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Salomon, Richard, and Adhir Chakravarti. "The Sdok Kak Thoṃ Inscription." Journal of the American Oriental Society 106, no. 4 (October 1986): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/603584.
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Bourke, Martin. "Stories in Stone: The Sdok Kok Thom Inscription and the Enigma of Khmer History." Asian Affairs 43, no. 1 (March 2012): 155–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03068374.2012.642601.
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Zarychta, Roksana, Adrian Zarychta, and Katarzyna Bzdęga. "Progress in the Reconstruction of Terrain Relief Before Extraction of Rock Materials—The Case of Liban Quarry, Poland." Remote Sensing 12, no. 10 (May 13, 2020): 1548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12101548.
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Open pit mining leads to irreversible changes in topographical relief, which makes a return to the original morphology virtually impossible. This is important for quarries that were part of former mining areas. This research presents an innovative approach to the reconstruction of the relief of anthropogenically transformed land on the example of Liban Quarry in Cracow, where operations began before 1873 to 1986. The basis for the reconstructed area was a Topographic Map of Poland with a scale 1:10,000 from 1997, from which a set of data was obtained to perform spatial analyses. The estimation was conducted using the ordinary kriging method, enabling a reconstruction of the morphology of the studied area and presenting it in the form of a hypsometric map and a digital elevation model. The correctness of the modelling was verified by cross-validation and a kriging standard deviation map (SDOK). These revealed low values of estimation errors in the places without contour lines on the base map. The comparison of the obtained maps and model with a Tactical Map of Poland with a scale 1:100,000 from 1934 indicated great similarities. The highest interpolation error value was recorded in the part of the pit where the difference between the actual and reconstructed elevation was about 30 m on average. In the exploited part, the SDOK did not exceed 0.52 m, and in the entire studied area, it reached a maximum of 0.56 m. The proposed approach fulfilled the assumptions of reconstruction, as the analysis revealed elements matching the historic relief in both forms of presentation of the topography of the quarry, on the obtained hypsometric map and on the tactical map. Our study is among the very few in the world concerning the application of geostatistics in the restoration of the relief of land transformed by open pit mining activities.
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Arifianto, M. Himawan T. "Orientasi dominasi sosial sebagai alternatif untuk melihat sikap implisit terhadap sistem sosial yang timpang: Adaptasi skala Orientasi Dominasi Sosial7 (SDO7 scale)." Jurnal Psikologi Sosial 15, no. 2 (August 28, 2017): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7454/jps.2017.10.
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Penelitian ini merupakan adaptasi dari konseptualisasi dan pengukuran yang baru dari orientasi dominasi sosial (perbedaan individu pada preferensi untuk hirarki dan ketimpangan berbasis kelompok) yang dinamakan SDO7S. Alat ukur SDO7S ini memiliki dua dimensi, yaitu dominasi (SDO-D) dan egalitarian (SDO-E). SDO-D merupakan preferensi untuk sistem dominasi berbasis kelompok, yang mewakili penjelasan bahawa kelompok dengan status tinggi secara langsung menekan kelompok dengan status rendah. SDO-E merupakan preferensi dari sistem ketimpangan berbasis kelompok yang dipertahankan dengan hubungan antara ideologi dan pengaturan sosial yang mendukung adanya hierarki dalam sistem sosial. Adaptasi SDO7S ini melibatkan 200 partisipan (69% perempuan; Musia= 21.6 tahun). Dalam adaptasi alat ukur ini, ditemukan dua item yang bermasalah, yaitu item nomor 1 (SDO1) dan 2 (SDO2). Kedua item ini dikeluarkan dari analisis. Hasil uji reliabilitas menunjukkan bahwa alat ukur adaptasi SDO7S merupakan alat ukur yang reliabel, begitu juga dengan uji validitas yang mengukur bahwa alat ukur adaptasi SDO7S merupakan alat yang valid dalam mengukur orientasi dominasi sosial. Hasil analisis faktor konfirmatori menunjukkan bahwa model dua dimensi dalam orientasi dominasi sosial, yaitu dominasi (SDO-D) dan egalitarian (SDO-E) tidak fit dengan data. Sedangkan model empat faktor dari orientasi dominasi sosial (D-Pro, D-Con, E-Pro, dan E-Con) merupakan model teoretis yang sesuai dengan data. Adaptasi alat ukur SDO7S menunjukkan bahwa pengukuran orientasi dominasi sosial memiliki empat faktor, yang terdiri dari dua dimensi dan masing-masing dua sub-dimensi pada dimensinya.
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Bagui, Sikha, and Richard Sweetman. "Modeling Service Data Objects (SDOs) to the Entity-Relationship (ER) Model." International Journal of Information Technology and Web Engineering 7, no. 3 (July 2012): 14–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitwe.2012070102.
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In this paper the authors present a conceptual framework for translating Service Data Objects (SDOs) and XML’s SDOs to the Entity Relational (ER) Model. With the increasing dependence on service oriented architectures and the increasing need for SDOs in service oriented architectures (SOA), it is important to have a good understanding of SDOs in terms of the ER model so that SDOs can be easily converted to the relational model. In this paper they show how common SDO constructs and XML’s SDO constructs conceptually map to the ER model.
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Liu, Honglei, Yufeng Xin, and Luying Xun. "Distribution, Diversity, and Activities of Sulfur Dioxygenases in Heterotrophic Bacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 5 (January 3, 2014): 1799–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03281-13.
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ABSTRACTSulfur oxidation by chemolithotrophic bacteria is well known; however, sulfur oxidation by heterotrophic bacteria is often ignored. Sulfur dioxygenases (SDOs) (EC 1.13.11.18) were originally found in the cell extracts of some chemolithotrophic bacteria as glutathione (GSH)-dependent sulfur dioxygenases. GSH spontaneously reacts with elemental sulfur to generate glutathione persulfide (GSSH), and SDOs oxidize GSSH to sulfite and GSH. However, SDOs have not been characterized for bacteria, including chemolithotrophs. The gene coding for human SDO (human ETHE1 [hETHE1]) in mitochondria was discovered because its mutations lead to a hereditary human disease, ethylmalonic encephalopathy. Using sequence analysis and activity assays, we discovered three subgroups of bacterial SDOs in the proteobacteria and cyanobacteria. Ten selected SDO genes were cloned and expressed inEscherichia coli, and the recombinant proteins were purified. The SDOs used Fe2+for catalysis and displayed considerable variations in specific activities. The wide distribution of SDO genes reveals the likely source of the hETHE1 gene and highlights the potential of sulfur oxidation by heterotrophic bacteria.
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Braunsberger, Karin, Richard O. Flamm, and Brian Buckler. "The Relationship between Social Dominance Orientation and Dietary/Lifestyle Choices." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 9, 2021): 8901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168901.
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This research aims to: (1) examine the construct social dominance orientation (SDO) in a setting that expands group hierarchy to include prejudices and dominance toward animals; (2) compare predictive validity and internal consistency between the 16-item SDO6 and the 4-item SSDO; and (3) test whether the SDO6 and the SSDO scales predict well in a consumer behavior oriented contextual setting. Predictive validity of the SSDO was almost as high as that of the SSD6; internal reliability, however, was considerably lower. Further, as hypothesized, individuals exhibiting lower levels of SDO, as assessed by both SDO6 and SSDO, exhibit lower levels of speciesism as well as higher levels of empathic concern. In addition, as hypothesized, ethical vegans, as compared to carnists, display lower levels of SDO and speciesism, and higher levels of empathic concern.
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Contreras, Jorge L. "Aggregated Royalties for Top-Down FRAND Determinations." Antitrust Bulletin 62, no. 4 (November 14, 2017): 690–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003603x17733347.
