisceration appears to be effected or mediated by an evisceration factor present in coelomic fluid that has a direct transmitter-like or neurosecretory-like mode of operation. The final outcome, expulsion of the viscera, is likely to result from a suite of factors that interact in a manner yet to be determined.

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Zhang, Bing, Jing‐Wen Yang, Tao Han, De‐Xiang Huang, Zi‐Hao Zhao, Jia‐Qian Feng, Nai‐Ming Zhou, Hong‐Qing Xie, and Tian‐Ming Wang. "Identification and characterization of a novel 5‐hydroxytryptamine receptor in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka)." Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological and Integrative Physiology 335, no. 3 (March 2021): 367–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.2450.

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Gao, Lei, Zihao Yuan, Simeng Yu, Yujia Yang, Yunfeng Li, and Chongbo He. "Genome-wide identification of HSP70/110 genes in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus and comparative analysis of their involvement in aestivation." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D: Genomics and Proteomics 28 (December 2018): 162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbd.2018.07.005.

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Chen, Yang, Yingying Li, Yaoyao Zhan, Wanbin Hu, Jingxian Sun, Weijie Zhang, Jian Song, Dantong Li, and Yaqing Chang. "Identification of molecular markers for superior quantitative traits in a novel sea cucumber strain by comparative microRNA-mRNA expression profiling." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D: Genomics and Proteomics 35 (September 2020): 100686. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbd.2020.100686.

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Elango, Jeevithan, Chunyu Hou, Bin Bao, Shujun Wang, José Eduardo Maté Sánchez de Val, and Wu Wenhui. "The Molecular Interaction of Collagen with Cell Receptors for Biological Function." Polymers 14, no. 5 (February 23, 2022): 876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14050876.

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Collagen, an extracellular protein, covers the entire human body and has several important biological functions in normal physiology. Recently, collagen from non-human sources has attracted attention for therapeutic management and biomedical applications. In this regard, both land-based animals such as cow, pig, chicken, camel, and sheep, and marine-based resources such as fish, octopus, starfish, sea-cucumber, and jellyfish are widely used for collagen extraction. The extracted collagen is transformed into collagen peptides, hydrolysates, films, hydrogels, scaffolds, sponges and 3D matrix for food and biomedical applications. In addition, many strategic ideas are continuously emerging to develop innovative advanced collagen biomaterials. For this purpose, it is important to understand the fundamental perception of how collagen communicates with receptors of biological cells to trigger cell signaling pathways. Therefore, this review discloses the molecular interaction of collagen with cell receptor molecules to carry out cellular signaling in biological pathways. By understanding the actual mechanism, this review opens up several new concepts to carry out next level research in collagen biomaterials.

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Chan, Qixia, Fuqiang Wang, Lidong Shi, Xue Ren, Tongjun Ren, and Yuzhe Han. "Effects of chronic dietary hexavalent chromium on bioaccumulation and immune responses in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology 252 (February 2022): 109218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109218.

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Zeng, Fanshuang, Lin Wu, Xue Ren, Bingwen Xu, Shuchang Cui, Muzi Li, Wenbo Chen, Yuzhe Han, and Tongjun Ren. "Effects of chronic prometryn exposure on antioxidative status, intestinal morphology, and microbiota in sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus)." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology 250 (December 2021): 109187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109187.

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Sun, Jiamin, Jean-François Hamel, and Annie Mercier. "Influence of flow on locomotion, feeding behaviour and spatial distribution of a suspension-feeding sea cucumber." Journal of Experimental Biology 221, no. 20 (August 20, 2018): jeb189597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.189597.

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