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In an environment in which widely adopted technical standards may each be covered by large numbers of patents, there have been increasing calls for courts to determine “fair, reasonable, and nondiscriminatory” (FRAND) royalties payable to holders of standards-essential patents (SEPs) using “top-down” methodologies. Top-down royalty approaches begin with the aggregate royalty that should be payable with respect to all SEPs covering a particular standard, and then allocate a portion of the total to individual SEPs. Top-down approaches avoid many drawbacks associated with bottom-up approaches in which royalties for individual SEPs are assessed, often in an inconsistent and piecemeal manner, without regard for the other SEPs that cover the standard. Yet despite the potential benefits of top-down methodologies, one of the most promising means for determining aggregate royalty levels—joint agreement by the members of the relevant standards-development organization (SDO)—has gained little traction. The idea of SDO participants jointly negotiating FRAND royalties attracted the attention of commentators and antitrust agencies about a decade ago, when a handful of SDOs began to explore mandatory ex ante rate disclosure requirements. But few SDOs adopted such policies, and joint negotiations were never incorporated into the mainstream standardization process. One reason that SDOs have been hesitant to endorse joint royalty negotiations is the perceived risk of antitrust liability arising from concerted action among competitors. But as numerous commentators and antitrust officials have reiterated, this fear is largely misplaced in the context of industry standard-setting. Thus, SDOs should follow the lead of patent pools and begin more actively to determine aggregate patent royalty burdens for standards that they develop. In addition, antitrust and competition authorities should assure the market that collective agreement on aggregate royalty rates alone should not give rise to antitrust liability.
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Franklin, Donna, Vanessa Pinfold, Jonathan Bindman, and Graham Thornicroft. "Consultant psychiatrists' experiences of using supervised discharge Results of a national survey." Psychiatric Bulletin 24, no. 11 (November 2000): 412–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.24.11.412.
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Aims and MethodSupervised discharge orders (SDOs) enable a degree of compulsion to be exerted over patients in the community. We aimed to establish the level of, and reasons for, their use and consultants' perceptions of their effectiveness. All mental health provider NHS trusts in England were surveyed, and a random sample cohort of cases was identified. Community responsible medical officers (CRMOs) were surveyed using a semi-structured questionnaire.ResultsWe identified 596 cases subject to SDOs in 170 mental health provider trusts (100%) in England, involving 18% of consultant psychiatrists. Responses were obtained from the CRMOs of 185 patients (84%) from a sample of 221 cases. The SDO was described as helpful or very helpful in 77% of cases in which it had been in place for over 2 months. In 58% of cases the SDO was intended to improve medication compliance, and in 46% of these cases it was perceived to be effective in doing so.Clinical ImplicationsSDOs are not widely used in England. However, for those patients who are made subject to supervised discharge, the order appears to be effective and may improve medication compliance, despite the absence of the legal power to enforce treatment.
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Kimura, M., S. Ogishima, A. Shabo, I. K. Kim, C. Parisot, B. de Faria Leao, and J. Nakaya. "Future Direction of IMIA Standardization." Yearbook of Medical Informatics 23, no. 01 (August 2014): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15265/iy-2014-0010.
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Summary Objectives: Standardization in the field of health informatics has increased its importance and global alliance for establishing interoperability and compatibility internationally. Standardization has been organized by standard development organizations (SDOs) such as ISO (International Organization for Standardization), CEN (European Committee for Standardization), IHE (Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise), and HL7 (Health Level 7), etc. This paper reports the status of these SDOs’ activities. Methods: In this workshop, we reviewed the past activities and the current situation of standardization in health care informatics with the standard development organizations such as ISO, CEN, IHE, and HL7. Then we discussed the future direction of standardization in health informatics toward “future medicine” based on standardized technologies. Results: We could share the status of each SDO through exchange of opinions in the workshop. Some WHO members joined our discussion to support this constructive activity. Conclusion: At this meeting, the workshop speakers have been appointed as new members of the IMIA working groups of Standards in Health Care Informatics (WG16). We could reach to the conclusion that we collaborate for the international standardization in health informatics toward “future medicine”.
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Harris, Marcelline R., Laura Heermann Langford, Holly Miller, Mary Hook, Patricia C. Dykes, and Susan A. Matney. "Harmonizing and extending standards from a domain-specific and bottom-up approach: an example from development through use in clinical applications." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 22, no. 3 (February 10, 2015): 545–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocu020.
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Abstract Objective Currently, the processes for harmonizing and extending standards by leveraging the knowledge within local documentation artifacts are not well described. We describe a collaborative project to develop common information models, terminology bindings, and term definitions based on nursing documentation systems, and carry the findings through to the adoption in standards development organizations (SDOs) and technical implementations in clinical applications. Materials and Methods Nursing flowsheet documents from six large organizations were analyzed to generate a common information model and terminologies that fully expressed documentation across all systems, and were sufficient for evidence-based decision support, reporting, and analysis. Results Significant gaps in existing standards were identified. The models and terminologies were submitted to and incorporated by SDOs, are published, implemented, and now serving as a foundation for an eMeasure. Discussion There are few examples in the literature of success working through the standards development process from a bottom-up perspective. Subsequently, standards do not yet fully address the need for detailed clinical data that enables, for example, decision support as well as a range of reporting and analytic requirements. Recommendations from this project include transparent processes within SDOs, registries that make models and associated terminologies freely available, and coordinated governance processes. Conclusion We demonstrated the feasibility of using documentation artifacts in a bottom-up approach to develop common models and sets of terms that are complete from the perspective of clinical implementation. Importantly, we demonstrated a process by which a community of practice can contribute to closing gaps in existing standards using SDO processes.
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Heber, U. "Atmospheres and Abundances of Blue Horizontal Branch Stars and Related Objects." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 145 (1991): 363–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900227502.
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Spectroscopic analyses of blue horizontal branch stars, subluminous B- and O-stars and PG 1159 stars are reviewed. These classes of stars trace stellar evolution from the horizontal branch towards the white dwarf cooling sequence. The impact of Non-LTE model atmospheres for the analyses of sdO and PG 1159 stars is outlined. The resulting atmospheric parameters and abundances are used to obtain constraints on the evolutionary status of the different classes of stars. The sdB stars form a homogeneous group and can be identified with models of the extended horizontal branch. Abundance anomalies (deficiency of helium and some metals, enrichment of 3He) observed in Horizontal Branch stars and sdB stars do not give hints to the stars' evolutionary history but are caused by atmospheric diffusion. The class of subluminous O stars is much less homogenous and two subclasses can be defined: the “compact” sdO stars probably evolved from the extended horizontal branch and are hence successors of the sdBs, whereas some sdOs of relatively low gravity are in a post-AGB stage of evolution. The third class, the PG 1159 stars, are amongst the hottest stars known with effective temperatures exceeding 100,000 K and are immediate progenitors of the white dwarfs. The abundance pattern is dominated by carbon and helium with a significant admixture of oxygen, whereas hydrogen and nitrogen are trace elements only. As in the case of the (helium rich) sdO stars these abundances indicate that nuclear processed material is exposed at the stellar surface. The origin of the PG 1159 stars as well as of the “low gravity” sdO stars can be explained by the born-again post-AGB star scenario of Iben et al. (1983).
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Jeffery, C. S., B. Miszalski, and E. Snowdon. "The SALT survey of helium-rich hot subdwarfs: methods, classification, and coarse analysis." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 501, no. 1 (November 21, 2020): 623–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3648.
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ABSTRACT A medium- and high-resolution spectroscopic survey of helium-rich hot subdwarfs is being carried out using the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT). Objectives include the discovery of exotic hot subdwarfs and of sequences connecting chemically peculiar subdwarfs of different types. The first phase consists of medium-resolution spectroscopy of over 100 stars selected from low-resolution surveys. This paper describes the selection criteria, and the observing, classification, and analysis methods. It presents 107 spectral classifications on the MK-like Drilling system and 106 coarse analyses (${T_{\rm eff}}, \log g, \log y$) based on a hybrid grid of zero-metal non-LTE and line-blanketed LTE model atmospheres. For 75 stars, atmospheric parameters have been derived for the first time. The sample may be divided into six distinct groups including the classical ‘helium-rich’ sdO stars with spectral types (Sp) sdO6.5–sdB1 (74) comprising carbon-rich (35) and carbon-weak (39) stars, very hot He-sdO’s with Sp ≲ sdO6 (13), extreme helium stars with luminosity class ≲5 (5), intermediate helium-rich subdwarfs with helium class 25–35 (8), and intermediate helium-rich subdwarfs with helium class 10–25 (6). The last covers a narrow spectral range (sdB0–sdB1) including two known and four candidate heavy-metal subdwarfs. Within other groups are several stars of individual interest, including an extremely metal-poor helium star, candidate double-helium subdwarf binaries, and a candidate low-gravity He-sdO star.
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Reshetnyak, Evgeniya, Mariella Ntamatungiro, Laura C. Pinheiro, Virginia J. Howard, April P. Carson, Kimberly D. Martin, and Monika M. Safford. "Impact of Multiple Social Determinants of Health on Incident Stroke." Stroke 51, no. 8 (August 2020): 2445–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.120.028530.
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Background and Purpose: Social determinants of health (SDOH) have been previously associated with incident stroke. Although SDOH often cluster within individuals, few studies have examined associations between incident stroke and multiple SDOH within the same individual. The objective was to determine the individual and cumulative effects of SDOH on incident stroke. Methods: This study included 27 813 participants from the REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) Study, a national, representative, prospective cohort of black and white adults aged ≥45 years. SDOH was the primary exposure. The main outcome was expert adjudicated incident stroke. Cox proportional hazards models examined associations between incident stroke and SDOH, individually and as a count of SDOH, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: The mean age was 64.7 years (SD 9.4) at baseline; 55.4% were women and 40.4% were blacks. Over a median follow-up of 9.5 years (IQR, 6.0–11.5), we observed 1470 incident stroke events. Of 10 candidate SDOH, 7 were associated with stroke ( P <0.10): race, education, income, zip code poverty, health insurance, social isolation, and residence in one of the 10 lowest ranked states for public health infrastructure. A significant age interaction resulted in stratification at 75 years. In fully adjusted models, among individuals <75 years, risk of stroke rose as the number of SDOH increased (hazard ratio for one SDOH, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.02–1.55]; 2 SDOH hazard ratio, 1.38 [95% CI, 1.12–1.71]; and ≥3 SDOH hazard ratio, 1.51 [95% CI, 1.21–1.89]) compared with those without any SDOH. Among those ≥75 years, none of the observed effects reached statistical significance. Conclusions: Incremental increases in the number of SDOH were independently associated with higher incident stroke risk in adults aged <75 years, with no statistically significant effects observed in individuals ≥75 years. Targeting individuals with multiple SDOH may help reduce risk of stroke among vulnerable populations.
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Robins, Lauren, Kaprea Johnson, Alexandra Gantt, Dana Brookover, Brittany Suggs, Janelle Jones, and Megan Cannedy. " The Role of Human Services Providers in Addressing Social Determinants of Health." Journal of Human Services 40, no. 1 (March 2021): 83–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.52678/2021.6.
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Social determinants of health (SDOH) are circumstances in which people grow, live, work, and play. Unmet SDOH needs can adversely affect mental and physical health; however, to date, there are no comprehensive publications that highlight human services providers’ (HSPs’) role in addressing SDOH. This article defines SDOH, delineates HSPs’ role in addressing SDOH, and provides conceptual frameworks that can be used by HSPs to promote SDOH in practice. Special consideration is given for a collective approach that incorporates multiple frameworks to promote holistic practice and health equity. The article concludes with implications for HSPs, administrators, and educators.
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Fitriyah, Elza Nur. "Gambaran Situasi Sumber Daya Manusia Kesehatan (SDMK) Di Propinsi Jawa Timur." Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Media Husada 7, no. 1 (December 5, 2018): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33475/jikmh.v7i1.31.
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Menurut WHO (2006) tenaga kesehatan memberikan kontribusi hingga 80% dalam pembangunan kesehatan. Penetapan pengembangan sumber daya manusia kesehatan (SDMK) sebagai salah satu prioritas karena Indonesia masih menghadapi masalah ketenagaan , baik dari jumlah, jenis, kualitas maupun distribusinya. Rasio SDMK per 100.000 penduduk belum memenuhi target yang ditetapkan (WHO, 2011). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran situasi SDMK di Provinsi Jawa Timur Tahun 2015. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional menggunakan data sekunder. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah data SDMK tahun 2015 di Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Timur. Analisis deskriptif digunakan dalam menganalisis data untuk menggambarkan situasi (SDMK) di Provinsi Jawa Timur tahun 2015. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan jumlah SDMK sebagai berikut : jumlah dokter spesialis sebanyak 6.716, dokter umum sebanyak 6.460, dokter gigi sebanyak 2.178, bidan sebanyak 7.664, perawat sebanyak 33.050, tenaga kesehatan masyarakat sebanyak 1.410, tenaga kesehatan lingkungan sebanyak 446, tenaga kefarmasian sebanyak 3.131, tenaga gizi 608 dan jumlah tenaga keterapian fisik sebanyak 1.113. Kesimpulannya jumlah SDMK di Jawa Timur tahun 2015 paling banyak adalah dokter, bidan dan perawat. Pemerataan SDMK belum seluruhnya terjadi, sumber daya manusia kesehatan lebih banyak didapatkan di kota – kota besar sedangkan di kota lainnya cenderung lebih sedikit. Rasio SDMK pada tahun 2015 masih dibawah target Kepmenkes meski terdapat beberapa jenis SDMK yang mendekati target. Bagi instansi terkait diharapkan dapat mengoptimalkan upaya pemerataan sumber daya manusia kesehatan (SDMK) di kabupaten/kota agar distribusinya dapat merata sehingga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan terhadap masyarakat.
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Meyer, Dodi, Eva Lerner, Alex Phillips, and Katarina Zumwalt. "Universal Screening of Social Determinants of Health at a Large US Academic Medical Center, 2018." American Journal of Public Health 110, S2 (July 2020): S219—S221. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2020.305747.
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Universal screenings for social determinants of health (SDOH) are feasible at the health system level and enable institutions to identify unmet social needs that would otherwise go undiscovered. NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital implemented SDOH screenings together with clinical screenings in four outpatient primary care sites. Aligning SDOH screening with clinical screening was crucial for establishing provider buy-in and ensuring sustainability of screening for SDOH. Despite some challenges, universal screening for SDOH has allowed NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital to identify unmet needs to improve population health.
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Skolarus, Lesli E., Anjail Sharrief, Hannah Gardener, Carolyn Jenkins, and Bernadette Boden-Albala. "Considerations in Addressing Social Determinants of Health to Reduce Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Stroke Outcomes in the United States." Stroke 51, no. 11 (November 2020): 3433–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.120.030426.
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We write this article amid a global pandemic and a heightened awareness of the underlying structural racism in the United States, unmasked by the recent killing of George Floyd and multiple other unarmed Black Americans (Spring 2020). Our purpose is to highlight the role of social determinants of health (SDOH) on stroke disparities, to inspire dialogue, to encourage research to deepen our understanding of the mechanism by which SDOH impact stroke outcomes, and to develop strategies to address SDOH and reduce stroke racial/ethnic disparities. We begin by defining SDOH and health disparities in today’s context; we then move to discussing SDOH and stroke, particularly secondary stroke prevention, and conclude with possible approaches to addressing SDOH and reducing stroke disparities. These approaches include (1) building on prior work; (2) enhancing our understanding of populations and subpopulations, including intersectionality, of people who experience stroke disparities; (3) prioritizing populations and points along the stroke care continuum when racial/ethnic disparities are most prominent; (4) understanding how SDOH impact stroke disparities in order to test SDOH interventions that contribute to the disparity; (5) partnering with communities; and (6) exploring technological innovations. By building on the prior work and expanding efforts to address SDOH, we believe that stroke disparities can be reduced.
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Chen, Min, Xuan Tan, and Rema Padman. "Social determinants of health in electronic health records and their impact on analysis and risk prediction: A systematic review." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 27, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 1764–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocaa143.
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Abstract Objective This integrative review identifies and analyzes the extant literature to examine the integration of social determinants of health (SDoH) domains into electronic health records (EHRs), their impact on risk prediction, and the specific outcomes and SDoH domains that have been tracked. Materials and Methods In accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, we conducted a literature search in the PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases for English language studies published until March 2020 that examined SDoH domains in the context of EHRs. Results Our search strategy identified 71 unique studies that are directly related to the research questions. 75% of the included studies were published since 2017, and 68% were U.S.-based. 79% of the reviewed articles integrated SDoH information from external data sources into EHRs, and the rest of them extracted SDoH information from unstructured clinical notes in the EHRs. We found that all but 1 study using external area-level SDoH data reported minimum contribution to performance improvement in the predictive models. In contrast, studies that incorporated individual-level SDoH data reported improved predictive performance of various outcomes such as service referrals, medication adherence, and risk of 30-day readmission. We also found little consensus on the SDoH measures used in the literature and current screening tools. Conclusions The literature provides early and rapidly growing evidence that integrating individual-level SDoH into EHRs can assist in risk assessment and predicting healthcare utilization and health outcomes, which further motivates efforts to collect and standardize patient-level SDoH information.
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Rethorn, Zachary D., Alessandra N. Garcia, Chad E. Cook, and Oren N. Gottfried. "Quantifying the collective influence of social determinants of health using conditional and cluster modeling." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 5, 2020): e0241868. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241868.
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Objectives Our objective was to analyze the collective effect of social determinants of health (SDoH) on lumbar spine surgery outcomes utilizing two different statistical methods of combining variables. Methods This observational study analyzed data from the Quality Outcomes Database, a nationwide United States spine registry. Race/ethnicity, educational attainment, employment status, insurance payer, and gender were predictors of interest. We built two models to assess the collective influence of SDoH on outcomes following lumbar spine surgery—a stepwise model using each number of SDoH conditions present (0 of 5, 1 of 5, 2 of 5, etc) and a clustered subgroup model. Logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, multimorbidity, surgical indication, type of lumbar spine surgery, and surgical approach were performed to identify the odds of failing to demonstrate clinically meaningful improvements in disability, back pain, leg pain, quality of life, and patient satisfaction at 3- and 12-months following lumbar spine surgery. Results Stepwise modeling outperformed individual SDoH when 4 of 5 SDoH were present. Cluster modeling revealed 4 distinct subgroups. Disparities between the younger, minority, lower socioeconomic status and the younger, white, higher socioeconomic status subgroups were substantially wider compared to individual SDoH. Discussion Collective and cluster modeling of SDoH better predicted failure to demonstrate clinically meaningful improvements than individual SDoH in this cohort. Viewing social factors in aggregate rather than individually may offer more precise estimates of the impact of SDoH on outcomes.
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Zhang, T. Q., C. F. Drury, and B. D. Kay. "Soil dissolved organic carbon: Influences of water-filled pore space and red clover addition and relationships with microbial biomass carbon." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 84, no. 2 (May 1, 2004): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s02-030.
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Soil dissolved organic carbon (SDOC) plays an important role in organic C cycling and translocation of nutrients and pollutants in the soil profile. Soil microbial biomass C (MBC) has been used as an indicator of soil quality. Both SDOC and MBC may be affected by management practices and indigenous soil properties, which however are not fully understood. Using a laboratory incubation technique, we determined the effects of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) addition and soil water saturation as expressed in water-filled pore space (WFPS, 20-95%) on soil SDOC and MBC in three soils from Ontario. The levels of SDOC were the greatest at 20% WFPS, and decreased with increase s in WFPS up to 95%. In comparison with the control, addition of red clover increased SDOC by up to 72% at 20% WFPS, but the effect was minimal or insignificant at WFPS above 50%. Reduction of SDOC with increases of WFPS both with and without red clover was attributed to the increased mineralization of labile organic C, as indicated by CO2 production. Regardless of the legume amendment, soil available N (e.g., mineral N), labile organic C (e.g. initial level of SDOC) or the variable derived from these two measurements, available C:N ratio, were the factors predominately affecting dynamics of SDOC at WPFS from 20 to 50% after 1-mo incubation and at WFPS from 20 to 65% with extended incubation to 3-mo. Soil factors affecting SDOC at WFPS above 85% were total N and pH without red clover, but changed to organic C and soil labile organic C with red clover. High levels of MBC were found to occur mostly with the high WFPS, and were enhanced by red clover addition only in the Perth silt loam. Soil dissolved organic C was significantly related to MBC with WFPS from 20 to 65% without red clover. No relationships between SDOC and MBC were found at WFPS above 65% without red clover and at WFPS from 20 to 95% with red clover. Soil factors affecting SDOC and the availabili ty of SDOC to microbial activity are WFPS dependent and related to soil legume amendment. Key words: Red clover, water-filled pore space, dissolved organic C, microbial biomass C, CO2 emission
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Pollack, Jeffrey S., and Mitchell Singer. "SdeK, a Histidine Kinase Required for Myxococcus xanthus Development." Journal of Bacteriology 183, no. 12 (June 15, 2001): 3589–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.183.12.3589-3596.2001.
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ABSTRACT The sdeK gene is essential to the Myxococcus xanthus developmental process. We reported previously, based on sequence analysis (A. G. Garza, J. S. Pollack, B. Z. Harris, A. Lee, I. M. Keseler, E. F. Licking, and M. Singer, J. Bacteriol. 180:4628–4637, 1998), that SdeK appears to be a histidine kinase. In the present study, we have conducted both biochemical and genetic analyses to test the hypothesis that SdeK is a histidine kinase. An SdeK fusion protein containing an N-terminal polyhistidine tag (His-SdeK) displays the biochemical characteristics of a histidine kinase. Furthermore, histidine 286 of SdeK, the putative site of phosphorylation, is required for both in vitro and in vivo protein activity. The results of these assays have led us to conclude that SdeK is indeed a histidine kinase. The developmental phenotype of a ΔsdeK1 strain could not be rescued by codevelopment with wild-type cells, indicating that the defect is not due to the mutant's inability to produce an extracellular signal. Furthermore, the ΔsdeK1 mutant was found to produce both A- and C-signal, based on A-factor and codevelopment assays with acsgA mutant, respectively. The expression patterns of several Tn5lacZ transcriptional fusions were examined in the ΔsdeK1-null background, and we found that all C-signal-dependent fusions assayed also required SdeK for full expression. Our results indicate that SdeK is a histidine kinase that is part of a signal transduction pathway which, in concert with the C-signal transduction pathway, controls the activation of developmental-gene expression required to progress past the aggregation stage.
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Herrera, Carolina-Nicole, Annelise Brochier, Michelle Pellicer, Arvin Garg, and Mari-Lynn Drainoni. "Implementing Social Determinants of Health Screening at Community Health Centers: Clinician and Staff Perspectives." Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 10 (January 2019): 215013271988726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150132719887260.
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Purpose: Screening for social determinants of health (SDOH) during primary care office visits is recommended by pediatric and internal medicine professional guidelines. Less is known about how SDOH screening and service referral can be successfully integrated into clinical practice. Methods: Key informant interviews with 11 community health center (CHC) clinicians and staff members (medical assistants and case managers) were analyzed to identify themes related to integrating a SDOH screening and referral process (augmented WE CARE model) into their workflow. Results: CHC clinicians and staff believed the augmented WE CARE model benefited their patients and the CHC’s mission. Most clinicians found the model was easy to implement. Some staff members had difficulty prioritizing the nonclinical intervention and were confused about their roles and the role of the patient navigator. The eligibility requirements and time needed to access local SDOH resources frustrated clinicians. Discussion: SDOH screening and referral care models can help support the mission of CHCs by identifying unmet material needs. However, CHCs have organizational and administrative challenges that successful interventions must address. CHCs need clinical champions for SDOH models because the screening and follow-up processes involve clinical staff. Additional support for SDOH models might include piloting the SDOH screening model workflow and formalizing the workflow before implementation, including the specific roles for clinicians, staff, and patient navigators.
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Eleric, Charles. "Latin as an SDOV Language: The Evidence from Cicero." Journal of Latin Linguistics 3, no. 1 (January 1990): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joll.1990.3.1.1.
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AbstractBoth statistical and non-statistical analysis supports a claim that the Latin of Cicero is SDOV. Of 24 bitransitive strings from a representative sample, 21 show either the SDOV order or its common alternate SODV, or are principled departures from these orders, generally from SDOV. SDOV is the rule in clauses that are (1) discourse neutral, that (2) present special discourse challanges either because they involve gapped constituents or are expecially long, or that (3) have verbs of transfer that are lexically marked, e.g.
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Weng, Shiue-Shan, Ta-Chien Chan, Pei-Ying Hsu, and Shu-Fen Niu. "Neighbourhood Social Determinants of Health and Geographical Inequalities in Premature Mortality in Taiwan: A Spatiotemporal Approach." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13 (July 2, 2021): 7091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137091.
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Geographical inequalities in premature mortality and the role of neighbourhood social determinants of health (SDOH) have been less explored. This study aims to assess the geographical inequalities in premature mortality in Taiwan and how neighbourhood SDOH contribute to them and to examine the place-specific associations between neighbourhood SDOH and premature mortality. We used township-level nationwide data for the years 2015 to 2019, including age-standardized premature mortality rates and three upstream SDOH (ethnicity, education, and income). Space-time scan statistics were used to assess the geographical inequality in premature mortality. A geographical and temporal weighted regression was applied to assess spatial heterogeneity and how neighbourhood SDOH contribute to geographic variation in premature mortality. We found geographical inequality in premature mortality to be clearly clustered around mountainous rural and indigenous areas. The association between neighbourhood SDOH and premature mortality was shown to be area-specific. Ethnicity and education could explain nearly 84% variation in premature mortality. After adjusting for neighbourhood SDOH, only a handful of hotspots for premature mortality remained, mainly consisting of rural and indigenous areas in the central-south region of Taiwan. These findings provide empirical evidence for developing locally tailored public health programs for geographical priority areas.
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Deferio, Joseph J., Scott Breitinger, Dhruv Khullar, Amit Sheth, and Jyotishman Pathak. "Social determinants of health in mental health care and research: a case for greater inclusion." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 26, no. 8-9 (April 26, 2019): 895–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocz049.
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Abstract Social determinants of health (SDOH) are known to influence mental health outcomes, which are independent risk factors for poor health status and physical illness. Currently, however, existing SDOH data collection methods are ad hoc and inadequate, and SDOH data are not systematically included in clinical research or used to inform patient care. Social contextual data are rarely captured prospectively in a structured and comprehensive manner, leaving large knowledge gaps. Extraction methods are now being developed to facilitate the collection, standardization, and integration of SDOH data into electronic health records. If successful, these efforts may have implications for health equity, such as reducing disparities in access and outcomes. Broader use of surveys, natural language processing, and machine learning methods to harness SDOH may help researchers and clinical teams reduce barriers to mental health care.
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Cabin, William D. "HOME CARE SOCIAL WORKERS CLAIM MEDICARE IGNORES PATIENT NEEDS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1184.
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Abstract There is significant literature on the importance of addressing social determinants of health (SDOH) in order to improve health care outcomes. In response, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has expanded Medicare Advantage plans ability to cover SDOH-related services. Medicare home health does not cover SDOH-related services. A literature review indicates no studies on the nature, significance, or impacts of the lack of SDOH coverage in Medicare home health. This article summarizes an initial, exploratory study to address the literature gap, based on interviews of a convenience sample of 29 home care social workers between January 2013 and May 2014 in the New York City metropolitan area. Results indicate social workers believe the lack of SDOH coverage in Medicare home health results in exacerbation of existing patient conditions; creation of new, additional patient conditions; increased home care readmissions and re-hospitalizations; increased caregiver burden; and exacerbation of patients’ mental health and substance abuse needs. Policymakers are urged to consider adding coverage of SDOH to Medicare home health primarily through expanded social work coverage.
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Cabin, William. "Social Workers Assert Medicare Home Care Ignores Social Determinants of Health." Home Health Care Management & Practice 32, no. 4 (May 27, 2020): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1084822320923988.
Full textAbstract:
There is significant literature on the importance of addressing social determinants of health (SDOH) to improve health care outcomes. In response, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has expanded Medicare Advantage plans ability to cover SDOH-related services. Medicare home health does not cover SDOH-related services. A literature review indicates no studies on the nature, significance, or impacts of the lack of SDOH coverage in Medicare home health. This article summarizes an initial, exploratory study to address the literature gap, based on interviews of a convenience sample of 29 home care social workers between January 2013 and May 2014 in the New York City metropolitan area. Results indicate social workers believe the lack of SDOH coverage, including social work, in Medicare home health results in exacerbation of existing patient conditions; creation of new, additional patient conditions; increased home care readmissions and rehospitalizations; increased caregiver burden; and exacerbation of patients’ mental health and substance abuse needs. Policymakers are urged to consider adding coverage of social work and SDOH to Medicare home health.
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Syed, Zubair Imam, Mohd Shahir Liew, Muhammad Hasibul Hasan, and Srikanth Venkatesan. "Single-Degree-of-Freedom Based Pressure-Impulse Diagrams for Blast Damage Assessment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 567 (June 2014): 499–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.567.499.
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Pressure-impulse (P-I) diagrams, which relates damage with both impulse and pressure, are widely used in the design and damage assessment of structural elements under blast loading. Among many methods of deriving P-I diagrams, single degree of freedom (SDOF) models are widely used to develop P-I diagrams for damage assessment of structural members exposed to blast loading. The popularity of the SDOF method in structural response calculation in its simplicity and cost-effective approach that requires limited input data and less computational effort. The SDOF model gives reasonably good results if the response mode shape is representative of the real behaviour. Pressure-impulse diagrams based on SDOF models are derived based on idealised structural resistance functions and the effect of few of the parameters related to structural response and blast loading are ignored. Effects of idealisation of resistance function, inclusion of damping and load rise time on P-I diagrams constructed from SDOF models have been investigated in this study. In idealisation of load, the negative phase of the blast pressure pulse is ignored in SDOF analysis. The effect of this simplification has also been explored. Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB) codes were developed for response calculation of the SDOF system and for repeated analyses of the SDOF models to construct the P-I diagrams. Resistance functions were found to have significant effect on the P-I diagrams were observed. Inclusion of negative phase was found to have notable impact of the shape of P-I diagrams in the dynamic zone.
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Cai, Sih-Ting, Howard Degenholtz, and Hayley Germack. "SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH DRIVE EMERGENCY ROOM AND HOSPITAL USE BY DUAL ELIGIBLE AND DISABLED PENNSYLVANIANS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S964. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.3495.
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Abstract The study examined correlates and consequences of social determinants of health risk factors (SDoH) among dual eligible aged and disabled individuals; Pennsylvania is transitioning this population into a managed care plan with responsibility for care coordination and incentives to prevent hospitalization and nursing home placement. Medicaid and Medicare claims were used to identify people with SDoH based on ICD-10 codes in 2016 in four domains: economic insecurity, life stressors, physical dependence, and potential health hazards. Of 281,918 people, 38.6% had one or more SDoH. Among people with severe mental illnesses (SMI; schizophrenia, psychosis, major depressive disorder, or bipolar disorder), the prevalence of SDoH was 57.9%. Of people with one or more SDoH, 42% visited the ED, compared to only 32% of people with no SDoH. Economic insecurity (OR 1.68; CI 1.59-1.78), life stressors (OR 1.39; CI 1.29-1.48), physical dependence, (OR 2.01; CI 1.97-2.06), and potential health hazards (OR 1.52; CI 1.47-1.56) were independently associated with risk of hospitalization, controlling for age, gender, race, SMI, chronic conditions and disability. The introduction of diagnosis codes for SDoH under ICD-10 has facilitated identifying individuals with deficits that might increase health care use above and beyond their underlying health status. Although the prevalence of these risk factors as captured in diagnosis data is likely an underestimate, the strong association with subsequent ED use and hospitalization lends credence to these indicators. Medicare and Medicaid claims data can be used to identify people with SDoH and target interventions to prevent downstream health services use.
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Wright, Don. "SDO Commentary." IEEE Communications Standards Magazine 1, no. 2 (2017): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcomstd.2017.7992920.
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Swamy, Padma, Ana C. Monterrey, Margaret S. Wood, Catherine L. Troisi, and Christopher S. Greeley. "Caregiver and Pediatric Health Care Provider Views on Social Needs Identification." Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 11 (January 2020): 215013272092308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150132720923085.
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Background: The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that pediatricians address the social determinants of health (SDOH) through research, community partnership, and policy development. Objective: This study aimed to identify the unmet SDOH of the patients served by the Pasadena-Pediatric and Adolescent Health Center (PA-PAHC) and to understand provider perspectives on screening for SDOH. Methods: The PA-PAHC is a low-income pediatric clinic in southeast Houston. A cross-sectional survey eliciting potential SDOH concerns was administered to caregivers of children presenting for their well-child exam, along with pediatric residents and staff/faculty. Staff/faculty and residents were asked about their perceptions of SDOH screening. Statistical analysis calculated frequencies for categorical data and mean/median for continuous variables. Secondary data analysis consisted of chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: A total of 110 caregivers, 22 residents, and 21 staff/faculty participated in the study. Caregivers listed health care access the most frequently (15.5%), followed by childcare, school, and immigration status as SDOH concerns. Residents (31.8%) and staff/faculty (23.8%) also identified health care access as a concern. When comparing topic selection by survey role, there was no statistically significant difference among the 3 groups ( P = .257). Residents were more likely to indicate that screening was more time-consuming than were faculty/staff ( P = .004). Conclusion: Staff/faculty and residents agree that SDOH affect child health and screening is valuable in the patient encounter. There were no differences in the needs identified by the 3 groups. Further evaluation to assess caregiver perspectives on standardized SDOH screening versus obtaining routine social history needs to be undertaken.
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Ordonez, Edgardo, Katherine Dowdell, Natasha Navejar, Deepa Dongarwar, Aya Itani, and Hamisu Salihu. "An Assessment of the Social Determinants of Health in an Urban Emergency Department." Western Journal of Emergency Medicine 22, no. 4 (July 15, 2021): 890–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2021.4.50476.
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Introduction: Social determinants of health (SDOH) have significant impacts on patients who seek care in the emergency department (ED). We administered a social needs screening tool and needs assessment survey to assess SDOH and evaluate for trends in the population of patients visiting our ED. Methods: A survey was distributed via convenience sampling to adult ED patients to capture self-reported demographic information and data about social needs. We categorized the questions related to SDOH based on the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification coding format and created a composite variable called “SDOH Strata” based on the SDOH Index scores (0-5-low, 6-10-middle, or ≥11-high). We conducted bivariate analyses using the sociodemographic characteristics of the patients and their SDOH Strata using Fisher’s exact test. We then conducted multinomial logistic regression to examine the association between the patients’ sociodemographic characteristics and the SDOH Strata. Results: A total of 269 surveys were collected. We observed that Hispanic/Latino patients were more than two times as likely (odds ratio: 2.04, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12,-6.51) to be in the higher impact stratum than in the lower impact stratum. Those who were undocumented had 3.43 times increased adjusted odds (95% CI, 1.98, 9.53) of being in the higher than the lower impact stratum compared to US citizens. Additionally, people speaking Spanish as their primary language were 5.16 times as likely to be in the higher impact stratum compared to the reference (English-speaking and lower impact stratum). Conclusion: In our patient population, patients noted to have the highest impact burden of the SDOH were those who identified as Hispanic/Latino, Spanish-speaking, and undocumented immigrant status.
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Silva Nunes, Jorge Luiz, Ana Paula Barbosa Martins, Ednaldo Da Silva Filho, Leonardo Manir Feitosa, Luiz Phelipe Nunes e Silva, and Zafira Da Silva de Almeida. "Sexual dimorphism of sharks from the amazonian equatorial coast." Universitas Scientiarum 20, no. 3 (September 3, 2015): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.sc20-3.sdos.
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Sexual dimorphism is a widespread feature in several groups of vertebrates. Chondrichthyans differ sexually due to the presence of the clasper, a structure for internal fertilization, and other sexual differences in secondary characteristics. Nevertheless, studies assessing these variations are fairly rare. The main goal of this study is to identify differences in sexual dimorphism in three species of sharks from the Carcharhinidae family (<em>Rhizoprionodon porosus</em>, <em>Carcharhinus porosus</em> and <em>Isogomphodon oxyrhynchus</em>) using morphometric tools. A total of 213 specimens were captured in the Amazonian Equatorial Coast and analyzed using 65 morphometric characters. Discriminant analysis and The Student's t-test were used to demonstrate the morphological differences among sexes. Sexual dimorphism was reported at different levels for the three species. This study suggests that the most likely explanation for the presence of these variations is related to their reproductive characteristics and mating behavior.
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Cabin, William D. "HOME CARE NURSES CLAIM MEDICARE IGNORES SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.554.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract There is significant literature on the importance of addressing social determinants of health (SDOH) in order to improve health care outcomes. In response, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has expanded Medicare Advantage plans ability to cover SDOH-related services. Medicare home health does not cover SDOH-related services. A literature review indicates no studies on the nature, significance, or impacts of the lack of SDOH coverage in Medicare home health. The current study is an initial, exploratory study to address the literature gap, based on interviews of a convenience sample of 37 home care nurses between January 2013 and May 2014 in the New York City metropolitan area. Results indicate nurses believe the lack of SDOH coverage in Medicare home health results in exacerbation of existing patient conditions; creation of new, additional patient conditions; increased home care readmissions and re-hospitalizations; increased caregiver burden; and exacerbation of patients’ mental health and substance abuse needs.
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Cabin, William. "Home Care Nurses Claim Medicare Ignores Social Determinants of Health." Home Health Care Management & Practice 31, no. 4 (June 25, 2019): 224–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1084822319858349.
Full textAbstract:
There is significant literature on the importance of addressing social determinants of health (SDOH) in order to improve health care outcomes. In response, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has expanded the ability of Medicare Advantage plans to cover SDOH-related services. Medicare home health does not cover SDOH-related services. A literature review indicates no studies on the nature, significance, or impacts of the lack of SDOH coverage in Medicare home health. The current study is an initial, exploratory study to address the literature gap, based on interviews of a convenience sample of 37 home care nurses between January 2013 and May 2014 in the New York City metropolitan area. Results indicate that nurses believe the lack of SDOH coverage in Medicare home health results in exacerbation of existing patient conditions; creation of new, additional patient conditions; increased home care readmissions and re-hospitalizations; increased caregiver burden; and exacerbation of patients’ mental health and substance abuse needs.
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S. Gan, Buntara, Kien Nguyen-Dinh, Mitsuharu Kurata, and Eiji Nouchi. "Dynamic reduction method for frame structures." Vietnam Journal of Mechanics 35, no. 2 (July 2, 2013): 113–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7136/35/2/3073.
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This paper proposes a new method for reducing MDOF (Multi Degree of Freedom) system of frame structures into SDOF (Single Degree of Freedom) system and recovering back the results of dynamic analysis from the SDOF to the MDOF system.In most of dynamic condensation methods, the reduction of MDOF into an SDOF system is usually done by means of modal analysis. As a result, simplification against the MDOF is made forward-wise and not reversible. In other words, after the responses of SDOF system evaluated by the modal and dynamic analyses, then it is not possible to recover back the responses of the other condensed degree of freedoms accurately. In the new Strain Reduction Method, displacement and rotational DOFs of all nodal points in the frame structures except an arbitrarily selected representative node are transformed into their strains field before the reduction process. By adopting previous authors’ work in improving the dynamic reduction method, small order in magnitude of strains field can be separated as secondary DOFs, hence leaving the representative node as an SDOFsystem. After conducting dynamic analysis to the SDOF system, the time historical responses of the SDOF system can be used to recover back the time historical responses in the MDOF system of frame structures with negligible error.
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Owusu-Addo, Ebenezer, Andre M. N. Renzaho, and Ben J. Smith. "Cash transfers and the social determinants of health: a conceptual framework." Health Promotion International 34, no. 6 (October 1, 2018): e106-e118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/day079.
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Abstract Cash transfers (CTs) can play a significant role in tackling the social determinants of health (SDoH), but to date there is a lack of conceptual framework for understanding CTs linkages to the SDoH. This article proposes a framework that identifies the linkages between CTs and SDoH, discusses its implications, and argues for active involvement of health promoters in CT design, implementation and evaluation. The development of the framework followed two stages: evidence review and stakeholder involvement. The evidence review entailed a systematic literature search to identify published and unpublished impact evaluation studies of CTs in sub-Saharan Africa. Critical reflection on the evidence synthesized from the literature formed the basis for the development of the framework. Interviews with CT policy makers, managers and development partners were also carried out to help refine the framework. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcripts were analysed using thematic framework analysis. The study finds that there is limited recognition of SDoH in CT policy making and implementation. The evidence reviewed, however, points to strong impacts of CTs on SDoH. The framework thus conceptualizes how CTs work to influence a broad range of SDoH and health inequities. It also highlights how CT architecture and contexts may influence program impacts. The proposed framework can be used by policy makers to guide CT design, adaptation and operations, and by program managers and researchers to inform CTs’ evaluations, respectively. The framework suggests that to optimize CT impact on SDoH and reduce health inequities, health promoters should be actively engaged in terms of the programs design, implementation and evaluation.
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Haire-Joshu, Debra, and Felicia Hill-Briggs. "The Next Generation of Diabetes Translation: A Path to Health Equity." Annual Review of Public Health 40, no. 1 (April 2019): 391–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040218-044158.
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Disparities in diabetes burden exist in large part because of the social determinants of health (SDOH). Translation research and practice addressing health equity in diabetes have generally focused on changing individual behavior or providing supportive approaches to compensate for, rather than directly target, SDOH. The purpose of this article is to propose a pathway for addressing SDOH as root causes of diabetes disparities and as an essential target for the next generation of interventions needed to achieve health equity in diabetes prevention and treatment. This review describes ( a) the current burden of diabetes disparities, ( b) the influence of SDOH on diabetes disparities, ( c) gaps in and implications of current translation research, and ( d) approaches to achieving health equity in the next generation of diabetes translation.
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Yan, Junbo, Yan Liu, and Fenglei Huang. "Improved SDOF Approach to Incorporate the Effects of Axial Loads on the Dynamic Responses of Steel Columns Subjected to Blast Loads." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (February 12, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7810542.
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In this paper, a complicated single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) approach was developed to determine the global response of steel columns under combined axial and blast-induced transverse loads. Nonlinear section and member analyses were incorporated into the suggested SDOF method to account for the complex features of the material behavior, the high strain rate effect, and the column geometry. The SDOF technique was validated through comparisons with available finite element and experimental data, and a good consistency was obtained. Then, the validated SDOF approach was utilized to derive the pressure-impulse curves under various levels of axial loading. The level of the axial load was shown to have a significant influence on the dynamic behavior of a steel column subjected to a blast load.
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Ambraseys, N. N., and J. Douglas. "Effect of Vertical Ground Motions on Horizontal Response of Structures." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 03, no. 02 (June 2003): 227–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455403000902.
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Single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) elastic models are commonly used for gaining an understanding of the response of structures to earthquake ground motions. The standard SDOF model used does not account for the effect of gravity or the combined effect of horizontal and vertical excitations on horizontal response. The purpose of this paper is to review previous work on this topic and to investigate a series of SDOF models that do incorporate these effects and to compare their response to the response of the standard model using 186 strong-motion records of near-field earthquake ground motions. It is found that for most realistic SDOF models and most earthquake ground motions the effect of vertical excitation on horizontal response is small.
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Ahn, Seongnoh, Gun Park, Hyungchul Yoon, Jae-Hyeok Han, and Jongwon Jung. "Evaluation of Soil–Structure Interaction in Structure Models via Shaking Table Test." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 29, 2021): 4995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094995.
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Modeling the soil–structure interaction (SSI) in seismic design involves the use of soil response curves for single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) structures; however, real structures have multiple degrees of freedom (MDOF). In this study, shaking-table-derived p-y curves for SDOF and MDOF superstructures were compared using numerical analysis. It was found that an MDOF structure experienced less displacement than an SDOF structure of the same weight, but the effect of increasing the DOF decreased at greater pile depths. Numerical analysis results estimated using the natural periods and mass participation rates of the structures were similar to those of shaking table tests. Abbreviations: finite element: FE; frequency response function: FRF; multiple degrees of freedom: MDOF; single degree of freedom: SDOF; soil–structure interaction: SSI.
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Tudjono, Sri, and Patria Kusumaningrum. "Dynamic Response of RC Cantilever Beam by Equivalent Single Degree of Freedom Method on Elastic Analysis – A Review on Transformation Factors and Dynamic Magnification Factors." MATEC Web of Conferences 159 (2018): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815901005.
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The response of multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) structure can be correlated to the response of an equivalent single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system, implying that the response is controlled by a single, unchanged mode shape. This equivalent SDOF method is eminent as an approximate method of dynamic analysis. In this study, equivalent SDOF method analysis is carried out on RC cantilever beam subjected to dynamic blast loading to review the transformation factors (TFs) provided by TM5-1300 code.
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Dorsch, M., M. Latour, and U. Heber. "Heavy metals in intermediate He-rich hot subdwarfs: the chemical composition of HZ 44 and HD 127493." Astronomy & Astrophysics 630 (October 2019): A130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935724.
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Context. Hot subluminous stars can be spectroscopically classified as subdwarf B (sdB) and O (sdO) stars. While the latter are predominantly hydrogen deficient, the former are mostly helium deficient. The atmospheres of most sdOs are almost devoid of hydrogen, whereas a small group of hot subdwarf stars of mixed H/He composition exists, showing extreme metal abundance anomalies. Whether such intermediate helium-rich (iHe) subdwarf stars provide an evolutionary link between the dominant classes is an open question. Aims. The presence of strong Ge, Sn, and Pb lines in the UV spectrum of HZ 44 suggests a strong enrichment of heavy elements in this iHe-sdO star and calls for a detailed quantitative spectral analysis focusing on trans-iron elements. Methods. Non-local thermodynamical equilibrium model atmospheres and synthetic spectra calculated with TLUSTY/SYNSPEC were combined with high-quality optical, ultraviolet (UV), and far-UV (FUV) spectra of HZ 44 and its hotter sibling HD 127493 to determine their atmospheric parameters and metal abundance patterns. Results. By collecting atomic data from the literature we succeeded in determining the abundances of 29 metals in HZ 44, including the trans-iron elements Ga, Ge, As, Se, Zr, Sn, and Pb and providing upper limits for ten other metals. This makes it the best-described hot subdwarf in terms of chemical composition. For HD 127493 the abundance of 15 metals, including Ga, Ge, and Pb and upper limits for another 16 metals were derived. Heavy elements turn out to be overabundant by one to four orders of magnitude with respect to the Sun. Zr and Pb are among the most enriched elements. Conclusions. The C, N, and O abundance for both stars can be explained by the nucleosynthesis of hydrogen burning in the CNO cycle along with the stars’ helium enrichment. On the other hand, the heavy-element anomalies are unlikely to be caused by nucleosynthesis. Instead diffusion processes are evoked, with radiative levitation overcoming gravitational settlement of the heavy elements.
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Karunajeewa, Harin A., Sam Salman, Ivo Mueller, Francisca Baiwog, Servina Gomorrai, Irwin Law, Madhu Page-Sharp, et al. "Pharmacokinetic Properties of Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine in Pregnant Women." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 53, no. 10 (July 20, 2009): 4368–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00335-09.
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ABSTRACT To determine the pharmacokinetic disposition of sulfadoxine (SDOX) and pyrimethamine (PYR) when administered as intermittent presumptive treatment during pregnancy (IPTp) for malaria, 30 Papua New Guinean women in the second or third trimester of pregnancy and 30 age-matched nonpregnant women were given a single dose of 1,500 mg of SDOX plus 75 mg of pyrimethamine PYR. Blood was taken at baseline and 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 48, and 72 h and at 7, 10, 14, 28, and 42 days posttreatment in all women. Plasma samples were assayed for SDOX, N-acetylsulfadoxine (NASDOX), and PYR by high-performance liquid chromatography. Population pharmacokinetic modeling was performed using NONMEM v6.2.0. Separate user-defined mamillary models were fitted to SDOX/NASDOX and PYR. When the covariate pregnancy was applied to clearance, there was a significant improvement in the base model for both treatments. Pregnancy was associated with a significantly lower area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to ∞ for SDOX (22,315 versus 33,284 mg·h/liter), NASDOX (801 versus 1,590 mg·h/liter), and PYR (72,115 versus 106,065 μg·h/liter; P < 0.001 in each case). Because lower plasma concentrations of SDOX and PYR could compromise both curative efficacy and posttreatment prophylaxis in pregnant patients, IPTp regimens incorporating higher mg/kg doses than those recommended for nonpregnant patients should be considered.
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Hoshiya, Masaru, and Yoshihito Saito. "Prediction Control of SDOF System." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 121, no. 10 (October 1995): 1049–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(1995)121:10(1049).
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Lu, Yu-Sheng, Chang-Yong Syu, and Chao-Shu Liu. "DISTURBANCE COMPENSATION TECHNIQUES FOR CONTROLLING PNEUMATIC ACTUATOR SYSTEMS." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 38, no. 3 (September 2014): 275–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2014-0020.
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In this paper, three disturbance compensation algorithms are experimentally evaluated considering the control problem of a rodless pneumatic cylinder. Despite its highly nonlinear dynamics, the pneumatic cylinder is modeled as a linear system including an unknown lumped disturbance. Three disturbance estimation algorithms are then employed to compensate for this lumped disturbance: the traditional linear disturbance observer (TDOB), the integral sliding-mode disturbance observer (I-SDOB) and the IMP-based SDOB (IMP-SDOB). Experimental results are presented to compare these three algorithms in terms of positioning accuracy.
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Johnson, Kaprea F., and Dana L. Brookover. "School Counselors’ Knowledge, Actions, and Recommendations for Addressing Social Determinants of Health With Students, Families, and in Communities." Professional School Counseling 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 2156759X2098584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156759x20985847.
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Social determinants of health (SDOH) are living conditions that influence mental and physical health. The American School Counselor Association provides school counselors with guidance for addressing SDOH, and this study sought to explore school counselors’ experiences in doing so. Using qualitative methodology, specifically, consensual qualitative research, with 11 school counselors, we identified six domains that describe school counselors’ experiences and perceptions of addressing SDOH with students and families. Ecological Social Justice School Counseling theory informed the discussion and implications for school counselors and school counselor educators.
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Urick, Benjamin, Sabree Burbage, Christopher Baggett, Jennifer Elston Lafata, Hanna Kelly Sanoff, and Justin G. Trogdon. "Influence of social determinants of health on oncology care quality rankings." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 28_suppl (October 1, 2021): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.39.28_suppl.139.
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139 Background: Adjustment for social determinants of health (SDOH) when assessing provider care quality remains limited. The Oncology Care Model (OCM), for example, includes low-income status/dual eligibility (LIS/DE) as a part of the risk adjustment model for some quality measures, but does not account for any social risk variables in the hospice measure. No measures within the OCM account for additional social risk factors beyond LIS/DE such as patients’ race, rurality, and social deprivation. Additional SDOH adjustment could increase the accuracy of provider quality rankings and better align performance-based payments with true provider quality. Methods: North Carolina Medicare claims from 2015-2017 comprised the data for this study. The year 2015 was used to establish baseline covariates. Episodes were attributed to physician practices’ Tax Identification Number (TIN), lasted 6 months, and were divided into performance years beginning 1/1/2016 and 7/1/2016. Three measures were used: 1) all-cause hospital admissions; 2) all-cause emergency department visits or observation stays; and 3) admission to hospice for 3 days or more among patients who died. SDOH included patient-level race as well as county-level rurality and social deprivation, measured using the social deprivation index (SDI). TIN-level scores with and without expanded SDOH variables were divided into quintiles and compared descriptively as well as using weighted kappa statistics. Results: No SDOH were significantly associated with the hospitalization outcome (P = 0.118-0.944). For the ED measure, Black patients and rural patients were significantly more likely to have an ED visit or observation stay during an episode than white patients and urban patients (P < 0.0001). For the hospice measure, greater SDI values were associated with less hospice use (P < 0.05). Accordingly, including SDOH variables for ED visit/observation stay and hospice measures had a greater impact on TIN rankings than for the hospitalization measure (Table). Conclusions: Because quintile rankings in determine potential shared savings under models like the OCM, differences in rankings due to additional SDOH variables could have a meaningful impact on TIN-level revenue. Additional work is needed to expand the scope of patient-level SDOH variables used for risk adjustment and to explore differences across TINs which contribute to SDOH-sensitive changes in rankings.[Table: see text]
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Wangi, Ni Wayan Sri, Agusdin Agusdin, and Siti Nurmayanti. "ANALISIS PERENCANAAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA (SDM) KESEHATAN PUSKESMAS DENGAN METODE WORKLOAD INDICATORS OF STAFFING NEEDS (WISN) DI KABUPATEN LOMBOK BARAT." JURNAL KEDOKTERAN 5, no. 1 (August 23, 2019): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.36679/kedokteran.v5i1.134.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perencanaan sumber daya manusia kesehatan (SDMK) Puskesmas dengan menghitung beban kerja, kebutuhan jumlah dan kompetensi setiap unit dan kategori SDMK Puskesmas serta kebutuhan pengembangannya di Kabupaten Lombok Barat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Analisis data kuantitatif menggunakan metode Workload Indicators of Staffing Needs (WISN). Analisis data kualitatif menggunakan metode dari Miles dan Huberman melalui analisis kebutuhan organisasi, pekerjaan dan personal. Sampel Puskesmas dan informan penelitian dipilih dengan metode purposive sampling. Puskesmas Gunung Sari dan Meninting terpilih menjadi sampel penelitian. Seluruh SDMK Puskesmas yang berjumlah 168 orang dijadikan responden dan 10 orang diantaranya dipilih menjadi informan penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dokumentasi, angket, wawancara mendalam dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 8 unit kerja dan 8 kategori tenaga di Puskesmas Gunung Sari serta 7 unit kerja dan 7 kategori tenaga di Puskesmas Meninting memiliki beban kerja tinggi (rasio WISN<1). Beban kerja rendah (rasio WISN>1) didapatkan pada 4 kategori tenaga di Puskesmas Gunung Sari serta 1 unit kerja dan 4 kategori tenaga di Puskesmas Meninting. Kebutuhan seluruh SDMK Puskesmas Gunung Sari sebanyak 114 orang, yang tersedia sebanyak 98 orang sehingga terdapat kekurangan 16 orang. Puskesmas Meninting membutuhkan 87 orang tenaga, yang tersedia 70 orang sehingga masih terdapat kekurangan 17 orang. Hasil analisis kebutuhan pengembangan SDMK menunjukkan kebutuhan peningkatan pendidikan Diploma III bagi perawat, pelatihan kegawatdaruratan dan penunjang diagnostik bagi dokter umum dan perawat. Pelatihan manajemen dibutuhkan oleh bendahara dan tenaga pengadaan barang dan jasa. Pelatihan administrasi pelayanan dibutuhkan oleh seluruh staf Puskesmas. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan Puskesmas untuk membuat perencanaan perekrutan, rotasi antar unit kerja dan pengembangan SDMK sesuai dengan hasil analisis WISN dan kebutuhan pengembangan SDMK Puskesmas di Kabupaten Lombok Barat.